| flavonol profiles in berries of wild vitis accessions using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. | the flavonol profiles of grape berry skins were analysed in order to assess phenotypic variation between six grapevines belonging to six different species: vitis vinifera, vitiscandicans, vitischampinii, vitisamurensis, vitiscinerea and vitisdoaniana. high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (lc-ms) and nmr spectrometry (lc-nmr) were used to separate and identify the flavonols present in these species. the combination of lc-ms and lc-nmr data resulted in the identifica ... | 2015 | 25236197 |
| simple rain-shelter cultivation prolongs accumulation period of anthocyanins in wine grape berries. | simple rain-shelter cultivation is normally applied during the grape growth season in continental monsoon climates aiming to reduce the occurrence of diseases caused by excessive rainfall. however, whether or not this cultivation practice affects the composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in wine grapes remains unclear. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of rain-shelter cultivation on the accumulation of anthocyanins in wine grapes (vitis vinifera l. cabernet ... | 2014 | 25232706 |
| ultraviolet-b radiation and water deficit interact to alter flavonol and anthocyanin profiles in grapevine berries through transcriptomic regulation. | uv-b radiation and water deficit may trigger flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis in plant tissues. in addition, previous research has showed strong qualitative effects on grape berry skin flavonol and anthocyanin profiles in response to uv-b and water deficit. the aim of this study is to identify the mechanisms leading to quantitative and qualitative changes in flavonol and anthocyanin profiles, in response to separate and combined uv-b and water deficit. grapevines (vitis vinifera l. cv. temp ... | 2014 | 25231967 |
| analysis of the phenolic composition of fungus-resistant grape varieties cultivated in italy and germany using uhplc-ms/ms. | the phenolic composition of grape berries grown in italy (cabernet cortis, johanniter, solaris, phoenix, and regent) and in germany (regent and phoenix) was analyzed using two complementary lc-ms/ms (liquid chromatography - tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry) methods. these five cultivars belong to fungus-resistant grape varieties (piwi) and little is known about their phenolic profile, although phenolics such as phytoalexins have been recognized, playing a key role in the resistance mechanism. ... | 2014 | 25230183 |
| volatile components of vine leaves from two portuguese grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.), touriga nacional and tinta roriz, analysed by solid-phase microextraction. | the purpose of this work was to study the volatile composition of vine leaves and vine leaf infusion prepared from vine leaves collected at 30 and 60 days after grape harvest of two vitis vinifera l. species. eighteen volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in vine leaves and in vine leaf infusions. it was observed that the volatile compounds present in vine leaves are dependent on the time of harvest, with benzaldehyde being the major volatile present in vine ... | 2015 | 25226431 |
| a critical review on extraction techniques and gas chromatography based determination of grapevine derived sesquiterpenes. | vitis vinifera l. (common grapevine) is considered one of the major world fruit crops based on the extent of cultivated land and on its economic value. grapevine is composed by several different chemical compounds, including sesquiterpenic ones. sesquiterpenic compounds play a significant role in varietal aromas, contributing to fruity and flowery odours, and are also well known for their potential health benefits. the advantages and drawbacks of different extraction and gas chromatographic tech ... | 2014 | 25220138 |
| multiple loss-of-function 5-o-glucosyltransferase alleles revealed in vitis vinifera, but not in other vitis species. | wild and loss-of-function alleles of the 5 - o - glucosyltransferase gene responsible for synthesis of diglucoside anthocyanins in vitis were characterized. the information aids marker development for tracking this gene in grape breeding. anthocyanins in red grapes are present in two glycosylation states: monoglucoside (3-o-glucoside) and diglucoside (3, 5-di-o-glucoside). while monoglucoside anthocyanins are present in all pigmented grapes, diglucoside anthocyanins are rarely found in the culti ... | 2014 | 25208644 |
| natural bioactive compounds from winery by-products as health promoters: a review. | the relevance of food composition for human health has increased consumers' interest in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as foods enriched in bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals. this fact has led to a growing attention of suppliers on reuse of agro-industrial wastes rich in healthy plant ingredients. on this matter, grape has been pointed out as a rich source of bioactive compounds. currently, up to 210 million tons of grapes (vitis vinifera l.) are produced annually, being ... | 2014 | 25192288 |
