| relationships between godello white wine sensory properties and its aromatic fingerprinting obtained by gc-ms. | godello is a traditional white-grape vine grown widely in the valdeorras area (northwest spain) available information about the sensory and chemical characteristics of which is scant. in this work, exploratory research was conducted with a view to correlate the results of instrumental analyses of the aroma compounds in godello wine and their sensory perception. principal component analysis (pca) and partial least squares regression (pls) were the multivariate data analysis methods selected. pca ... | 2011 | 25212315 |
| antioxidant activities, sensory and anti-influenza activity of grape skin tea infusion. | grape skin extracts from pinot noir and pinot gris exhibited significant in vitro antiviral (influenza virus) activity. five tea infusions from grape skins (vitis vinifera var. pinot noir and pinot gris) without any additives (control pinot noir and control pinot gris) or by adding variable amounts of green tea and hibiscus were investigated as a means to utilise wine wastes. the antioxidant activities (dpph scavenging capacity and superoxide anion radical scavenging capacity), total phenolics, ... | 2011 | 25212307 |
| developmental stage is an important factor that determines the antioxidant responses of young and old grapevine leaves under uv irradiation in a green-house. | the impact of uv irradiation was studied on photosynthesis, photosystem ii photochemical yields and antioxidant responses using green-house grown grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) leaves. supplemental uv irradiation (280-400 nm) was centred in the uv-b region, and corresponded to 8.95 kj m⁻² d⁻¹ global (280-400 nm) or 8.04 kj m⁻² d⁻¹ uv-b (280-315 nm) biologically effective dose. uv irradiation was applied daily and its effects were evaluated after 4-days. younger (1-3 weeks-old) leav ... | 2012 | 22099515 |
| proteomic analysis of berry-sizing effect of ga3 on seedless vitis vinifera l. | gibberellin (ga) is widely used in the table grape and raisin industries to enlarge the berries of seedless varieties. however, the mechanism underlying its berry-sizing effect is poorly understood. in this study, clusters of centennial seedless (vitis vinifera l.) were treated with 30 ppm ga3 on day 12 after flowering, and berries were sampled at development stages i, ii and iii for proteomic analysis. among the 1479 proteins detected on 2-de maps, 19, 70 and 69 spots in stages i, ii and iii, r ... | 2012 | 22095673 |
| evaluation of genetic dissimilarity in a segregating wine grape population. | this study examined the genetic diversity present in a population obtained by crossing two very distinctive varieties of wine grapes (142 progeny from a riesling x cabernet sauvignon cross, including both parents, created at the university of california). the following list of morphological characters were evaluated and found to segregate in this population: cluster weight, cluster length, presence or absence of cluster wings, cluster wing length, number of berries, cluster density (cd), and ber ... | 2011 | 22095478 |
| detailed characterization of proanthocyanidins in skin, seeds, and wine of shiraz and cabernet sauvignon wine grapes (vitis vinifera). | the distribution of proanthocyanidin (pa) polymer lengths, proanthocyanidin concentration at each polymer length, and polymer composition were determined in the seed, skin, and wine of shiraz and cabernet sauvignon grape berries grown in southeast australia. pa was fractionated by semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and analyzed by phloroglucinolysis and hplc to report the degree of polymerization (dp), concentration, and composition at 11 dp values in seed and wine and ... | 2011 | 22085086 |
| changes in free and bound fractions of aroma compounds of four vitis vinifera cultivars at the last ripening stages. | the volatile composition of white agudelo, blancolexitimo, godello and red serradelo cultivars (nw spain) harvested at two different stages of ripening have been evaluated. c(6)-compounds, alcohols, volatile fatty acids, monoterpenes, c(13)-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols and carbonyl compounds were identified and quantified in free and glycosidically bound forms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the total volatile concentration showed a significant increase between the two ripen ... | 2012 | 22071134 |
| a 48 snp set for grapevine cultivar identification. | rapid and consistent genotyping is an important requirement for cultivar identification in many crop species. among them grapevine cultivars have been the subject of multiple studies given the large number of synonyms and homonyms generated during many centuries of vegetative multiplication and exchange. simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers have been preferred until now because of their high level of polymorphism, their codominant nature and their high profile repeatability. however, the rapid a ... | 2011 | 22060012 |
| physiological changes in green stems of vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay in response to esca proper and apoplexy revealed by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. | among grapevine trunk diseases, esca proper and apoplexy commonly represent a threat for viticulture worldwide. to retrieve further information about the mechanisms activated in apoplectic and esca proper-affected plants, a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) based analysis was conducted on green stems from 26-year-old standing vines. symptomatic and asymptomatic stems from both apoplectic (a) and esca proper-affected (e) plants compared to control (without visual symptom since 10 years) ... | 2012 | 22050466 |
| transcript and metabolite analysis in trincadeira cultivar reveals novel information regarding the dynamics of grape ripening. | grapes (vitis vinifera l.) are economically the most important fruit crop worldwide. however, the complexity of molecular and biochemical events that lead to the onset of ripening of nonclimacteric fruits is not fully understood which is further complicated in grapes due to seasonal and cultivar specific variation. the portuguese wine variety trincadeira gives rise to high quality wines but presents extremely irregular berry ripening among seasons probably due to high susceptibility to abiotic a ... | 2011 | 22047180 |
| urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity increase after the intake of a grape juice cv. tempranillo stabilized with hhp. | red grapes contain elevated amounts of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols) that may potentially prevent cell aging, cardiovascular disease and oxidation-related disorders. since functional drinks are presently one of the most dynamic sectors of the market, the present work was aimed at evaluating the possible antioxidant effect of an experimental grape juice in terms of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (amt6-s) and total antioxidant capacity in young (20 ± 10 yr-old), middle-aged (45 ± 10 yr-old) an ... | 2012 | 22033761 |
| polyphenol content in white table grape (vitis vinifera) berries of cultivar italia: interactive effect of irrigation, delayed harvest and storage. | polyphenol concentrations were quantified by rapid resolution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in white table grape. the experimental vineyard was subjected to different kinds of water supply and supply rates. samples from the same vineyards were also analysed after 6 weeks of storage in a refrigerator and after 6 weeks of delayed harvesting. berry skins and seeds were analysed separately. a statistical treatment of the screening kind, namely the 2(k) full factorial design, was used for t ... | 2012 | 22011240 |
