| evidence for substantial maintenance of membrane integrity and cell viability in normally developing grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries throughout development. | fluorescein diacetate (fda) was used as a vital stain to assay membrane integrity (cell viability) in mesocarp tissue of the developing grape (vitis vinifera l.) berry in order to test the hypothesis that there is a substantial loss of compartmentation in these cells during ripening. this technique was also used to determine whether loss of viability was associated with symptoms of a ripening disorder known as berry shrivel. fda fluorescence of berry cells was rapid, bright, and stable for over ... | 2008 | 18272917 |
| [analysis of free terpenoids in four vitis vinifera varieties using solvent assisted flavour evaporation and gas chromatography-tadem mass spectrometry]. | the free terpenoids in four vitis vinifera varieties were studied by solvent assisted flavour evaporation (safe) and gas chromatography-tadem mass spectrometry (gc-ms/ms). the compounds of the grapes were extracted with vibrating extraction at constant temperature, and then the non-volatiles were removed by safe. the volatile compounds were concentrated with a stream of nitrogen and analyzed by gc-ms/ms. the temperature of cycle water and flow rate of the sample were optimized in safe procedure. ... | 2007 | 18257310 |
| snp high-throughput screening in grapevine using the snplex genotyping system. | until recently, only a small number of low- and mid-throughput methods have been used for single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) discovery and genotyping in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). however, following completion of the sequence of the highly heterozygous genome of pinot noir, it has been possible to identify millions of electronic snps (esnps) thus providing a valuable source for high-throughput genotyping methods. | 2008 | 18226250 |
| a three-dimensional statistical reconstruction model of grapevine (vitis vinifera) simulating canopy structure variability within and between cultivar/training system pairs. | in grapevine, canopy-structure-related variations in light interception and distribution affect productivity, yield and the quality of the harvested product. a simple statistical model for reconstructing three-dimensional (3d) canopy structures for various cultivar-training system (c x t) pairs has been implemented with special attention paid to balance the time required for model parameterization and accuracy of the representations from organ to stand scales. such an approach particularly aims ... | 2008 | 18202006 |
| prediction of wine color attributes from the phenolic profiles of red grapes (vitis vinifera). | knowledge about the relation between grape and wine phenolics is of key interest for the wine industry with respect to being able to predict wine quality from analyses of grapes. prediction of the phenolic composition and color of experimentally produced red wines from the detailed phenolic composition of the corresponding grapes was investigated using a multivariate approach. grape extracts and wines were produced from 55 different grape samples, covering 8 different vitis vinifera cultivars: a ... | 2008 | 18173238 |
| [acute hepatitis probably induced by fumaria and vitis vinifera tinctoria herbal products]. | | 2007 | 18166905 |
| the effect of massive gene loss following whole genome duplication on the algorithmic reconstruction of the ancestral populus diploid. | we improve on guided genome halving algorithms so that several thousand gene sets, each containing two paralogs in the descendant t of the doubling event and their single ortholog from an undoubled reference genome r, can be analyzed to reconstruct the ancestor a of t at the time of doubling. at the same time, large numbers of defective gene sets, either missing one paralog from t or missing their ortholog in r, may be incorporated into the analysis in a consistent way. we apply this genomic rea ... | 2008 | 19642286 |
| larval host plant origin modifies the adult oviposition preference of the female european grapevine moth lobesia botrana. | according to the 'natal habitat preference induction' (nhpi) hypothesis, phytophagous insect females should prefer to lay their eggs on the host species on which they developed as larvae. we tested whether this hypothesis applies to the breeding behaviour of polyphagous european grapevine moth, lobesia botrana, an important pest in european vineyards. we previously found that different grape cultivars affect several life history traits of the moth. because the different cultivars of grapes are s ... | 2008 | 18066706 |
| investigations of 5s rdna of vitis vinifera l.: sequence analysis and physical mapping. | here we report the first results of a study of 5s rdna of vitis vinifera. 5s rdna sequences from seven genotypes were amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced. three types of repeats were found. two variants, denominated long repeat and short repeat, appeared to be the main components of the 5s rdna of this species, since they were found in all genotypes analyzed. they differed markedly from each other in both the length and the nucleotide composition of the spacers. the third variant, classified ... | 2007 | 18059555 |
| partial shading of cabernet sauvignon and shiraz vines altered wine color and mouthfeel attributes, but increased exposure had little impact. | few studies have investigated the impact of vine shading on the sensory attributes of the resultant wine. this study examines the effects of canopy exposure levels on phenolic composition plus aroma, flavor, and mouthfeel aspects in wine. wines were made from cabernet sauvignon and shiraz grapes (vitis vinifera l.) subjected to different levels of canopy exposure in a commercial vineyard in the sunraysia region, victoria, australia. canopy exposure treatments included control (standard vineyard ... | 2007 | 18052125 |
| characterization of vitis vinifera l. somatic variants exhibiting abnormal flower development patterns. | mutants have proven to be a key resource for functional genomic studies in model annual plant species. in perennial plant species where mutants are difficult to generate and to screen, spontaneous somatic variants represent a unique resource to understand the genetic control of complex developmental patterns. the morphological and histological characterization of six vitis vinifera l. somatic variants that display four different abnormal phenotypes of flower development are described here. a phe ... | 2007 | 18042806 |
| transcriptomic and metabolite analyses of cabernet sauvignon grape berry development. | grape berry development is a dynamic process that involves a complex series of molecular genetic and biochemical changes divided into three major phases. during initial berry growth (phase i), berry size increases along a sigmoidal growth curve due to cell division and subsequent cell expansion, and organic acids (mainly malate and tartrate), tannins, and hydroxycinnamates accumulate to peak levels. the second major phase (phase ii) is defined as a lag phase in which cell expansion ceases and su ... | 2007 | 18034876 |
| genome-wide transcriptional analysis of grapevine berry ripening reveals a set of genes similarly modulated during three seasons and the occurrence of an oxidative burst at vèraison. | grapevine (vitis species) is among the most important fruit crops in terms of cultivated area and economic impact. despite this relevance, little is known about the transcriptional changes and the regulatory circuits underlying the biochemical and physical changes occurring during berry development. | 2007 | 18034875 |