| effects of climatic conditions and soil properties on cabernet sauvignon berry growth and anthocyanin profiles. | climatic conditions and soil type have significant influence on grape ripening and wine quality. the reported study was conducted in two "cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.v)" vineyards located in xinjiang, a semiarid wine-producing region of china during two vintages (2011 and 2012). the results indicate that soil and climate affected berry growth and anthocyanin profiles. these two localities were within a distance of 5 km from each other and had soils of different physical and chemical com ... | 2014 | 25185071 |
| metabolic effects of elevated temperature on organic acid degradation in ripening vitis vinifera fruit. | berries of the cultivated grapevine vitis vinifera are notably responsive to temperature, which can influence fruit quality and hence the future compatibility of varieties with their current growing regions. organic acids represent a key component of fruit organoleptic quality and their content is significantly influenced by temperature. the objectives of this study were to (i) manipulate thermal regimes to realistically capture warming-driven reduction of malate content in shiraz berries, and ( ... | 2014 | 25180109 |
| a small xy chromosomal region explains sex determination in wild dioecious v. vinifera and the reversal to hermaphroditism in domesticated grapevines. | in vitis vinifera l., domestication induced a dramatic change in flower morphology: the wild sylvestris subspecies is dioecious while hermaphroditism is largely predominant in the domesticated subsp. v. v. vinifera. the characterisation of polymorphisms in genes underlying the sex-determining chromosomal region may help clarify the history of domestication in grapevine and the evolution of sex chromosomes in plants. in the genus vitis, sex determination is putatively controlled by one major locu ... | 2014 | 25179565 |
| genome-wide transcriptional profiles of the berry skin of two red grape cultivars (vitis vinifera) in which anthocyanin synthesis is sunlight-dependent or -independent. | global gene expression was analyzed in the berry skin of two red grape cultivars, which can ('jingyan') or cannot ('jingxiu') synthesize anthocyanins after sunlight exclusion from fruit set until maturity. gene transcripts responding to sunlight exclusion in 'jingyan' were less complex than in 'jingxiu'; 528 genes were induced and 383 repressed in the former, whereas 2655 genes were induced and 205 suppressed in 'jingxiu'. they were regulated either in the same or opposing manner in the two cult ... | 2014 | 25158067 |
| a forensic perspective on the genetic identification of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) varieties using str markers. | the grapevine (vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide. a long interest in the historical origins of ancient and cultivated current grapevines, as well as the need to establish phylogenetic relationships and parentage, solve homonymies and synonymies, fingerprint cultivars and clones, and assess the authenticity of plants and wines has encouraged the development of genetic identification methods. str analysis is currently the most commonly used m ... | 2014 | 25146979 |
| enantiodifferentiation of 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine in different species using multidimensional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic approaches. | with respect to the current hypothesis that natural amino acids may serve as starting material for the biosynthesis of alkyl-methoxypyrazines, the enantiomeric distribution of the potent aroma compound 3-sec-butyl-2-methoxypyrazine (sbmp) was determined in various species using heart-cut multidimensional gas chromatography (h/c mdgc) or comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (gc × gc). complementary to an earlier described separation on octakis-(6-o-methyl-2,3-di-o-pentyl)-γ-cyclodextr ... | 2015 | 25146352 |
| a comparative study of ripening among berries of the grape cluster reveals an altered transcriptional programme and enhanced ripening rate in delayed berries. | transcriptional studies in relation to fruit ripening generally aim to identify the transcriptional states associated with physiological ripening stages and the transcriptional changes between stages within the ripening programme. in non-climacteric fruits such as grape, all ripening-related genes involved in this programme have not been identified, mainly due to the lack of mutants for comparative transcriptomic studies. a feature in grape cluster ripening (vitis vinifera cv. pinot noir), where ... | 2014 | 25135520 |
| antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of twenty-four vitis vinifera grapes. | grapes are rich in phytochemicals with many proven health benefits. phenolic profiles, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of twenty-four selected vitis vinifera grape cultivars were investigated in this study. large ranges of variation were found in these cultivars for the contents of total phenolics (95.3 to 686.5 mg/100 g) and flavonoids (94.7 to 1055 mg/100 g) and antioxidant activities (oxygen radical absorbance capacity 378.7 to 3386.0 mg of trolox equivalents/100 g and peroxylrad ... | 2014 | 25133401 |
| plasticity of vulnerability to leaf hydraulic dysfunction during acclimation to drought in grapevines: an osmotic-mediated process. | previous studies have reported correlation of leaf hydraulic vulnerability with pressure-volume parameters related to cell turgor. this link has been explained on the basis of the effects of turgor on connectivity among cells and tissue structural integrity, which affect leaf water transport. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that osmotic adjustment to water stress would shift the leaf vulnerability curve toward more negative water potential (ψ leaf ) by increasing turgor at low ψ leaf . w ... | 2015 | 25132228 |
| analytical phenolic composition and sensory assessment of selected rare greek cultivars after extended bottle ageing. | the hellenic vineyard embraces a large number of native cultivars, which are mostly unexploited for their ageing potential. therefore, it was thought that analyzing some quality parameters of 14 red wines produced by rare native varieties would be of great importance in obtaining a general picture of their potential for commercial use. various analytical methods were applied to the selected wines, at bottling and after 8 years of ageing, in an attempt to provide reliable answers to this issue. i ... | 2015 | 25103612 |
| physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory qualities of wine grape pomace fortified baked goods. | wine grape pomace (wgp) as a source of antioxidant dietary fiber (df) was used to fortify baked goods, including breads, muffins, and brownies. pinot noir wgp (rwgp) and pinot grigio wgp (wwgp) substituted wheat flour at concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15% for bread, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% rwgp for brownies, and 5%, 10%, and 15% rwgp or 10%, 15%, and 20% wwgp for muffins. the finished products were evaluated for total phenolic content (tpc), radical scavenging activity (rsa), and total df, as well ... | 2014 | 25102950 |
| haplotype diversity of vvtfl1a gene and association with cluster traits in grapevine (v. vinifera). | interaction between terminal flower 1 (tfl1) and leafy (lfy) seem to determine the inflorescence architecture in arabidopsis. in a parallel way, overexpression of vvtfl1a, a grapevine tfl1 homolog, causes delayed flowering and production of a ramose cluster in the reiterated reproductive meristem (rrm) somatic variant of cultivar carignan. to analyze the possible contribution of this gene to cluster phenotypic variation in a diversity panel of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l. subsp. vinif ... | 2014 | 25091083 |
| phenolic composition and antioxidant capacity of pomaces from four grape varieties (vitis vinifera l.). | phenolic compounds are widely distributed secondary metabolites in plants usually conferring them with unique taste, flavour and health-promoting properties. in fruits of vitis vinifera l., phenolic composition is highly dependent on grape variety. differential extraction of these compounds from grapes during winemaking is critically associated with wine quality. by-products of winemaking, such as grape pomace, can contain significant amounts of polyphenols. however, information concerning the v ... | 2015 | 25082193 |
| a huge pvdf adsorption difference between resveratrol and ε-viniferin allows to quantitatively purify them and to assess their anti-tyrosinase property. | repeated chromatographic analyses of polyphenolic vine stalks extracts allowed us to note a huge adsorption difference on polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf), between trans-resveratrol 1 and (+)-trans-ε-viniferin 2. we could optimize the conditions (solvent, saturation of the process), for this polymer to adsorb very selectively 2, with regard to the monomer 1 that remains in solution. since membrane filters made of pvdf are quite often used for hplc samples filtration, this observation prompted us t ... | 2014 | 25067848 |
| changes in the triterpenoid content of cuticular waxes during fruit ripening of eight grape (vitis vinifera) cultivars grown in the upper rhine valley. | triterpenoids present in grape cuticular waxes are of interest due to their potential role in protection against biotic stresses, their impact on the mechanical toughness of the fruit surface, and the potential industrial application of these biologically active compounds from grape pomace. the determination of the triterpenoid profile of cuticular waxes reported here supplements existing knowledge of the chemical diversity of grape, with some compounds reported in this species for the first tim ... | 2014 | 25058466 |
