| assessment of quality parameters in grapes during ripening using a miniature fiber-optic near-infrared spectrometer. | changes in the chemical properties of wine grapes during ripening were studied using near-infrared (nir) spectroscopy. a miniature fiber-optic nir spectrometer system working in transmission mode in the spectral region (700 - 1,060 nm) was evaluated for this purpose. spectra and analytical data were used to develop partial least square calibration models to quantify changes in the major parameters used to chart ripening in this fruit. nir spectroscopy provided excellent precision for soluble sol ... | 2009 | 19626519 |
| does night-time transpiration contribute to anisohydric behaviour in a vitis vinifera cultivar? | the hypothesis that vines of the semillon wine grape variety show anisohydric behaviour was tested, i.e. that tissue hydration is unstable under fluctuating environmental conditions. stomatal conductance and transpiration rates from leaves were measured during the day and at night. leaf water potential (psi(l)) in semillon was negatively correlated to vapour pressure deficit (vpd) both predawn and during the day. furthermore, psi(l) fell to significantly lower values than in any of the nine othe ... | 2009 | 19584116 |
| ontology-oriented retrieval of putative micrornas in vitis vinifera via grapemirna: a web database of de novo predicted grape micrornas. | two complete genome sequences are available for vitis vinifera pinot noir. based on the sequence and gene predictions produced by the iasma, we performed an in silico detection of putative microrna genes and of their targets, and collected the most reliable microrna predictions in a web database. the application is available at http://www.itb.cnr.it/ptp/grapemirna/. | 2009 | 19563653 |
| treatment of pruritus in mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis with a topical non-steroidal agent. | atopiclair (zarzenda) is a topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of allergic diseases of the skin. three main ingredients are contained in this product: glycyrrhetinic acid, telmesteine and vitis vinifera extracts. other ingredients include: allantoin, alpha-bisabolol, capryloyl glycine, hyaluronic acid, shea butter and tocopheryl acetate. two previous randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled clinical studies provided evidence that atopiclair is effective in the tre ... | 2009 | 19537379 |
| transport and accumulation of flavonoids in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | flavonoids are a group of secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants that represent a huge portion of the soluble phenolics present in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). these compounds play different physiological roles and are often involved in protection against biotic and abiotic stress. even if the flavonoid biosynthetic pathways have been largely characterized, the mechanisms of their transport and accumulation in cell wall and vacuole are still not completely understood. this review a ... | 2008 | 19513253 |
| gene loss under neighborhood selection following whole genome duplication and the reconstruction of the ancestral populus genome. | we develop criteria to detect neighborhood selection effects on gene loss following whole genome duplication, and apply them to the recently sequenced poplar (populus trichocarpa) genome. we improve on guided genome halving algorithms so that several thousand gene sets, each containing two paralogs in the descendant t of the doubling event and their single ortholog from an undoubled reference genome r, can be analyzed to reconstruct the ancestor a of t at the time of doubling. at the same time, ... | 2009 | 19507287 |
| vvco and vvcol1, two constans homologous genes, are regulated during flower induction and dormancy in grapevine buds. | two previously uncharacterized vitis vinifera constans-like genes (vvco, vvcol1), which are predicted to encode proteins with homology to members of the arabidopis constans family, were identified. under controlled conditions, both genes show a diurnal expression pattern with peak at dawn. during grapevine bud development, vvcol1 is mainly expressed in dormancy, suggesting a participation in the transcriptional photoperiod control of bud dormancy induction and maintenance in this species. on the ... | 2009 | 19495771 |
| the ubiquitin extension protein s27a is differentially expressed in developing flower organs of thompson seedless versus thompson seeded grape isogenic clones. | in vitis vinifera l. cv. thompson seedless, fertilization occurs but seeds abort, a type of stenospermocarpy. to clone transcripts with differential expression during flower development, suppressive subtractive hybridization was carried out using two isogenic clones 'thompson seedless' and 'thompson seeded', at three stages of inflorescence development (from bud break to ~20 days prior to anthesis). differential screening and sequencing of a forward and reverse subtractive cdna library yielded s ... | 2009 | 19479258 |
| cloning and characterization of small non-coding rnas from grape. | small non-coding rnas, including micrornas (mirnas) and small interfering rnas (sirnas), are effectors of regulatory pathways underlying plant development, metabolism, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. to address the nature and functions of these regulators in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), we have produced a small rna library from mixed-stage grape berries. thirteen conserved mirnas belonging to nine mirna families, a non-conserved mirna, and four putative non-conserved mirnas were ... | 2009 | 19453456 |
| polyamine anabolic/catabolic regulation along the woody grapevine plant axis. | the distribution of the endogenous pa fractions throughout the entire perennial woody grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) plant was studied, along with the expression profiles of the pa anabolic and catabolic genes and their substrates and secondary metabolites. putrescine fractions increased with increasing leaf age, although the expression of its biosynthetic enzymes arg and orn decarboxylases decreased. orn transport from young organs dramatically enhanced putrescine biosynthesis in older tissues, ... | 2009 | 19450900 |
| differential regulation of serk, lec1-like and pathogenesis-related genes during indirect secondary somatic embryogenesis in grapevine. | a culture model was developed in vitis vinifera l., cultivar 'chardonnay' for studying se (somatic embryogenesis). the auxin 2,4-d (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) was used to induce indirect secondary embryogenesis at a high rate, starting from embryos derived from embryogenic cultures previously obtained. cotyledonary embryos were shown to be more responsive to se induction than embryos at the torpedo-stage and were used for molecular analyses. the expression of serk (somatic embryogenesis rec ... | 2009 | 19406655 |
| ultrastructural study of archaeological vitis vinifera l. seeds using rapid-freeze fixation and substitution. | the ultrastructure of vitis vinifera seeds from different archaeological sites was studied. preservation status differed between sites. preliminary investigations of grape seeds from poggio bacherina (chianciano terme, siena) and miranduolo (chiusdino, siena) showed collapsed or charred tegument, making this material suitable for morphometric studies only. rapid-freeze fixation and substitution of grape seeds from shahr-i sokhta in iran and via de' castellani in florence revealed well preserved ... | 2009 | 19406448 |
| optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds, antioxidants, and anthocyanins from grape (vitis vinifera) seeds. | important functional components from campbell early grape seed were extracted by ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) technology. the experiments were carried out according to a five level, three variable central composite rotatable design (ccrd). the best possible combinations of ethanol concentration, extraction temperature, and extraction time with the application of ultrasound were obtained for the maximum extraction of phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities, and anthocyanins from grape ... | 2009 | 19405527 |