| pesticide analysis in rose wines by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. | in this work, the determination of 11 pesticides (pirimicarb, metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, procymidone, nuarimol, azoxystrobin, tebufenozide, fenarimol, benalaxyl, penconazole, and tetradifon) in rose wines by micellar ekc (mekc) using reversed electrode polarity stacking mode (repsm) as online preconcentration strategy is described. the mekc buffer consisted of 100 mm sodium tetraborate and 30 mm sds at ph 8.5 with 6% v/v 1-propanol. a solid-phase microextraction (spme) procedure using pdms/divinyl ... | 2007 | 18027361 |
| high throughput snp discovery and genotyping in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) by combining a re-sequencing approach and snplex technology. | single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) are the most abundant type of dna sequence polymorphisms. their higher availability and stability when compared to simple sequence repeats (ssrs) provide enhanced possibilities for genetic and breeding applications such as cultivar identification, construction of genetic maps, the assessment of genetic diversity, the detection of genotype/phenotype associations, or marker-assisted breeding. in addition, the efficiency of these activities can be improved tha ... | 2007 | 18021442 |
| 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol in wines: estimating non-microbial sourced contributions and toxicological considerations. | analyses of commercially available wines suggested non-brettanomyces sources of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. grapes, enological additions, exposure to plastics, and oak-barrel aging were potential inputs considered. investigations of whole grape bunch samples from two major red wine vitis vinifera cultivars (l. cv. cabernet franc and pinot noir), a commercial mannoprotein additive, and three commercial enological tannin additions indicated they are not likely significant sources of these c ... | 2007 | 17978957 |
| multiple pesticide analysis in wine by mekc combined with solid-phase microextraction and sample stacking. | in this work, a new method for the determination in white wines of 12 pesticides widely used in vine cultivars (namely, carbendazim, pirimicarb, metalaxyl, pyrimethanil, procymidone, nuarimol, azoxystrobin, tebufenozide, fenarimol, benalaxyl, penconazole, and tetradifon) using solid-phase microextraction (spme) and mekc with diode-array detection (dad) was developed. the mekc buffer consisted of 100 mm sodium tetraborate and 30 mm sds at ph 8.5 with 6% v/v 1-propanol. reversed-electrode polarity ... | 2007 | 17957661 |
| differentiation of vitis vinifera varieties by maldi-ms analysis of the grape seed proteins. | until now the study of pathogenic related proteins in grape juice and wine, performed by esi-ms, lc/esi-ms, and maldi/ms, has been proposed for differentiation of varieties. in fact, chitinases and thaumatin-like proteins persist through the vinification process and cause hazes and sediments in bottled wines. an additional instrument, potentially suitable for the grape varieties differentiation, has been developed by maldi/ms for the grape seed protein analysis. the hydrosoluble protein profiles ... | 2008 | 17943998 |
| proteomic analysis of tunisian grapevine cultivar razegui under salt stress. | salt stress is one of the major abiotic stresses in agriculture worldwide, especially in the mediterranean area. we report here a proteomic approach to investigate the salt stress-responsive proteins in grapevine (vitis vinifera). two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-de) was used to analyze the proteome of the salt-tolerant tunisian grapevine cultivar razegui, subjected to a supply of 100mm nacl over 15d. analysis of 2-de gels derived from stressed plants revealed more than 800 reproducibly detect ... | 2008 | 17942184 |
| [ocurrence of cryptoblabes gnidiella (millière) (lepidoptera: pyralidae) associated with grape phenology in bento gonçalves, rs]. | the aim of this study was to record and compare the occurrence of adults and immature stages of honeydew moth, cryptoblabes gnidiella (millière), related with grape phenology in two pinot noir (vitis vinifera) vineyards in bento gonçalves (29 degrees 10's 51 degrees 32'o), rs, during 2004-2005. fortnightly, immature stages were monitored in the clusters and grapevine branches, while the adults, in delta traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone. there were significant differences in the number o ... | 2007 | 17934621 |
| ethylene and not embolism is required for wound-induced tylose development in stems of grapevines. | the pruning of actively growing grapevines (vitis vinifera) resulted in xylem vessel embolisms and a stimulation of tylose formation in the vessels below the pruning wound. pruning was also followed by a 10-fold increase in the concentration of ethylene at the cut surface. when the pruning cut was made under water and maintained in water, embolisms were prevented, but there was no reduction in the formation of tyloses or the accumulation of ethylene. treatment of the stems with inhibitors of eth ... | 2007 | 17921344 |
| polyphenolic compounds in chemoprevention of colon cancer - targets and signaling pathways. | colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of premature death in people worldwide. due to the fact that malignant conversion of normal colonic cells requires several steps and often proceeds over considerable time periods, primary prevention of this process should include several approaches, with optimization of nutrition and diet being among most important. during past decades, several groups of chemicals (both naturally occurring as well as synthetic) have been studied in terms of their po ... | 2007 | 17896916 |
| proteomic analysis of somatic embryogenesis in vitis vinifera. | two dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry has been used to study the somatic embryogenesis in vitis vinifera, by comparing embryogenic and non embryogenic calluses of the thompson seedless cv. more than 1,000 spots were reproducibly resolved in colloidal coomassie brilliant blue stained gels over a pi nonlinear range of 3-10 in the first dimension and using homogeneous 12.5% polyacrylamide gels in the second dimension. the expression pattern of 35 spots differed significan ... | 2008 | 17874111 |
| complexing capacity profiles of naturally occurring ligands in tempranillo wines for cu and zn: an electroanalytical approach for cupric casse. | complexing capacity of naturally occurring ligands in vitis vinifera (tempranillo variety) wines has been studied with respect to two target metals (cu and zn) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (dpasv). eight commercial wines of two certified brands of origin (cbo) and a young wine along its vinification process were monitored. conditional stability constants and total complexing ligand(s) concentration(s) have been calculated for both metals. discussion of the particular electr ... | 2007 | 17765065 |
| generation of ests in vitis vinifera wine grape (cabernet sauvignon) and table grape (muscat hamburg) and discovery of new candidate genes with potential roles in berry development. | we report the generation and analysis of a total of 77,583 expressed sequence tags (ests) from two grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars, cabernet sauvignon (wine grape) and muscat hamburg (table grape) with a focus on est sequence quality and assembly optimization. the majority of the ests were derived from normalized cdna libraries representing berry pericarp and seed developmental series, pooled non-berry tissues including root, flower, and leaf in cabernet sauvignon, and pooled tissues of ... | 2007 | 17761391 |