| establishment and application of a metabolomics workflow for identification and profiling of volatiles from leaves of vitis vinifera by hs-spme-gc-ms. | volatile organic compounds (vocs) occurring in leaves of plants carry information about the physiological state of the plant. monitoring of vocs assists in detecting plant stress before visible signs are present. | 2012 | 22009551 |
| the péclet effect on leaf water enrichment correlates with leaf hydraulic conductance and mesophyll conductance for co(2). | leaf water gets isotopically enriched through transpiration, and diffusion of enriched water through the leaf depends on transpiration flow and the effective path length (l). the aim of this work was to relate l with physiological variables likely to respond to similar processes. we studied the response to drought and vein severing of leaf lamina hydraulic conductance (k(lamina) ), mesophyll conductance for co(2) (g(m) ) and leaf water isotope enrichment in vitis vinifera l cv. grenache. we hypo ... | 2012 | 21988489 |
| identification of the abscisic acid receptor vvpyl1 in vitis vinifera. | the phytohormone abscisic acid (aba) plays a central role in many developmental processes and in responses to several abiotic stresses. identification of the aba receptor is a first step towards understanding aba signalling. in this study, using homology analysis, we cloned three genes, named vvpyl1, vvpyl2 and vvpyl3, from vitis vinifera. an isothermal titration calorimetry assay suggested that vvpyl1 could bind to aba. a phosphatase activity assay demonstrated that vvpyl1 inhibits phosphatase ... | 2012 | 21974741 |
| early leaf removal impact on volatile composition of tempranillo wines. | early defoliation is a very innovative technique in viticulture used for yield management. the effects of early leaf removal performed manually and mechanically at two different phenological stages, pre-bloom and fruit set, on the volatile composition of tempranillo (vitis vinifera l.) wines were studied. volatiles were identified and quantified by gas chromatography. | 2012 | 21968739 |
| climate change (elevated co₂, elevated temperature and moderate drought) triggers the antioxidant enzymes' response of grapevine cv. tempranillo, avoiding oxidative damage. | photosynthetic carbon fixation (a(n) ) and photosynthetic electron transport rate (etr) are affected by different environmental stress factors, such as those associated with climate change. under stress conditions, it can be generated an electron excess that cannot be consumed, which can react with o₂, producing reactive oxygen species. this work was aimed to evaluate the influence of climate change (elevated co₂, elevated temperature and moderate drought) on the antioxidant status of grapevine ... | 2012 | 21929631 |
| enhanced extracellular production of trans-resveratrol in vitis vinifera suspension cultured cells by using cyclodextrins and methyljasmonate. | in this work, the effect of different inducing factors on trans-resveratrol extracellular production in monastrell grapevine suspension cultured cells is evaluated. a detailed analysis provides the optimal concentrations of cyclodextrins, methyljasmonate and uv irradiation dosage, optimal cell density, elicitation time and sucrose content in the culture media. the results indicate that trans-resveratrol production decreases as the initial cell density increases for a constant elicitor concentrat ... | 2012 | 21927985 |
| evaluation of differences in the aroma composition of free-run and pressed neutral grape juices obtained from emir (vitis vinifera l.). | in this study, the differences in the aroma compounds released after the free-run and pressed juices of cv. emir grape (vitis vinifera l.) were evaluated. aroma compounds were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction with ch(2) cl(2) , and then analyzed by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (gc/ms). according to the results, pressing uniformly increased the levels of the aromatic constituents, but this treatment lowered the grape juice quality for winemaking by increasi ... | 2011 | 21922666 |
| seasonal fluctuations in vitis vinifera root respiration in the field. | we studied the seasonal fluctuation of soil respiration (r(s)), and its root-dependent (r(r)) and basal (r(b)) components, in a vitis vinifera (chardonnay) vineyard. the r(s) components were estimated through independent field methods (y-intercept and trenching) and modeled on the basis of a q(10) response to soil temperature, and fine and coarse root respiration coefficients. the effect of assimilate availability on r(r) was assessed through a trunk girdling treatment. the apparent q(10) for r( ... | 2011 | 21919911 |
| the vitis vinifera c-repeat binding protein 4 (vvcbf4) transcriptional factor enhances freezing tolerance in wine grape. | chilling and freezing can reduce significantly vine survival and fruit set in vitis vinifera wine grape. to overcome such production losses, a recently identified grapevine c-repeat binding factor (cbf) gene, vvcbf4, was overexpressed in grape vine cv. 'freedom' and found to improve freezing survival and reduced freezing-induced electrolyte leakage by up to 2 °c in non-cold-acclimated vines. in addition, overexpression of this transgene caused a reduced growth phenotype similar to that observed ... | 2012 | 21914113 |
| optimization, in-house validation, and application of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms)-based method for the quantification of selected polyphenolic compounds in leaves of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | polyphenols in grapevine can be constitutive or induced, depending upon cultivar, plant organ, and environmental influences. the aim of the presented work was to develop and optimize a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) method to study the pattern and amount of selected polyphenols in leaves of vitis vinifera l. the method is simple and does not require any sample cleanup. it covers representative metabolites of the structure classes cinnamic acids, flavonoids, and stilben ... | 2011 | 21910493 |
| chemical ecology and management of lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | the moth lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae) feeds on grapes (vitis vinifera l.), reducing yield and increasing susceptibility to fungal infections. l. botrana is among the most economically important insects in europe and has recently been found in vineyards in chile, argentina, and california. here, we review l. botrana biology and behavior in relation to its larval host (the grapevine) and its natural enemies. we also discuss current and future control strategi ... | 2011 | 21882674 |
| novel measures of linkage disequilibrium that correct the bias due to population structure and relatedness. | among the several linkage disequilibrium measures known to capture different features of the non-independence between alleles at different loci, the most commonly used for diallelic loci is the r(2) measure. in the present study, we tackled the problem of the bias of r(2) estimate, which results from the sample structure and/or the relatedness between genotyped individuals. we derived two novel linkage disequilibrium measures for diallelic loci that are both extensions of the usual r(2) measure. ... | 2012 | 21878986 |
| antioxidant activity of grape skin aqueous extracts from pressurized hot water extraction combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. | pressurized hot water extraction (phwe) was employed to prepare extracts from dried grape skin of two wine grape varieties (st. laurent and alibernet) at various temperatures (from 40 up to 120°c) and amounts of sample (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 g). to assess the antioxidant activity of the extracts, electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectroscopy was applied involving dpph and abts(+) assays. other extract characteristics including hplc profile of anthocyanins and total phenolic compound content were ... | 2011 | 21872083 |