| investigations on the leaf surface ultrastructure in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) by scanning microscopy. | several scanning microscopy techniques were used to investigate the leaf surface ultrastructure in the local "razegui" grapevine cultivar (vitis vinifera l.). conventional scanning electron microscopy performed on glutaraldehyde-fixed samples allowed observation of well-preserved epidermal cells with an overlaying waxy layer. at a high magnification, the waxy layer exhibited crystalline projections in the form of horizontal and vertical platelets. also, to avoid eventual ultrastructural alterati ... | 2017 | 19402121 |
| seasonal pattern of apoplastic solute accumulation and loss of cell turgor during ripening of vitis vinifera fruit under field conditions. | using a novel pressure membrane (pm) apparatus for the extraction of apoplastic fluid from field-grown grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries, our hypothesis that significant apoplast solutes accumulate at the beginning of the ripening process (i.e. veraison), and that this accumulation might contribute to progressive berry softening due to a progressive loss of mesocarp cell turgor pressure (p) was tested. it was necessary to correct the solute potential (psi(s)) of fluid collected with the pm for d ... | 2009 | 19386616 |
| the bouquet of grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon) flowers arises from the biosynthesis of sesquiterpene volatiles in pollen grains. | terpenoid volatiles are important information molecules that enable pollinators to locate flowers and may protect reproductive tissues against pathogens or herbivores. inflorescences of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) are composed of tiny green flowers that produce an abundance of sesquiterpenoid volatiles. we demonstrate that male flower parts of grapevines are responsible for sesquiterpenoid floral scent formation. we describe temporal and spatial patterns of biosynthesis and release of floral v ... | 2009 | 19359488 |
| grape and wine proteins: their fractionation by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and identification by chromatographic and proteomic analysis. | a method to fractionate grape and wine proteins by hydrophobic interaction chromatography (hic) was developed. this method allowed the isolation of a thaumatin-like protein in a single step with high yield and >90% purity and has potential to purify several other proteins. in addition, by separating hic fractions by reverse phase hplc and by collecting the obtained peaks, the grape juice proteins were further separated, by sds-page, into 24 bands. the bands were subjected to nanolc-ms/ms analysi ... | 2009 | 19354294 |
| proteomic and selected metabolite analysis of grape berry tissues under well-watered and water-deficit stress conditions. | in order to investigate the unique contribution of individual wine grape (vitis vinifera) berry tissues and water-deficit to wine quality traits, a survey of tissue-specific differences in protein and selected metabolites was conducted using pericarp (skin and pulp) and seeds of berries from vines grown under well-watered and water-deficit stress conditions. of 1047 proteins surveyed from pericarp by 2-d page, 90 identified proteins showed differential expression between the skin and pulp. of 69 ... | 2009 | 19343710 |
| a double mutation in the anthocyanin 5-o-glucosyltransferase gene disrupts enzymatic activity in vitis vinifera l. | the inability of most european grapevines ( vitis vinifera ) to produce 3,5-di-o-glucosides of anthocyanidin-3-o-glucosides while in other vitis species diglucosides are found has long been used as a diagnostic tool for the classification of wines according to their varietal origin. a functional 5-o-glucosyltransferase (5gt) gene and its nonfunctional allele were recently cloned from the heterozygous hybrid cultivar 'regent'. protein sequence comparison revealed only five amino acid substitution ... | 2009 | 19338353 |
| color recovery in berries of grape (vitis vinifera l.) 'benitaka', a bud sport of 'italia', is caused by a novel allele at the vvmyba1 locus. | color mutations in grape berry skin are relatively frequent events, and can be easily seen in the vineyard. both light-red-skinned 'ruby okuyama' and more intense and uniform rosy-skinned 'benitaka' (vitis vinifera l.) are bud sports of white-skinned 'italia'. previously, we reported that 'ruby okuyama' was caused by the recovery of vvmyba1 expression, which may have occurred as a result of intra-ltr (long terminal repeat) recombination within a retrotransposon, gret1. however, the molecular bas ... | 2009 | 26493136 |
| evolution of volatile compounds during the development of cabernet sauvignon grapes (vitis vinifera l.). | the evolution of volatile compounds was explored in grape berries at fortnightly intervals from fruit-set to late ripening to identify when biosynthetic pathways may be targeted for enhancement of grape and wine aroma. stepwise linear discriminant analysis (slda) fully recognized patterns in berry physiological developmental stages with most of the variance (>99.0%) explained. the preveraison berry developmental stage was identified as a transition stage for volatile compound biosynthesis when m ... | 2009 | 19309150 |
| comparison of phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols during wine fermentation of grapes with different harvest times. | to explore the effects of harvest time on phenolic compounds during wine fermentation, grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. vidal) were harvested at 17.5, 22.8 and 37.2 masculine brix and were used to make dry wine, semi-sweet wine and icewine with low alcohol levels, respectively. phenolic acids and flavan-3-ols were assayed during the fermentation of wines by means of reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). the results showed that concentrations of most of the phenolic ... | 2009 | 19255542 |
| preparative purification of antiamyloidogenic stilbenoids from vitis vinifera (chardonnay) stems by centrifugal partition chromatography. | five stilbenoids, e-resveratrol, e-piceatannol, (+) e-(epsilon)-viniferin, (+)-ampelopsin a and vitisin c were isolated from methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe) stem extract of vitis vinifera (chardonnay cv). their purification on a preparative scale was obtained by centrifugal partition chromatography (cpc) using quaternary arizona solvent systems composed of n-heptane/ethyl acetate/methanol/water. we tested 23 arizona solvent systems to partition the extract and found that systems k and m (hept/eto ... | 2009 | 19249252 |
| photoperiod modifies the diurnal expression profile of vvphya and vvphyb transcripts in field-grown grapevine leaves. | despite the crucial role that phytochromes (phys) play in light perception and in the entrainment of the circadian clock to local time, the photoperiodic regulation of phya and phyb gene expression has been poorly studied, especially in woody perennials. here the dynamic of vitis vinifera phya (vvphya) and phyb (vvphyb) transcript accumulation was studied in field-grown grapevine leaves throughout daily cycles under decreasing natural photoperiods. given that in grapevine the entrance of buds in ... | 2009 | 19232775 |
| colloidal competences of any polyethyleneglycol conjugates. | the present paper presents research rely on the knowledge of basic colloidal competences (surface tension, critical micelar concentration, hlb value) of certain new structured lipids by accessing "homogeneous" polyoxyethylene chains (n=3-18) (pegn) monoderivatized r(nf; eh) during processing by cyanoethylation, hydrolysis, and esterification together with fatty acids (r') isolated and characterized from grape seeds (vitis vinifera) (s), wild chestnut (aesculus hyppocastanum) (ca), wild rose (ros ... | 2008 | 19226821 |