| [acute kidney injury by glycerol: antioxidant effect of vitis vinifera l]. | the acute kidney injury (aki) is the most serious complication of rhabdomyolysis. in this syndrome, the delivery of heme pigment induces an injury that distinguishes itself by glomerular vasoconstriction and direct cellular toxicity with oxidative component. the renoprotection with antioxidants has demonstrated satisfactory effect. the proanthocyanidins are natural antioxidants found in the grape seed extract. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of vitis vinifera (grape ... | 2007 | 25310061 |
| the grapevine genome sequence suggests ancestral hexaploidization in major angiosperm phyla. | the analysis of the first plant genomes provided unexpected evidence for genome duplication events in species that had previously been considered as true diploids on the basis of their genetics. these polyploidization events may have had important consequences in plant evolution, in particular for species radiation and adaptation and for the modulation of functional capacities. here we report a high-quality draft of the genome sequence of grapevine (vitis vinifera) obtained from a highly homozyg ... | 2007 | 17721507 |
| biochemical and genetic polymorphisms for carboxylesterase and acetylesterase in grape clones of vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae) cultivars. | native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) was employed to show the highest number of esterase loci and to detect alpha- and beta-esterase polymorphisms in leaf buds of vitis vinifera cultivars. a total of 16 esterase isozymes were detected in leaf buds from 235 plants including italia, rubi, benitaka, and brasil cultivars. biochemical characterization of the grape esterases using ester substrates revealed alpha-, beta-, and alpha/beta-esterases with inhibitor tests distinguishing both car ... | 2007 | 17710528 |
| optimization of simultaneous flavanol, phenolic acid, and anthocyanin extraction from grapes using an experimental design: application to the characterization of champagne grape varieties. | optimization of polyphenol extraction from grape skin, seed, and pulp was performed on vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir, by response surface methodology using a doehlert design. an acidified mixture of acetone/water/methanol was the best solvent for simultaneous extraction of major polyphenol groups from all berry parts, while optimum extraction times and solid-to-liquid ratios varied according to the part. the determined composition from the model agreed with independent experimental results. a ... | 2007 | 17696446 |
| water deficits accelerate ripening and induce changes in gene expression regulating flavonoid biosynthesis in grape berries. | water deficits consistently promote higher concentrations of anthocyanins in red winegrapes and their wines. however, controversy remains as to whether there is any direct effect on berry metabolism other than inhibition of growth. early (ed) and late (ld) season water deficits, applied before or after the onset of ripening (veraison), were imposed on field grown vitis vinifera "cabernet sauvignon", and the responses of gene expression in the flavonoid pathway and their corresponding metabolites ... | 2007 | 17694320 |
| gain of function of stomatal movements in rooting vitis vinifera l. plants: regulation by h(2)o(2) is independent of aba before the protruding of roots. | reactive oxygen species (ros), namely superoxide radical (o2(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)) are generated when plant tissues endure a variety of environmental stresses, including light stress. the extremely short life times of ros makes the study of their production in planta very difficult. the use of ros-specific tracer dyes, 3-3' diaminobenzidine and nitroblue tetrazolium, together with high-resolution imaging provides the opportunity to identify sites of photooxidative stress response ... | 2007 | 17690888 |
| analysis of protein changes during grape berry ripening by 2-de and maldi-tof. | grape berry, a nonclimacteric fruit, during ripening turns from green, hard and acidic to coloured, soft and sweet. many studies have focused on dynamic changes of mrna levels, metabolites, sugars or individual proteins, but this is the first report of a proteomic approach applied to the screening of the most prominent variations that take place during berry ripening. vitis vinifera cv. 'nebbiolo lampia' berries were collected at 10-day intervals, starting 1 month after flowering to complete rip ... | 2007 | 17683049 |
| cloning of phospholipase d from grape berry and its expression under heat acclimation. | to investigate whether phospholipase d (pld, ec 3.1.4.4) plays a role in adaptive response of post-harvest fruit to environment, a pld gene was firstly cloned from grape berry (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) using rt-pcr and 3'- and 5'-race. the deduced amino acid sequence (809 residues) showed 84.7% identity with that of pld from ricinus communis. the secondary structures of this protein showed the characteristic c2 domain and two active sites of a phospholipid-metabolizing enzyme. the pld a ... | 2007 | 17669277 |
| grapevine vitivirus a eradication in vitis vinifera explants by antiviral drugs and thermotherapy. | grapevine shoot cultures infected by grapevine vitivirus a (gva) were grown on quorin-lepoivre basic medium and submitted to in vitro chemotherapy and thermotherapy sanitation techniques. ribavirin (rb) at 20gml(-1), dihydroxypropyladenine (dhpa) at 60gml(-1) and their combination (rbdh) were added to the proliferating medium for three subsequent subcultures of 30 days each. phytotoxicity was observed on drug-treated plantlets, which displayed a high percentage of mortality for each drug at dose ... | 2007 | 17645950 |
| influence of vine vigor on grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) anthocyanins. 2. anthocyanins and pigmented polymers in wine. | the relationships between grapevine (vitis vinifera) vigor variation and resulting wine anthocyanin concentration and composition and pigmented polymer formation were investigated. the study was conducted in a commercial vineyard consisting of the same clone, rootstock, age, and vineyard management practices. vine vigor parameters were used to designate vigor zones within two vineyard sites (a and b) to produce research wines (2003 and 2004) and conduct a model extraction experiment (2004 only) ... | 2007 | 17636934 |
| influence of vine vigor on grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) anthocyanins. 1. anthocyanin concentration and composition in fruit. | the relationships between grapevine (vitis vinifera) vigor variation and resulting fruit anthocyanin accumulation and composition were investigated. the study was conducted in a commercial vineyard consisting of the same clone, rootstock, age, and vineyard management practices. the experimental design involved assigning vigor zones in two vineyard sites based upon differences in vine growth. fruits and wines were analyzed by hplc from designated vigor zones in 2003 and 2004. average berry weight ... | 2007 | 17636933 |
| a dense single-nucleotide polymorphism-based genetic linkage map of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) anchoring pinot noir bacterial artificial chromosome contigs. | the construction of a dense genetic map for vitis vinifera and its anchoring to a bac-based physical map is described: it includes 994 loci mapped onto 19 linkage groups, corresponding to the basic chromosome number of vitis. spanning 1245 cm with an average distance of 1.3 cm between adjacent markers, the map was generated from the segregation of 483 single-nucleotide polymorphism (snp)-based genetic markers, 132 simple sequence repeats (ssrs), and 379 aflp markers in a mapping population of 94 ... | 2007 | 17603124 |