| multivariate analysis of the polyphenol composition of tempranillo and graciano red wines. | vitis vinifera l. cv graciano is often used as a blending partner of tempranillo based wines because it is considered to contribute significantly to the quality. the aim of this study is to discriminate between tempranillo and graciano monovarietal wines, and those made by the incorporation of 20% of graciano variety in two different stages (at the end of malolactic fermentation and mixing the two grape varieties in the pre-fermentative maceration stage) of the winemaking process of the temprani ... | 2011 | 21872058 |
| horam nonam exclamavit: sitio. the trace proteome of your daily vinegar. | the trace proteome of white-wine vinegar has been identified via capture with home-made combinatorial peptide ligand libraries under conditions mimicking reverse-phase capture, i.e. at ph 2.2 in presence of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid. a total of 27 unique gene products have been identified, of which 10 specific of the database vitis vinifera, 13 found in the general database uniprot_viridiplantae and 4 in swiss prot_all entries. the most abundant species detected, on the basis of spectral counts, ... | 2011 | 21867782 |
| occurrence, sensory impact, formation, and fate of damascenone in grapes, wines, and other foods and beverages. | among plant-derived odorants, damascenone is one of the most ubiquitous, sometimes occurring as an apparent natural product but more commonly occurring in processed foodstuffs and beverages. it has been widely reported as a component of alcoholic beverages, particularly of wines made from the grape vitis vinifera . although damascenone has one of the lowest ortho- and retronasal detection thresholds of any odorant, its contribution to the sensory properties of most products remains poorly unders ... | 2011 | 21866982 |
| varietal relationship between instrumental skin hardness and climate for grapevines (vitis vinifera l.). | the main aims of this work were to classify 30 colored and white wine grape varieties according to the berry skin hardness, to assess the influence of annual variations in climate on the berry skin hardness, and to establish significant relationships among berry skin mechanical properties and some climatic-bioclimatic indices calculated for different grape-ripening periods, close to the harvest date. the results obtained show that the most influential bioclimatic indices on the skin mechanical a ... | 2011 | 21861480 |
| phenolics and antioxidant capacity of table grape (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars grown in chile. | grapes (vitis vinifera l.) possess health-promoting effects attributed to their supply of a wide variety of bioactive phenolics. juice and skin fractions of 4 varieties of table grapes: red globe, crimson seedless, autumn royal, and ribier were prepared to determine and compare their total phenolics content, antioxidant capacity (dpph, frap, and orac), anthocyanins, and specific phenolics (caffeic acid, gallic acid, resveratrol, and catechin) content, since a series of positive health benefits a ... | 2011 | 21819404 |
| optimisation of solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry based methodology to establish the global volatile signature in pulp and skin of vitis vinifera l. grape varieties. | the volatiles (vocs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (svocs) responsible for aroma are mainly present in skin of grape varieties. thus, the present investigation is directed towards the optimisation of a solvent free methodology based on headspace-solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) combined with gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (gc-qms) in order to establish the global volatile composition in pulp and skin of bual and bastardo vitis vinifera l. varieties. a deep study on th ... | 2011 | 21807213 |
| unsupervised principal component analysis of nmr metabolic profiles for the assessment of substantial equivalence of transgenic grapes (vitis vinifera). | substantial equivalence is a key concept in the evaluation of unintended and potentially harmful metabolic impact consequent to a genetic modification of food. the application of unsupervised multivariate data analysis to the metabolic profiles is expected to improve the effectiveness of such evaluation. the present study uses nmr spectra of hydroalcoholic extracts, as holistic representations of the metabolic profiles of grapes, to evaluate the effect of the insertion of one or three copies of ... | 2011 | 21806070 |
| identification and expression analysis of genes associated with the early berry development in the seedless grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivar sultanine. | sultanine grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is one of the most important commercial seedless table-grape varieties and the main source of seedlessness for breeding programs around the world. despite its commercial relevance, little is known about the genetic control of seedlessness in grapes, remaining unknown the molecular identity of genes responsible for such phenotype. actually, studies concerning berry development in seedless grapes are scarce at the molecular level. we therefore developed a re ... | 2010 | 21802609 |
| isolation and expression analysis of salt induced genes from contrasting grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars. | salt stress adversely affects the growth of grapevine plants. in order to understand the molecular basis of salt stress response in grapevine plants, suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) and microarray based screening approaches were combined. two leaf-specific subtractive cdna libraries were constructed from grapevine plants subjected to a moderate, incremental salt stress treatment. ssh were performed 6h and 24h after nacl peaked at 100mm using cdnas prepared from leaves of a salt toler ... | 2010 | 21802607 |
| anthocyanin composition and extractability in berry skin and wine of vitis vinifera l. cv. aglianico. | the present article reports the anthocyanin content in the berry skin and wine of the italian red grape cultivar aglianico (clone vcr11 grafted onto 1103 paulsen), one of the most ancient vines and famous for its deep-red colour. anthocyanins were extracted from frozen berry skin in an acidified methanol solution. the extraction mixtures, monitored for 120 h, were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography. | 2011 | 21800322 |
| volatiles that encode host-plant quality in the grapevine moth. | plant volatiles are signals used by herbivorous insects to locate host plants and select oviposition sites. whether such volatiles are used as indicators of plant quality by adult insects in search of host plants has been rarely tested. we tested whether volatiles indicate plant quality by studying the oviposition of the grapevine moth lobesia botrana on the grapevine plant vitis vinifera. host plants were infected with a variety of microorganisms, and larval fitness was correlated to the infect ... | 2011 | 21794883 |
| investigations on the leaf anatomy and ultrastructure of grapevine (vitis vinifera) under heat stress. | leaf anatomical and ultrastructural responses of "razegui" and "muscat italia" grapevine cultivars to high temperatures were studied under controlled conditions (t > 36°c), based on photonic and electron microscopy. histological studies performed on leaves from heat-stressed and control grapevines revealed thicker leaf blades under high temperature conditions. environmental scanning electron microscopy of leaf surfaces from both cultivars allowed observing sinuate epidermal cells on the leaves o ... | 2011 | 21780249 |