| tracing flavonoid degradation in grapes by ms filtering with stable isotopes. | anthocyanin degradation has been proposed as one of the primary causes for reduced colour and quality in red wine grapes grown in a warm climate. to study anthocyanin degradation we infused berries with l-phenyl-(13)c₆-alanine and then tracked the fate of the anthocyanins comparing normal (25 °c) and warm (45 °c) temperature conditions. an untargeted metabolomics approach was aided by filtering the ms data using software algorithms to extract all m and m+6 isotopic peak pairs, allowing the analy ... | 2015 | 25053079 |
| photooxidation of tryptophan leading to 2-aminoacetophenone--a possible reason for the untypical aging off-flavor in wine. | 2-aminoacetophenone (aap) was recognized as the key compound for the so-called untypical aging off-flavor (uta) in vitis vinifera wines. in this study, it was shown that aap can be formed by photooxidation of free and protein-bound tryptophan (trp) in combination with a subsequent storage in model wine. solutions of trp and lysozyme were exposed to artificial sunlight both in the presence and in the absence of the photosensitizer riboflavin. aliquots of the irradiation batches were stored in mod ... | 2014 | 25047450 |
| assessment of cluster yield components by image analysis. | berry weight, berry number and cluster weight are key parameters for yield estimation for wine and tablegrape industry. current yield prediction methods are destructive, labour-demanding and time-consuming. in this work, a new methodology, based on image analysis was developed to determine cluster yield components in a fast and inexpensive way. | 2015 | 25041796 |
| the ameliorative effects of exogenous melatonin on grape cuttings under water-deficient stress: antioxidant metabolites, leaf anatomy, and chloroplast morphology. | grapes are an important economic crop and are widely cultivated around the world. most grapes are grown in arid or semi-arid regions, and droughts take a heavy toll in grape and wine production areas. developing effective drought-resistant cultivation measures is a priority for viticulture. melatonin, an indoleamine, mediates many physiological processes in plants. herein, we examined whether exogenously applied melatonin could improve the resistance of wine grape seedlings grown from cuttings t ... | 2014 | 25039750 |
| cavitation: a blessing in disguise? new method to establish vulnerability curves and assess hydraulic capacitance of woody tissues. | the hydraulic performance of woody species during drought is currently of high interest in the context of climate change. it is known that woody species have the capacity to mitigate water shortage by using internally stored water. elastic shrinkage of living cells and also water release during cavitation contribute to the so-called 'hydraulic capacitance' (c) of the plant, which adds water to the transpiration stream and buffers fluctuations in water potential. although sap-conducting conduits ... | 2015 | 25030935 |
| assessment of insecticide resistance of lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae) in emilia-romagna region. | the european grapevine moth, lobesia botrana (denis & schiffermüller) (lepidoptera: tortricidae), is the key pest of vineyard, vitis vinifera l. in italy, failures in field chemical pest control have been recently reported. the susceptibility to insecticides indoxacarb, methoxyfenozide, and emamectin benzoate was then evaluated in a l. botrana population collected from a vineyard in emilia-romagna (northeastern italy) where pest management programs achieved unsatisfactory results. the field tria ... | 2014 | 25026689 |
| evaluating wild grapevine tolerance to copper toxicity. | we evaluate copper tolerance and accumulation in vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris in populations from a copper contaminated site and an uncontaminated site, and in the grapevine rootstock "41b", investigating the effects of copper (0-23 mm) on growth, photosynthetic performance and mineral nutrient content. the highest cu treatment induced nutrient imbalances and inhibited photosynthetic function, causing a drastic reduction in growth in the three study plants. effective concentration was higher t ... | 2015 | 25025740 |
| phenolic profiles and antioxidant properties of young wines made from yan73 (vitis vinifera l.) and cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.) grapes treated by 24-epibrassinolide. | the grape berries of two varieties, yan73 (vitis vinifera l.) and cabernet sauvignon (cs) (vitis vinifera l.) were treated with 0.40 mg/l 24-epibrassinolide (ebr), 1.00 mg/l brassinazole (brz), and deionized water (control), at the veraison period. the ebr treatment significantly increased total phenolic content (tpc), total tannin content (ttc) and total anthocyanin content (tac) of yan73 and cs wines, whereas brz treatment decreased tpc, total flavonoid content (tfc), tac in the two wines. mor ... | 2014 | 25025149 |