| enumerative and binomial sequential sampling plans for the multicolored asian lady beetle (coleoptera: coccinellidae) in wine grapes. | to develop a practical integrated pest management (ipm) system for the multicolored asian lady beetle, harmonia axyridis (pallas) (coleoptera: coccinellidae), in wine grapes, we assessed the spatial distribution of h. axyridis and developed eight sampling plans to estimate adult density or infestation level in grape clusters. we used 49 data sets collected from commercial vineyards in 2004 and 2005, in minnesota and wisconsin. enumerative plans were developed using two precision levels (0.10 and ... | 2007 | 17598567 |
| comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry of monoterpenoids as a powerful tool for grape origin traceability. | the establishment of the monoterpenoid profile of vitis vinifera l. cv. 'fernão-pires' white grape was achieved by headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gcxgc-tof-ms). the plot of the first dimension versus the second dimension retention times using the m/z 93, 121, and 136 was used. the grapes were found to contain 56 monoterpenoids identified by gcxgc-tof-ms. from these, 20 were reported for th ... | 2007 | 17585921 |
| tissue-specific mrna expression profiling in grape berry tissues. | berries of grape (vitis vinifera) contain three major tissue types (skin, pulp and seed) all of which contribute to the aroma, color, and flavor characters of wine. the pericarp, which is composed of the exocarp (skin) and mesocarp (pulp), not only functions to protect and feed the developing seed, but also to assist in the dispersal of the mature seed by avian and mammalian vectors. the skin provides volatile and nonvolatile aroma and color compounds, the pulp contributes organic acids and suga ... | 2007 | 17584945 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of the rop gtpase family in vitis vinifera. | rop/rac gtpases are plant-specific signalling proteins with multiple roles, some of which have implications in plant development and in hormone signal transduction. using expressed sequence tag (est) and gene database analyses, members of the rop family were characterized for the first time in a perennial species (vitis vinifera). the grapevine genome was found to contain seven expressed vvrops. the phylogenetic analyses indicated that vvrops could be distributed into four groups, as described i ... | 2007 | 17578867 |
| compositional investigation of phenolic polymers isolated from vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir during fermentation. | phenolic polymer material extracted during commercial red wine fermentations (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) was isolated and analyzed to characterize its chemical composition. phenolic polymer isolates were prepared from samples taken throughout fermentation and isolated by adsorption chromatography. isolates were subjected to phloroglucinolysis to analyze the proanthocyanidin amount as well as the subunit composition. results of phloroglucinolysis revealed that the proanthocyanidin content ... | 2007 | 17567144 |
| naturalised vitis rootstocks in europe and consequences to native wild grapevine. | the genus vitis is represented by several coexisting species in europe. our study focuses on naturalised rootstocks that originate in viticulture. the consequences of their presence to the landscape and to native european species (vitis vinifera ssp. silvestris) are evaluated. this study compares ecological traits (seven qualitative and quantitative descriptors) and the genetic diversity (10 ssr markers) of populations of naturalised rootstocks and native wild grapevines. 18 large naturalised ro ... | 2007 | 17565374 |
| pest management programmes in vineyards using male mating disruption. | israeli vine growers have been reluctant to adopt the mating disruption technique for control of the european vine moth, lobesia botrana den. & schiff. since the chemically controlled honeydew moth, cryptoblabes gnidiella mill., coexists with the european vine moth, growers have maintained that the use of mating disruption would fail to bring about a significant reduction in pesticide use. in this study, the efficacy of mating disruption techniques against c. gnidiella was tested, as well as the ... | 2007 | 17523143 |
| pesticide aerosol characteristics in the vicinity of an agricultural vehicle cab during application. | pesticide spraying for crop protection leads to the formation of a mist of droplets, part of which is dispersed into the atmosphere. the characteristics of this aerosol, namely its particle size distribution and concentration, were measured during five campaigns involving cereal crop growing, wine grape culture, and orcharding. the measurement method incorporated a tracer product (fluorescein) with the treatment product; the pesticide aerosol concentration was then deduced from the tracer concen ... | 2007 | 17487720 |
| influence of plant water status on the production of c13-norisoprenoid precursors in vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berries. | the influence of irrigation strategy on grape berry carotenoids and c13-norisoprenoid precursors was investigated for vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon. two irrigation treatments were compared, one in which vines received reduced irrigation applied alternately to either side of the vine (partial rootzone drying, prd) and a second control treatment in which water was applied to both sides of the vine. over the two years of the experiments, prd vines received on average 66% of the water app ... | 2007 | 17469842 |
| genotypic variability within tunisian grapevine varieties (vitis vinifera l.) facing bicarbonate-induced iron deficiency. | morpho-physiological responses to bicarbonate-induced fe deficiency were investigated in five vitis vinifera l. tunisian varieties (khamri, blanc3, arich dressé, beldi, and balta4). one-month-old woody cuttings were cultivated for 85days on a free calcareous soil irrigated with tap water containing increasing bicarbonate levels (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16mm nahco(3)). after this screening, a second experiment compared root biochemical responses of two contrasting genotypes (tolerant-sensitive) dealing ... | 2007 | 17468003 |
| loss of anthocyanins in red-wine grape under high temperature. | to determine the mechanism of inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation in the skin of grape berries due to high temperature, the effects of high temperature on anthocyanin composition and the responses in terms of gene transcript levels were examined using vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon. high temperature (maximum 35 degrees c) reduced the total anthocyanin content to less than half of that in the control berries (maximum 25 degrees c). hplc analysis showed that the concentrations of anth ... | 2007 | 17452755 |
| proteomic analysis reveals differences between vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay and cv. cabernet sauvignon and their responses to water deficit and salinity. | the impact of water deficit and salt stress on two important wine grape cultivars, chardonnay and cabernet sauvignon, was investigated. plants were exposed to increasing salinity and water deficit stress over a 16 d time period. measurements of stem water potentials, and shoot and leaf lengths indicated that chardonnay was more tolerant to these stresses than cabernet sauvignon. shoot tips were harvested every 8 d for proteomic analysis using a trichloroacetic acid/acetone extraction protocol an ... | 2007 | 17443017 |
| a genetic analysis of seed and berry weight in grapevine. | fruit size and seedlessness are highly relevant traits in many fruit crop species, and both are primary targets of breeding programs for table grapes. in this work we performed a quantitative genetic analysis of size and seedlessness in an f1 segregating population derived from the cross between a classical seeded (vitis vinifera l. 'dominga') and a newly bred seedless ('autumn seedless') cultivar. fruit size was scored as berry weight (bw), and for seedlessness we considered both seed fresh wei ... | 2006 | 17426772 |
