| isorhapontigenin: a novel bioactive stilbene from wine grapes. | stilbenes are a family of bioactive compounds found in plants. however, only a few stilbenes are present in the human diet. grape and wine are the main dietary source of stilbenes, resveratrol and piceid being the most common ones. ultraviolet c light (uvc) postharvest treatment was used to obtain significantly increased stilbene concentration in grapes. a new, previously undescribed-in-grapes stilbene was found after uvc treatment. the process followed to isolate and identify this unknown stilb ... | 2012 | 22953865 |
| copper transport and compartmentation in grape cells. | copper-based fungicides have been widely used against several grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) diseases since the late 1800s when the bordeaux mixture was developed, but their intensive use has raised phytotoxicity concerns. in this study, physiological, biochemical and molecular approaches were combined to investigate the impacts of copper in grape cells and how it is transported and compartmented intracellularly. copper reduced the growth and viability of grape cells (csb, cabernet sauvignon berr ... | 2012 | 22952251 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray characterization of the vitis vinifera fucokinase:gdp-fucose pyrophosphorylase. | the vitis vinifera dual-activity fucose and nucleotide-sugar metabolizing enzyme l-fucokinase:gdp-fucose pyrophosphorylase (fkp) has been purified to homogeneity and the 118.8 kda monomeric protein has been crystallized by vapor diffusion in zeppezauer tubes at 277 k. crystals of the apoenzyme diffracted to 2.6 å resolution and belonged to the tetragonal space group p4(1)2(1)2. there is a single fkp monomer in the asymmetric unit, giving a matthews coefficient of 3.22 å(3) da(-1) and a solvent c ... | 2012 | 22949207 |
| the grapevine expression atlas reveals a deep transcriptome shift driving the entire plant into a maturation program. | we developed a genome-wide transcriptomic atlas of grapevine (vitis vinifera) based on 54 samples representing green and woody tissues and organs at different developmental stages as well as specialized tissues such as pollen and senescent leaves. together, these samples expressed ∼91% of the predicted grapevine genes. pollen and senescent leaves had unique transcriptomes reflecting their specialized functions and physiological status. however, microarray and rna-seq analysis grouped all the oth ... | 2012 | 22948079 |
| classification of grape berries according to diameter and total soluble solids to study the effect of light and temperature on methoxypyrazine, glutathione, and hydroxycinnamate evolution during ripening of sauvignon blanc (vitis vinifera l.). | grape berries were classified according to diameter and total soluble solids (tss) to study the effect of light and temperature on methoxypyrazines (mps), glutathione (gsh), and hydroxycinnamates (hcas) during the ripening of sauvignon blanc. the light exposure of the fruiting zone was modified within leaf and lateral removal at the phenological stage berry of peppercorn size and no removal (control). in comparison to the control, the concentration of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (ibmp) was belo ... | 2012 | 22946638 |
| the influence of fining agents on the removal of some pesticides from white wine of vitis vinifera l. cv. emir. | the influences of fining agents (activated carbon, casein, kieselsol-gelatine, bentonite and polyvinylpolypyrrolidone) and their doses (low, middle, high) on the removal of six pesticides used in viticulture (vinclozolin, penconazole, α-endosulfan, imazalil, nuarimol and tetradifon) from white wine were investigated. the pesticides were added into white wine obtained from the emir grape, and then the wine was clarified with the use of fining agents at low, middle and high doses. after the fining ... | 2012 | 22939932 |
| [cadmium accumulation, subcellular distribution, and chemical forms in vitis vinifera cv. chardonnay grapevine]. | a pot culture experiment was conducted to study the cd absorption, cd subcellular distribution, and cd chemical forms in one-year old self-rooted chardonnay and so4 rootstock-grafted chardonnay grapevine after root-irrigating with different concentration cdcl and cacl2. in the grapevine, the absorbed cd was mostly distributed in underground organs (root and rhizome). in treatment 4 mmol x l(-1) of cdcl2, 77.1% and 1.4% of the absorbed cd in self-rooted chardonnay were accumulated in underground ... | 2012 | 22937650 |
| expression and in situ localization of two major pr proteins of grapevine berries during development and after uv-c exposition. | in grapevine vitis vinifera l. cv pinot noir, the pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins chi4d and tl3 are among the most abundant extractable pr proteins of ripe berries and accumulate during berry ripening from véraison until full maturation. evidence was supplied in favor of the involvement of these two protein families in plant defense mechanisms and plant development. in order to better understand chi4d and tl3 function in grapevine, we analyzed their temporal and spatial pattern of expression ... | 2012 | 22937077 |
| attachment of chloride anion to sugars: mechanistic investigation and discovery of a new dopant for efficient sugar ionization/detection in mass spectrometers. | a new method for efficient ionization of sugars in the negative-ion mode of electrospray mass spectrometry is presented. instead of using strongly hydrophobic dopants such as dichloromethane or chloroform, efficient ionization of sugars has been achieved by using aqueous hcl solution for the first time. this methodology makes it possible to use hydrophilic dopants, which are more appropriate for chromatographic separation techniques with efficient sugar ionization and detection in mass spectrome ... | 2012 | 22936644 |
| regulation of the grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein encoding gene: expression pattern, induction profile and promoter analysis. | regulation of defense in plants is a complex process mediated by various signaling pathways. promoter analysis of defense-related genes is useful to understand these signaling pathways involved in regulation. to this end, the regulation of the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein encoding gene from vitis vinifera l. (vvpgip1) was analyzed with regard to expression pattern and induction profile as well as the promoter in terms of putative regulatory elements present, core promoter size and the st ... | 2013 | 22932820 |
| influence of intensity and duration of regulated deficit irrigation on erythroneura elegantula (hemiptera: cicadellidae) on grape. | we conducted studies in a paso robles, ca, grape (vitis vinifera l.) vineyard in 2002 and 2003 to estimate the impact of regulated deficit irrigation (rdi) intensity and duration on western grape leafhopper, erythroneura elegantula osborn. treatments were based on deficit intensity, 50 and 25% of standard irrigation (moderate and severe deficits, respectively), and deficit duration, 3 or 6 wk time, initiated at the grape phenological stage of berry set. the standard irrigation served as the cont ... | 2012 | 22928309 |
| potential anticancer properties of grape antioxidants. | dietary intake of foods rich in antioxidant properties is suggested to be cancer protective. foods rich in antioxidant properties include grape (vitis vinifera), one of the world's largest fruit crops and most commonly consumed fruits in the world. the composition and cancer-protective effects of major phenolic antioxidants in grape skin and seed extracts are discussed in this review. grape skin and seed extracts exert strong free radical scavenging and chelating activities and inhibit lipid oxi ... | 2012 | 22919383 |