| metabolic changes of vitis vinifera berries and leaves exposed to bordeaux mixture. | since the development of bordeaux mixture in the late 1800's, copper-based fungicides have been widely used against grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) diseases, mainly in organic but also in conventional viticulture; however their intensive use has raised phytotoxicity concerns. in this study, the composition of grape berries and leaves upon bordeaux mixture treatment was investigated during the fructification season by a metabolomic approach. four applications of bordeaux mixture till 3 weeks before ... | 2014 | 25022258 |
| management practices impact vine carbohydrate status to a greater extent than vine productivity. | light pruning and deficit irrigation regimes are practices which are widely used in high yielding commercial vineyards in the warm climate regions of australia. little information is available on their impacts on carbohydrate dynamics in vegetative organs within and between seasons, and on the resulting plant capacity to maintain productivity and ripen fruits. this study was conducted to address this gap in knowledge over five vintages on vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet franc, shiraz, and caberne ... | 2014 | 25018758 |
| protein-precipitable tannin in wines from vitis vinifera and interspecific hybrid grapes (vitis ssp.): differences in concentration, extractability, and cell wall binding. | although they possess significant viticultural advantages, interspecific hybrid grapes (vitis spp.) are reported to produce wine with lower tannin concentrations than european wine varieties (vitis vinifera). however, extensive quantitative data on this phenomenon as well as mechanistic explanations for these differences are lacking. a survey of primarily commercial wines from the finger lakes american viticultural area (new york) using a protein precipitation method determined that hybrid-based ... | 2014 | 25017417 |
| expression of terpene synthase genes associated with the formation of volatiles in different organs of vitis vinifera. | plants produce a plethora of volatile organic compounds (vocs) which are important in determining the quality and nutraceutical properties of horticultural food products, including the taste and aroma of wine. given that some of the most prevalent grape aroma constituents are terpenoids, we investigated the possible variations in the relative expression of terpene synthase (tps) genes that depend on the organ. we thus analysed mature leaves, young leaves, stems, young stems, roots, rachis, tendr ... | 2014 | 25014656 |
| solar ultraviolet radiation is necessary to enhance grapevine fruit ripening transcriptional and phenolic responses. | ultraviolet (uv) radiation modulates secondary metabolism in the skin of vitis vinifera l. berries, which affects the final composition of both grapes and wines. the expression of several phenylpropanoid biosynthesis-related genes is regulated by uv radiation in grape berries. however, the complete portion of transcriptome and ripening processes influenced by solar uv radiation in grapes remains unknown. | 2014 | 25012688 |
| [evaluation of root and bud cold hardiness of wine grape varieties based on temperature-injury relation]. | a system for differential thermal analysis (dta) was applied for low temperature exotherms (lte) analysis of roots and buds of eight wine grape varieties, and the temperature-injury (lt-i) regression functions of buds, phloem and xylem of roots were established to evaluate the cold hardiness of roots and buds of the different varieties. the order of phloem 50% lethal temperature of the eight grapevines was marselan > cabernet franc > cabernet sauvignon > petit manseng > chardonnay > cabernet ger ... | 2014 | 25011289 |
| mitochondria change dynamics and morphology during grapevine leaf senescence. | leaf senescence is the last stage of development of an organ and is aimed to its ordered disassembly and nutrient reallocation. whereas chlorophyll gradually degrades during senescence in leaves, mitochondria need to maintain active to sustain the energy demands of senescing cells. here we analysed the motility and morphology of mitochondria in different stages of senescence in leaves of grapevine (vitis vinifera), by stably expressing a gfp (green fluorescent protein) reporter targeted to these ... | 2014 | 25009991 |
