| structure elucidation of peonidin 3,7-o-β-diglucoside isolated from garnacha tintorera (vitis vinifera l.) grapes. | red wines made from garnacha tintorera grapes (also known as alicante bouschet and one of the few so-called teinturier vitis vinifera grape cultivars, because its berry flesh is also red-colored) are usually blended with other red wines as a natural way for enhancing the color intensity of red wines. the phenolic composition of garnacha tintorera grapes showed already described interesting features such as the occurrence of unusual anthocyanins (pelargonidin-based anthocyanins and a peonidin dih ... | 2010 | 20866031 |
| parental relationships among three grape varieties studied by maldi of grape seed protein profiles. | two raboso cultivars, i.e. raboso veronese and raboso piave, are two black vitis vinifera varieties. a genetic study suggested that raboso veronese is the progeny of a spontaneous cross between raboso piave and marzemina bianca cultivars. parental relationships are usually investigated by genetic studies, which are effective to establish genetic links among different cultivars. considering that proteome is the genome expression, in this article we evaluated the power of seed protein profiles obt ... | 2010 | 20862730 |
| seasonal changes of whole root system conductance by a drought-tolerant grape root system. | the role of root systems in drought tolerance is a subject of very limited information compared with above-ground responses. adjustments to the ability of roots to supply water relative to shoot transpiration demand is proposed as a major means for woody perennial plants to tolerate drought, and is often expressed as changes in the ratios of leaf to root area (a(l):a(r)). seasonal root proliferation in a directed manner could increase the water supply function of roots independent of total root ... | 2011 | 20851906 |
| the dynamics of embolism repair in xylem: in vivo visualizations using high-resolution computed tomography. | water moves through plants under tension and in a thermodynamically metastable state, leaving the nonliving vessels that transport this water vulnerable to blockage by gas embolisms. failure to reestablish flow in embolized vessels can lead to systemic loss of hydraulic conductivity and ultimately death. most plants have developed a mechanism to restore vessel functionality by refilling embolized vessels, but the details of this process in vessel networks under tension have remained unclear for ... | 2010 | 20841451 |
| identification of putative stage-specific grapevine berry biomarkers and omics data integration into networks. | the analysis of grapevine (vitis vinifera) berries at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic levels can provide great insight into the molecular events underlying berry development and postharvest drying (withering). however, the large and very different data sets produced by such investigations are difficult to integrate. here, we report the identification of putative stage-specific biomarkers for berry development and withering and, to our knowledge, the first integrated systems-level ... | 2010 | 20826702 |
| simultaneous hplc-dad-ms (esi+) determination of structural and geometrical isomers of carotenoids in mature grapes. | carotenoids are uniquely functional polyene pigments ubiquitous in nature; aside from being responsible for the color of a wide variety of vegetables, interest is being focused on food carotenoids due to their likely health benefits. from analytical point of view, it is important to unequivocally identify individual carotenoid compounds in many food stuffs. therefore, isolation of standards from natural sources must be encouraged for accurate identifications. like many fruits, mature grape berri ... | 2010 | 20814906 |
| stilbene production in cell cultures of vitis vinifera l. cvs red globe and michele palieri elicited by methyl jasmonate. | cell cultures obtained from vitis vinifera cvs michele palieri and red globe were cultured in order to stimulate stilbene production. in the calli, stilbene production peaked at day 22 of culture for both cultivars; the main compound was trans-piceid, followed by cis-piceid. methyl jasmonate, which was added to cell suspensions in the first half of the exponential growth phase, enhanced stilbene accumulation, producing mainly trans-piceid and epsilon-viniferin. other stilbenoids, though in lower ... | 2010 | 20812136 |
| dige analysis of proteome changes accompanying large resveratrol production by grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. gamay) cell cultures in response to methyl-β-cyclodextrin and methyl jasmonate elicitors. | we had previously shown that vitis vinifera cv. gamay cell suspension accumulates extracellularly large amounts of the phytoalexin trans-resveratrol (tr) in response to elicitation with methylated cyclodextrins (mbcd), which can be triplicated when the elicitor is combined with methyl jasmonate (meja). in parallel, new pathogenesis-related proteins accumulated in the apoplast-like extracellular space. the aim of this study was to investigate changes in the grapevine cell proteome potentially rel ... | 2011 | 21426946 |
| molecular, genetic and transcriptional evidence for a role of vvagl11 in stenospermocarpic seedlessness in grapevine. | stenospermocarpy is a mechanism through which certain genotypes of vitis vinifera l. such as sultanina produce berries with seeds reduced in size. stenospermocarpy has not yet been characterized at the molecular level. | 2011 | 21447172 |
| diurnal cycles of embolism formation and repair in petioles of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. chasselas). | the impact of water deficit on stomatal conductance (g(s)), petiole hydraulic conductance (k(petiole)), and vulnerability to cavitation (plc, percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity) in leaf petioles has been observed on field-grown vines (vitis vinifera l. cv. chasselas). petioles were highly vulnerable to cavitation, with a 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at a stem xylem water potential (ψ(x)) of -0.95 mpa, and up to 90% loss of conductivity at a ψ(x) of -1.5 mpa. k(petiole) described a d ... | 2011 | 21447755 |
| increasing sucrose concentrations promote phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in grapevine cell cultures. | vitis vinifera cell suspensions are a suitable model system to study the metabolic regulation of a large range of high valuable polyphenols that are important in understanding the physiology of the plant and for nutraceutical, pharmaceutical and medical purposes. increasing sucrose concentrations were found to promote cell growth and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in grape cell cultures obtained from cv. barbera immature berries. this led to an intracellular accumulation and/or release into the me ... | 2011 | 20810189 |
| offline combination of pressurized fluid extraction and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for antioxidant activity of grape skin extracts assessment. | a comprehensive characterization of grape skin methanolic and ethanolic extracts prepared by pressurized fluid extraction (pfe) at various temperatures within 40 to 120°c from two wine grape varieties, st. laurent and alibernet was performed. for the first time, an offline combination of pfe and electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy together with other experimental methods was employed to assess the effect of extraction conditions on numerous extract characteristics including antiox ... | 2010 | 20810124 |
| nmr metabolomics of esca disease-affected vitis vinifera cv. alvarinho leaves. | esca is a destructive disease that affects vineyards leading to important losses in wine production. information about the response of vitis vinifera plants to this disease is scarce, particularly concerning changes in plant metabolism. in order to study the metabolic changes in vitis plants affected by esca, leaves from both infected and non-affected cordons of v. vinifera cv. alvarinho (collected in the vinho verde region, portugal) were analysed. the metabolite composition of leaves from infe ... | 2010 | 20709726 |