| antioxidant profile and in vitro cardiac radical-scavenging versus pro-oxidant effects of commercial red grape juices ( vitis vinifera l. cv. aglianico n.). | several works have reported on the pharmaceutical usefulness of grape phytochemicals. nevertheless, the scientific literature needs further studies to consider grape extracts as useful dietary supplements. the aim of the present work was to hypothesize for the first time the use of whole commercial red grape juices as food supplements potentially useful against both physiological and induced cardiac oxidative stress. first of all, the results indicated a good antioxidant stability of the juice s ... | 2012 | 22917058 |
| identification of trans-acting sirnas and their regulatory cascades in grapevine. | trans-acting small interfering rnas (ta-sirnas) play an essential role in the regulation of plant gene expression, but relevant reports are still limited. bioinformatic analyses indicate that many ta-sirna-producing loci (tass) are present in plants, implying the existence of as yet undiscovered ta-sirnas and related regulatory pathways. to expand our knowledge of these plant gene regulators, we applied high-throughput computational and experimental methods to grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | 2012 | 22914222 |
| comparison between modified dna extraction protocols and commercial isolation kits in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | various protocols have been developed and used for dna extraction in grapevine. however, owing to the long duration of the isolation steps in previously developed protocols, researchers have preferred to use isolation kits for studies in recent years. in our study, the dna yield and purity obtained using six methods--namely three dna isolation protocols and three commercial dna isolation kits--were compared. modifications were made and the isolation steps were shortened in the previously develop ... | 2012 | 22911604 |
| construction of a high-density genetic map for grape using next generation restriction-site associated dna sequencing. | genetic mapping and qtl detection are powerful methodologies in plant improvement and breeding. construction of a high-density and high-quality genetic map would be of great benefit in the production of superior grapes to meet human demand. high throughput and low cost of the recently developed next generation sequencing (ngs) technology have resulted in its wide application in genome research. sequencing restriction-site associated dna (rad) might be an efficient strategy to simplify genotyping ... | 2012 | 22908993 |
| molecular characterization of vvsdir1 from vitis vinifera and its functional analysis by heterologous expression in nicotiana tabacum. | the proteins harboring really interesting new gene (ring) finger domains comprise a large family and play key roles in a variety of cellular processes. one among them is the tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. in the present study, we characterize vitis vinifera salt- and drought-induced ring finger 1 (vvsdir1) a homologue of the arabidopsis sdir1 gene obtained from v. vinifera. the vvsdir1 gene was identified using in silico approaches and encodes a membrane-localized protein. t ... | 2013 | 22886312 |
| identification of genes differentially expressed in grapevine associated with resistance to elsinoe ampelina through suppressive subtraction hybridization. | anthracnose, caused by the biotrophic fungus elsinoe ampelina, is an economically devastating disease of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) prevalent in warm and humid regions of the world. in order to investigate the molecular resistance mechanisms and identify genes related to anthracnose resistance in grapevine, a suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) library was constructed using mixed cdnas prepared from leaves of chinese wild vitis quinquangularis clone 'shang-24', cdna prepared from leav ... | 2012 | 22864229 |
| tissue-specific and developmental modifications of grape cell walls influence the adsorption of proanthocyanidins. | cell wall material from vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon grape skin and flesh was isolated at different stages of grape maturity to determine whether developmental changes in cell wall composition in different tissue types influence the binding of proanthocyanidins (pas). trends in cell wall adsorption of, and selectivity for, pas were determined using two skin pas that differed in their average molecular masses. flesh cell walls consistently bound a higher amount of pa than those from s ... | 2012 | 22860923 |
| comparison on phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of cabernet sauvignon and merlot wines from four wine grape-growing regions in china. | the antioxidant activities in the cabernet sauvignon and merlot wines from four wine grape-growing regions in china were measured by different analytical assays: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph·), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (cuprac), superoxide radical-scavenging activity (srsa) and the contents of total phenols, total flavonoids, total flavanols and total anthocyanins were determined. the results showed that the contents of phenolic compounds and the levels of antioxidant activity ... | 2012 | 22832882 |
| grape berry bacterial microbiota: impact of the ripening process and the farming system. | wine grapes are a primary source of microbial communities that play a prominent role in the quality of grapes prior to harvesting, as well as in the winemaking process. this study investigated the dynamics and diversity of the epiphytic bacteria on the grape berry surface during maturation. the quantitative and qualitative effects of conventional and organic farming systems on this microbial community were investigated, using both cultivation-dependent and independent approaches. analyses of gra ... | 2012 | 22809638 |
| chemometric analysis for the detection of biogenic amines in chilean cabernet sauvignon wines: a comparative study between organic and nonorganic production. | in this work, the presence of biogenic amines (bas) was correlated with the type of wine grape culture (traditional or organic) and their concentration in the different stages of winemaking (must, alcoholic fermentation [af] and malolactic fermentation [mlf]). the formation of ba occurred mainly during mlf in which the percentages for putrescine, cadaverine, phenylethylamine, histamine, and tyramine were 100%, 70%, 13%, 61%, and 44% for the wines produced with traditional grapes and 100%, 94%, 2 ... | 2012 | 22809090 |
| modulation of protein phosphorylation, n-glycosylation and lys-acetylation in grape (vitis vinifera) mesocarp and exocarp owing to lobesia botrana infection. | grapevine (vitis vinifera) is an economically important fruit crop that is subject to many types of insect and pathogen attack. to better elucidate the plant response to lobesia botrana pathogen infection, we initiated a global comparative proteomic study monitoring steady-state protein expression as well as changes in n-glycosylation, phosphorylation, and lys-acetylation in control and infected mesocarp and exocarp from v. vinifera cv italia. a multi-parallel, large-scale proteomic approach emp ... | 2012 | 22778145 |
| a core-shell column approach to a comprehensive high-performance liquid chromatography phenolic analysis of vitis vinifera l. and interspecific hybrid grape juices, wines, and other matrices following either solid phase extraction or direct injection. | four high-throughput reverse-phase chromatographic protocols utilizing two different core-shell column chemistries have been developed to analyze the phenolic profiles of complex matrices, specifically targeting juices and wines produced from interspecific hybrid grape cultivars. following pre-fractionation via solid-phase extraction or direct injection, individual protocols were designed to resolve, identify and quantify specific chemical classes of compounds including non-anthocyanin monomeric ... | 2012 | 22771069 |