| genetic diversity in somatic mutants of grape (vitis vinifera) cultivar italia based on random amplified polymorphic dna. | random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers were used to detect polymorphism and to examine relationships among four table grape clones from northwestern paraná, in southern brazil. the 10 primers used for rapd fingerprints generated 126 reproducible fragments, of which 63, 68, 76, and 72 were polymorphic in cultivars italia, rubi, benitaka, and brasil, respectively. among the primers, opp-08 generated the highest number of fragments, whereas ope-15 was the most efficient for discriminating ... | 2009 | 19224464 |
| oriented responses of grapevine moth larvae lobesia botrana to volatiles from host plants and an artificial diet on a locomotion compensator. | larvae of the grapevine moth lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) are a major pest of vine, vitis vinifera. as larvae have limited energy reserves and are in danger of desiccation and predation an efficient response to plant volatiles that would guide them to food and shelter could be expected. the responses of starved 2nd or 3rd instar larvae to volatile emissions from their artificial diet and to single host plant volatiles were recorded on a locomotion compensator. test products were ad ... | 2009 | 19192482 |
| towards a systems-based understanding of plant desiccation tolerance. | vegetative desiccation tolerance occurs in a unique group of species termed 'resurrection plants'. here, we review the molecular genetic, physiological, biochemical, ultrastructural and biophysical studies that have been performed on a variety of resurrection plants to discover the mechanisms responsible for their tolerance. desiccation tolerance in resurrection plants involves a combination of molecular genetic mechanisms, metabolic and antioxidant systems as well as macromolecular and structur ... | 2009 | 19179102 |
| electrically assisted extraction of soluble matter from chardonnay grape skins for polyphenol recovery. | the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) and high-voltage electrical discharges (hved) application on the efficiency of aqueous extraction of total soluble matter and polyphenols from grape skins ( vitis vinifera l.) at different temperatures within 20-60 degrees c. the highest level of polyphenol concentration c was reached after about 60 min of extraction for hved treatment: c(hved) = 21.4 +/- 0.8 micromol of gallic acid equivalent (gae)/g of dr ... | 2009 | 19173604 |
| generation of a predicted protein database from est data and application to itraq analyses in grape (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon) berries at ripening initiation. | itraq is a proteomics technique that uses isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation of tryptic peptides. in proteomics experiments, the detection and high confidence annotation of proteins and the significance of corresponding expression differences can depend on the quality and the species specificity of the tryptic peptide map database used for analysis of the data. for species for which finished genome sequence data are not available, identification of proteins relies on similarity ... | 2009 | 19171055 |
| review of the pharmacological effects of vitis vinifera (grape) and its bioactive compounds. | vitis vinifera, known as the grapevine, is native to southern europe and western asia. grape seed and skin contain several active components including flavonoids, polyphenols, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, procyanidines, and the stilbene derivative resveratrol. grape seed extract in particular has been reported to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic effects such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities, as well as having cardioprotective, hepat ... | 2009 | 19140172 |
| involvement of phospholipase d in the low temperature acclimation-induced thermotolerance in grape berry. | both phospholipase d (pld, ec 3.1.4.4) and salicylic acid (sa) play important roles in response to external stimulation and activating defense system in plants. however, roles of the two signals in plants during the development of thermotolerance induced by low temperature acclimation remain unclear. in the experiment presented in the paper, grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) were pretreated at 8 degrees c for 3h and then transferred to 45 degrees c for heat stress. compared with t ... | 2009 | 19138860 |
| leucoanthocyanidin reductase and anthocyanidin reductase gene expression and activity in flowers, young berries and skins of vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet-sauvignon during development. | proanthocyanidins, or condensed tannins, are crucial polyphenolic compounds for grape and wine quality. recently, significant advances were achieved in understanding the biosynthesis of their main subunits: (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin, produced by catalysis of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (lar) and anthocyanidin reductase (anr), respectively. expression studies had been published but no data were available on enzyme activity. in our work, we devised assays to measure lar and anr activity an ... | 2009 | 19136268 |
| vitisin a suppresses lps-induced no production by inhibiting erk, p38, and nf-kappab activation in raw 264.7 cells. | vitisin a, a resveratrol tetramer isolated from vitis vinifera roots, exhibits antioxidative, anticancer, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects. it also inhibits nitric oxide (no) production. here, we examined the mechanism by which vitisin a inhibits no production in lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced raw 264.7 macrophage cells. vitisin a dose dependently inhibited lps-induced no production and inducible no synthase (inos) expression. in contrast, the production of proinflammatory cytokine ... | 2009 | 19135555 |
| post-veraison sunlight exposure induces myb-mediated transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and flavonol synthesis in berry skins of vitis vinifera. | anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols are the three major classes of flavonoid compounds found in grape berry tissues. several viticultural practices increase flavonoid content in the fruit, but the underlying genetic mechanisms responsible for these changes have not been completely deciphered. the impact of post-veraison sunlight exposure on anthocyanin and flavonol accumulation in grape berry skin and its relation to the expression of different transcriptional regulators known to be involv ... | 2009 | 19129169 |
| grape extract improves antioxidant status and physical performance in elite male athletes. | excessive physical exercise overproduces reactive oxygen species. even if elite sportsmen increase their antioxidant status by regular physical training, during the competition period, this improvement is not sufficient to limit free radical production which could be detrimental to the body. the aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, and crossover study on 20 elite sportsmen (handball = 10, basketball = 5, sprint = 4, and volleyball = 1) during the competition period was to de ... | 2009 | 24150013 |
| recent amplification and impact of mites on the genome of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | miniature inverted-repeat transposable elements (mites) are a particular type of defective class ii transposons present in genomes as highly homogeneous populations of small elements. their high copy number and close association to genes make their potential impact on gene evolution particularly relevant. here, we present a detailed analysis of the mite families directly related to grapevine "cut-and-paste" transposons. our results show that grapevine mites have transduplicated and amplified gen ... | 2009 | 20333179 |