| effects of elicitors on the production of resveratrol and viniferins in cell cultures of vitis vinifera l. cv italia. | methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid and chitosan were tested as elicitors on cell suspension cultures obtained from vitis vinifera cv italia to investigate their effect on stilbene production. stilbene accumulation in the callus, grown under nonelicited conditions, was also investigated. calli and cell suspensions were obtained in a b5 culture medium supplemented with 0.2 mg l(-1) naa and 1 mg l(-1) kin. stilbene determination was achieved by hplc/dad/ms. whereas callus biosynthesized only piceid, c ... | 2011 | 21751812 |
| identification of isomers of resveratrol dimer and their analogues from wine grapes by hplc/ms(n) and hplc/dad-uv. | a facile method based on hplc/(-)esi-ms(n) is established for the analysis of seven isomers of resveratrol dimers and three of their analogues in xinjiang wine grapes. the structures of these compounds are positively or tentatively determined. among them, three are tentatively identified as new compounds. ms(n) experiments on the [m-h](-) ions provide abundant structural information, especially regarding the relative abundance of the key product ions, m/z 333 and 369 (385 in compound 3), which c ... | 2011 | 23140727 |
| impact of cover crops in vineyard on the aroma compounds of vitis vinifera l. cv cabernet sauvignon wine. | this study compared the influence of different cover crops with clean tillage on wine aroma compounds of 5-year-old cabernet sauvignon vines. white clover, alfalfa, and tall fescue were used in the vineyard and compared with clean tillage. aroma compounds of wine were analysed by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (spme-gc/ms). forty-seven volatile compounds were identified and quantified. wines made from grapes grown with various cover crops had higher levels of ar ... | 2011 | 23140695 |
| host plant volatiles induce oriented flight behaviour in male european grapevine moths, lobesia botrana. | the european grapevine moth lobesia botrana relies on a female produced sex pheromone for long-distance mate finding. grapevine moth males compete heavily during limited time windows for females. the aim of this study was to investigate the perception of host plant volatiles by grapevine moth males and whether such compounds elicit upwind oriented flights. we compared five host plant headspace extracts by means of gas chromatography linked electroantennogram (eag) recording. we identified 12 com ... | 2011 | 21729701 |
| determination of the geographical origin of brazilian wines by isotope and mineral analysis. | in the present research, we studied wines from three different south brazilian winemaking regions with the purpose of differentiating them by geographical origin of the grapes. brazil's wide territory and climate diversity allow grape cultivation and winemaking in many regions of different and unique characteristics. the wine grape cultivation for winemaking concentrates in the south region, mainly in the serra gaúcha, the mountain area of the state of rio grande do sul, which is responsible for ... | 2011 | 21720735 |
| the susceptibility of small fruits and cherries to the spotted-wing drosophila, drosophila suzukii. | the spotted-wing drosophila, drosophila suzukii matsumura, is native to asia and was first detected in the north american mainland and europe in 2008-2010. drosophila suzukii is a serious economic pest to stone and small fruits because the female lays eggs within ripening fruit on a plant before harvest, which can lead to crop loss. the aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of blackberries, blueberries, cherries, grapes, raspberries and strawberries to d. suzukii among various rip ... | 2011 | 21710685 |
| mehercules, adhuc bacchus! the debate on wine proteomics continues. | the proteome of untreated white wines (a recioto made with garganega grapes from the veneto region) was explored in depth via capture with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (cpll) at four different ph values: ph 2.2, 3.8, 7.2, and 9.3. the combined data on the discoveries in the four cpll eluates, as well as in the collected bottle sediment, allowed the identification of 106 unique gene products belonging to vitis vinifera, as well as of an additional 11 proteins released by the s. cerevisi ... | 2011 | 21702502 |
| relationship between red wine grade and phenolics. 2. tannin composition and size. | commercial red wines ( vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz) produced during the 2009 vintage underwent winemaker assessment for allocation grade soon after production. the wines were then subjected to phenolic analysis to measure wine color (total anthocyanin, so(2) nonbleachable pigment, and wine color density) and tannins (concentration, composition, and average degree of polymerization). a positive relationship was found between wine phenolic concentration and projected bottle price. tannin composit ... | 2011 | 21702478 |
| sulphur dioxide evokes a large scale reprogramming of the grape berry transcriptome associated with oxidative signalling and biotic defence responses. | the grape and wine industries are heavily reliant on sulphite preservatives. however, the view that sulphites act directly on bacterial and fungal pathogens may be simplistic. mechanisms of sulphur-enhanced defences are largely unknown; many sulphur-rich compounds enhance plant defences and sulphite can also have oxidative consequences via production of h(2)o(2) or sulphitolysis. to investigate the effects of sulphur dioxide (so(2) ) on fresh table grapes (vitis vinifera l. 'crimson seedless'), ... | 2012 | 21689113 |
| inter- and intra-varietal genetic variability in malvasia cultivars. | the dna molecular analyses together with ampelography, ampelometry, and biochemistry are essential for grapevine identification and investigation of genetic differences among the vitis vinifera l. cultivars and clones. ten malvasia cultivars (i.e., istrian malvasia; m. delle lipari; m. bianca di candia; m. di candia aromatica; m. del lazio; m. bianca lunga, also known as malvasia del chianti; m. nera di brindisi/lecce; m. di casorzo; m. di schierano, and m. nera di bolzano) were analyzed using m ... | 2012 | 21688040 |
| epigenetic repressor-like genes are differentially regulated during grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) development. | grapevine sexual reproduction involves a seasonal separation between inflorescence primordia (flowering induction) and flower development. we hypothesized that a repression mechanism implicating epigenetic changes could play a role in the seasonal separation of these two developmental processes in grapevine. therefore, the expression of five grapevine genes with homology to the arabidopsis epigenetic repressor genes fertilization independent endosperm (fie), embryonic flower 2 (emf2), curly leaf ... | 2011 | 21681473 |
| transcriptome analysis of sarracenia, an insectivorous plant. | sarracenia species (pitcher plants) are carnivorous plants which obtain a portion of their nutrients from insects captured in the pitchers. to investigate these plants, we sequenced the transcriptome of two species, sarracenia psittacina and sarracenia purpurea, using roche 454 pyrosequencing technology. we obtained 46 275 and 36 681 contigs by de novo assembly methods for s. psittacina and s. purpurea, respectively, and further identified 16 163 orthologous contigs between them. estimation of s ... | 2011 | 21676972 |
| extensin network formation in vitis vinifera callus cells is an essential and causal event in rapid and h(2)o(2)-induced reduction in primary cell wall hydration. | extensin deposition is considered important for the correct assembly and biophysical properties of primary cell walls, with consequences to plant resistance to pathogens, tissue morphology, cell adhesion and extension growth. however, evidence for a direct and causal role for the extensin network formation in changes to cell wall properties has been lacking. | 2011 | 21672244 |