| genetic diversity and geographical dispersal in grapevine clones revealed by microsatellite markers. | intravarietal genetic diversification associated with geographical dispersal of a vegetatively propagated species was studied using grapevine vitis vinifera l. 'cabernet sauvignon' as a model. fifty-nine clonal samples obtained from 7 countries (france, chile, spain, australia, hungary, usa, and italy) were analyzed using 84 microsatellite markers. eighteen polymorphic microsatellite loci (21.4%) were detected, finding 22 different genotypes in the population analyzed with a genetic similarity o ... | 2006 | 17426761 |
| influence of maceration temperature in red wine vinification on extraction of phenolics from berry skins and seeds of grape (vitis vinifera). | the extraction of phenolics from berry skins and seeds of the grape, vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon, during red wine maceration and the influence of different temperature conditions (cold soak and/or heating at the end of maceration) were examined. phenolics contained mainly in berry skins, viz., anthocyanin, flavonol, and epigallocatechin units within proanthocyanidins, were extracted during the early stage of maceration, whereas those in seeds, viz., gallic acid, flavan-3-ol monomers, a ... | 2007 | 17420579 |
| short day-photoperiod triggers and low temperatures increase expression of peroxidase rna transcripts and basic peroxidase isoenzyme activity in grapevine buds. | expression of peroxidase (prx) rna transcripts was studied in grapevine cv. thompson seedless through use of semi-quantitative rt-pcr. in roots, the three vitis vinifera prx ests, reported in the genomic facility database from the university of california (http://cgf.ucdavis.edu), were expressed as rna transcripts, and three prx isoenzymes, two basic (prxb1) and (prxb2) and a neutral prx isoenzyme (prxn1), were detected in root extracts. in buds, although one prx est (cb923206) was detected as a ... | 2007 | 17418877 |
| deficit irrigation promotes arbuscular colonization of fine roots by mycorrhizal fungi in grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) in an arid climate. | regulated deficit irrigation (rdi) is a common practice applied in irrigated vineyards to control canopy growth and improve fruit quality, but little is known of how imposed water deficits may alter root growth and colonization by beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (amf). thus, root growth and mycorrhizal colonization were determined throughout the growing season for 3 years in own-rooted, field-grown, 'cabernet sauvignon' grapevines exposed to three rdi treatments. vines under standard rdi ... | 2007 | 17404761 |
| extraction of polyphenols from white distilled grape pomace: optimization and modelling. | both ethanolic and aqueous extraction were carried out in a laboratory-scale vertical extractor to obtain polyphenols from distilled grape pomace of vitis vinifera var. "albariño". an experimental design was performed to analyse the effects of flow (2 ml/min and 4 ml/min) and temperature (40 degrees c and 50 degrees c). yields of polyphenolics from aqueous extraction were much higher (up to 30-fold) than those of ethanolic extraction, in contrast with previous results obtained by us from batch e ... | 2008 | 17391956 |
| [biology, thermal requirements and fertility life table of the broad mite polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) (acari: tarsonemidae) in grape (vitis vinifera l.) cv. italia]. | the mite polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks) constitutes one of the main pest of grape crop at the submédio são francisco valley. the objective of this work was to study the biology of the broad mite polyphagotarsonemus latus (banks), to determine its thermal requirements and its fertility life table in grape (vitis vinifera l.) cv. italy. acclimatized chambers (bod) were used, adjusted to the temperatures of 18, 22, 25, 28 and 32 degrees c, relative humidity of 65 +/- 10% and alternated light of ... | 2007 | 17352078 |
| proteome changes in leaves from grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) transformed for alcohol dehydrogenase activity. | a proteomic approach has been used to study changes in leaf protein content from plants transformed for alcohol dehydrogenase (adh) activity. individual quantitative analysis of 190-436 spots separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed, and spots displaying significant quantitative changes between control (c), sense (s), and antisense (r) transformants were selected using student's t test. of the 14 spots selected and further analyzed after trypsic digestion, 9 could be identified ... | 2007 | 17348683 |
| auxin synthesis-encoding transgene enhances grape fecundity. | grape (vitis vinifera) yield is largely dependent on the fecundity of the cultivar. the average number of inflorescences per shoot (i.e. shoot fruitfulness) is a trait related to fecundity of each grapevine. berry number and weight per bunch are other features affecting grape yield. an ovule-specific auxin-synthesizing (defh9-iaam) transgene that increases the indole-3-acetic acid content of grape transgenic berries was transformed into cultivars silcora and thompson seedless, which differ in th ... | 2007 | 17337528 |
| volatile components of grape pomaces from different cultivars of sicilian vitis vinifera l. | the volatile components of grape pomace coming from the processing of some of the most important varieties of grape (vitis vinifera l.) cultivated in sicily, namely nero d'avola, nerello mascalese, frappato and cabernet sauvignon, have been determined by gas-chromatography (gc) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). according to the winemaking procedure that entails the removal of stalks before fermentation, two kinds of grape pomace are obtained. the first consists of skins, pulp res ... | 2008 | 17321134 |
| white grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes. | most of the thousands of grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera l.) can be divided into two groups, red and white, based on the presence or absence of anthocyanin in the berry skin, which has been found from genetic experiments to be controlled by a single locus. a regulatory gene, vvmyba1, which could activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in a transient assay, was recently shown not to be transcribed in white berries due to the presence of a retrotransposon in the promoter. we have found that the berr ... | 2007 | 17316172 |
| identification of genes associated with flesh morphogenesis during grapevine fruit development. | fruit morphogenesis is a process unique to the angiosperms, and yet little is known about its developmental control. following fertilization, fruits typically undergo a dramatic enlargement that is accompanied by differentiation of numerous distinct cell types. to identify genes putatively involved in the early development of grapevine fruit, we used the fleshless berry mutant (vitis vinifera l. cv ugni blanc) that has dramatically reduced fruit size due to a lack of pericarp development. using ... | 2007 | 17268889 |
| flavonol profiles of vitis vinifera red grapes and their single-cultivar wines. | the main flavonols found in seven widespread vitis vinifera red grape cultivars include the 3-glucosides and 3-glucuronides of myricetin and quercetin and the 3-glucosides of kaempferol and isorhamnetin. in addition, the methoxylated trisubstituted flavonols, laricitrin and syringetin, were predominantly found as 3-glucosides. as minority flavonols, the results suggest the detection of the 3-galactosides of kaempferol and laricitrin, the 3-glucuronide of kaempferol, and the 3-(6' '-acetyl)glucos ... | 2007 | 17263504 |