| proanthocyanidin accumulation and biosynthesis are modulated by the irrigation regime in tempranillo seeds. | the main effects of three different irrigation regimes, i.e., sustained deficit irrigation (sdi), regulated deficit irrigation (rdi) and non-irrigated (ni), on seed traits namely proanthocyanidins (pas) were evaluated in the wine grape cultivar aragonez (syn. tempranillo) grown in alentejo (portugal) over two growing seasons. results showed that while the number of seeds per berry was not affected by water availability, seed fresh weight differed among treatments, the ni treatment exhibiting the ... | 2014 | 25000262 |
| assessment of (poly)phenols in grape (vitis vinifera l.) stems by using food/pharma industry compatible solvents and response surface methodology. | a box-behnken design of response surface methodology (rsm) was conducted to analyse the effect of time (10-30 min), temperature (25-95°c), and solvents concentration (5-90%) on the extraction of total phenolics, flavonoids, ortho-diphenols, and anthocyanins as well as to assess the abts(+) scavenging capacity, which were considered as response variables. values coefficients of determination (r(2)), ranging from 0.903 to 0.996, fitted for describing efficient extraction of bioactive (poly)phenols ... | 2014 | 24996343 |
| a preliminary characterization of aglianico (vitis vinifera l. cv.) grape proanthocyanidins and evaluation of their reactivity towards salivary proteins. | the flavan-3-ol and proanthocyanidin composition of aglianico seeds and skins were for the first time determined by hplc-ms in comparison with the international grapes merlot and cabernet sauvignon. monomers [(+)-catechin c, (-)-epicatechin ec, (-)-epicatechin-3-o-gallate, ecg] and oligomers [b1, b2, b3, b4 dimers and trimer c1] were identified and quantified in grape extracts. in order to evaluate the reactivity towards salivary proteins of model wine solutions of seeds and skins monomeric/olig ... | 2014 | 24996317 |
| effect of power ultrasound application on aqueous extraction of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity from grape pomace (vitis vinifera l.): experimental kinetics and modeling. | the kinetics of both conventional (mechanical stirring, 200rpm) and acoustic (55±5khz, 435±5w/l) aqueous extraction of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity from grape pomace by-products (vitis vinifera l.) have been experimentally evaluated and modeled at different extraction temperatures (20, 35 and 50°c). a gradual and significant increase of total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the extracts was observed as the temperature increased, the highest values being obtained i ... | 2015 | 24970116 |
| enhancement of phenolics, resveratrol and antioxidant activity by nitrogen enrichment in cell suspension culture of vitis vinifera. | ammonium nitrate (nh4no3), an important nitrogen source (34% n), has been used as an elicitor to stimulate plant growth and development as well as induce secondary metabolites under controlled conditions. in the present paper, we investigated the enhancement of cell biomass, total phenolics, resveratrol levels, and antioxidant activity of vitis vinifera cv. pok dum by nitrogen enrichment (ms medium supplemented with nh4no3 at 0, 500, 1,000, 5,000 and 10,000 mg/l). the highest accumulations of bi ... | 2014 | 24962393 |
| beneficial insects attracted to native flowering buckwheats (eriogonum michx) in central washington. | native plant and beneficial insect associations are relatively unstudied yet are important in native habitat restoration programs aimed at improving conservation biological control in perennial crops such as wine grapes. beneficial insects (predators, parasitoids, pollinators) attracted to 10 species of flowering native wild buckwheat (eriogonum spp.) in central washington were identified and counted on transparent sticky traps. combining all categories of beneficial insects, the mean number per ... | 2014 | 24960157 |
| factors influencing the aroma composition of chardonnay wines. | chardonnay is one of the oldest and most widely distributed wine grape cultivars and is of commercial importance for the world's wine-producing nations. it is an extremely flexible variety that has adapted to different regions with varied weather and soil characteristics. somewhat uniquely among white wines, chardonnay lends itself to a wide variety of production styles, which can be tailored to the target market. techniques such as skin maceration, barrel and stainless steel fermentation, use o ... | 2014 | 24954266 |
| antitumoural activity of viniferin-enriched extracts from vitis vinifera l. cell cultures. | the aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of stilbenes from different cultivars of vitis vinifera on tumour proliferation. extracts were obtained from elicited v. vinifera cell cultures and characterised by hplc/dad/ms. cell growth was evaluated in four human cancer cell lines and in normal human fibroblasts. the cells were exposed to the extracts or to trans-resveratrol, used as reference molecule, for 48 h, at 1-10 μm concentrations of total stilbenoids. all the extracts exhibited antipr ... | 2014 | 24949881 |