| the role of light in the regulation of ascorbate metabolism during berry development in the cultivated grapevine vitis vinifera l. | the accumulation of l-ascorbate (asc) in fruits is influenced by environmental factors including light quantity. fruit exposure to ambient light is often reduced by the surrounding leaf canopy, and can be altered by cultivation practices. the influence of reduced sunlight exposure on the accumulation of asc and its catabolites was investigated in field-grown berries of the cultivated grapevine vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz. | 2011 | 21656772 |
| accumulation and distribution pattern of macro- and microelements and trace elements in vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay berries. | this paper describes the accumulation pattern of 42 mineral elements in vitis vinifera l. berries during development and ripening and their distribution in berry skin, seeds, and flesh around harvest time. grape berries were sampled in two different vineyards with alkaline soil and analyzed using a icp-ms. although elemental amounts were significantly different in the grapes from the two vineyards, the accumulation pattern and percentage distribution in different parts of the berries were genera ... | 2011 | 21639148 |
| restructuring of endophytic bacterial communities in grapevine yellows-diseased and recovered vitis vinifera l. plants. | length heterogeneity-pcr assays, combined with statistical analyses, highlighted that the endophytic bacterial community associated with healthy grapevines was characterized by a greater diversity than that present in diseased and recovered plants. the findings suggest that phytoplasmas can restructure the bacterial community by selecting endophytic strains that could elicit a plant defense response. | 2011 | 21622794 |
| molecular phylogeny of the genus vitis (vitaceae) based on plastid markers. | | 2010 | 21616868 |
| the presence of melatonin in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) berry tissues. | melatonin has been reported in a variety of food plants and, consequently, in a number of plant-derived foodstuffs. in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) products, it was found in berry exocarp (skin) of different cultivars and monovarietal wines. herein, we assessed, by means of mass spectrometry, the occurrence of melatonin in all berry tissues (skin, flesh, and seed) at two different phenological stages, pre-véraison and véraison. we detected the highest melatonin content in skin, at pre-véraison, ... | 2011 | 21615489 |
| in vivo grapevine anthocyanin transport involves vesicle-mediated trafficking and the contribution of anthomate transporters and gst. | in cells, anthocyanin pigments are synthesized at the cytoplasmic surface of the endoplasmic reticulum, and are then transported and finally accumulated inside the vacuole. in vitis vinifera (grapevine), two kinds of molecular actors are putatively associated with the vacuolar sequestration of anthocyanins: a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) and two mate-type transporters, named anthomates. however, the sequence of events by which anthocyanins are imported into the vacuole remains unclear. we use ... | 2011 | 21605207 |
| melatonin levels, determined by lc-esi-ms/ms, fluctuate during the day/night cycle in vitis vinifera cv malbec: evidence of its antioxidant role in fruits. | the identification of melatonin in plants has inspired new investigations to understand its biological function and which endogenous and external factors control its levels in these organisms. owing to the therapeutical and nutraceutical properties of melatonin, it should be important to develop reliable analytical methods for its quantification in vegetal matrices containing this indoleamine, such as grape and wine. the main objectives of the present study were to test whether melatonin levels ... | 2011 | 21605162 |
| biosynthesis of methoxypyrazines: elucidating the structural/functional relationship of two vitis viniferao-methyltransferases capable of catalyzing the putative final step of the biosynthesis of 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazine. | 3-alkyl-2-methoxypyrazines (mps) are an important food constituent and have been associated with detrimental herbaceous flavors in red wines by consumers and the wine industry. the vitis vinifera genes o-methyltransferase 1 and 2 (vvomt1 and vvomt2) have been isolated in the grapevine cultivar carmenere. these genes encode s-adenosyl-l-methionine (sam)-dependent o-methyltransferases, which have the ability to methylate 3-alkyl-2-hydroxypyrazines (hps)-the putative final step in mps production. a ... | 2011 | 21591781 |
| fruit ripening in vitis vinifera: spatiotemporal relationships among turgor, sugar accumulation, and anthocyanin biosynthesis. | this study reports the first observations indicating the spatiotemporal relationships among genetic and physiological aspects of ripening in the berry of vitis vinifera. at the onset of ripening in the red flesh variety alicante bouschet, colour development began in the flesh at the stylar end of the fruit and progressed toward the pedicel end flesh and into the skin. tissue solute potential and cell turgor also decreased first in the flesh. the decrease in flesh solute potential was due to accu ... | 2011 | 21586429 |
| from vineyard to glass: agrochemicals enhance the melatonin and total polyphenol contents and antiradical activity of red wines. | resistance inducers are a class of agrochemicals, including benzothiadiazole and chitosan, which activate the plant own defence mechanisms. in this work, open-field treatments with plant activators were performed on two red grape (vitis vinifera l.) varieties cultivated in different localities, groppello (brescia, lombardia, italy) and merlot (treviso, veneto, italy). treatments were carried out every 10 days until the véraison and, after harvesting, experimental wines (microvinificates) were pr ... | 2011 | 21585520 |
| a dige-based quantitative proteomic analysis of grape berry flesh development and ripening reveals key events in sugar and organic acid metabolism. | grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is an economically important fruit crop. quality-determining grape components, such as sugars, acids, flavours, anthocyanins, tannins, etc., are accumulated during the different grape berry development stages. thus, correlating the proteomic profiles with the biochemical and physiological changes occurring in grape is of paramount importance to advance the understanding of the berry development and ripening processes. here, the developmental analysis of v. vinifera ... | 2011 | 21576399 |
| automated analysis of three-dimensional xylem networks using high-resolution computed tomography. | connections between xylem vessels represent important links in the vascular network, but the complexity of three-dimensional (3d) organization has been difficult to access. this study describes the development of a custom software package called tanax (tomography-derived automated network analysis of xylem) that automatically extracts vessel dimensions and the distribution of intervessel connections from high-resolution computed tomography scans of grapevine (vitis vinifera) stems, although the ... | 2011 | 21569032 |
| inflorescence of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.): a high ability to distribute its own assimilates. | the distribution of carbon (c) into whole grapevine fruiting cuttings was investigated during flower development to determine the relative contribution of inflorescence and leaf photoassimilates in the total c balance and to investigate their partitioning towards other plant organs. a (13)c labelling procedure was used to label c photoassimilates by leaves and inflorescences in grapevine. investigations were carried out at various stages of flower/berry development, from separated cluster to fru ... | 2011 | 21561954 |