| characterization and differentiation of monovarietal grape pomace distillate from native varieties of galicia. | monovarietal grape pomace distillates (orujo) of six native varieties of vitis vinifera l. from galicia (albarino, treixadura, godello, loureira, dona branca, and torrontes) have been thoroughly analyzed considering esters, alcohols, major aldehydes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, norisoprenoids, and diterpenes. albarino and loureira distillates showed similar profiles of terpenic compounds, with the loureira products having higher contents of monoterpenols. native torrontes distillate from galic ... | 2010 | 20707339 |
| a putative new ampelovirus associated with grapevine leafroll disease. | a putative new ampelovirus was detected in vitis vinifera cv. carnelian showing mild leafroll symptoms and molecularly characterized. the complete genome consisted of 13,625 nt and had a structure similar to that of members of subgroup i in the genus ampelovirus (fam. closteroviridae). in-depth analyses showed that the virus from cv. carnelian is the most distinct member of the "glrav-4 lineage" of ampeloviruses, which comprises glrav-4, -5, -6, -9, and the recently characterized glrav-pr, and g ... | 2010 | 20703503 |
| grape polyphenols do not affect vascular function in healthy men. | data suggest that polyphenol-rich products may improve endothelial function and other cardiovascular health risk factors. grape and wine contain high amounts of polyphenols, but effects of these polyphenols have hardly been investigated in isolation in randomized controlled studies. our objective in this study was to test the chronic effect of polyphenol-rich solids derived from either a wine grape mix or grape seed on flow-mediated dilation (fmd). blood pressure and other vascular function meas ... | 2010 | 20702747 |
| analysis of carotenoids in grapes to predict norisoprenoid varietal aroma of wines from apulia. | to determine a correlation between carotenoid precursors in grapes and norisoprenoid varietal aroma of wine, carotenoids were identified and quantified by hplc-dad-ms (esi+) from four representative wine grape varieties of the apulian region (chardonnay, merlot, negroamaro, primitivo) in two years of study (2006-2007), and c13-norisoprenoid aroma potential, deltac (microg/kg), was calculated from the difference of total carotenoid concentration between veraison and maturity. c13-norisoprenoids w ... | 2010 | 20695424 |
| functional differentiation of the glycosyltransferases that contribute to the chemical diversity of bioactive flavonol glycosides in grapevines (vitis vinifera). | we identified two glycosyltransferases that contribute to the structural diversification of flavonol glycosides in grapevine (vitis vinifera): glycosyltransferase 5 (vv gt5) and vv gt6. biochemical analyses showed that vv gt5 is a udp-glucuronic acid:flavonol-3-o-glucuronosyltransferase (gat), and vv gt6 is a bifunctional udp-glucose/udp-galactose:flavonol-3-o-glucosyltransferase/galactosyltransferase. the vv gt5 and vv gt6 genes have very high sequence similarity (91%) and are located in tandem ... | 2010 | 20693356 |
| the ssr-based molecular profile of 1005 grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) accessions uncovers new synonymy and parentages, and reveals a large admixture amongst varieties of different geographic origin. | a collection of 1005 grapevine accessions was genotyped at 34 microsatellite loci (ssr) with the aim of analysing genetic diversity and exploring parentages. the comparison of molecular profiles revealed 200 groups of synonymy. the removal of perfect synonyms reduced the database to 745 unique genotypes, on which population genetic parameters were calculated. the analysis of kinship uncovered 74 complete pedigrees, with both parents identified. many of these parentages were not previously known ... | 2010 | 20689905 |
| resveratrol and its oligomers from wine grapes are selective (1)o2 quenchers: mechanistic implication by high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and theoretical calculation. | resveratrol and its oligomers, abundantly present in wine grapes, are believed to be effective phytoalexins for the phenomenon "french paradox" partially by virtue of their powerful antiradical properties. epr spin-trapping technique was utilized, demonstrating all polyphenols were selective (1)o2 quenchers but not effective (•)oh and o2(•¯) scavengers. on the basis of the hplc-esi-ms(2) analysis for the simulated reactions of polyphenols with (1)o2, the molecular weights of the resulting photoc ... | 2010 | 20677737 |
| pitfalls encountered during quantitative determination of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in grape must and wine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution analysis. comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and on-line liquid chromatography-multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as potential loopholes. | the analysis of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in vitis vinifera grape must or wine at the low nanogram per liter level failed in several situations when applying a one-dimensional gas chromatographic analysis with mass spectrometric detection (gc-ms). sample preparation methods such as headspace solid phase microextraction or solid phase extraction were convenient procedures, however lacking extraction selectivity for complex matrices. analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography wi ... | 2010 | 20637469 |
| [differentiated expression of vvsuc12 and vvsuc27 in embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli of vitis vinifera l]. | we induced embryogenic calli (ec) and non-embryogenic calli (nec) from flower filaments of vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay about 10 days before full bloom. the callus were sub-cultured, observed and verified by somatic embryo induction. pcr primers for vvsuc12 and vvscu27 were designed according to the corresponding sequences in genbank. after rna extraction with rnaplant for ec and nec cell lines, we synthesized the 1st strand dna for semi quantitative rt-pcr, and normalized the density of the ... | 2010 | 20575443 |
| short-term postharvest carbon dioxide treatments induce selective molecular and metabolic changes in grape berries. | detached wine grapes ( vitis vinifera cv. 'trebbiano', white skinned) were treated for 3 days with 30 kpa of co(2) and then transferred to air for an additional 9 days to partially dehydrate (about 20% weight loss). at the end of the co(2) treatment on withering berries, total polyphenols and flavonoids were maintained in the skin, but to a more limited extent in the pulp. an induction of the proanthocyanidin synthesis appeared to be one of the responses to the treatment because both (+)-catechi ... | 2010 | 20557098 |
| a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography/ion trap tandem mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of 'foxy smelling compounds' and 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in grape juice. | 2'-aminoacetophenone (o-aap) was identified as the main cause of the aging note called 'hybrid note' or 'foxy smell' which is typical of non-vitis vinifera grapes. together with methyl anthranilate (ma), this compound contributes to the typical foxy taint of wines made with non-vitis vinifera grapes. 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines in grapes, with their herbaceous note and very low sensory thresholds, contribute to the aroma of several wines. in this study, a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatog ... | 2010 | 20552698 |