| methoxypyrazine analysis and influence of viticultural and enological procedures on their levels in grapes, musts, and wines. | this review discusses the factors that affect the concentrations of methoxypyrazines (mps) and the techniques used to analyze mps in grapes, musts, and wines. mps are commonly studied pyrazines in food science due to their contribution of aroma and flavor to numerous vegetables such as peas and asparagus. they are described as highly odorous compounds with a very low olfactory threshold. the grape varietals that exhibit green or herbaceous aromas that are characteristic of mps are predominantly ... | 2015 | 24915378 |
| study of the effects of proline, phenylalanine, and urea foliar application to tempranillo vineyards on grape amino acid content. comparison with commercial nitrogen fertilisers. | the aim of this work was to study the influence of foliar application of different nitrogen sources on grape amino acid content. the nitrogen sources applied to tempranillo grapevines were proline, phenylalanine, urea, and two commercial nitrogen fertilisers, both without and with amino acids in their formulations. all treatments were applied at veraison and one week later. proline treatment did not affect the must nitrogen composition. however, phenylalanine and urea foliar application enhanced ... | 2014 | 24912708 |
| recovery and fine structure variability of rgii sub-domains in wine (vitis vinifera merlot). | rhamnogalacturonan ii (rgii) is a structurally complex pectic sub-domain composed of more than 12 different sugars and 20 different linkages distributed in five side chains along a homogalacturonan backbone. although rgii has long been described as highly conserved over plant evolution, recent studies have revealed variations in the structure of the polysaccharide. this study examines the fine structure variability of rgii in wine, focusing on the side chains a and b obtained after sequential mi ... | 2014 | 24908680 |
| structural characterization of lignin from grape stalks (vitis vinifera l.). | the chemical structure of lignin from grape stalks, an abundant waste of winemaking, has been studied. the dioxane lignin was isolated from extractive- and protein-free grape stalks (vitis vinifera l.) by modified acidolytic procedure and submitted to a structural analysis by wet chemistry (nitrobenzene and permanganate oxidation (po)) and spectroscopic techniques. the results obtained suggest that grape stalk lignin is an hgs type with molar proportions of p-hydroxyphenyl (h), guaiacyl (g) and ... | 2014 | 24892733 |
| optimization of extraction of bioactive compounds from different types of grape pomace produced at wineries and distilleries. | natural extracts obtained from grape pomace are particularly interesting, due to the substantial variety of valuable compounds present with health benefits, specifically phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, trans-resveratrol, quercetin, and proanthocyanidins. the production of such extracts has been recognized as a profitable way to valorize grape byproducts, which are low-value and most abundant. first, the effect of the solvent on the extraction of bioactive compounds from grape pomace is ... | 2014 | 24891032 |
| molecular cloning and functional characterization of the anthocyanidin reductase gene from vitis bellula. | anthocyanidin reductase (anr) is an nadph-/nadh-dependent enzyme that transfers two hydrides to anthocyanidins to produce three types of isomeric flavan-3-ols. this reductase forms the anr pathway toward the biosynthesis of proanthocyanidins (pas, which are also called condensed tannins). here, we report cloning and functional characterization of an anr (called vbanr) homolog from the leaves of vitis bellula, a newly developed grape crop in southern china. the open reading frame (orf) of vbanr i ... | 2014 | 24880552 |
| determination of abscisic acid and its glucosyl ester in embryogenic callus cultures of vitis vinifera in relation to the maturation of somatic embryos using a new liquid chromatography-elisa analysis method. | the levels of abscisic acid (aba), its conjugate aba-ge, and iaa were determined in embryogenic calli of vitis vinifera l. (cv. mencía) cultured in dm1 differentiation medium, to relate them to the maturation process of somatic embryos. to achieve this goal, we developed an analytical method that included two steps of solid-phase extraction, chromatographic separation by hplc, aba-ge hydrolysis, and sensitive elisa quantification. because the aba immunoassay was based on new polyclonal antibodie ... | 2014 | 24877677 |
| enhanced salt-induced antioxidative responses involve a contribution of polyamine biosynthesis in grapevine plants. | the possible involvement of polyamines in the salt stress adaptation was investigated in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) plantlets focusing on photosynthesis and oxidative metabolism. salt stress resulted in the deterioration of plant growth and photosynthesis, and treatment of plantlets with methylglyoxal-bis(guanylhydrazone) (mgbg), a s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (samdc) inhibitor, enhanced the salt stress effect. a decrease in psii quantum yield (fv/fm), effective psii quantum yield (y(ii ... | 2014 | 24877669 |