| effects of elevated co2 on grapevine (vitis vinifera l.): volatile composition, phenolic content, and in vitro antioxidant activity of red wine. | the impact of elevated carbon dioxide concentration ([co2]) on the quality of berries, must, and red wine (with special reference to volatile composition, phenolic content, and antioxidant activity) made from touriga franca, a native grape variety of vitis vinifera l. for port and douro wine manufacturing grown in the demarcated region of douro, was investigated during 2005 and 2006. grapevines were grown either in open-top chambers (otc) with ambient (365 +/- 10 ppm) or elevated (500 +/-16 ppm) ... | 2009 | 19072054 |
| flavonol 3-o-glycosides series of vitis vinifera cv. petit verdot red wine grapes. | petit verdot grape skins by solid-phase extraction using a combination of reverse-phase and ion-exchanging materials. this procedure allowed us to separate a fraction of anthocyanin-free flavonol 3-o-glycosides that was further split into neutral and acidic subfractions, thus facilitating flavonol identification. by means of semipreparative reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, we isolated several of these flavonol 3-o-glycosides for structural elucidation. the identification of ... | 2009 | 19061313 |
| wound-induced vascular occlusions in vitis vinifera (vitaceae): tyloses in summer and gels in winter1. | vascular occlusion in xylem conduits is a common response to environmental stresses, and plant species are recognized as primarily tylose-forming or gel-forming. these stresses occur throughout the year, but there is little information on the wound responses throughout the year and in growing and dormant tissues. wound-induced vascular occlusions were evaluated by type (tylose or gel), temporal progress, and spatial distribution for grape stems pruned in four seasons through an entire year. tylo ... | 2008 | 21628157 |
| ripening and genotype control stilbene accumulation in healthy grapes. | in grapes, stilbene synthesis occurs in the skin, and it is induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. to date, experimental evidence of a constitutive production of resveratrols in healthy grape is scarce and not conclusive. the aim of the present work was to investigate stilbene biosynthesis in healthy grapes both at biochemical and molecular levels. by measuring the concentration of resveratrols in ripe berries of 78 vitis vinifera varieties for 3 years, we could identify significant differences ... | 2008 | 19032022 |
| effect of greek raisins (vitis vinifera l.) from different origins on gastric cancer cell growth. | currants and sultanas (vitis vinifera l.) are dried vine products produced in greece and used broadly in the mediterranean diet. we aimed to investigate the gastric cancer preventive activity of methanol extracts obtained from currants from three different origins in greece (vostizza, nemea, and messinia) as well as methanol extracts obtained from sultanas cultivated in the island of crete as to inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of inflammation. all extract ... | 2008 | 19005979 |
| botryticides affect grapevine leaf photosynthesis without inducing defense mechanisms. | the effects of the two botryticides, fludioxonil (fdx) and fenhexamid (fhd), were investigated on grapevine leaves (vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir) following photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. treatments were carried out in vineyard at the end of flowering. phytotoxicity of both fungicides was evaluated by measuring variations of leaf photosynthetic parameters and correlated expression of photosynthesis-related genes. results demonstrated that similar decrease in photosynthesis was caused ... | 2009 | 19002490 |
| a grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) deoxy-d: -xylulose synthase gene colocates with a major quantitative trait loci for terpenol content. | linalool, geraniol, nerol, citronellol and alpha-terpineol are isoprenoid molecules responsible for specific aromas found in grapes and wines. total concentrations (free and bound forms) of these compounds were measured in the skins of mature berries during 2 successive years in two progenies obtained from muscat ottonel and gewurztraminer selfings. partial genetic maps based on microsatellite markers were constructed and several quantitative trait loci (qtls) related to terpenol content were de ... | 2009 | 19002427 |
| supercritical fluid extraction of resveratrol from grape skin of vitis vinifera and determination by hplc. | supercritical fluid extraction of resveratrol from grape skin of vitis vinifera was studied. extraction variables such pressure, modifier concentration (ethanol), and extraction time were optimised. final extraction conditions were: 40 degrees c, 150 bar, 7.5% ethanol and extraction time 15 min. extraction recovery and precision (variation coefficient between 0.2 and 1.0%) were calculated. the resveratrol content in the ethanolic extract was determined by hplc with uv detection at 306 nm. acetic ... | 2001 | 18968296 |
| effects of cluster light exposure on 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine accumulation and degradation patterns in red wine grapes ( vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet franc). | the effects of light exposure on 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (ibmp) accumulation and degradation in vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet franc berries were assessed by comparison of shaded and exposed clusters within the same vine throughout a growing season. twenty-seven vines were shoot-thinned to create regions of high and low cluster-light exposure within each vine. samples were collected at 10 time points starting from 5 to 130 days postbloom. the experimental design allowed for intravine compar ... | 2008 | 18942833 |
| degradation kinetics and safety evaluation of buprofezin residues in grape (vitis vinifera l.) and three different soils of india. | this work was undertaken to determine the preharvest interval (phi) of buprofezin to minimize its residues in grapes and thereby ensure consumer safety and avoid possible non-compliance in terms of residue violations in export markets. furthermore, the residue dynamics in three grapevine soils of india was explored to assess its environmental safety. | 2009 | 18942051 |
| mitochondrial dna of vitis vinifera and the issue of rampant horizontal gene transfer. | the mitochondrial genome of grape (vitis vinifera), the largest organelle genome sequenced so far, is presented. the genome is 773,279 nt long and has the highest coding capacity among known angiosperm mitochondrial dnas (mtdnas). the proportion of promiscuous dna of plastid origin in the genome is also the largest ever reported for an angiosperm mtdna, both in absolute and relative terms. in all, 42.4% of chloroplast genome of vitis has been incorporated into its mitochondrial genome. in order ... | 2009 | 18922764 |
| rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry for determination and quantitation of polyphenols in grape berries. | a rapid-resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (rrlc/ms) method for detection and quantitation of polyphenols in grape berry skins and seeds has been developed. pulp-free berry skins were treated with liquid nitrogen and ground; seeds were also ground. then, 3 g of samples were extracted with 30 ml of a mixture of methanol/water/formic acid 70:30:1 (v/v/v) under sonication and 1 microl of the final extract was injected into two 100 x 2.1 mm i.d., 1.8 microm zorbax eclipse plus c18 c ... | 2008 | 18819110 |
| neutral invertases in grapevine and comparative analysis with arabidopsis, poplar and rice. | neutral invertases (nis, ec 3.2.1.26) cleave sucrose to glucose and fructose. they are encoded by a small gene family of 9 members in the arabidopsis genome, 8 in rice, 16 in poplar and 9 in vitis vinifera (l.). the grapevine nis were identified in the 8.4x genome assembly of the quasi-homozygous line pn40024. in addition, alleles of three nis were sequenced in the heterozygous cultivar 'cabernet sauvignon'. analyses of sequence variation between alleles, homoeologous and paralogous copies in gr ... | 2008 | 18800225 |