| high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric investigation of stilbenoids in cell cultures of vitis vinifera l., cv. malvasia. | cell suspension cultures of vitis vinifera l., particularly after elicitation, have shown the ability to biosynthesize several stilbenoids. in this work the application of specific tandem mass spectrometry (ms/ms) experiments and the integration with data from uv-vis spectra, available only for the main compounds of the extract, allowed the detection of over 20 different stilbenoids. up to eight monoglicosides, both monomers and dimers, a high number of dimer forms (up to 17), belonging to the g ... | 2010 | 20552693 |
| immunohistochemical localisation of a putative flavonoid transporter in grape berries. | flavonoids are a class of secondary metabolites present in large amounts in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), which are involved in several aspects of its physiology (e.g. protection against biotic and abiotic stress). even if the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoid sub-classes have been largely characterised, the mechanisms of their transport and accumulation to the final target sites are still not completely understood. unanticipated insights have been obtained by probing plant tissues with pure a ... | 2010 | 20552459 |
| carotenoid and chlorophyll-derived compounds in some wine grapes grown in apulian region. | carotenoid compounds in wine grapes (chardonnay, merlot, primitivo, negroamaro) grown in apulian region were investigated by chromatographic and spectrometric analyses. cis-isomers of lutein and beta-carotene (9z, 9'z-lutein and 9z-beta-carotene) and 5,6-epoxyxanthophylls were detected: 9'z-neoxanthin, violaxanthin, and 5,6-epoxylutein. moreover, zeaxanthin was efficiently resolved from lutein by a selective factor > 1 (alpha= 1.06) and was found in high amounts (50 to 300 microg/kg) in the grap ... | 2010 | 20546421 |
| the impact of grape skin bioactive functionality information on the acceptability of tea infusions made from wine by-products. | the effect of information on the health benefits of bio-active compounds on the acceptability of 5 tea infusions made from grape skins generated from wine processing waste (from vitis vinifera var. pinot noir and pinot gris) was investigated. samples of tea infusions with natural additives (pnhgt25 and pggt50) and without additives (control pn, control pg, and pnpg50) were evaluated by 45 in-home consumer panels (30 female, 15 male) before and after information on the health benefits of grape sk ... | 2010 | 20546418 |
| artificial neural networks modeling the in vitro rhizogenesis and acclimatization of vitis vinifera l. | this study employs artificial neural networks (anns) to create a model to identify relationships between variables affecting the in vitro rhizogenesis and acclimatization of two cultivars of vitis vinifera l. albariño and mencía. the effects of three factors (inputs), the type of cultivar, concentration and exposure time to indolebutyric acid (iba), on the success of in vitro rhizogenesis and acclimatization were evaluated. the developed model, using anns software, was assessed using a separate ... | 2010 | 20542352 |
| changes in the levels of indoleamine phytochemicals during véraison and ripening of wine grapes. | melatonin and serotonin have previously been described in mature wine grapes and finished wines, but the metabolism of these signalling molecules in the development of wine grapes has not previously been investigated. we harvested wine grapes at different stages of development from lag phase through véraison from eight different commercial vineyards representing a diversity of growing conditions, management practices, merlot varietals and localized ecosystems to determine whether different patte ... | 2010 | 20536685 |
| scaffold filling, contig fusion and comparative gene order inference. | there has been a trend in increasing the phylogenetic scope of genome sequencing without finishing the sequence of the genome. increasing numbers of genomes are being published in scaffold or contig form. rearrangement algorithms, however, including gene order-based phylogenetic tools, require whole genome data on gene order or syntenic block order. how then can we use rearrangement algorithms to compare genomes available in scaffold form only? can the comparative evidence predict the location o ... | 2010 | 20525342 |
| functional proteomic analysis of ankaferd® blood stopper. | ankaferd® blood stopper (abs) comprises a standardized mixture of the plants thymus vulgaris, glycyrrhiza glabra, vitis vinifera, alpinia officinarum, and urtica dioica. the basic mechanism of action for abs is the formation of an encapsulated protein network that provides focal points for vital erythrocyte aggregation. abs-induced protein network formation with blood cells, particularly erythrocytes, covers the primary and secondary hemostatic system without disturbing individual coagulation fa ... | 2010 | 27263447 |
| identification and expression of cytokinin signaling and meristem identity genes in sulfur deficient grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | in plants, cytokinin (ck) perception and signaling pathway is composed by a histidine kinase receptor (hk) and a response regulator (rr), the signal being mediated by a histidine phosphotransfer (hpt), as described in arabidopsis, maize and rice. from database searches we identified in grapevine three hks, three hps, four a-type rrs and six b-type rrs, suggesting a common mechanism for grapevine. the phylogenetic analysis of these vitis genes showed a variable but high degree of homology with ar ... | 2009 | 20514227 |
| warm spring temperatures induce persistent season-long changes in shoot development in grapevines. | the influence of temperature on the timing of budbreak in woody perennials is well known, but its effect on subsequent shoot growth and architecture has received little attention because it is understood that growth is determined by current temperature. seasonal shoot development of grapevines (vitis vinifera) was evaluated following differences in temperature near budbreak while minimizing the effects of other microclimatic variables. | 2010 | 20513742 |
| characterization and differentiation of monovarietal grape marc distillates on the basis of varietal aroma compound composition. | to investigate the varietal aroma compound composition of monovarietal grape marc distillates made from six different varieties (vitis vinifera l.) in the region of istria (croatia), 30 samples were subjected to gc/ms and gc/fid analysis. a total of 73 compounds were identified: 45 monoterpenes, 20 sesquiterpenes, 3 diterpenes, and 5 c(13)-norisoprenoids. the largest number and the highest concentration of monoterpenes were found in muscat blanc, followed by rose muscat of porec (muskat ruza por ... | 2010 | 20486710 |
| a parentage study of closely related ukrainian wine grape varieties using microsatellite markers. | four bred grapevine varieties released for commercial cultivation in ukraine, namely 'antey magarachskii', 'rubinovyi magaracha', 'granatovyi magaracha' and 'rubin golodrigi', and their putative parental forms were genotyped using six microsatellite loci. genotypes were compared with breeding records to verify genetic relationships among varieties. results of the analysis confirmed four of six parent-offspring relationships. results of the analysis allow to assume that genotype 'seyve villard 20 ... | 2010 | 20480808 |
| timing of cluster light environment manipulation during grape development affects c13 norisoprenoid and carotenoid concentrations in riesling. | sunlight exposure of winegrape clusters is frequently reported to increase c(13)-norisoprenoids in resulting wines, but the timing and mechanism of this influence is not well understood. fruit zone leaf removal was applied to vitis vinifera cv. riesling at three timings: 2, 33 and 68 days past berry set (pbs), and compared to an untreated control. free and total 1,1,6-trimethyl-1,2-dihydronaphthalene (tdn), vitispirane and beta-damascenone were measured in juice and wines, and carotenoid profile ... | 2010 | 20450186 |