| evolution of phenolic composition of red wine during vinification and storage and its contribution to wine sensory properties and antioxidant activity. | the objective of this work was to study the evolution of the phenolic composition of red wine during vinification and storage and its relationship with some sensory properties (astringency and bitterness) and antioxidant activities. thus, red wine was made by a classic vinification method with castelão and tinta miúda grapes (vitis vinifera l.) harvested at maturity (3:2; w/w). samples were taken at 2 and 7 days of maceration, at second racking, at the time of bottling and at 6 and 14 months aft ... | 2011 | 21561162 |
| acyl substrate preferences of an iaa-amido synthetase account for variations in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berry ripening caused by different auxinic compounds indicating the importance of auxin conjugation in plant development. | nine gretchen hagen (gh3) genes were identified in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) and six of these were predicted on the basis of protein sequence similarity to act as indole-3-acetic acid (iaa)-amido synthetases. the activity of these enzymes is thought to be important in controlling free iaa levels and one auxin-inducible grapevine gh3 protein, gh3-1, has previously been implicated in the berry ripening process. ex planta assays showed that the expression of only one other gh3 gene, gh3-2, incr ... | 2011 | 21543520 |
| phenolic composition of malbec grape skins and seeds from valle de uco (mendoza, argentina) during ripening. effect of cluster thinning. | the phenolic composition of malbec (vitis vinifera l.) grape skins and seeds during ripening and the effect of cluster thinning (ct) in two consecutive seasons (2008-2009) were evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (hplc-dad/esi-ms). removal of 50% of clusters was performed at 40 days (t1), 80 days (t2), and 100 days after flowering (t3) in a vineyard located in southern mendoza (argentina). yield components, with the ... | 2011 | 21520971 |
| comparative transcriptomic profiling of vitis vinifera under high light using a custom-made array and the affymetrix genechip. | understanding abiotic stress responses is one of the most important issues in plant research nowadays. abiotic stress, including excess light, can promote the onset of oxidative stress through the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. oxidative stress also arises when in vitro propagated plants are exposed to high light upon transfer to ex vitro. to determine whether the underlying pathways activated at the transfer of in vitro grapevine to ex vitro conditions reflect the processes occurring ... | 2011 | 21498622 |
| effect of pollination and fertilization on the expression of genes related to floral transition, hormone synthesis and berry development in grapevine. | in the present work, the effect of assisted fertilization on anatomical, morphological and gene expression changes occurring in carpels and during early stages of berry development in vitis vinifera were studied. inflorescences were emasculated before capfall, immediately manually pollinated (ep) and fruit development was compared to emasculated but non-pollinated (enp) and self-pollinated inflorescences (nesp). the diameter of berries derived from pollinated flowers (ep and nesp) was significan ... | 2011 | 21497942 |
| deep sequencing of grapevine flower and berry short rna library for discovery of novel micrornas and validation of precise sequences of grapevine micrornas deposited in mirbase. | micrornas (mirnas) are a class of non-coding rna molecules which have significant gene regulation roles in organisms. the advent of new high-throughput sequencing technologies has enabled the discovery of novel mirnas. although there are two recent reports on high-throughput sequencing analysis of small rna libraries from different organs of two wine grapevine varieties, there was a significant divergence in the number and kinds of mirnas sequenced in these studies. more sequencing of small rna ... | 2011 | 21496033 |
| determination of stilbene derivatives in burgundy red wines by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography. | the polyphenols, for example stilbenes and flavonoids, are an important family of compounds present in grapes and wines. several studies have shown that stilbenes are antioxidants and cancer-preventing agents. for the first time, eight natural stilbenes (trans-resveratrol, trans-piceid, cis-piceid, trans-astringin, trans-piceatannol, (+)-trans-ε-viniferin, pallidol, and hopeaphenol), isolated and purified from vitis vinifera, were simultaneously analysed by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatogra ... | 2011 | 21487710 |
| pectin-derived oligosaccharides increase color and anthocyanin content in flame seedless grapes. | grapes grown in warm weather do not develop a desirable red color and require the use of products to enhance berry color. pectin-derived oligosaccharides (pdos) have been shown to have a role in various responses including plant defense, growth and development. in this work a mixture of pdos with 3-20 degrees of polymerization was applied to vitis vinifera cv. flame seedless grapes under field conditions and compared to the effects of ethephon (an ethylene-releasing compound). the effect of trea ... | 2011 | 21484810 |
| solar uv-b and aba are involved in phenol metabolism of vitis vinifera l. increasing biosynthesis of berry skin polyphenols. | it has been previously found that abscisic acid (aba) participates in the activation of grapevine leaf tissue defense against potentially damaging effects of solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b), apparently by triggering biosynthesis of phenols that filter the harmful radiation and act as antioxidants. the present work studies the effect of solar uv-b and exogenously applied aba on berry growth, sugar accumulation, and phenol (anthocyanin and nonanthocyanin) profiles across berry development and ... | 2011 | 21469737 |
| occurrence and estimation of trans-resveratrol in one-year-old canes from seven major chinese grape producing regions. | the concentration of trans-resveratrol in 165 grape cane samples from three major grape production regions and four large distribution centers of chinese wild vitis species were determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). among the different genotype groups and purpose of uses, cultivars of v. vinifera had much higher amounts of trans-resveratrol than did the cultivars of both v. labrusca or v. labrusca and v. vinifera hybrids, and within the v. vinifera species, ... | 2011 | 21455097 |
| expression analysis of phytochromes a, b and floral integrator genes during the entry and exit of grapevine-buds from endodormancy. | a common molecular regulatory pathway that involves phya, phyb and floral integrator genes constans (co), flowering locus t (ft) and supressor of overexpression of co1 (soc1) has been suggested to participate in the regulation of photoperiod dependent processes such as flowering and dormancy. in grapevines (vitis vinifera l.), decreasing photoperiod and low temperatures trigger the transition of buds into endodormancy (ed), a process that is accompanied by drastic changes in gene expression of v ... | 2011 | 21453983 |
| proteomic analysis of grape berry cell cultures reveals that developmentally regulated ripening related processes can be studied using cultured cells. | this work describes a proteomics profiling method, optimized and applied to berry cell suspensions to evaluate organ-specific cultures as a platform to study grape berry ripening. variations in berry ripening within a cluster(s) on a vine and in a vineyard are a major impediment towards complete understanding of the functional processes that control ripening, specifically when a characterized and homogenous sample is required. berry cell suspensions could overcome some of these problems, but the ... | 2011 | 21379583 |