| mesocarp cell turgor in vitis vinifera l. berries throughout development and its relation to firmness, growth, and the onset of ripening. | vitis vinifera l. berries are non-climacteric fruit that exhibit a double sigmoid growth pattern and dynamic changes in gene expression, cell metabolism, and water relations at the onset of ripening. the cell-pressure probe was utilized to examine the relationships of turgor pressure (p) in mesocarp cells to growth, sugar accumulation, and fruit softening during development. in replications utilizing three different varieties, mesocarp cell p demonstrated a consistent pattern of a relative mid-r ... | 2008 | 18797922 |
| expression of stilbene synthase gene in transgenic tomato using salicylic acid-inducible cre/loxp recombination system with self-excision of selectable marker. | a plant transformation vector, pclkscla25 (eu327498), was developed to contain eight cloning sites and the inducible self-excision system which provided an effective approach to eliminate the selectable marker gene(s) from transgenic plants. upon induction by salicylic acid, the cre gene produced a recombinase that eliminated sequences encoding the selectable marker neomycin phosphotransferase and cre itself. the excision efficiency was 41% in transgenic tomato regenarants. the stilbene synthase ... | 2009 | 18792793 |
| berry integrity and extraction of skin and seed proanthocyanidins during red wine fermentation. | in this study, microscale fermentations were conducted on vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot. five treatments were established varying from 0-100% crushed fruit (25% increments x 5 replicates). caps were kept submerged throughout the experiment, and fermentation temperatures were maintained at 25 degrees c. samples were collected throughout fermentation and from the free run and press wine at the time of pressing. proanthocyanidins were determined by acid-catalyzed depolymerization in the presence of ... | 2008 | 18788747 |
| identification and quantification of phenolic compounds in grapes by hplc-pda-esi-ms on a semimicro separation scale. | reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) on a semimicro separation scale was employed to develop a straightforward method for the simultaneous separation, identification, and quantification of phenolic compounds occurring in whole berries of vitis vinifera, which comprise phenolic acids, flavonols, catechins, stilbenes, and anthocyanins. a c-18 narrow bore column of 150 x 2.0 mm i.d. and a semimicro photodiode array detector (pda) cell of 2.5 microl, in conjunction with a ... | 2008 | 18781764 |
| anthocyanins and flavan-3-ols from grapes and wines of vitis vinifera cv. cesanese d'affile. | the objective of the present study was to evaluate the amount of some potential health-promoting phenols in the grape of vitis vinifera cv. cesanese d'affile and in wines made from these grapes. the analyses were performed using hplc/dad/ms. the accumulation of anthocyanins in the skin and flavan-3-ols in the seed was determined at different stages of ripening of the grape (i.e. green, veraison, middle stage of ripening, and complete ripening). thirteen anthocyanins were identified in the skin a ... | 2008 | 18780243 |
| characterization of vvserk1, vvserk2, vvserk3 and vvl1l genes and their expression during somatic embryogenesis of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | little is known about the genes expressed during grapevine somatic embryogenesis. both groups of somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase (serk) and leafy cotyledon (lec and l1l) genes seem to play key roles during somatic embryogenesis in various plant species. therefore, we identified and analysed the sequences of vvserk and vvl1l (leafy cotyledon1-like) genes. the deduced amino acid sequences of vvserk1, vvserk2 and vvserk3 are very similar to that of registered serk proteins, with highest homol ... | 2008 | 18766346 |
| chlorophyll fluorescence imaging for the noninvasive assessment of anthocyanins in whole grape (vitis vinifera l.) bunches. | the distribution of anthocyanins in grape (vitis vinifera l.) bunches from the sangiovese cultivar was measured nondestructively by chlorophyll fluorescence imaging using two excitation light bands at 550 and 650 nm in sequence. the pixel intensity in the derived logarithm of the fluorescence excitation ratio image was directly related, by an exponential function (r2 = 0.93), to the anthocyanin concentration of berry extracts. the method will be useful for the assessment of the heterogeneity of ... | 2008 | 18764900 |
| an abscisic acid-related reduced transpiration promotes gradual embolism repair when grapevines are rehydrated after drought. | * proposed mechanisms of embolism recovery are controversial for plants that are transpiring while undergoing cycles of dehydration and rehydration. * here, water stress was imposed on grapevines (vitis vinifera), and the course of embolism recovery, leaf water potential (psi(leaf)), transpiration (e) and abscisic acid (aba) concentration followed during the rehydration process. * as expected, psi(leaf) and e decreased upon water stress, whereas xylem embolism and leaf aba concentration increase ... | 2008 | 18700860 |
| effect of postharvest dehydration on the composition of pinot noir grapes (vitis vinifera l.) and wine. | this study was conducted in order to improve our understanding of how phenolics and aroma compounds change in wine grapes during postharvest dehydration. pinot noir grapes grown in the willamette valley of oregon were harvested at 22.0 and 24.0°brix. grapes harvested at 22.0°brix were divided into three equal lots with one lot immediately used for wine production, and the remaining two lots placed inside an air tunnel with an air speed of 1.0-1.8ms(-1), 38% relative humidity and a temperature of ... | 2008 | 26049988 |
| trans-resveratrol: a magical elixir of eternal youth? | trans-resveratrol or (e)-resveratrol [3,4',5 trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, t-resv or (e)-resv] is a natural component of vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae), abundant in the skin of grapes (but not in the flesh) and in the leaf epidermis and present in wines (especially red wines). in in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo experiments, t-resv exhibits a number of biological activities, including anti inflammatory, antioxidant, platelet antiaggregatory and anticarcinogenic properties, and modulation of lipoprotein ... | 2008 | 18691046 |
| pharmacometrics of stilbenes: seguing towards the clinic. | stilbenes are small molecular weight (approximately 200-300 g/mol), naturally occurring compounds and are found in a wide range of plant sources, aromatherapy products, and dietary supplements. these molecules are synthesized via the phenylpropanoid pathway and share some structural similarities to estrogen. upon environmental threat, the plant host activates the phenylpropanoid pathway and stilbene structures are produced and subsequently secreted. stilbenes act as natural protective agents to ... | 2006 | 18666380 |
| structural evidence for the inhibition of grape dihydroflavonol 4-reductase by flavonols. | dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (dfr) is a key enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which catalyses the nadph-dependent reduction of 2r,3r-trans-dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins. the latter are the precursors of anthocyans and condensed tannins, two major classes of phenolic compounds that strongly influence the organoleptic properties of wine. dfr has been investigated in many plant species, but little was known about its structural properties until the three-dimensional structure of ... | 2008 | 18645237 |
| gene expression analyses in individual grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries during ripening initiation reveal that pigmentation intensity is a valid indicator of developmental staging within the cluster. | asynchronous ripening of individual grape berries within clusters can lead to inconsistent organoleptic characteristics for wine making. ripening initiation in grape berries is non-climacteric and not well understood at the molecular level. evidence is lacking for a single master switch controlling this process, such as the established role for ethylene in climacteric fruit ripening. we used affymetrix microarray analyses of 32 individual vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon berries sampled fro ... | 2008 | 18642093 |