| effect of soil type on wines produced from vitis vinifera l. cv. grenache in commercial vineyards. | in recent years, the wine industry has become increasingly interested in the influence of the terroir characteristics on the features of a wine and, in particular, the mechanisms by which a soil influences wine quality. among published papers on this topic, most merely describe the effect of the soil; few explain it. in this study were conducted a sensory evaluation and phenolic composition and stilbene concentration tests in order to analyze the effects of soil on wine. significant differences ... | 2007 | 17263474 |
| assessment of anthocyanins in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries using a noninvasive chlorophyll fluorescence method. | anthocyanins (anths) in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries harvested at véraison from pinot noir and pinot meunier cultivars were assessed nondestructively by measuring chlorophyll fluorescence (chlf) excitation spectra. with increasing anth content, less excitation light was transmitted to the deeper chl layers, and thus the chlf signal decreased proportionally. by applying beer-lambert's law, the logarithm of the ratio between the fluorescence excitation spectra (log fer) from a green and a red ... | 2007 | 17261018 |
| quantitative analysis of the phenotypic variability of shoot architecture in two grapevine (vitis vinifera) cultivars. | plant architecture and its interaction with agronomic practices and environmental constraints are determinants of the structure of the canopy, which is involved in carbon acquisition and fruit quality development. a framework for the quantitative analysis of grapevine (vitis vinifera) shoot architecture, based on a set of topological and geometrical parameters, was developed for the identification of differences between cultivars and the origins of phenotypic variability. | 2007 | 17204533 |
| headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography as a tool to define an index that establishes the retention capacity of the wine polymeric fraction towards ethyl esters. | a headspace-solid phase microextraction followed by gas chromatographic analysis (hs-spme-gc) was developed to be applied in the study of the interactions between the wine polymeric fraction and the ethyl esters: ethyl hexanoate, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl decanoate. wine models (wm) were prepared with 10% (v/v) aqueous ethanol at ph 3.5 with distinct wine polymeric concentrations prepared from white wine of vitis vinifera l. var. fernão-pires: 1.0 g l(-1) (pwm1), with a polymeric concentration ... | 2007 | 17196969 |
| effect of the herbicide flumioxazin on photosynthetic performance of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | among the herbicides used in vineyards, the pre-emergence soil-applied flumioxazin (fmx) is a recently used molecule that inhibits chlorophyll biosynthesis in weed species. the aim of this work is to further characterize the effects of fmx on the non-target grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) using cutting as a model. several photosynthesis parameters were estimated during 25 days after treatment with various fmx concentrations (from 0.5mm to 50mm). measuring chlorophyll fluorescence it ... | 2007 | 17184818 |
| lead, mercury, and nickel in grapevine, vitis vinifera l., in polluted and nonpolluted regions. | | 2006 | 17176992 |
| [impact of subculture cycles and inoculum sizes on suspension cultures of vitis vinifera]. | the commercial application of plant cell cultures is often hindered by the instability of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, where the metabolite yield fluctuates and decline dramatically over subcultures. this study proposed that such instability is due to the fluctuations of culture variables. to validate this hypothesis, the effects of the fluctuations of two culture variables (subculture cycle and inoculum size) on the biomass, anthocyanin biosynthesig, intracellular carbon, nitrogen and pho ... | 2006 | 17168324 |
| the ft/tfl1 gene family in grapevine. | the ft/tfl1 gene family encodes proteins with similarity to phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins which function as flowering promoters and repressors. we show here that the ft/tfl1 gene family in vitis vinifera is composed of at least five genes. sequence comparisons with homologous genes identified in other dicot species group them in three major clades, the ft, mft and tfl1 subfamilies, the latter including three of the vitis sequences. gene expression patterns are in agreement with a rol ... | 2007 | 17160562 |
| composition and cellular localization of tannins in cabernet sauvignon skins during growth. | for two successive years, cell walls were isolated from the internal part of skin cells of vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berries grown in a vineyard. procyanidin localization and composition were determined over the course of development. tannins were mainly localized in the inner cell fraction, due to their biosynthesis and storage. cell wall tannins always exhibited a higher mean degree of polymerization as compared to the internal cell fraction, which had a constant mdp. the ... | 2006 | 17147434 |
| water and salinity stress in grapevines: early and late changes in transcript and metabolite profiles. | grapes are grown in semiarid environments, where drought and salinity are common problems. microarray transcript profiling, quantitative reverse transcription-pcr, and metabolite profiling were used to define genes and metabolic pathways in vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon with shared and divergent responses to a gradually applied and long-term (16 days) water-deficit stress and equivalent salinity stress. in this first-of-a-kind study, distinct differences between water deficit and salinit ... | 2007 | 17136344 |
| accumulation of tocopherols and tocotrienols during seed development of grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. albert lavallée). | tocopherols and tocotrienols are present in mature seeds. yet, little is known about the physiological role and the metabolism of these compounds during seed development. here we present data on tocopherol and tocotrienol accumulation during seed development in vitis vinifera l. cv. albert lavallée (royal). this species was chosen for its ability to synthesize both tocopherols and tocotrienols. it is shown here for the first time that during seed development there are significant differences in ... | 2017 | 17110122 |
| an optimized grapevine rna isolation procedure and statistical determination of reference genes for real-time rt-pcr during berry development. | accuracy in quantitative real-time rt-pcr is dependent on high quality rna, consistent cdna synthesis, and validated stable reference genes for data normalization. reference genes used for normalization impact the results generated from expression studies and, hence, should be evaluated prior to use across samples and treatments. few statistically validated reference genes have been reported in grapevine. moreover, success in isolating high quality rna from grapevine tissues is typically limitin ... | 2006 | 17105665 |
| extraction of polyphenols from vine shoots of vitis vinifera by superheated ethanol-water mixtures. | a study of the nonvolatile fraction of extracts from vine shoots obtained by superheated ethanol-water mixtures is presented. the influence of the temperature, extraction time, and percentage of ethanol on extraction was investigated by a multivariate experimental design to maximize the yield of total phenolic compounds, measured by using the folin-ciocalteu method. the best values found for these variables were 80% (v/v) ethanol, 240 degrees c, and 60 min. under these conditions, the effect of ... | 2006 | 17090121 |