| optimization of a method for the extraction and quantification of carotenoids and chlorophylls during ripening in grape berries (vitis vinifera cv. merlot). | an extraction method to identify and quantify the carotenoid and chlorophyll profile of lyophilized tissue from unripe (green) to ripe (red) merlot grape berries was developed. the rp-hplc method baseline separated all of the carotenoids and chlorophylls and their derivatives. problems encountered during sample storage and extraction are discussed as well as possible alternative methods. this study confirmed that carotenoids and chlorophylls decreased on a per berry (microg/berry) and concentrat ... | 2010 | 20450155 |
| evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds during ripening of 'superior seedless' grapes. | the evolution of aroma and phenolic compounds was studied during ripening of vitis vinifera cv. 'superior seedless' grapes in two consecutive years. the major free detected compounds were citral, geraniol, and benzyl alcohol whereas geraniol, citral, nerol, citronellol, dienediol i, linalol oxide i, linalol oxide ii, benzyl alcohol, and 2-phenylethanol were identified in the glycosidically bound fraction. concentrations of the main free terpene alcohols responsible for 'superior seedless' aroma ... | 2010 | 20438135 |
| chemical changes during fermentation of abhayarishta and its standardization by hplc-dad. | abhayarishta is an ayurvedic formulation prepared traditionally by the fermentation of the decoction of terminalia chebula (pericarp), vitis vinifera (fruits), embelia ribes (fruits) and madhuca indica (flowers). in the present communication, chemical changes occurring during fermentation in abhayarishta have been studied for the purpose of its standardization. an hplc-dad method for quantitative estimation of selected marker constituents in the formulation has been developed and validated. a co ... | 2010 | 20433076 |
| sugar and abscisic acid signaling orthologs are activated at the onset of ripening in grape. | the onset of ripening involves changes in sugar metabolism, softening, and color development. most understanding of this process arises from work in climacteric fruits where the control of ripening is predominately by ethylene. however, many fruits such as grape are nonclimacteric, where the onset of ripening results from the integration of multiple hormone signals including sugars and abscisic acid (aba). in this study, we identified ten orthologous gene families in vitis vinifera containing co ... | 2010 | 20407788 |
| dissipation study of thiophanate methyl residue in/on grapes (vitis vinifera l.) in india. | a multi-location field trial was conducted in india during 2006-2008 to evaluate the dissipation pattern of thiophanate methyl (75% wp) in/on grapes at two application rates (500 and 1,000 g a.i. ha(-1)). the quantitative analysis of the fungicide residues as carbendazim was performed using a uv/vis spectrophotometer at the maximum absorption band of 281 nm. the average recovery was found 87% and the relative standard deviations (rsd) were below 3.8%. following the first order kinetics the fungi ... | 2010 | 20401648 |
| proteomic analysis of the effects of aba treatments on ripening vitis vinifera berries. | the control of ripening of the non-climacteric grapevine fruit is still a matter of debate, but several lines of evidence point to an important role for the hormone abscisic acid (aba). the effects of aba treatments on cabernet sauvignon berries before and at véraison were studied using a 2-de proteomic approach. proteins from whole deseeded berries (before véraison) and berry flesh and skin (at véraison) treated with 0.76 mm aba and collected 24 h after treatment were separated and analysed. a ... | 2010 | 20388747 |
| large-scale detection and analysis of rna editing in grape mtdna by rna deep-sequencing. | rna editing is a widespread post-transcriptional molecular phenomenon that can increase proteomic diversity, by modifying the sequence of completely or partially non-functional primary transcripts, through a variety of mechanistically and evolutionarily unrelated pathways. editing by base substitution has been investigated in both animals and plants. however, conventional strategies based on directed sanger sequencing are time-consuming and effectively preclude genome wide identification of rna ... | 2010 | 20385587 |
| early events prior to visual symptoms in the apoplectic form of grapevine esca disease. | plant infection by pathogens generates various forms of symptoms. most of them have been described as soon as they become visible, whereas preceding, discrete signs during incubation are poorly or not understood. in vitis vinifera, esca-related pathogenic fungi inhabit living trunk wood and induce the so-called apoplexy, a sudden wilting of leaves within a few days. to further understand the apoplexy expression, the period preceding symptom appearance was investigated by following physiological ... | 2010 | 20373962 |
| fast profiling of anthocyanins in wine by desorption nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. | desorption electrospray ionization (desi) mass spectrometry appears to be a useful technique applicable in different areas (e.g. analysis of pharmaceuticals, identification of biologically active compounds in tissues, imaging mass spectrometry). its modification termed desorption nano-electrospray (nano-desi) was tested for analysis of anthocyanins. acidifying of samples and acidic spray liquid (methanol:water=75:25 with 0.2% hcooh) were essential for obtaining good quality spectra. profiles of ... | 2010 | 20371067 |
| scirpusin a, a hydroxystilbene dimer from xinjiang wine grape, acts as an effective singlet oxygen quencher and dna damage protector. | grapes and red wines are rich sources of phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, catechins, flavonols and stilbenes, most of which are potent antioxidants showing cardioprotective properties. we first isolated scirpusin a, a hydroxystilbene dimer, from a wine grape of xinjiang, and studied its antioxidant activity. | 2010 | 20355118 |
| physical mapping in highly heterozygous genomes: a physical contig map of the pinot noir grapevine cultivar. | most of the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars grown today are those selected centuries ago, even though grapevine is one of the most important fruit crops in the world. grapevine has therefore not benefited from the advances in modern plant breeding nor more recently from those in molecular genetics and genomics: genes controlling important agronomic traits are practically unknown. a physical map is essential to positionally clone such genes and instrumental in a genome sequencing project. | 2010 | 20346114 |
| characterization of anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions in vitis vinifera l. cell suspension cultures. | anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (avis) are intra-vacuolar structures capable of concentrating anthocyanins and are present in over 50 of the highest anthocyanin-accumulating plant species. presence of avis alters pigment intensity, total anthocyanin levels, pigment hue and causes bathochromic shifts in a spatio-temporal manner within various flowers, vegetables and fruits. a year-long study on vitis vinifera cell suspension cultures found a strong correlation between avi prevalence and anthocyan ... | 2010 | 20238125 |
| identification of grapevine micrornas and their targets using high-throughput sequencing and degradome analysis. | in plants, micrornas (mirnas) comprise one of three classes of small rnas regulating gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. many plant mirnas are conserved, and play a role in development, abiotic stress responses or pathogen responses. however, some mirnas have only been found in certain species. here, we use deep-sequencing, computational and molecular methods to identify, profile, and describe conserved and non-conserved mirnas in four grapevine (vitis vinifera) tissues. a total o ... | 2010 | 20230504 |