| the herbicide flumioxazin stimulates pathogenesis-related gene expression and enzyme activities in vitis vinifera. | in this work, the capacity of the soil-applied herbicide flumioxazin (fmx) to trigger defence mechanisms was assessed using 6-week-old in vitro grown vitis vinifera l. plantlets. time-course studies demonstrated that the herbicide induced the expression of basic beta-1,3-glucanase (vvglu), basic chitinase (vvchit1b) and pr10 (vvpr10.3) genes encoding three pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins involved in grapevine defence against pathogens. thus, all transcripts accumulated in grapevine tissues to ... | 2008 | 18636988 |
| optimization of solid-liquid extraction of resveratrol and other phenolic compounds from milled grape canes (vitis vinifera). | optimization of the solid-liquid extraction conditions for trans-resveratrol, trans--viniferin, ferulic acid, and total phenolics from milled grape canes has been investigated. the temperature and ethanol concentration were found to be major process variables for all responses, whereas the solvent to solid ratio was found not to be significant for any of the responses studied. the yields of trans-resveratrol, trans--viniferin, and total phenolics increased with increasing temperature. maximum yi ... | 2008 | 18636680 |
| variation in dna methylation patterns of grapevine somaclones (vitis vinifera l.). | in traditional vine areas, the production should present a typicity that partly depends on the grapevine variety. therefore, vine improvement is considered difficult because of the limited choice in the natural variability of the cultivars within the limits of their characteristics. a possibility to circumvent this problem is the use of somatic variability. in vitro somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis can lead to genotypic and phenotypic variations, described as somaclonal variation, that co ... | 2008 | 18627604 |
| differences in odor-active compounds of trincadeira wines obtained from five different clones. | odorant compounds of five young clonal red wines made from cv. trincadeira, a native grape variety of vitis vinifera l. grown in portugal, were studied using 2001 and 2003 vintages. the study was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) for compound identification and the gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) posterior intensity method to detect the potentially most important aroma compounds. forty-one odorant peaks were detected by gc-o analysis, from which 31 were identi ... | 2008 | 18627166 |
| study of polyphenol content in the seeds of red grape (vitis vinifera l.) varieties cultivated in turkey and their antiradical activity. | the polyphenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the seeds of 11 red grape varieties (five international and six native) widely cultivated in turkey were investigated. total phenolic, total flavanol and total polymeric procyanidin content ranged from 79.2 to 154.6, 89.2 to 179.4, and 27.0 to 43.3mg/g seed, respectively. while (+)-catechin (4.71-23.8mg/g seed) was found as main flavanol, galloylated catechin monomer and dimeric procyanidin amounts varied between 2.89-17.2 and 0.97-2.97mg/g se ... | 2008 | 26003368 |
| localization of stilbene synthase in vitis vinifera l. during berry development. | the localization of stilbene synthase (sts) (ec 2.3.1.95) in grape berry (vitis vinifera l.) was investigated during fruit development. the berries were collected at 2, 4, 7, 11, and 15 weeks postflowering from the cultivar nebbiolo during the 2005 and 2006 growing seasons. high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that berries accumulated cis- and trans-isomers of resveratrol mainly in the exocarp throughout fruit development. immunodetection of sts protein was performed on berry e ... | 2008 | 18615235 |
| [identification and characterization of "rd22" dehydration responsive gene in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.)]. | to identify and isolate genes related to abiotic stresses (salinity and drought) tolerance in grapevine, a candidate gene approach was developed and allowed isolating a full-length cdna of rd22 gene from the cabernet sauvignon variety. the latter, named vvrd22, is a dehydration-responsive gene that is usually induced by the application of exogenous aba. details of the physicochemical parameters and structural properties (molecular mass, secondary structure, conserved domains and motives, putativ ... | 2008 | 18606386 |
| validation of an extraction method on whole pericarp of grape berry (vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz) to study biochemical and molecular aspects of flavan-3-ol synthesis during berry development. | an extraction method on grape berry was optimized for the total flavan-3-ol content measurement with regard to the nature of the sample and the duration of its extraction. this extraction was performed for the first time on the whole pericarp. flavan-3-ol extractions were achieved on shiraz ripe samples of pericarp versus skin within different durations: the best results were obtained for the whole pericarp and 1 h duration. therefore, this more convenient protocol was used to investigate the fl ... | 2008 | 18582087 |
| simultaneous separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral identification of anthocyanins and flavonols in shiraz grape skin. | a limitation of large-scale viticultural trials is the time and cost of comprehensive compositional analysis of the fruit by high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). in addition, separate methods have generally been required to identify and quantify different classes of metabolites. to address these shortcomings a reversed-phase hplc method was developed to simultaneously separate the anthocyanins and flavonols present in grape skins. the method employs a methanol and water gradient acidif ... | 2008 | 18573501 |
| assessing the impact of temperature on grape phenolic metabolism. | this study assessed the impact of fruit temperature on the phenolic metabolism of grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot) grown under field conditions with controlled exposure to sunlight. individual cluster temperatures were manipulated in situ. diurnal temperature fluctuation was damped by daytime cooling and nighttime heating of clusters. daytime-only and nighttime-only temperature controls were applied for comparison. berry temperatures were recorded continuously to compare the chemical ... | 2008 | 18573371 |
| effect of micro-oxygenation on color and anthocyanin-related compounds of wines with different phenolic contents. | several factors may affect the results obtained when micro-oxygenation is applied to red wines, the most important being the moment of application, the doses of oxygen, and the wine phenolic characteristics. in this study, three red wines, made from vitis vinifera var. monastrell (2005 vintage) and with different phenolic characteristics, were micro-oxygenated to determine as to how this technique affected the formation of new pigments in the wines and their chromatic characteristics. the result ... | 2008 | 18558704 |
| a physical map of the heterozygous grapevine 'cabernet sauvignon' allows mapping candidate genes for disease resistance. | whole-genome physical maps facilitate genome sequencing, sequence assembly, mapping of candidate genes, and the design of targeted genetic markers. an automated protocol was used to construct a vitis vinifera 'cabernet sauvignon' physical map. the quality of the result was addressed with regard to the effect of high heterozygosity on the accuracy of contig assembly. its usefulness for the genome-wide mapping of genes for disease resistance, which is an important trait for grapevine, was then ass ... | 2008 | 18554400 |