| direct in situ measurement of cell turgor in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries during development and in response to plant water deficits. | vitis vinifera l. berries are non-climacteric fruits that exhibit a double-sigmoid growth pattern, and at the point known as 'veraison', which is just before the beginning of the second period of rapid fruit growth, these berries undergo several abrupt physiological changes. cell pressure probe was used to examine the in situ turgor (p) of cells in the mesocarp during berry development and in response to plant water deficits. initial tests comparing attached and detached berries demonstrated tha ... | 2006 | 17087481 |
| mercury hinders recovery of shoot hydraulic conductivity during grapevine rehydration: evidence from a whole-plant approach. | this experiment aimed to test whether recovery of shoot hydraulic conductivity after drought depends on cellular metabolism in addition to xylem hydraulics. we rehydrated droughted grapevines (vitis vinifera) after treating intact plants through the root with 0.5 mm mercuric chloride (a metabolic inhibitor) at the end of the stress period, before rehydration. the contribution of mercury-inhibited water transport in both shoot and root, and the extent of shoot vessel embolization, were assessed. ... | 2006 | 17083677 |
| pruning-induced tylose development in stems of current-year shoots of vitis vinifera (vitaceae). | tyloses form in xylem vessels in response to various environmental stimuli, but little is known of the kinetics or regulation of their development. preliminary investigations indicated that wounds seal quickly with tyloses after pruning of grapevine shoots. in this study, tylose development was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively at different depths and times from pruning cuts along current-year shoots of grapevines at basal, middle, and apical stem regions. tyloses developed simultaneousl ... | 2006 | 21642102 |
| effect of shading on accumulation of flavonoid compounds in (vitis vinifera l.) pinot noir fruit and extraction in a model system. | accumulation and compositional changes of flavonols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins were measured in vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir in shaded and exposed treatments. in addition, extraction of these compounds into a model wine solution was measured. the study was conducted in a commercial vineyard within a uniform zone of relatively low vigor vines. light exclusion boxes were installed on pairs of clusters on the same shoot (shaded treatment), and a second set of clusters on an adjacent s ... | 2006 | 17061828 |
| [effect of homogeneity on cell growth and anthocyanin biosynthesis in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera]. | the instability of secondary metabolite production is a ubiquitous problem in plant cell culture. to understand the instability, the investigation of anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera, as a model system, has been initiated in our laboratory. suspension culture of a relatively homogeneous cell line e of v. vinifera, was established by long-term cell line selection by anthocyanin content differentiation. the aggregate size of e was smaller than that of other cell li ... | 2006 | 17037206 |
| exploring thermal imaging variables for the detection of stress responses in grapevine under different irrigation regimes. | temperatures of leaves or canopies can be used as indicators of stomatal closure in response to soil water deficit. in 2 years of field experiments with grapevines (vitis vinifera l., cvs castelão and aragonês), it was found that thermal imaging can distinguish between irrigated and non-irrigated canopies, and even between deficit irrigation treatments. average canopy temperature was inversely correlated with stomatal conductance measured with a porometer. variation of the distribution of temper ... | 2007 | 17032729 |
| multiple origins of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l. ssp. sativa) based on chloroplast dna polymorphisms. | the domestication of the eurasian grape (vitis vinifera ssp. sativa) from its wild ancestor (vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) has long been claimed to have occurred in transcaucasia where its greatest genetic diversity is found and where very early archaeological evidence, including grape pips and artefacts of a 'wine culture', have been excavated. whether from transcaucasia or the nearby taurus or zagros mountains, it is hypothesized that this wine culture spread southwards and eventually westwa ... | 2006 | 17032268 |
| metabolite profiling of grape: flavonols and anthocyanins. | flavonols are products of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway, which also give rise to anthocyanins and condensed tannins in grapes. we investigated their presence in the berry skins of 91 grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.), in order to produce a classification based on the flavonol profile. the presence of laricitrin 3-o-galactoside and syringetin 3-o-galactoside in red grapes is reported here for the first time. in red grapes, the main flavonol was quercetin (mean = 43.99%), followed by myrice ... | 2006 | 17002441 |
| survey of grapevine vitis vinifera stem polyphenols by liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry. | grapes and red wine prepared from vitis vinifera l. contain a variety of polyphenols. some information is available about the polyphenols of the seeds and leaves of grapevine, but considerably less is known about the polyphenols of woody stems. in this paper, we describe the results of a study of polyphenolic compounds in grapevine stems. we demonstrate how a combination of reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet-diode array detection and electrospray ionization-ta ... | 2006 | 17002412 |
| rate of degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl in grapes (vitis vinifera l.). | rates of degradation of lambda-cyhalothrin and methomyl residues in grape are reported. the dissipation behavior of both insecticides followed first-order rate kinetics with similar patterns at standard and double-dose applications. residues of lambda-cyhalothrin were lost with pre-harvest intervals (phi) of 12.0-12.5 and 15.0-15.5 days, corresponding to the applications at 25 and 50 g a.i. ha-1, respectively. in the case of methomyl, residues were lost with phi of 55.0 and 61.0 days, following ... | 2006 | 16982521 |
| use of thermal and visible imagery for estimating crop water status of irrigated grapevine. | achieving high quality wine grapes depends on the ability to maintain mild to moderate levels of water stress in the crop during the growing season. this study investigates the use of thermal imaging for monitoring water stress. experiments were conducted on a wine-grape (vitis vinifera cv. merlot) vineyard in northern israel. irrigation treatments included mild, moderate, and severe stress. thermal and visible (rgb) images of the crop were taken on four days at midday with a flir thermal imagin ... | 2007 | 16968884 |
| steroids versus other immune modulators in the management of allergic dermatoses. | the classic role of topical and systemic corticosteroids for allergic dermatoses is discussed, with special attention to the impact on the current clinical treatment paradigm by newer systemic and topical therapies. these products are reviewed and recommendations presented on how to effectively assimilate them into clinical practice. | 2006 | 16954788 |
| aging effect on the pigment composition and color of vitis vinifera l. cv. tannat wines. contribution of the main pigment families to wine color. | red wines made from vitis vinifera l. cv. tannat grapes are known to possess high contents of tannins and intense color, features that are responsible for the originality of these wines. this work aimed to study the evolution of the pigment composition and cielab color parameters as tannat wines become older, as well as to establish the contribution to wine color of the main pigment families. tannat wines produced in uruguay from grapes of the same vineyard in six consecutive vintages (1998-2003 ... | 2006 | 16939328 |