| comparative study of the phenolic composition of seeds and skins from carménère and cabernet sauvignon grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.) during ripening. | the phenolic composition of skins and seeds from vitis vinifera l. cv. carménère and cabernet sauvignon grapes during ripening was evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection and spectrophotometric analysis. as compared to cabernet sauvignon grape skins, carménère grape skins presented higher contents of total anthocyanins, monomeric flavan-3-ols, and total flavonoids, a higher mean degree of polymerization, a higher percentage of galloylation, a higher average mole ... | 2010 | 20163111 |
| evaluation of the feasibility of the electronic tongue as a rapid analytical tool for wine age prediction and quantification of the organic acids and phenolic compounds. the case-study of madeira wine. | a set of fourteen madeira wines comprising wines produced from four vitis vinifera l. varieties (bual, malvasia, verdelho and tinta negra mole) that were 3, 6, 10 and 17 years old was analysed using hplc and an electronic tongue (et) multisensor system. concentrations of 24 organic acids, phenolic and furanic compounds were determined by hplc. the et consisting of 26 potentiometric chemical sensors with plasticized pvc and chalcogenide glass membranes was used. significance of the effects of age ... | 2010 | 20152269 |
| correction: high throughput approaches reveal splicing of primary microrna transcripts and tissue specific expression of mature micrornas in vitis vinifera. | the version of this article published in bmc genomics 2009, 10:558, contains data in table 1 which are now known to be unreliable, and an illustration, in figure 1, of unusual mirna processing events predicted by these unreliable data. in this full-length correction, new data replace those found to be unreliable, leading to a more straightforward interpretation without altering the principle conclusions of the study. table 1 and associated methods have been corrected, figure 1 deleted, supplemen ... | 2010 | 20152027 |
| characterization of transcriptional complexity during berry development in vitis vinifera using rna-seq. | the development of massively parallel sequencing technologies enables the sequencing of total cdna (rna-seq) to derive accurate measure of individual gene expression, differential splicing activity, and to discover novel regions of transcription, dramatically changing the way that the functional complexity of transcriptomes can be studied. here we report on the first use of rna-seq to gain insight into the wide range of transcriptional responses that are associated with berry development in viti ... | 2010 | 20118272 |
| analysis of histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase families of vitis vinifera. | histone acetyltransferases (hats) and deacetylases (hdacs) play critical roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression. in plants, these genes are emerging as crucial players in all aspects of development. as part of our study regarding the growth and development of grapevine (vitis vinifera), we report the genome-wide analysis of hat and hdac genes. this analysis revealed the presence of 7 and 13 genes coding for putative hats and hdacs, respectively. in this work, we prese ... | 2016 | 20097570 |
| characterization of thermotolerance-related genes in grapevine (vitis vinifera). | we report the cloning and characterization of heat shock-induced genes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). using the cdna subtraction method, four heat shock-induced genes were identified in heat shock-treated pinot noir grapevine. the four genes were immediately induced and upregulated in leaves and berry skins by heat treatment at 45 degrees c. the recovery treatment at 26 degrees c reduced the upregulated transcription of the heat shock-induced genes to near basal levels. the predicted amino ac ... | 2010 | 20096476 |
| investigation into the formation of guaiacol conjugates in berries and leaves of grapevine vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon using stable isotope tracers combined with hplc-ms and ms/ms analysis. | fermentation of grapes that had been exposed to bushfire smoke can potentially yield unpalatable, smoke-affected wine. guaiacol and its glucoconjugate were previously found in smoke-affected grapes at an elevated concentration. to find and identify further guaiacol conjugates in smoke-affected grapes, a stable isotope feeding experiment combined with extensive hplc-ms and ms/ms investigations was carried out. leaves and berries of a potted grapevine were placed in contact with an aqueous mixture ... | 2010 | 20092321 |
| interaction between grape-derived proanthocyanidins and cell wall material. 1. effect on proanthocyanidin composition and molecular mass. | insoluble cell wall material was prepared from the skin and flesh of commercially ripe vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz berries and then combined in suspension with preveraison skin and seed proanthocyanidin containing solutions. analysis of proanthocyanidins before and after fining with cell wall material by phloroglucinolysis provided information on recovery by mass, subunit composition, and mean degree of polymerization, whereas proanthocyanidin molecular mass distribution was determined by gel p ... | 2010 | 20092254 |
| an extensive study of the genetic diversity within seven french wine grape variety collections. | the process of vegetative propagation used to multiply grapevine varieties produces, in most cases, clones genetically identical to the parental plant. nevertheless, spontaneous somatic mutations can occur in the regenerative cells that give rise to the clones, leading to consider varieties as populations of clones that conform to a panel of phenotypic traits. using two sets of nuclear microsatellite markers, the present work aimed at evaluating and comparing the intravarietal genetic diversity ... | 2010 | 20062965 |
| distribution of resveratrol and stilbene synthase in young grape plants (vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon) and the effect of uv-c on its accumulation. | current research indicated that the resveratrol was mainly accumulated in the skin of grape berry, however, little is yet known about the distribution of resveratrol, as well as the regulation mechanism at protein level and the localization of stilbene synthase (malonyl-coa:4-coumaroyl-coa malonyltransferase; ec 2.3.1.95; sts), a key enzyme of resveratrol biosynthesis, in young grape plants (vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon). resveratrol, whose constitutive level ranged from 0.2 mg kg(-1 ... | 2016 | 20060310 |
| phenolic characterization of malbec wines from mendoza province (argentina). | malbec is a wine grape variety that is now mainly produced in mendoza and considered to be the emblematic cultivar of argentina. forty-four phenolic compounds, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and different flavonoids, were identified and quantified in 61 monovarietal malbec wines from 11 geographical zones of mendoza province, using a reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a diode array detector (hplc-dad). among non-flavonoids, gallic, cis-caf ... | 2010 | 20055443 |
| antioxidant properties of raisins (vitis vinifera l.). | currants and sultanas (vitis vinifera l., family vitaceae) are dried vine products produced in greece and used widely in the mediterranean diet. we investigated the polar methanol extracts from the raisins for the antiradical activity, polyphenol content, cytotoxicity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, total glutathione (gsh) levels, oxidized glutathione (gssg) levels, and inhibition of low-density lipoprotein (ldl) oxidation. extracts exhibited 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activ ... | 2009 | 20041785 |