| increased accumulation and decreased catabolism of anthocyanins in red grape cell suspension culture following magnesium treatment. | anthocyanins are the largest and best studied group of plant pigments. however, not very much is known about the fate of these phenolic pigments after they have accumulated in the cell vacuoles of plant tissues. we have previously shown that magnesium treatment of ornamentals during the synthesis of anthocyanins in the flowers or foliage caused an increase in the pigment concentration. in this study, we characterized the effect of magnesium on the accumulation of anthocyanin in red cell suspensi ... | 2011 | 21369922 |
| changes of platelet antioxidative enzymes during oxidative stress: the protective effect of polyphenol-rich extract from berries of aronia melanocarpa and grape seeds. | aronia melanocarpa fruits (rosaceae) and grape seeds (seeds of vitis vinifera, vitaceae) are two of the richest plant sources of phenolic substances, and they have been shown to have various biological activities. the aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the action of phenolic extracts (at concentrations 5-100 µg/ml) of two different plants, berries of a. melanocarpa (chokebbery) and grape seeds, on the activities of various antioxidative enzymes, the amount of glutathione (as ... | 2011 | 21299394 |
| genetic structure and domestication history of the grape. | the grape is one of the earliest domesticated fruit crops and, since antiquity, it has been widely cultivated and prized for its fruit and wine. here, we characterize genome-wide patterns of genetic variation in over 1,000 samples of the domesticated grape, vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera, and its wild relative, v. vinifera subsp. sylvestris from the us department of agriculture grape germplasm collection. we find support for a near east origin of vinifera and present evidence of introgression fr ... | 2011 | 21245334 |
| high throughput analysis of grape genetic diversity as a tool for germplasm collection management. | using 20 ssr markers well scattered across the 19 grape chromosomes, we analyzed 4,370 accessions of the inra grape repository at vassal, mostly cultivars of vitis vinifera subsp. sativa (3,727), but also accessions of v. vinifera subsp. sylvestris (80), interspecific hybrids (364), and rootstocks (199). the analysis revealed 2,836 ssr single profiles: 2,323 sativa cultivars, 72 wild individuals (sylvestris), 306 interspecific hybrids, and 135 rootstocks, corresponding to 2,739 different cultiva ... | 2011 | 21234742 |
| berry skin development in norton grape: distinct patterns of transcriptional regulation and flavonoid biosynthesis. | the complex and dynamic changes during grape berry development have been studied in vitis vinifera, but little is known about these processes in other vitis species. the grape variety 'norton', with a major portion of its genome derived from vitis aestivalis, maintains high levels of malic acid and phenolic acids in the ripening berries in comparison with v. vinifera varieties such as cabernet sauvignon. furthermore, norton berries develop a remarkably high level of resistance to most fungal pat ... | 2011 | 21219654 |
| influence of skin hardness on dehydration kinetics of wine grapes. | knowledge of the influence of initial mechanical properties on the evolution of the weight loss of berries through the drying process is scarce. therefore, the main purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of skin hardness at two different physiological stages of off-vine drying kinetics of grapes. skin hardness was evaluated as the berry skin-break force parameter, measured by the texture analysis test. | 2011 | 21218485 |
| new phenolic grape skin products from vitis vinifera cv. pinot noir. | anthocyanins and their related compounds were extracted from grape skins of pinot noir, using 50% aqueous methanol, and purified by solid phase extraction chromatography using xad-7 resin to obtain a pigment-rich fraction. this fraction was subjected to multilayer coil countercurrent chromatography (mlccc) using a quaternary solvent system consisting of tert-butyl methyl ether/n-butanol/acetonitrile/water acidified with 0.01% trifluoroacetic acid (2:2:0.1-1.8:5) (v/v/v/v) in a step gradient elut ... | 2011 | 21214245 |
| reductions in biomass accumulation, photosynthesis in situ and net carbon balance are the costs of protecting vitis vinifera 'semillon' grapevines from heat stress with shade covering. | covering whole vines with shade cloth is used to protect the vines from heat stress, but may have costs on vine productivity through reduced light availability. our aim was to assess the carbon balance of vines growing with and without shade to quantify the impact of the covering. | 2011 | 22476493 |
| effects of pulsed electric field on secondary metabolism of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux suspension culture and exudates. | plant cell cultures provide a large potential for the production of secondary metabolites. through the application of different physical and chemical cell stress factors, we investigated the production of the secondary metabolites in plant cell cultures. the effects of pulsed electric field (pef) and ethephon on growth and secondary metabolism, particularly anthocyanins and phenolic acids synthesis, were investigated by using suspension culture of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux as a model sy ... | 2011 | 21190090 |
| low-temperature-induced transcription factors in grapevine enhance cold tolerance in transgenic arabidopsis plants. | we report the characterization of low-temperature-induced transcription factors in grapevine (vitis vinifera). four transcription factors were identified in low-temperature-treated grapevine. the expression of v. vinifera c-repeat-binding factors, vvcbf2, vvcbf4, and vvcbfl, and v. vinifera b-box-type zinc finger protein, vvzfpl, was immediately induced and upregulated in leaves by the low-temperature treatment. similar induction of the gene expression was observed in low-temperature-treated ste ... | 2011 | 21185622 |
| patterns of sequence polymorphism in the fleshless berry locus in cultivated and wild vitis vinifera accessions. | unlike in tomato, little is known about the genetic and molecular control of fleshy fruit development of perennial fruit trees like grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). here we present the study of the sequence polymorphism in a 1 mb grapevine genome region at the top of chromosome 18 carrying the fleshless berry mutation (flb) in order, first to identify snp markers closely linked to the gene and second to search for possible signatures of domestication. | 2010 | 21176183 |
| genomic and transcriptomic analysis of the ap2/erf superfamily in vitis vinifera. | the ap2/erf protein family contains transcription factors that play a crucial role in plant growth and development and in response to biotic and abiotic stress conditions in plants. grapevine (vitis vinifera) is the only woody crop whose genome has been fully sequenced. so far, no detailed expression profile of ap2/erf-like genes is available for grapevine. | 2010 | 21171999 |
| water deficit increases stilbene metabolism in cabernet sauvignon berries. | the impact of water deficit on stilbene biosynthesis in wine grape (vitis vinifera) berries was investigated. water deficit increased the accumulation of trans-piceid (the glycosylated form of resveratrol) by 5-fold in cabernet sauvignon berries but not in chardonnay. similarly, water deficit significantly increased the transcript abundance of genes involved in the biosynthesis of stilbene precursors in cabernet sauvignon. increased expression of stilbene synthase, but not that of resveratrol-o- ... | 2011 | 21128664 |