| berry flesh and skin ripening features in vitis vinifera as assessed by transcriptional profiling. | ripening of fleshy fruit is a complex developmental process involving the differentiation of tissues with separate functions. during grapevine berry ripening important processes contributing to table and wine grape quality take place, some of them flesh- or skin-specific. in this study, transcriptional profiles throughout flesh and skin ripening were followed during two different seasons in a table grape cultivar 'muscat hamburg' to determine tissue-specific as well as common developmental progr ... | 2012 | 22768087 |
| carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of grapes (vitis vinifera) cultivated in organic and conventional systems. | organic agriculture involve plants which are cultivated without using synthetic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers and promotes biodiversity, biological cycles and improve the product quality. the carotenoids, total polyphenols and the antioxidant activity from skins of some wine and table grapes cultivated in organic and conventional agriculture were studied. | 2012 | 22762349 |
| crystal, solution and in silico structural studies of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from the common grapevine. | dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps) catalyzes the rate limiting step in lysine biosynthesis in bacteria and plants. the structure of dhdps has been determined from several bacterial species and shown in most cases to form a homotetramer or dimer of dimers. however, only one plant dhdps structure has been determined to date from the wild tobacco species, nicotiana sylvestris (blickling et al. (1997) j. mol. biol. 274, 608-621). whilst n. sylvestris dhdps also forms a homotetramer, the plant enzy ... | 2012 | 22761676 |
| solid phase microextraction as a reliable alternative to conventional extraction techniques to evaluate the pattern of hydrolytically released components in vitis vinifera l. grapes. | in present research, headspace solid-phase microextraction (hs-spme) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-qms), was evaluated as a reliable and improved alternative to the commonly used liquid-liquid extraction (lle) technique for the establishment of the pattern of hydrolytically released components of 7 vitis vinifera l. grape varieties, commonly used to produce the world-famous madeira wine. since there is no data available on their glycosidic fractions, at a first step, two h ... | 2012 | 22748548 |
| protective effects of hv-p411 complex against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. | this study examined the hepatoprotective effect of the hv-p411 complex, an herbal extract mixture from the seeds of vitis vinifera, schisandra chinensis and taraxacum officinale, against d-galactosamine (d-galn)-induced hepatitis. hepatotoxicity was induced by d-galn (700 mg/kg, i.p.), and the hv-p411 complex was administered orally 48, 24, and 2 h before and 6 h after d-galn injection. increases in serum aminotransferase activity and lipid peroxidation and a decrease in hepatic glutathione cont ... | 2012 | 22745064 |
| rapid measurement of methyl cellulose precipitable tannins using ultraviolet spectroscopy with chemometrics: application to red wine and inter-laboratory calibration transfer. | information relating to tannin concentration in grapes and wine is not currently available simply and rapidly enough to inform decision-making by grape growers, winemakers, and wine researchers. spectroscopy and chemometrics have been implemented for the analysis of critical grape and wine parameters and offer a possible solution for rapid tannin analysis. we report here the development and validation of an ultraviolet (uv) spectral calibration for the prediction of tannin concentration in red w ... | 2012 | 22732536 |
| effects of bois noir on carbon assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance of leaves and yield of grapevine (vitis vinifera) cv. chardonnay. | bois noir (bn) is one of the main phytoplasma diseases of grapevine (vitis vinifera). it is widespread, and can cause severe losses in european vineyards. the infective agent colonizes phloem elements and induces visible symptoms of leaf yellowing or reddening after a relatively long incubation period. as the most sensitive cultivars to bn, chardonnay plants were grouped as healthy or symptomatic in spring, based on the records from the previous year. leaf gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluoresc ... | 2012 | 22715513 |
| identification of new flavan-3-ol monoglycosides by uhplc-esi-q-tof in grapes and wine. | flavan-3-ol monoglycosides, having four aglycons (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin and epicatechin gallate monomeric units, are detected for the first time in vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot grape seeds and wine. these compounds were analyzed in red wine, seed and skin extracts by electrospray ionization quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (ms) in negative mode. fragment ions derived from retro-diels alder, heterocyclic ring fragmentation, benzofuran forming fragmentation ... | 2012 | 22707165 |
| feasibility of incorporating treated lignins in fiberboards made from agricultural waste. | this paper studies the feasibility of incorporating treated lignins in fiberboards made from vitis vinifera as an agricultural waste. the treated lignins are the purified kraft lignin and the alkaline hydrolyzed kraft lignin. v. vinifera raw material and its fibers were characterized in terms of chemical composition and the results were compared to other biomass species. the chemical composition of treated lignins shows that they have high purity compared to the lignin raw material. the lignin-v ... | 2012 | 22704807 |
| impact of must sugar reduction by membrane applications on volatile composition of verdejo wines. | climate changes are inducing increased sugar levels of must, which produces negative effects on wine quality, as unbalanced wines with high degrees of alcohol. so, effective strategies to control the increase of sugar levels in must have been studied. one of them is the use of a membrane process, and this is applied in this work. the sugar level of white must from verdejo (vitis vinifera variety) was reduced using diverse membrane processes, and the effect of this fact on the volatile compositio ... | 2012 | 22703609 |
| subcellular mn compartation, anatomic and biochemical changes of two grape varieties in response to excess manganese. | to explore the underlying mechanism for the high tolerance to excess manganese stress in the grape species (vitis vinifera linn), we observed the subcellular compartment of mn element, anatomic and biochemical responses of two grape cultivars (combier and shuijin) under excess mn stress in semi-controlled environmental condition. grape species exhibited typical detoxifying or tolerant mechanism as following: first, majority of mn element accumulated in leaf was excluded into cell wall or compart ... | 2012 | 22694775 |
| the antioxidant effects of a polyphenol-rich grape pomace extract in vitro do not correspond in vivo using exercise as an oxidant stimulus. | fruits, such as grapes, are essential food of the mediterranean diet. grape extracts have potent antioxidant and chemopreventive properties in vitro. numerous studies have examined the effects of plant extract administration on redox status at rest in animals and humans but their results are controversial. however, there are no studies comparing the in vitro and in vivo effects of plant extracts on oxidative stress using exercise as an oxidant stimulus. thus, the aim of this study was to investi ... | 2012 | 22693650 |
| sensory representation of typicality of cabernet franc wines related to phenolic composition: impact of ripening stage and maceration time. | phenolics are responsible for important sensory properties of red wines, including colour, astringency, and possibly bitterness. from a technical viewpoint, the harvest date and the maceration duration are critical decisions for producing red wine with a distinctive style. but little is known about the evolution of phenolics and of their extractability during ripening to predict the composition of the wine and related sensory properties. the aim of this study was to understand the relationship b ... | 2012 | 22688039 |