| cloning, sequencing, purification, and crystal structure of grenache (vitis vinifera) polyphenol oxidase. | the full-length cdna sequence (p93622_vitvi) of polyphenol oxidase (ppo) cdna from grape vitis vinifera l., cv grenache, was found to encode a translated protein of 607 amino acids with an expected molecular weight of ca. 67 kda and a predicted pi of 6.83. the translated amino acid sequence was 99%, identical to that of a white grape berry ppo (1) (5 out of 607 amino acid potential sequence differences). the protein was purified from grenache grape berries by using traditional methods, and it wa ... | 2010 | 20039636 |
| a multidisciplinary study of archaeological grape seeds. | we report here the first integrated investigation of both ancient dna and proteins in archaeobotanical samples: medieval grape (vitis vinifera l.) seeds, preserved by anoxic waterlogging, from an early medieval (seventh-eighth century a.d.) byzantine rural settlement in the salento area (lecce, italy) and a late (fourteenth-fifteenth century a.d.) medieval site in york (england). pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry documented good carbohydrate preservation, whilst amino acid analysis ... | 2010 | 20033124 |
| the epimerase activity of anthocyanidin reductase from vitis vinifera and its regiospecific hydride transfers. | anthocyanidin reductase (anr) from vitis vinifera catalyzes an nadph-dependent double reduction of anthocyanidins producing a mixture of (2s,3r)- and (2s,3s)-flavan-3-ols. at ph 7.5 and 30 degrees c, the first hydride transfer to anthocyanidin is irreversible, and no intermediate is released during catalysis. anr reverse activity was assessed in the presence of excess nadp(+). analysis of products by reverse phase and chiral phase hplc demonstrates that anr acts as a flavan-3-ol c(3)-epimerase u ... | 2016 | 20030585 |
| vitisnet: "omics" integration through grapevine molecular networks. | genomic data release for the grapevine has increased exponentially in the last five years. the vitis vinifera genome has been sequenced and vitis est, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic tools and data sets continue to be developed. the next critical challenge is to provide biological meaning to this tremendous amount of data by annotating genes and integrating them within their biological context. we have developed and validated a system of grapevine molecular networks (vitisnet). | 2009 | 20027228 |
| multicolored asian lady beetle (coleoptera: coccinellidae) activity and wine grape phenology: implications for pest management. | we determined the phenology of the multicolored asian lady beetle, harmonia axyridis (pallas), adults in relation to the phenology of wine grapes (frontenac and marechal foch) in minnesota and wisconsin vineyards to establish a management window for h. axyridis infestations in wine grapes. in addition, we also assessed the flight activity of h. axyridis in an agricultural landscape. the phenology of berry development and ripening was determined by recording berry size and sugar content of random ... | 2009 | 20021750 |
| a banned variety was the mother of several major wine grapes. | a number of widely grown varieties of vitis vinifera ssp. sativa, the grape used for wine production, are known to have resulted from crosses between pinot noir and gouais blanc, although it is not known which was the maternal parent in these crosses. we have analysed microsatellites and a single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) in chloroplast dna from these two varieties and twelve progeny strains, including chardonnay, gamay noir and aligoté. the results demonstrate that gouais blanc was the mate ... | 2010 | 20015860 |
| thermal stability of thaumatin-like protein, chitinase, and invertase isolated from sauvignon blanc and semillon juice and their role in haze formation in wine. | a thermal unfolding study of thaumatin-like protein, chitinase, and invertase isolated from vitis vinifera sauvignon blanc and semillon juice was undertaken. differential scanning calorimetry demonstrated that chitinase was a major player in heat-induced haze in unfined wines as it had a low melt temperature, and aggregation was observed. the kinetics of chitinase f1 (sauvignon blanc) unfolding was studied using circular dichroism spectrometry. chitinase unfolding conforms to arrhenius behavior ... | 2010 | 20014848 |
| ascorbate metabolism and the developmental demand for tartaric and oxalic acids in ripening grape berries. | fresh fruits are well accepted as a good source of the dietary antioxidant ascorbic acid (asc, vitamin c). however, fruits such as grapes do not accumulate exceptionally high quantities of asc. grapes, unlike most other cultivated fruits do however use asc as a precursor for the synthesis of both oxalic (oa) and tartaric acids (ta). ta is a commercially important product in the wine industry and due to its acidifying effect on crushed juice it can influence the organoleptic properties of the win ... | 2009 | 19995454 |
| attraction of female grapevine moth to common and specific olfactory cues from 2 host plants. | in herbivorous insects with more than 1 host plant, attraction to host odor could conceptually be mediated by common compounds, by specific compounds released by each plant or by combinations of common and specific compounds. we have compared the attraction of female grapevine moth, lobesia botrana, with specific and common (shared) odors from 2 different plants: a wild host (daphne gnidium) and a recently colonized host (vitis vinifera). odor blends eliciting female attraction to v. vinifera ha ... | 2010 | 19959563 |
| high throughput approaches reveal splicing of primary microrna transcripts and tissue specific expression of mature micrornas in vitis vinifera. | micrornas are short (approximately 21 base) single stranded rnas that, in plants, are generally coded by specific genes and cleaved specifically from hairpin precursors. micrornas are critical for the regulation of multiple developmental, stress related and other physiological processes in plants. the recent annotation of the genome of the grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) allowed the identification of many putative conserved microrna precursors, grouped into multiple gene families. | 2009 | 19939267 |
| increasing the robustness of phenological models for vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay. | phenological models are important tools for planning viticultural practices in the short term and for projecting the impact of climate change on grapevine (vitis vinifera) in the long term. however, the difficulties in obtaining phenological models which provide accurate predictions on a regional scale prevent them from being exploited to their full potential. the aim of this work was to obtain a robust phenological model for v. vinifera cv. chardonnay. during calibration of the sub-models for b ... | 2010 | 19937456 |
| new insights on the genetic basis of portuguese grapevine and on grapevine domestication. | as the ancestor of cultivated grape, vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris represents a unique, invaluable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated grapevines. recently, five populations of wild grapevines were identified in portugal. sixty vines were characterized with 11 nuclear ssr markers and further compared with 70 genotypes of portuguese vitis vinifera subsp. sativa. the obtained data demonstrate moderate genetic differentiation between wild grapevine populations and moderate to high ... | 2009 | 19935927 |
| combining next-generation pyrosequencing with microarray for large scale expression analysis in non-model species. | the next generation sequencing technologies provide new options to characterize the transcriptome and to develop affordable tools for functional genomics. we describe here an innovative approach for this purpose and demonstrate its potential also for non-model species. | 2009 | 19930683 |