| characterization of expression dynamics of wox homeodomain transcription factors during somatic embryogenesis in vitis vinifera. | different cultivars of vitis vinifera vary in their potential to form embryogenic tissues. the wuschel (wus)-related homeobox (wox) genes have been shown to play an important role in coordinating the gene transcription involved in the early phases of embryogenesis. the expression dynamics of 12 vvwox genes present in the v. vinifera genome in embryogenic and other tissues of 'chardonnay' were analysed. in order to understand the influence of wox genes on the somatic embryogenic process, their ex ... | 2011 | 21127025 |
| environmental stress enhances biosynthesis of flavor precursors, s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-glutathione and s-3-(hexan-1-ol)-l-cysteine, in grapevine through glutathione s-transferase activation. | the biosynthesis of s-(3-hexan-1-ol)-glutathione (3mh-s-glut) and s-(3-hexan-l-ol)-l-cysteine (3mh-s-cys), which act as flavour precursors in wines, in vitis vinifera grapes exposed to various environmental stress conditions is reported here. ultraviolet (uv-c) irradiation, water deficit, and biological stimulation up-regulated 3mh-s-glut and 3mh-s-cys biosynthesis in grape leaves. 3mh-s-glut and 3mh-s-cys contents in grape berries were increased by cold shock, heat shock, uv-c irradiation, and ... | 2011 | 21115666 |
| drying of 'perlette' grape under different physical treatment for raisin making. | experiments were conducted to evaluate the suitability of grape (vitis vinifera l) cv. 'perlette' for raisin preparation with different physical treatments. the treatments consisted of whole berries, half cut berries and berries with superficial abrasion of peel/waxy cuticle. the effectiveness of these treatments on drying characteristics and quality of the prepared raisin were studied. the half cut berries took less time to dry as compared to scratchy surfaced berries and whole berries. drying ... | 2010 | 23572696 |
| volatile compounds and sensory attributes of wine from cv. merlot (vitis vinifera l.) grown under differential levels of water deficit with or without a kaolin-based, foliar reflectant particle film. | the volatile composition and sensory attributes of merlot wines produced from vines under differing levels of water stress, with or without a foliar, kaolin-based particle film, were analyzed by stir bar sorptive extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (sbse-gc-ms) and sensory evaluation. vines were irrigated over consecutive vintages with 100, 70, or 35% of their estimated water requirements (et(c)), or 35% until color change then 70% until harvest (35-70% et(c)). neither of the treatme ... | 2010 | 21080711 |
| plant high tolerance to excess manganese related with root growth, manganese distribution and antioxidative enzyme activity in three grape cultivars. | the cuttings of grape (vitis vinifera linn.) were exposed to hoagland's solution containing five different manganese (mn) concentrations to investigate mn toxicity and the possible detoxifying responses. three genotypes (i.e. cultivars combiner, jingshou and shuijing) were used in present study. the results showed that grape species is highly tolerant to excess mn. the plant growth is stimulated by as high as 15 or 30 mm mn, and then depressed by higher mn levels. the grape tolerance to excess m ... | 2011 | 21075449 |
| loss of rachis cell viability is associated with ripening disorders in grapes. | rachises of grape (vitis vinifera l.) clusters that appeared healthy or displayed symptoms of the ripening disorders berry shrivel (bs) or bunch-stem necrosis (bsn) were treated with the cellular viability stain fluorescein diacetate and examined by confocal microscopy. clusters with bs and bsn symptoms experienced a decrease of cell viability throughout the rachis, and their berries contained 70-80% less sugar than healthy berries. the xylem-mobile dye basic fuchsin, infiltrated via the cut bas ... | 2011 | 21071679 |
| specific poly-phenolic compounds in cell culture of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux. | cell cultures established from plants represent an attractive alternative to whole plants for effective production of bioactive secondary metabolites. cell culture from vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux accumulated high amounts of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives and anthocyanins. two new compounds were identified: 3-o-glucosylresveratrol, a stilbene derivative, abundant in cell suspension culture, and a hydroxyphenol, 4-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-phenol, abundant in callus culture. the major anthoc ... | 2011 | 21061087 |
| changes of flavan-3-ols with different degrees of polymerization in seeds of 'shiraz', 'cabernet sauvignon' and 'marselan' grapes after veraison. | flavan-3-ols consist of flavan-3-ol monomers and polymers with different degrees of polymerization (dp). in this study, flavan-3-ol extracts from grape seeds were well separated into three fractions including monomers, oligomers (2 < dp < 10) and polymers (dp > 10), by means of normal-phase hplc-ms. the different patterns of these three fractions were analyzed in three vitis vinifera cultivars ('shiraz', 'cabernet sauvignon' and 'marselan') seeds from veraison to harvest. the results showed: (1) ... | 2010 | 21060287 |
| functional annotation, genome organization and phylogeny of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) terpene synthase gene family based on genome assembly, flcdna cloning, and enzyme assays. | terpenoids are among the most important constituents of grape flavour and wine bouquet, and serve as useful metabolite markers in viticulture and enology. based on the initial 8-fold sequencing of a nearly homozygous pinot noir inbred line, 89 putative terpenoid synthase genes (vvtps) were predicted by in silico analysis of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) genome assembly 1. the finding of this very large vvtps family, combined with the importance of terpenoid metabolism for the organoleptic prope ... | 2010 | 20964856 |
| transcriptome changes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cv. malbec leaves induced by ultraviolet-b radiation. | ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b, 280-315 nm) is a natural component of sunlight, which has numerous regulatory effects on plant physiology. the nature of the response to uv-b is dependent on fluence rate, dose, duration and wavelength of the uv-b treatment. some reports have analyzed the changes in gene expression caused by uv-b light on several plant species using microarray technology. however, there is no information on the transcriptome response triggered by uv-b in grapevine. in this paper we ... | 2010 | 20959019 |
| chemical characterization and enological potential of raboso varieties by study of secondary grape metabolites. | dna studies supported by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analysis of seed proteins showed that the vitis vinifera red grape variety raboso veronese is the progeny of a spontaneous cross between raboso piave (red) and marzemina bianca (white) varieties. in the present work, the main secondary grape metabolites of raboso varieties were studied, and their enological potential was evaluated and compared with that of other red varieties reported in the lit ... | 2010 | 20942460 |
| top 10 botanical ingredients in 2010 anti-aging creams. | new developments in the realm of skin rejuvenation such as phytotherapy are at an astounding increasing pace in the cosmeceutical market. yet, many of these products that are classified as cosmeceuticals are tested less vigorously and do not have to be approved by the food and drug administration to establish efficacy and safety. thus, as clinicians, we must ask the question, "is there science-based evidence to validate the mechanism of these new treatments?" we assessed the top anti-aging cream ... | 2010 | 20883295 |