| influence of climatic conditions on the phenolic composition of vitis vinifera l. cv. graciano. | the influence of different climatic conditions on the phenolic composition of grape skins and seeds of vitis vinifera l. cv. graciano - an autochthonous cultivar from rioja and navarra regions (spain) - was evaluated during ripening in a separate way. graciano grapes from two different vineyards with different climatic conditions and from two different vintages (2008 and 2009) were analysed. clear differences between phenolic maturity pattern of grape skins and seeds were observed. in this conte ... | 2012 | 22688036 |
| influence of the physiological stage and the content of soluble solids on the anthocyanin extractability of vitis vinifera l. cv. tempranillo grapes. | the influence and the extent of the anthocyanin extractability from grape skins at different physiological stages and different soluble solids contents within each stage were investigated. for this purpose three different physiological stages (pre-harvest, harvest and over-ripening) and three soluble solids contents (22, 24 and 26°brix) within each stage were taken into account using vitis vinifera l. cv. tempranillo. this study revealed the influence of physiological stages and soluble solids c ... | 2012 | 22688031 |
| rapid monitoring of grapevine reserves using atr-ft-ir and chemometrics. | predictions of grapevine yield and the management of sugar accumulation and secondary metabolite production during berry ripening may be improved by monitoring nitrogen and starch reserves in the perennial parts of the vine. the standard method for determining nitrogen concentration in plant tissue is by combustion analysis, while enzymatic hydrolysis followed by glucose quantification is commonly used for starch. attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (atr-ft-ir) c ... | 2012 | 22688030 |
| effects of severity of post-flowering leaf removal on berry growth and composition of three red vitis vinifera l. cultivars grown under semiarid conditions. | the effects of the severity of post-flowering leaf removal on the growth and phenolic composition of berry skin and seeds were studied in three vitis vinifera l. genotypes over two consecutive seasons, 2007 and 2008. the study was conducted in a commercial vertical shoot positioned (vsp)-trained nonirrigated vineyard of northern greece, planted with cultivars merlot, cabernet sauvignon, and sangiovese. three different severities of leaf removal in the fruit zone were applied manually at berry se ... | 2012 | 22630367 |
| cloning and molecular characterization of a putative bzip transcription factor vvbzip23 from vitis vinifera. | the proteins harboring bzip domains comprise a large family and play key roles in many cellular processes, one of them being tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. in the present study, we characterize a putative bzip transcription factor from vitis vinifera namely vvbzip23. our studies revealed that a gfp fusion of vvbzip23 is localized in the nucleus showing vvbzip23 codes for a nuclear localized protein. vvbzip23 identified by in silico approaches from grapevine dna databases ava ... | 2013 | 22610648 |
| berry morphology and composition in irrigated and non-irrigated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | the present study was carried out in a 5-year-old vineyard (vitis vinifera l., cv. aglianico) located in southern italy. half of the plants (irr) were fully irrigated, whereas the other half were not irrigated (nirr). in both of the treatments, plant water status, gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency and productive performance were determined. the arid conditions resulted in significant decreases in stem water potential in nirr (minimum values of -1.34 and -1.52 mpa in irr and nirr, respectiv ... | 2012 | 22583647 |
| design and optimization of a semicontinuous hot-cold extraction of polyphenols from grape pomace. | grape pomace contains appreciable amounts of polyphenolic compounds such as anthocyanins and procyanidins which can be recovered for use as food supplements. the extraction of these polyphenols from the pomace is usually accomplished at slightly elevated temperatures, frequently employing hydroethanolic solvents. due to governmental regulations and the cost involved in using ethanol as a solvent, as well as the loss in polyphenolics due to thermal degradation, improved extraction techniques are ... | 2012 | 22578157 |
| suppressive subtractive hybridization method analysis and its application to salt stress in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | two subtracted cdna libraries of grapevines (vitis vinifera. l) under short term salt stress incubation were constructed using the suppression subtractive hybridization (ssh) method combined with the differential screening approach. the mrna isolated from leaves of the salt-tolerant grapevine cultivar razegui grown without stress was used as a "driver," and the corresponding mrnas isolated after a short-term treatment 6 or 24h of salt stress were used as "testers." the differentially expressed c ... | 2012 | 22567999 |
| modelling leaf photosynthetic and transpiration temperature-dependent responses in vitis vinifera cv. semillon grapevines growing in hot, irrigated vineyard conditions. | grapevines growing in australia are often exposed to very high temperatures and the question of how the gas exchange processes adjust to these conditions is not well understood. the aim was to develop a model of photosynthesis and transpiration in relation to temperature to quantify the impact of the growing conditions on vine performance. | 2012 | 22567220 |
| expression of flavonoid genes in the red grape berry of 'alicante bouschet' varies with the histological distribution of anthocyanins and their chemical composition. | the mature berry of vitis vinifera 'alicante bouschet' is entirely red, but anthocyanin metabolism discloses elements of histological discontinuity. this provides an experimental system amenable to studies of compartmentalised secondary metabolism in a fleshly fruit. we compared microscopy of fixed berry sections and chemical composition of anthocyanin extracts with the expression of 41 flavonoid genes in three berry tissues. in the pericarp, anthocyanins formed membrane-encased spherical coales ... | 2012 | 22552639 |
| effect of yearly conditions and management practices on ochratoxin a production in sultana seedless vineyards. | sun drying of seedless grapes (vitis vinifera cv. sultanina) is widely practised in the western aegean region providing turkey with a significant share in the world trade of sultanas. research was initiated in 1998 to determine the incidence of ochratoxin a (ota), to identify the major factors resulting in contamination and to develop techniques to reduce or prevent contamination. this paper assesses ota formation in five experimental vineyards located in manisa province of turkey between 1998 a ... | 2012 | 22545668 |
| temperature and water loss affect adh activity and gene expression in grape berry during postharvest dehydration. | clusters of aleatico wine grape were picked at 18°brix and placed at 10, 20, or 30°c, 45% relative humidity (rh) and 1.5m/s of air flow to dehydrate the berries up to 40% of loss of initial fresh weight. sampling was done at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% weight loss (wl). adh (alcohol dehydrogenase) gene expression, enzyme activity, and related metabolites were analysed. at 10°c, acetaldehyde increased rapidly and then declined, while ethanol continued to rise. at 20°c, acetaldehyde and ethanol inc ... | 2012 | 26434314 |