| a sugar-inducible protein kinase, vvsk1, regulates hexose transport and sugar accumulation in grapevine cells. | in grapevine (vitis vinifera), as in many crops, soluble sugar content is a major component of yield and economical value. this paper identifies and characterizes a glycogen synthase kinase3 protein kinase, cloned from a cdna library of grape cabernet sauvignon berries harvested at the ripening stage. this gene, called vvsk1, was mainly expressed in flowers, berries, and roots. in the berries, it was strongly expressed at postvéraison, when the berries accumulate glucose, fructose, and abscisic ... | 2010 | 19923236 |
| evolution of the vvmyba gene family, the major determinant of berry colour in cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | polymorphisms in the grape transcription factor family vvmyba are responsible for variation in anthocyanin content in the berries of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l. subsp. sativa). previous study has shown that white grapes arose through the mutation of two adjacent genes: a retroelement insertion in vvmyba1 and a single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation in vvmyba2. the purpose of this study was to understand how these mutations emerged and affected genetic diversity at neighbouring sites ... | 2010 | 19920856 |
| changes in the accumulation of alpha- and beta-tubulin during bud development in vitis vinifera l. | microtubules play important roles during growth and morphogenesis of plant cells. multiple isoforms of alpha- and beta-tubulin accumulate in higher plant cells and originate either by transcription of different genes or by post-translational modifications. the use of different tubulin isoforms involves the binding of microtubules to different associated proteins and therefore generates microtubules with different organizations and functions. tubulin isoforms are differentially expressed in veget ... | 2010 | 19911193 |
| grape skin and seed proanthocyanidins from monastrell x syrah grapes. | in this study, the grape skin and seed proanthocyanidin profiles from monastrell x syrah grape (vitis vinifera l.) crosses were determined. concentration and compositional information in extracts was determined by reversed-phase hplc after acid-catalyzed cleavage in the presence of excess phloroglucinol. in general, the proanthocyanidin compositions of crosses were qualitatively similar to those of monastrell and syrah, but, quantitatively, differences were observed. consistent with transgressiv ... | 2009 | 19856914 |
| grapevine bud break prediction for cool winter climates. | statistical analysis of bud break data for grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cvs. riesling and müller-thurgau) at 13 sites along the northern boundary of commercial grapevine production in europe revealed that, for all investigated sites, the heat summation method for bud break prediction can be improved if the starting date for the accumulation of heat units is specifically determined. using the coefficient of variance as a criterion, a global minimum for each site can be identified, marking the opt ... | 2010 | 19851788 |
| abscisic acid stimulated ripening and gene expression in berry skins of the cabernet sauvignon grape. | we investigated the effect of exogenous abscisic acid (aba) application on the transcriptome as well as the phenolic profiles in the skins of vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon grape berries grown on the vine and cultured in vitro. aba application rapidly induced the accumulation of anthocyanin and flavonol. correlatively, the structural genes in the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways, their transcriptional regulators, as well as genes considered to be involved in the acylation and transp ... | 2010 | 19841954 |
| evaluation of pollen dispersal and cross pollination using transgenic grapevine plants. | public debate about the possible risk of genetically modified plants often concerns putative effects of pollen dispersal and out-crossing into conventional fields in the neighborhood of transgenic plants. though vitis vinifera (grapevine) is generally considered to be self-pollinating, it cannot be excluded that vertical gene transfer might occur. for monitoring pollen flow and out-crossing events, transgenic plants of vitis vinifera cv. 'dornfelder' harboring the gus-int gene were planted in th ... | 2009 | 19833076 |
| changes of defense proteins in the extracellular proteome of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. gamay) cell cultures in response to elicitors. | in plant cells, elicitors induce defense responses that resemble those triggered by pathogen attack, such as the synthesis of phytoalexins and pathogen-related proteins which accumulate in the extracellular space. in the search for the particular proteins involved in defense responses, we investigated the changes in the extracellular proteome of a grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. gamay) cell suspension in response to elicitation with methylated cyclodextrins (mbcd) and methyl jasmonate (meja). twen ... | 2009 | 19822229 |
| the expression of vvphya and vvphyb transcripts is differently regulated by photoperiod in leaves and buds of grapevines. | light signals perceived by phytochromes (phys) and cryptochromes (crys) play key roles in plant growth and development and in photoperiod dependant process such as flowering, tuberization, seasonal growth cessation and dormancy. the integration of the light signals with the endogenous circadian oscillator provides plants with a mechanism to monitor changes in photoperiod or day-length. in a recent report, we established that in vitis vinifera l. cv thompson seedless, photoperiod drives the entra ... | 2009 | 19820336 |
| evolution of cle signaling: origins of the clv1 and sol2/crn receptor diversity. | the shoot apical meristem is maintained by the intercellular factor, clv3, a dodecapeptide in arabidopsis. clv3 belongs to the cle family and putative cle genes have been found in various plants, even in the moss physcomitrella patens. here, we report that a pteridophyte, selaginella moelendorffii, also has 15 putative cle genes in its genome. on the other hand, clv1 is reported to function as a receptor for the clv3 peptide, and other cle peptides might be recognized by clv1 homologues in vario ... | 2009 | 19816140 |
| a grapevine shaker inward k(+) channel activated by the calcineurin b-like calcium sensor 1-protein kinase cipk23 network is expressed in grape berries under drought stress conditions. | grapevine (vitis vinifera), the genome sequence of which has recently been reported, is considered as a model species to study fleshy fruit development and acid fruit physiology. grape berry acidity is quantitatively and qualitatively affected upon increased k(+) accumulation, resulting in deleterious effects on fruit (and wine) quality. aiming at identifying molecular determinants of k(+) transport in grapevine, we have identified a k(+) channel, named vvk1.1, from the shaker family. in silico ... | 2010 | 19781051 |
| binding-equilibrium and kinetic studies of anthocyanidin reductase from vitis vinifera. | anthocyanidin reductase from vitis vinifera catalyzes an nadph-dependent double reduction of anthocyanidins. at ph 7.5 and 30 degrees c, steady-state kinetics support a hyperbolic and rapid-equilibrium ordered mechanism, with nadph binding first, k(m(cyan))=2.82+/-0.66microm and k(i(nadph))=111+/-23microm. the chromatographic method of hummel and dreyer was used for binding-equilibrium studies of nadph, nadp(+) and catechin, at ph 7. this confirmed hyperbolic binding of nadph and nadp(+) to the ... | 2009 | 19772852 |
| regulation of malate metabolism in grape berry and other developing fruits. | organic acids are present in all plants, supporting numerous and varied facets of cellular metabolism. the type of organic acid found, and the levels to which they accumulate are extremely variable between species, developmental stages and tissue types. acidity plays important roles in the organoleptic properties of plant tissues, where examples of both enhanced and reduced palatability can be ascribed to the presence of specific organic acids. in fruits, sourness is generally attributed to prot ... | 2016 | 19762054 |