| grape berry plasma membrane proteome analysis and its differential expression during ripening. | high purity berry plasma membranes (pms) of vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon were isolated by two-phase partitioning of microsome fractions at different stages of berry ripening. pm proteins resolvable by the detergent cocktail of chaps and asb-14 were separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis. a total of 119 protein spots from pre-véraison berry pms on 2-d gels detected with silver staining were subjected to maldi-tof mass spectrometry analysis. sixty-two spots were identified as put ... | 2008 | 18550598 |
| evaluation of polyphenol composition in red leaves from different varieties of vitis vinifera. | in order to evaluate sustainable sources of high-quality pharmaceutical starting material, a comparative study of 135 samples of red vine leaves of different origin was conducted to determine flavonol, anthocyanin and polyphenol contents. total flavonol content was found to be between 0.6 % and 3.5 %, anthocyanin content between 0.2 % and 1.45 % and polyphenol content between 4.6 % and 18.9 %. the results are discussed in view of published data on red vine leaf components. in order to define the ... | 2008 | 18543154 |
| identification of volatile compounds responsible for prune aroma in prematurely aged red wines. | the premature aging of red vitis vinifera l. wines is mainly associated with the formation of an intense off-flavor reminiscent of prunes. the compounds responsible for this deterioration in red wine flavor have not previously been identified. sensory descriptive analysis associated with a gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) technique was first performed to find characteristic odoriferous zones of 15 aged red wines with or without a marked prune aroma. afterward, high-pressure liquid chromato ... | 2008 | 18540625 |
| pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase in the developing grape skin. | ripening of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berry immediately precedes harvesting and the evolution of the skin tissue is important as it contains the key compounds for wine quality. grape softening is thought to result from extensive cell wall modifications that occur during ripening. these modifications result from the activity of different cell wall-modifying enzymes. two of the most significant pectin-degrading enzymes are pectin methylesterase (ec 3.1.1.11) and polygalacturonase (ec 3.2.1.15). in ... | 2008 | 18513987 |
| sugars and flowering in the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | sugars play an important role in grapevine flowering. this complex process from inflorescence initiation to fruit maturity takes two growing seasons. currently, most of the available data concern the involvement of sugars as energy sources during the formation of reproductive structures from initiation of inflorescences during the summer of the first year, until flower opening during the following spring. sugars devoted to the development of reproductive structures are supplied either by wood re ... | 2008 | 18508810 |
| the protection of polyunsaturated fatty acids in micellar systems against uvb-induced photo-oxidation by procyanidins from vitis vinifera l., and the protective synergy with vitamin e. | the protective effect of procyanidins (catechin oligomers) from vitis vinifera seeds on the uvb-promoted photo-oxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (pufas) (linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acids, 35 mm) has been studied in 0.5 mm sodium dodecylsulfate micelles exposed to uvb radiation (1-8 j cm-2) and determined qualitatively by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir) and quantitatively by uv spectroscopy (conjugated dienes and total lipid hydroperoxides). procyanidins (1-10 mu ... | 1998 | 18505504 |
| a reference integrated map for cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) from three crosses, based on 283 ssr and 501 snp-based markers. | we have developed an integrated map from five elite cultivars of vitis vinifera l.; syrah, pinot noir, grenache, cabernet sauvignon and riesling which are parents of three segregating populations. a new source of markers, snps, identified in ests and unique bac-end sequences was added to the available iggp reference set of ssrs. the complete integrated map comprises 1,134 markers (350 aflp, 332 bess, 169 ests, 283 ssrs) spanning 1,443 cm over 19 linkage groups and shows a mean distance between n ... | 2008 | 18504538 |
| molecular characterization and expression analysis of the rab gtpase family in vitis vinifera reveal the specific expression of a vvraba protein. | as a first step to investigate whether rab gtpases are involved in grape berry development, the vitis vinifera est and gene databases were searched for members of the vvrab family. the grapevine genome was found to contain 26 vvrabs that could be distributed into all of the eight groups described in the literature for model plants. genetic mapping was successfully performed; vvrabs were mostly located on independent chromosomes, apart from eight that were located on the as yet unassigned portion ... | 2008 | 18499650 |
| surprising structural lability of a cysteine-s-conjugate precursor of 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one, a varietal aroma in wine of vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc. | 4-methyl-4-sulfanylpentan-2-one (1; 4msp) provides a characteristic aroma compound of wines made from vitis vinifera l. cv. sauvignon blanc. 4msp has a strong box-tree odor with a very low perception threshold and is derived from the cysteinylated precursor s-(1,1-dimethyl-3-oxobutyl)cysteine (4; p-4msp). p-4msp is transformed into 4msp during alcoholic fermentation and is an excellent marker of varietal aroma potential. an improved synthesis of p-4msp as well as of its deuterium-labeled analogu ... | 2008 | 18493966 |
| comparative expression profiling in grape (vitis vinifera) berries derived from frequency analysis of ests and mpss signatures. | vitis vinifera (v. vinifera) is the primary grape species cultivated for wine production, with an industry valued annually in the billions of dollars worldwide. in order to sustain and increase grape production, it is necessary to understand the genetic makeup of grape species. here we performed mrna profiling using massively parallel signature sequencing (mpss) and combined it with available expressed sequence tag (est) data. these tag-based technologies, which do not require a priori knowledge ... | 2008 | 18474095 |
| free radical scavenging of grape pomace extracts from cabernet sauvingnon (vitis vinifera). | pressed grape pomace obtained from the wine production of cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera) vintage was dried until 9.8% moisture content, ground and submitted to extraction of soluble components from different extraction techniques. low pressure extractions were performed with ethanol maceration followed by fractionation with n-hexane, dichloromethane, butanol and ethyl acetate. these solvents were furthermore applied for soxhlet extraction. supercritical fluid extraction (sfe) was also perfo ... | 2008 | 18445523 |
| the peripheral xylem of grapevine (vitis vinifera). 1. structural integrity in post-veraison berries. | during the development of many fleshy fruits, water flow becomes progressively more phloemic and less xylemic. in grape (vitis vinifera l.), the current hypothesis to explain this change is that the tracheary elements of the peripheral xylem break as a result of berry growth, rendering the xylem structurally discontinuous and hence non-functional. recent work, however, has shown via apoplastic dye movement through the xylem of post-veraison berries that the xylem should remain structurally intac ... | 2008 | 18440931 |