| implementation of response surface methodology to assess the antiradical behaviour in mixtures of ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol with grape (vitis vinifera) stem extracts. | the efficiency of grape stem extracts to express antiradical activity was assessed using two different approaches and dpph as the radical probe. in addition, the mixture effects when the extracts were combined with ascorbic acid (aa) and α-tocopherol (α-tcp) were also evaluated. the approaches included a simple linear regression analysis between the response (antiradical activity) and concentration, but also a response surface methodology, which permitted the monitoring of the response upon simu ... | 2012 | 26434301 |
| aroma potential of brancellao grapes from different cluster positions. | in this study the presence of aroma compounds in grapes of brancellao (vitis vinifera l.) was investigated in order to obtain its aroma potential fingerprint. it is well known that differences exist in aromatic compounds amongst grapevine varieties at ripening stages. within the framework of an increasingly competitive market, the chance of obtaining different wines from vines of the same variety grown at the same vineyard is becoming of increasing importance. this can be done through the managi ... | 2012 | 26434270 |
| determination of pesticide residues in wine by membrane-assisted solvent extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. | the determination of pesticides in food products is an essential issue to guarantee food safety and minimise health risks of consumers. a protocol based on membrane-assisted solvent extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (hplc-ms/ms) that allows the determination of 18 pesticides in red wine at minimum labour effort for sample preparation was developed and validated. ten millilitres of wine were extracted using 100 μl of toluene filled in a non-porous polyethylene membrane ... | 2012 | 22538775 |
| profiling of hydroxycinnamoyl tartrates and acylated anthocyanins in the skin of 34 vitis vinifera genotypes. | the diversity of berry skin flavonoids in grape genotypes has been previously widely investigated with regard to major compounds (nonacylated anthocyanins and flavonols), but much less with regard to acylated anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamoyl tartrates (hcts). in this study, the composition of the phenolic fraction of the berry skin (free and acylated anthocyanins, flavonols, and hcts) was assessed on 34 grapevine genotypes grown in a collection vineyard in northwestern italy. the phenolic fract ... | 2012 | 22533602 |
| modulation of doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress by a grape (vitis vinifera l.) seed extract in normal and tumor cells. | the major limitation of doxorubicin (dox) clinical use is the development of chronic and acute toxic side effects induced through the generation of reactive oxygen species. the present work was designated to investigate in vitro effects of a red grape-seed hydroethanolic extract burgund mare (bm), in associated administration with dox (30 min before drug administration) in normal (hfl-1) and tumor cell lines (hepg2 and mls). the bm concentrations administered were below the level of the extract ... | 2012 | 22519870 |
| differentiation of vitis vinifera l. and hybrid red grapes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of berry skin anthocyanins. | among the methods that have been developed for anthocyanin characterization, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) offers several analytical advantages in terms of speed, minimal sample handling, specificity, and reliability, without requiring any previous chromatographic separation. this study used maldi-tof ms to profile the anthocyanins from the berry skins of 23 red grape varieties clustered as (i) authentic vitis vinifera grapes, (ii) am ... | 2012 | 22512639 |
| fungal endophytic communities in grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) respond to crop management. | we studied the distribution of fungal endophytes of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) plants in a subalpine area of northern italy, where viticulture is of high economic relevance. we adopted both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent approaches to address how various anthropic and nonanthropic factors shape microbial communities. grapevine stems were harvested from several locations considering organic and integrated pest management (ipm) and from the cultivars merlot and chardonnay. cultiv ... | 2012 | 22492448 |
| stabilization of erythrocytes against oxidative and hypotonic stress by tannins isolated from sumac leaves (rhus typhina l.) and grape seeds (vitis vinifera l.). | erythrocytes are constantly exposed to ros due to their function in the organism. high tension of oxygen, presence of hemoglobin iron and high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane make erythrocytes especially susceptible to oxidative stress. a comparison of the antioxidant activities of polyphenol-rich plant extracts containing hydrolysable tannins from sumac leaves (rhus typhina l.) and condensed tannins from grape seeds (vitis vinifera l.) showed that at the 5-50 μg/ml conc ... | 2012 | 22491984 |
| antithrombin effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from black chokeberry and grape seeds. | thrombin is a serine protease that cleaves the peptide bonds in proteins located on the carboxyl side of arginine. thrombin plays a central role in thromboembolic diseases, which are the major cause of mortality. the aim of the study was to estimate the effects of plant extracts on proteolytic properties of thrombin. thrombin was incubated with polyphenol-rich extracts from berries of aronia melanocarpa or seeds of vitis vinifera (0.5, 5, 50 µg/ml) and with polyphenols ((+)-catechin, (-)-epicate ... | 2013 | 22473647 |
| light quality affects flavonoid biosynthesis in young berries of cabernet sauvignon grape. | biosynthesis of phenolic compounds is known to be sensitive to light environments, which reflects the possible role of these compounds for photoprotection in plants. herein, the effects of uv and visible light on biosynthesis of flavonoids was investigated, i.e., proanthocyanidins (pas) and flavonols, in young berry skins of a red-wine grape, vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon. shading with light-proof boxes from the flowering stage until 49 days after treatment (dat) partially decreased pa c ... | 2012 | 22455871 |
| contrasting physiological effects of partial root zone drying in field-grown grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. monastrell) according to total soil water availability. | different spatial distributions of soil moisture were imposed on field-grown grapevines by applying the same irrigation volumes to the entire (di; deficit irrigation) or part of the (prd; partial root zone drying) root zone. five treatments were applied: controls irrigated at 60% etc (crop evapotranspiration) for the whole season (308 mm year(-1)); di-1 and prd-1 that received the same irrigation as controls before fruit set, 30% etc from fruit set to harvest and 45% etc post-harvest (192 mm yea ... | 2012 | 22451721 |
| no evidence for an open vessel effect in centrifuge-based vulnerability curves of a long-vesselled liana (vitis vinifera). | vulnerability to cavitation curves are used to estimate xylem cavitation resistance and can be constructed using multiple techniques. it was recently suggested that a technique that relies on centrifugal force to generate negative xylem pressures may be susceptible to an open vessel artifact in long-vesselled species. here, we used custom centrifuge rotors to measure different sample lengths of 1-yr-old stems of grapevine to examine the influence of open vessels on vulnerability curves, thus tes ... | 2012 | 22448870 |