| vascular function in grape berries across development and its relevance to apparent hydraulic isolation. | during the latter stages of development in fleshy fruit, water flow through the xylem declines markedly and the requirements of transpiration and further expansion are fulfilled primarily by the phloem. we evaluated the hypothesis that cessation of water transport through the xylem results from disruption or occlusion of pedicel and berry xylem conduits (hydraulic isolation). xylem hydraulic resistance (r(h)) was measured in developing fruit of grape (vitis vinifera 'chardonnay') 20 to 100 d aft ... | 2009 | 19741048 |
| putative vitis vinifera rop- and rab-gap-, gef-, and gdi-interacting proteins uncovered with novel methods for public genomic and est database analysis. | to understand how grapevine rop and rab proteins achieve their functional versatility in signalling, identification of the putative vvrop- and vvrab-interacting proteins was performed using newly designed tools. in this study, sequences encoding eight full-length proteins for vvrop gtpase-activating proteins (gaps), five for vvrabgaps, six for vvrop guanine nucleotide exchange factors (gefs), one for vvrabgef, five for vvrop gdp dissociation inhibitors (gdis), and three for vvrabgdis were identi ... | 2010 | 19736217 |
| the integrated control concept and its relevance to current integrated pest management in california fresh market grapes. | the foundation of an integrated pest management program involves valid treatment thresholds, accurate and simple monitoring methods, effective natural controls, selective pesticides and trained individuals who can implement the concept. the integrated control concept written by stern, smith, van den bosch and hagen elucidated each of these points in an alfalfa ecosystem. alfalfa hay (medicago sativa l.) has a low per acre value, requires little hand labor and is primarily marketed in the usa. in ... | 2009 | 19731261 |
| irrigation and rootstock effects on the phenolic concentration and aroma potential of vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grapes. | compositional changes of skin and seed phenolic compounds and berry glycosylated aroma precursors were measured in vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon onto 1103p and so4 rootstocks, in three irrigation regimes (fi, 100% of evapotranspiration; di, 50% of evapotranspiration; and ni, non-irrigated). the study was conducted in a commercial vineyard of central greece, in a factorial experiment during two growing seasons (2005-2006). grape samples were obtained at commercial harvest. the deficit ... | 2009 | 19722708 |
| [chemical composition of the virgin oil obtained by mechanical pressing form several grape seed varieties (vitis vinifera l.) with emphasis on minor constituents]. | the chemical composition of the virgin oils obtained by mechanical pressing of grape seed belonging of the varieties syrah and tintorera as well as a mixture of seeds of the varieties syrah, tempranillo and merlot was determined. official analytical methods were employed for the determination of two quality indexes (acidity and peroxide value), fatty acids profile and for the quantification of the most important minor constituents. the acidity and the peroxide values were in agreement with the v ... | 2009 | 19719020 |
| integration of stress produced reactive oxygen species in the stomatal regulation of micropropagated vitis vinifera l. plantlets impaired in aba signaling. | reactive oxygen species (ros) have been repeatedly implicated as cellular second messengers important in the modulation of almost every ontogenic phase of plant development, from seedling to cell death. in all of these processes, ros production and detoxification are highly regulated and its levels are kept under tight control, in order to achieve the desired effect at the cellular or plant level. micropropagated vitis vinifera l. transferred to ex vitro growth under increased irradiance gave an ... | 2008 | 19704467 |
| grape skins (vitis vinifera l.) catalyze the in vitro enzymatic hydroxylation of p-coumaric acid to caffeic acid. | the ability of grape skins to catalyze in vitro conversion of p-coumaric acid to the more potent antioxidant caffeic acid was studied. addition of different concentrations of p-coumaric to red grape skins (cabernet sauvignon) resulted in formation of caffeic acid. this caffeic acid formation (y) correlated positively and linearly to p-coumaric acid consumption (x): y = 0.5 x + 9.5; r (2) = 0.96, p < 0.0001. the kinetics of caffeic acid formation with time in response to initial p-coumaric acid l ... | 2009 | 19696970 |
| the alternative oxidase family of vitis vinifera reveals an attractive model to study the importance of genomic design. | 'genomic design' refers to the structural organization of gene sequences. recently, the role of intron sequences for gene regulation is being better understood. further, introns possess high rates of polymorphism that are considered as the major source for speciation. in molecular breeding, the length of gene-specific introns is recognized as a tool to discriminate genotypes with diverse traits of agronomic interest. 'economy selection' and 'time-economy selection' have been proposed as models f ... | 2009 | 19682279 |
| red-color related phenolic composition of garnacha tintorera (vitis vinifera l.) grapes and red wines. | garnacha tintorera (also known as alicante bouschet) is one of the few v. vinifera grape cultivars with red-colored berry flesh. the study of the phenolic composition of both berry flesh and skin of garnacha tintorera grapes shows interesting findings. anthocyanins were asymmetrically distributed within grape flesh and skins. malvidin derivatives dominated in skin, followed by peonidin-type anthocyanins; in contrast, the flesh almost exclusively contained peonidin 3-glucoside. in addition, lc-uv ... | 2009 | 19673489 |
| fast analysis of isobaric grape anthocyanins by chip-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. | in a previous work, direct-infusion electrospray ionization ion trap tandem mass spectrometry (esi-it-ms/ms) was applied to the study of anthocyanins in extracts from the skins of clinton grapes, a non-vitis vinifera red grape variety qualitatively and quantitatively rich in anthocyanins. a good characterization of anthocyaninins was obtained, but it was impossible to differentiate some compounds with the same nominal mass but with different elemental composition. in this work, the capabilities ... | 2009 | 19670341 |
| deployment of response surface methodology to optimise recovery of grape (vitis vinifera) stem polyphenols. | a 2(3)-full factorial design and response surface methodology were deployed to assess some basic factors (time, % ethanol and ph) affecting profoundly the extractability of polyphenolic phytochemicals from grape (vitis vinifera) stems. in an effort to obtain a thorough insight into the applicability of the models established, stem extracts from three different varieties were tested, by determining several indices of the polyphenolic composition, such as total polyphenol (tp), total flavanol (tfl ... | 2009 | 19635365 |
| implication of signaling pathways involving calcium, phosphorylation and active oxygen species in methyl jasmonate-induced defense responses in grapevine cell cultures. | perception of elicitors triggers plant defense responses via various early signal transduction pathways. methyl jasmonate (meja) stimulates defense responses in grapevine (vitis vinifera). we investigated the involvement of various partners (calcium, ros, reversible phosphorylation) in meja-induced responses by using a pharmacological approach. we used specific calcium channel effectors and inhibitors of serine/threonine phosphatases, superoxide dismutase and nad(p)h oxidase and investigated pro ... | 2009 | 19631405 |