| the peripheral xylem of grapevine (vitis vinifera) berries. 2. anatomy and development. | it has been hypothesized that the substantial reductions in xylemic water flow occurring at veraison are due to physical disruption (breaking) of the xylem as a result of renewed berry growth. in a companion paper, evidence was presented that the vast majority of xylem tracheary elements remained intact despite the growth of the berry, and it was proposed that existing tracheary elements stretch to accommodate growth and that additional elements may also differentiate after veraison. measurement ... | 2008 | 18440930 |
| cellular expansion and gene expression in the developing grape (vitis vinifera l.). | expression profiles of genes involved in cell wall metabolism and water transport were compared with changes in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berry growth, basic chemical composition, and the shape, size, and wall thickness of cells within tissues of the berry pericarp. expression of cell wall-modifying and aquaporin genes in berry pericarp tissues generally followed a bimodal expression profile with high levels of expression coinciding with the two periods of rapid berry growth, stages i and iii, a ... | 2008 | 18421552 |
| berry and phenology-related traits in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.): from quantitative trait loci to underlying genes. | the timing of grape ripening initiation, length of maturation period, berry size and seed content are target traits in viticulture. the availability of early and late ripening varieties is desirable for staggering harvest along growing season, expanding production towards periods when the fruit gets a higher value in the market and ensuring an optimal plant adaptation to climatic and geographic conditions. berry size determines grape productivity; seedlessness is especially demanded in the table ... | 2008 | 18419811 |
| phenolic composition in grape (vitis vinifera l. cv. malbec) ripened with different solar uv-b radiation levels by capillary zone electrophoresis. | the responses of vitis vinifera l. cv. malbec to different solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b) levels were assessed in two contrasting situations, under sunlight with full uv-b (+uv-b) and filtered uv-b (-uv-b), in three different locations at 500, 1000, and 1500 m above sea level (asl). to evaluate the effects of radiation, a simple, accurate, and rapid method for the separation and simultaneous determination of representative phenolic compounds in grape berry skins by capillary zone electroph ... | 2008 | 18412357 |
| influence of intra-shoot trophic competition on shoot development in two grapevine cultivars (vitis vinifera). | the effect of trophic competition between vegetative sources and reproductive sinks on grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) shoot development was analyzed. two international cultivars (grenache n and syrah) grown in pots, which were well watered, were studied. a large range of trophic competition levels was obtained by modifying the cluster loads per plant. an analytical breakdown of the branching system was used to analyze the effects of trophic competition. phytomer production on the primary axis and ... | 2008 | 18399930 |
| construction of nested genetic core collections to optimize the exploitation of natural diversity in vitis vinifera l. subsp. sativa. | the first high quality draft of the grape genome sequence has just been published. this is a critical step in accessing all the genes of this species and increases the chances of exploiting the natural genetic diversity through association genetics. however, our basic knowledge of the extent of allelic variation within the species is still not sufficient. towards this goal, we constructed nested genetic core collections (g-cores) to capture the simple sequence repeat (ssr) diversity of the grape ... | 2008 | 18384667 |
| pesticide residues in grapes from vineyards included in integrated pest management in slovenia. | although the list of pesticides used in integrated pest management (ipm) in grape growing and their annual application rates are limited, we are still confronted with the problem of pesticide residues in grapes. this paper presents the results of pesticide monitoring of 47 samples of wine grapes (vitis vinifera l.) from the 2006 vintage from vineyards included in ipm. the grape samples were analysed for the presence of 67 pesticides. among them 20 were allowed in ipm in 2006. grapes were sampled ... | 2008 | 18348043 |
| a grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) genetic map integrating the position of 139 expressed genes. | grapevine molecular maps based on microsatellites, aflp and rapd markers are now available. ssrs are essential to allow cross-talks between maps, thus upgrading any growing grapevine maps. in this work, single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were developed from coding sequences and from unique bac-end sequences, and nested in a ssr framework map of grapevine. genes participating to flavonoids metabolism and defence, and signal transduction pathways related genes were also considered. primer pair ... | 2008 | 18347774 |
| alterations of flavonoid biosynthesis in young grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves, flowers, and berries induced by the dioxygenase inhibitor prohexadione-ca. | prohexadione-ca is a structural mimic of 2-oxoglutarate, and according to this property, it is able to inhibit dioxygenase enzymes, which require 2-oxoglutarate as a cosubstrate. such enzymes are involved in flavonoid biosynthesis; therefore, prohexadione-ca treatment leads to alterations in the flavonoid metabolism in grapevine tissues. because of the fact that phenolic compounds often are responsible for enhanced plant resistance, modification of phenylpropanoid metabolism using elicitation ca ... | 2008 | 18335993 |
| genomic amplification of the gret1 retroelement in white-fruited accessions of wild vitis and interspecific hybrids. | retrotransposons are retrovirus-related mobile sequences that have the potential to replicate via rna intermediates and increase the genome size by insertion into new sites. the retroelement, gret1, has been identified as playing a key role in generating fruit color variation in cultivated grape (vitis vinifera l.) due to its insertion into the promoter of vvmyba1. fruit color variation is an important distinguishing feature of cultivated grapes and virtually no fruit color variation is observed ... | 2008 | 18335200 |
| fruit ripening in vitis vinifera: apoplastic solute accumulation accounts for pre-veraison turgor loss in berries. | in vitis vinifera l. berries, the onset of ripening (known as "veraison") involves loss of turgor (p) in the mesocarp cells. we hypothesized that p loss was associated with an accumulation of apoplastic solutes in mesocarp tissue prior to veraison. apoplastic sap was extracted from the mesocarp by centrifugation at the appropriate gravity to measure the apoplast solute potential (psi (s) (a) ) and assay the sap composition. the psi (s) (a) was about -0.2 mpa early in development, decreased about ... | 2008 | 18317799 |
| vitisexpdb: a database resource for grape functional genomics. | the family vitaceae consists of many different grape species that grow in a range of climatic conditions. in the past few years, several studies have generated functional genomic information on different vitis species and cultivars, including the european grape vine, vitis vinifera. our goal is to develop a comprehensive web data source for vitaceae. | 2008 | 18307813 |
| effect of methyl jasmonate in combination with carbohydrates on gene expression of pr proteins, stilbene and anthocyanin accumulation in grapevine cell cultures. | grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is subject to a number of diseases which affect yield and wine quality. after veraison, berries become strongly susceptible to pathogens due to different physiological changes including the accumulation of glucose and fructose, on the one hand, and to the decrease of anti-microbial compounds called stilbenes, on the other. to obtain berry protection, pesticides are excessively used leading to important cost to the grower and to undesirable environmental impact of th ... | 2008 | 18294857 |