| virus-derived gene expression and rna interference vector for grapevine. | the improvement of the agricultural and wine-making qualities of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) is hampered by adherence to traditional varieties, the recalcitrance of this plant to genetic modifications, and public resistance to genetically modified organism (gmo) technologies. to address these challenges, we developed an rna virus-based vector for the introduction of desired traits into grapevine without heritable modifications to the genome. this vector expresses recombinant proteins in the p ... | 2012 | 22438553 |
| protective effect of öküzgözü (vitis vinifera l. cv.) grape juice against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in rats. | the consumption of fruits plays an important role as a health protecting factor. grapes (vitis vinifera l.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activity. öküzgözü is the largest among the grape varieties grown in turkey. carbon tetrachloride (ccl₄) causes free radical generation in many tissues such as the liver, kidney, heart, lung, testis, brain and blood. ursodeoxycholic acid (udca) is the only drug to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, but the effects remain controver ... | 2012 | 22434241 |
| transposable elements are a major cause of somatic polymorphism in vitis vinifera l. | through multiple vegetative propagation cycles, clones accumulate mutations in somatic cells that are at the origin of clonal phenotypic diversity in grape. clonal diversity provided clones such as cabernet-sauvignon n°470, chardonnay n° 548 and pinot noir n° 777 which all produce wines of superior quality. the economic impact of clonal selection is therefore very high: since approx. 95% of the grapevines produced in french nurseries originate from the french clonal selection. in this study we p ... | 2012 | 22427919 |
| does homeostasis or disturbance of homeostasis in minimum leaf water potential explain the isohydric versus anisohydric behavior of vitis vinifera l. cultivars? | | 2012 | 22427373 |
| combined elicitation of methyl-jasmonate and red light on stilbene and anthocyanin biosynthesis. | vitis vinifera cell suspensions are a suitable system to study the metabolic regulation of a large range of polyphenols, including flavonoids and stilbenes that play important roles in plant development. grape cv. barbera petioles cell cultures were treated with red light and 10 μm methyl-jasmonate (meja), alone or in combination, to investigate their influence and/or induction effect on the production of anthocyanins, catechins and free and mono-glucosylated stilbenes. the synthesis of total an ... | 2012 | 22424571 |
| phenolic concentrations and antioxidant properties of wines made from north american grapes grown in china. | the characteristics of wine phenolics found in several north american and (for comparison) european grape cultivars grown in china were analyzed. this was done to find non-vitis vinifera wines with prominent features in order to diversify the kinds of wines. the phenolic richness and antioxidant activity decreased in the order: red > rose > white wines. in the red wines, the american grape 'cynthiana' had the highest total concentrations of phenols, anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids, as ... | 2012 | 22418931 |
| polymeric proanthocyanidins in skins and seeds of 37 vitis vinifera l. cultivars: a methodological comparative study. | the polymeric proanthocyanidins (pas) composition of skins and seeds from different vitis vinifera l. cv. was evaluated, sampling 37 cultivar, preserved in the grapevine collection of grinzane cavour (piedmont, italy). pas were quantified using both spectrophotometric (n-butanol and vanillin assay) and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography [hplc]) methods, and the evaluation of their antioxidant activity was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) scavenging as ... | 2016 | 22417421 |
| stereoselective dissipation of epoxiconazole in grape (vitis vinifera cv. kyoho) and soil under field conditions. | stereoselective dissipation of epoxiconazole had been studied in grape and soil during plant growing under field conditions in this paper. a sensitive and rapid chiral method was developed and validated for the determination of epoxiconazole stereoisomers in grape and soil based on liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). phenomenex lux cellulose-1 column was used for enantioseparation with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (90/10, v/v) as mobile phase at ... | 2012 | 22414382 |
| structural characterization of polysaccharides isolated from grape stalks of vitis vinifera l. | the main structural polysaccharides of grape stalks are cellulose, heteroxylan, and glucan. cellulose contributes 30.3% of grape stalk matter and has an unusually high degree of the crystallinity (75.4%). among hemicelluloses, xylan was the most abundant one, contributing ∼12% to the weight. the heteroxylan was isolated from the corresponding peracetic holocellulose by dmso extraction followed by precipitation in ethanol. the m(w) of heteroxylan (19.0 kda) was assessed by size exclusion chromato ... | 2012 | 22398255 |
| instability of anthocyanin composition under different subculture conditions during long-term suspension cultures of vitis vinifera l. var. gamay fréaux. | the instability of secondary metabolite production is a ubiquitous problem in plant cell culture. in order to understand the instability in plant cell culture, we investigated anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera, as a model system, in our laboratory. not only the anthocyanin contents but also its composition exhibited instability along with the long-term subculture. new methods were developed to indicate the instability of plant cell culture. both the definition of ... | 2011 | 22393716 |
| interactions between light and growing season temperatures on, growth and development and gas exchange of semillon (vitis vinifera l.) vines grown in an irrigated vineyard. | high-light intensities and temperatures of the warm climate regions of australia and elsewhere have a major effect on the growth and development of grapevines (vitis vinifera l.). the objective of this research was to assess interactions between the light and seasonal temperatures by shading some vines and comparing these with vines exposed to high-light intensities. canopy temperatures were monitored using infrared radiometers and budbreak, phenology, growth, yield, berry ripening and gas excha ... | 2012 | 22381656 |
| genetic and biochemical differentiation in vitis vinifera (kabarcik) populations grown at different altitudes in coruh valley. | we examined genetic differences of four vitis vinifera populations (a, b, c, d) including local kabarcik cultivar grown along an altitude gradient of 800, 900, 1000, and 1150 m above sea level in the coruh valley (800 m: a population; 900 m: b population; 1000 m: c population; 1150 m: d population). leaf samples were used for both rapd and fatty acid analysis. a total of 60 individuals with 15 individuals per population were included in this study. rapd analyses showed various band sizes, which ... | 2012 | 22370888 |
| co-transformation of grapevine somatic embryos to produce transgenic plants free of marker genes. | a cotransformation system using somatic embryos was developed to produce grapevines free of selectable marker genes. this was achieved by transforming vitis vinifera l. "thompson seedless" somatic embryos with a mixture of two agrobacterium strains. the first strain contained a binary plasmid with an egfp gene of interest between the t-dna borders. the second strain harbored the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) gene for positive selection and the cytosine deaminase (coda) gene for negative se ... | 2012 | 22351010 |
| a leaf gas exchange model that accounts for intra-canopy variability by considering leaf nitrogen content and local acclimation to radiation in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | understanding the distribution of gas exchange within a plant is a prerequisite for scaling up from leaves to canopies. we evaluated whether leaf traits were reliable predictors of the effects of leaf ageing and leaf irradiance on leaf photosynthetic capacity (v(cmax) , j(max) ) in field-grown vines (vitis vinifera l). simultaneously, we measured gas exchange, leaf mass per area (lma) and nitrogen content (n(m) ) of leaves at different positions within the canopy and at different phenological st ... | 2012 | 22329397 |