| ultrastructure and germination of vitis vinifera cv. loureiro pollen. | the cultivar loureiro of vitis vinifera is one of the most economically important, recommended in almost the totality of the região demarcada dos vinhos verdes. in vineyards, the grape productivity of this cultivar is normal while in others it is extremely low. the aim of this work was to study the morphology and germination of vitis vinifera cv. loureiro pollen with high and low productivity. the pollen grain was examined under light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. typically v. ... | 2006 | 16937066 |
| somatic chimerism, genetic inheritance, and mapping of the fleshless berry (flb) mutation in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | the fleshless berry (flb) mutation of grapevine (vitis vinifera l. 'ugni blanc') impairs the differentiation and division of inner mesocarp cells responsible for flesh in grapevine berries. in order to study the inheritance of the mutation and to map the flb locus, 5 segregating populations were created. progeny plants were classified as mutant or wild type by scoring for the presence of an ovary phenotype associated with the flb- phenotype at anthesis. phenotypic segregation revealed the involv ... | 2006 | 16936780 |
| two new grape cultivars, bud sports of cabernet sauvignon bearing pale-coloured berries, are the result of deletion of two regulatory genes of the berry colour locus. | bud sports are infrequent changes in phenotype affecting shoots of woody perennials but the molecular basis of these mutations has rarely been identified. in this report, we show that the bronze-coloured berries of the malian cultivar, a documented bud sport of the wine grape cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.), lack anthocyanins in the subepidermal cells compared to the red/black berried cabernet sauvignon in which both the epidermis and several subepidermal cell layers contain anthocyanin. ... | 2006 | 16932847 |
| sequence analysis and transcriptional profiling of two vacuolar h+ -pyrophosphatase isoforms in vitis vinifera. | gene expression of grapevine vacuolar h(+)-pyrophosphatase (v-ppase ec 3.6.1.1.) during fruit ripening has previously been reported. here we report on putative multiple v-ppase isoforms in grapevine. in this study a full-length cdna sequence with an open reading frame of 2,295 nucleotides encoding a v-ppase gene (vpp2: acc. nr. aj557256) was cloned. sequence analyses of the deduced amino acid residues and rt-pcr experiments indicated that vitis vinifera l. has at least two distinct isoforms of t ... | 2006 | 16924561 |
| historical origins and genetic diversity of wine grapes. | the genomic resources that are available to the grapevine research community have increased enormously during the past five years, in parallel with a renewed interest in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) germplasm resources and analysis of genetic diversity in grapes. genetic variation, either natural or induced, is invaluable for crop improvement and understanding gene function, and the same is true for the grapevine. the history and vineyard cultural practices have largely determined the genetic d ... | 2006 | 16872714 |
| quantification of abscisic acid in grapevine leaf (vitis vinifera) by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. | a specific, sensitive, precise, and accurate method for the determination of abscisic acid (aba) in grapevine leaf tissues is described. the method employs high-performance liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (lc-esi-ms) in selected ion monitoring mode (sim) to analyze aba using a stable isotope-labeled aba as an internal standard. absolute recoveries ranged from 72% to 79% using methanol/water ph 5.5 (50:50 v/v) as an extraction solvent. the best efficiency was o ... | 2006 | 16868725 |
| ripening grape berries remain hydraulically connected to the shoot. | berry diameter was monitored during dry-down and rewatering cycles and pressurization of the root system of vitis vinifera (cv. merlot) and vitis labruscana (cv. concord) to test changes in xylem functionality during grape ripening. prior to veraison (onset of ripening), berries maintained their size under declining soil moisture until the plants had used 80% of the transpirable soil water, began to shrink thereafter, and recovered rapidly after rewatering. by contrast, berry diameter declined s ... | 2006 | 16868045 |
| influence of different phenolic copigments on the color of malvidin 3-glucoside. | the effectiveness of seven phenolic compounds (catechin, epicatechin, procyanidin b2, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, myricitrin, and quercitrin) as copigments of malvidin 3-glucoside, the major anthocyanin in red wines from vitis vinifera, using a copigment/pigment molar ratio of 1:1 was assayed in model wine solutions under the same conditions (ph=3.6, 12% ethanol). the stability of the copigment-pigment complexes formed was studied during a storage period of 60 days at 25 degrees c. tristimulu ... | 2006 | 16848527 |
| argentinean cultivars of vitis vinifera grow better than european ones when cultured in vitro under salinity. | argentinean vitis vinifera cultivars although originated from europe, have clear ampelographic and genotypic differences as compared with the european cultivars currently used in wine making. in vitro evaluation of salt tolerance has been used in many species. our hypothesis was that argentinean cultivars are more tolerant to salinity than european ones. three european cultivars, malbec, cabernet sauvignon and chardonnay and four argentincan cultivars, cereza, criolla chica, pedro gimcnez and to ... | 2006 | 16845822 |
| simulated digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder: polyphenolic content and antioxidant properties. | there is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events. plant preparations have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species. flavans and procyanidins are bioavailable and stable during the process of cooking. this study used conditions that mimicked digestion of vitis vinifera seed powder in the stomach (acidic preparation) and small intestine (neutral preparation). the flavonoids of these two preparat ... | 2006 | 16787037 |
| time course of the evolution of malic and lactic acids in the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation of grape must by quantitative 1h nmr (qhnmr) spectroscopy. | quantitative nmr can be used to monitor several processes that take place in the transformation of the must of wine grapes. the study described here focused attention on monitoring of the malic and lactic acid levels during the alcoholic and malolactic fermentation processes. the method allows the simultaneous quantification of both acids through a range of 1-3.2 mmol/l. the effectiveness of each process was assessed and compared by carrying out precise analyses using enzymatic methods. | 2006 | 16787019 |
| pathways of glucose regulation of monosaccharide transport in grape cells. | grape (vitis vinifera) heterotrophic suspension-cultured cells were used as a model system to study glucose (glc) transport and its regulation. cells transported d-[14c]glc according to simple michaelis-menten kinetics superimposed on first-order kinetics. the saturating component is a high-affinity, broad-specificity h+ -dependent transport system (km = 0.05 mm). glc concentration in the medium tightly regulated the transcription of vvht1 (vitis vinifera hexose transporter 1), a monosaccharide ... | 2006 | 16766675 |