| prevention of cutaneous damages induced by radiotherapy in breast cancer: an institutional experience. | a minimal part of patients treated with radiotherapy on the entire breast may present an acute, subacute or chronic cutaneous damage of the healthy tissues involved in the radiation fields. the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the most efficient topical hydrating treatment in the prevention of cutaneous radio-induced acute effects in breast cancer. | 2017 | 22322839 |
| isolation and characterization of two hydroperoxide lyase genes from grape berries : hpl isogenes in vitis vinifera grapes. | c6 compounds are the major fraction of the volatile profiles of grape berries, contributing the typical 'green' aroma to the grape and wine. hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) catalyzes the cleavage of fatty acid hydroperoxides to produce c6 compounds. two hypothetical genes, vvhpl1 and vvhpl2 were cloned from grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cabernet sauvignon). bioinformatics analysis revealed that the proteins encoded by these two genes both belong to subfamily of cytochrome p450 and contain typical c ... | 2012 | 22318551 |
| analysis of expressed sequence tags from grapevine flower and fruit and development of simple sequence repeat markers. | a total of 6,230 est sequences were produced from 7,561 clones in a cdna library generated from grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. 'summer black') flower and fruit tissues in this study. after cluster and assembly analysis of the datasets, 3,582 unigenes (genbank accession numbers gw836604-gw840185) were established, among which 381 were new grapevine est sequences. out of the 381 new ests, 289 could be mapped on the 19 grapevine chromosomes. 913 unique ests with known or putative functions were assi ... | 2012 | 22318547 |
| r2r3 myb transcription factors: key regulators of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in grapevine. | flavonoids compose one of the most abundant and important subgroups of secondary metabolites with more than 6,000 compounds detected so far in higher plants. they are found in various compositions and concentrations in nearly all plant tissues. besides the attraction of pollinators and dispersers to fruits and flowers, flavonoids also protect against a plethora of stresses including pathogen attack, wounding and uv irradiation. flavonoid content and composition of fruits such as grapes, bilberri ... | 2012 | 22307206 |
| determination of genetic diversity of vitis vinifera cv. kabarcik populations from the coruh valley using ssr markers. | northeastern turkey is recognized as one of the most important germplasm centers for the grape in the world. in the present study, simple sequence repeat markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity between four vitis vinifera cv. kabarcik populations sampled from the coruh valley in turkey, at altitudes of 800-1,150 m. the mean observed number of alleles per locus varied from 2 (loci vvmd7 and vvmd24) to 6 (vvs2) among populations. the population from the highest altitude showed the g ... | 2012 | 22298355 |
| the hepatoprotective effects of dihydromyrcenol and geranyl formate in an experimental model of acute hepatic injury induced by the use of carbon tetrachloride. | we aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of dihydromyrcenol and geranyl formate extracted from the vitis vinifera l. plant in a rat model of acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. | 2011 | 22287404 |
| metabolism of terpenes in the response of grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaf tissues to uv-b radiation. | this study investigated the terpene profiles as determined by gc-eims analysis of in vitro cultured plants of vitis vinifera exposed to a "field-like" dose of uv-b (4.75 kj m(-2)d(-1)) administered at two different fluence rates (low, 16 h at 8.25 μw cm(-2), and high 4 h at 33 μw cm(-2)). low uv-b treatment increased levels of the membrane-related triterpenes sitosterol, stigmasterol and lupeol, more notable in young leaves, suggesting elicitation of a mechanism for grapevine acclimation. by con ... | 2012 | 22277733 |
| candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in vitis. | wild vitis species are dioecious plants, while the cultivated counterpart, vitis vinifera subspec. vinifera, generally shows hermaphroditic flowers. in vitis the genetic determinants of flower sex have previously been mapped to a region on chromosome 2. in a combined strategy of map-based cloning and the use of the publicly available grapevine reference genome sequence, the structure of the grapevine flower sex locus has been elucidated with the subsequent identification of candidate genes which ... | 2012 | 22258113 |
| monitoring melatonin and its isomer in vitis vinifera cv. malbec by uhplc-ms/ms from grape to bottle. | several studies have shown the presence of melatonin and related compounds in grapes and wines. the latter provides evidence of the possibility to enhance the nutraceutical properties of premium wines. however, there are many external factors that can influence the levels of this indolamine in grape and wines. in this study, the monitoring of melatonin and its tentatively identified isomer was carried out during the entire winemaking process in vitis vinifera cv. malbec by ultra high-performance ... | 2012 | 22225625 |
| fruit ripening in vitis vinifera: light intensity before and not during ripening determines the concentration of 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine in cabernet sauvignon berries. | the roles of light and temperature in the accumulation of the vegetal impact compound 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (mibp) in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries were determined. individual clusters were exposed to various light intensities using neutral density shade cloth before ripening, during ripening or throughout the season in three growing seasons. a recently developed method using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gc-ms in the selected ion-monitoring mode was employed to ... | 2012 | 22224579 |
| differential effects of grape ( vitis vinifera ) skin polyphenolics on human platelet aggregation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation. | antioxidant and antiplatelet properties of grape products are thought to be responsible for observed antiatherosclerotic effects. diverse classes of phenolics are derived from the seed and skin (gsk) of grapes. the relative contributions of the classes of phenolics to observed properties of grape products are unknown. in this paper, gsk fractions were used to examine effects on platelet aggregation, low-density lipoprotein (ldl) oxidation in vitro, and relative binding of phenolics to ldl. gsk w ... | 2012 | 22224546 |
| stomatal response of an anisohydric grapevine cultivar to evaporative demand, available soil moisture and abscisic acid. | stomatal responsiveness to evaporative demand (air vapour pressure deficit (vpd)) ranges widely between species and cultivars, and mechanisms for stomatal control in response to vpd remain obscure. the interaction of irrigation and soil moisture with vpd on stomatal conductance is particularly difficult to predict, but nevertheless is critical to instantaneous transpiration and vulnerability to desiccation. stomatal sensitivity to vpd and soil moisture was investigated in semillon, an anisohydri ... | 2012 | 22199014 |
| characterization of genomic sequence showing strong association with polyembryony among diverse citrus species and cultivars, and its synteny with vitis and populus. | polyembryony, in which multiple somatic nucellar cell-derived embryos develop in addition to the zygotic embryo in a seed, is common in the genus citrus. previous genetic studies indicated polyembryony is mainly determined by a single locus, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. as a step towards identification and characterization of the gene or genes responsible for nucellar embryogenesis in citrus, haplotype-specific physical maps around the polyembryony locus were construc ... | 2012 | 22195586 |
| increasing the source/sink ratio in vitis vinifera (cv sangiovese) induces extensive transcriptome reprogramming and modifies berry ripening. | cluster thinning is an agronomic practice in which a proportion of berry clusters are removed from the vine to increase the source/sink ratio and improve the quality of the remaining berries. until now no transcriptomic data have been reported describing the mechanisms that underlie the agronomic and biochemical effects of thinning. | 2011 | 22192855 |
| developmental parameters and seasonal phenology of calepitrimerus vitis (acari: eriophyidae) in wine grapes of western oregon. | developmental parameters of protogyne calepitrimerus vitis (nalepa) (acari: eriophyidae) were determined at 12, 15, 17, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34 °c to better understand seasonal activity, population growth, and ultimately more effectively manage pest mites in wine grapes. net reproductive rate (r(o)) was greater than zero at all temperatures with the maximum r(o) (9.72) at 25 °c. the lowest estimated r(o) (0.001) occurred at 34 °c. there was a gradual decrease in mean generation time (t) as temper ... | 2010 | 22182568 |
| genetic mechanisms underlying the methylation level of anthocyanins in grape (vitis vinifera l.). | plant color variation is due not only to the global pigment concentration but also to the proportion of different types of pigment. variation in the color spectrum may arise from secondary modifications, such as hydroxylation and methylation, affecting the chromatic properties of pigments. in grapes (vitis vinifera l.), the level of methylation modifies the stability and reactivity of anthocyanin, which directly influence the color of the berry. anthocyanin methylation, as a complex trait, is co ... | 2011 | 22171701 |
| genetic diversity in some grape varieties revealed by scot analyses. | start codon targeted (scot) polymorphic markers were used to assess genetic relationships among 64 grape varieties. seventeen informative primers were selected from 36 scot primers based on their ability to produce clear and repeatable polymorphic and unambiguous bands among the varieties. a total of 131 bands were produced; 93.1% of them were polymorphic; the average polymorphism information content was 0.82. cluster analysis of scot markers through the unweighted pair-group method of arithmeti ... | 2012 | 22170600 |
| optimization of nir spectral data management for quality control of grape bunches during on-vine ripening. | nir spectroscopy was used as a non-destructive technique for the assessment of chemical changes in the main internal quality properties of wine grapes (vitis vinifera l.) during on-vine ripening and at harvest. a total of 363 samples from 25 white and red grape varieties were used to construct quality-prediction models based on reference data and on nir spectral data obtained using a commercially-available diode-array spectrophotometer (380-1,700 nm). the feasibility of testing bunches of intact ... | 2011 | 22163944 |
| spatiotemporal variation of crown-scale stomatal conductance in an arid vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot vineyard: direct effects of hydraulic properties and indirect effects of canopy leaf area. | vineyards were planted in the arid region of northwest china to meet the local economic strategy while reducing agricultural water use. sap flow, environmental variables, a plant characteristic (sapwood-to-leaf area ratio, a(s)/a(l)) and a canopy characteristic (leaf area index, l) were measured in a vineyard in the region during the growing season of 2009, and hourly canopy stomatal conductance (g(si)) was estimated for individual vines to quantify the relationships between g(si) and these vari ... | 2012 | 22157418 |
| genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines. | the wild grapevine, vitis vinifera l. ssp. sylvestris (gmelin) hegi, considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from eurasia. in spain, natural populations of v. vinifera ssp. sylvestris can still be found along river banks. in this work, we have performed a wide search of wild grapevine populations in spain and characterized the amount and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear ssr loci. we have also analysed the possible coexistence in the natural habit ... | 2012 | 22151598 |
| modelling photosynthetic responses to temperature of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. semillon) leaves on vines grown in a hot climate. | field measurements of photosynthesis of vitis vinifera cv. semillon leaves in relation to a hot climate, and responses to photon flux densities (pfds) and internal co(2) concentrations (c(i) ) at leaf temperatures from 20 to 40 °c were undertaken. average rates of photosynthesis measured in situ decreased with increasing temperature and were 60% inhibited at 45 °c compared with 25 °c. this reduction in photosynthesis was attributed to 15-30% stomatal closure. light response curves at different t ... | 2012 | 22150771 |
| a strategy to investigate the intravarietal genetic variability in vitis vinifera l. for clones and biotypes identification and to correlate molecular profiles with morphological traits or geographic origins. | grapevine is the most economically important and widely cultivated fruit crop in the world. molecular markers have been used on vitis vinifera to distinguish among both varieties and clones. microsatellites are used to fingerprint varieties and several other techniques, reported in many papers, are used to analyze the differences among clones, but it is not available in the literature as a well defined strategy to screen a large number of vitis cultivars. in fact, it is often necessary to use di ... | 2012 | 22144069 |
| cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from the grapevine vitis vinifera. | dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps) catalyses the first committed step of the lysine-biosynthesis pathway in bacteria, plants and some fungi. this study describes the cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of dhdps from the grapevine vitis vinifera (vv-dhdps). following in-drop cleavage of the hexahistidine tag, cocrystals of vv-dhdps with the substrate pyruvate were grown in 0.1 m bis-tris propane ph 8.2, 0.2 m sodium bromide, 20%(w/v) peg 3350. x-ray diffraction data in space g ... | 2011 | 22139160 |
| the timing and the mode of evolution of wild grapes (vitis). | wild grapes are woody climbers, found mostly in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, comprising the genus vitis. despite its importance, the evolutionary history of vitis is still contentious. past studies have led to conflicting hypotheses about the phylogeny, speciation events, and biogeographic history of the genus. here we investigate the evolutionary history of vitis using data from four chloroplast spacers (trnh-psba, trnk-rps16, trnf-nahj, and rpl32-trnl) and the nuclear gene rpb ... | 2012 | 22138159 |
| polyphenolic profiles detected in the ripe berries of vitis vinifera germplasm. | polyphenolic profiles in the berry samples of 344 european grape (vitis vinifera) cultivars were evaluated for two consecutive years. these cultivars represent a diverse collection of v. vinifera germplasm maintained at the usda-agricultural research service vitis clonal repository in davis of california, usa. a total of 36 polyphenolic compounds, including 16 anthocyanins, 6 flavonols, 6 flavanols, 6 hydroxycinnamic acids and 2 hydroxybenzoic acids, were identified via hplc-ms and quantified by ... | 2011 | 25212322 |