| the application of chitosan and benzothiadiazole in vineyard (vitis vinifera l. cv groppello gentile) changes the aromatic profile and sensory attributes of wine. | this work reports the effects of resistance inducers on wine aroma compounds and sensory attributes. resistance inducers are a class of products able to elicit the plant defence mechanisms against pathogens, incurring lower toxicological risks than conventional agrochemicals. among them, chitosan (cht) and benzothiadiazole (bth) are particularly effective in stimulating the biosynthesis of bioactive phytochemicals. they were used in a two-year survey conducted to assess experimental wines obtain ... | 2014 | 24874376 |
| effect of shooting medium and source of material on grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) shoot tip recovery after cryopreservation. | selecting experimental material at the optimal physiological stage is of paramount importance for successful cryopreservation. | 2014 | 24872156 |
| functional characterization of a new grapevine myb transcription factor and regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in grapes. | a new regulator of proanthocyanidin (pa) biosynthesis in grapes was found by screening genes coordinately expressed with pa accumulation under different light conditions using a substantially improved method of serial analysis of gene expression (supersage). this r2r3-myb transcription factor, vvmybpar, shows high protein sequence similarity with pa biosynthesis-regulating plant mybs, such as vvmybpa2 and transparent testa2. its transcript levels were relatively high in the skins of young berrie ... | 2014 | 24860184 |
| origin of the pinking phenomenon of white wines. | pinking is the terminology used for the salmon-red blush color that may appear in white wines produced exclusively from white grape varieties. the isolation of pinking compounds and their analysis by rp-hplc-dad and esi-ms(n) showed that the origin of the pinking phenomenon in white wines from vitis vinifera l. of sı́ria grape variety are the anthocyanins, mainly malvidin-3-o-glucoside. the analysis showed that the anthocyanins were located both in the pulp and in the skin. wine pinking severity ... | 2014 | 24857316 |
| treatment strategies for high resveratrol induction in vitis vinifera l. cell suspension culture. | bioprocesses capable of producing large scales of resveratrol at nutraceutical grade are in demand. this study herein investigated treatment strategies to induce the production of resveratrol in vitis vinifera l. cell suspension cultures. among seven investigated elicitors, jasmonic acid (ja), salicylic acid, β-glucan (glu), and chitosan enhanced the production of intracellular resveratrol manyfold. the combined treatment of ja and glu increased extracellular resveratrol production by up to tenf ... | 2014 | 28435798 |
| a useful approach for the differentiation of wines according to geographical origin based on global volatile patterns. | in this study, the feasibility of solid-phase extraction combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in tandem with partial least squares discriminant analysis was evaluated as a useful strategy to differentiate wines according to geographical origin (azores, canary and madeira islands) and types (white, red and fortified wine) based on their global volatile patterns. for this purpose, 34 monovarietal wines from these three wine grape-growing regions were investigated, combining the h ... | 2014 | 24830411 |
| genetic control and evolution of anthocyanin methylation. | anthocyanins are a chemically diverse class of secondary metabolites that color most flowers and fruits. they consist of three aromatic rings that can be substituted with hydroxyl, sugar, acyl, and methyl groups in a variety of patterns depending on the plant species. to understand how such chemical diversity evolved, we isolated and characterized methylation at three2 (mt2) and the two methylation at five (mf) loci from petunia spp., which direct anthocyanin methylation in petals. the proteins ... | 2014 | 24830298 |
| effects of uv exclusion on the physiology and phenolic composition of leaves and berries of vitis vinifera cv. graciano. | ultraviolet (uv) radiation induces adaptive responses that can be used for plant production improvement. the aim of this study was to assess the effect of solar uv exclusion on the physiology and phenolic compounds of leaves and berry skins of vitis vinifera l. cv. graciano under field conditions. phenolic compounds were analyzed globally and individually in both the vacuolar fraction and, for the first time in grapevine, the cell wall-bound fraction. these different locations may represent dive ... | 2015 | 24820651 |
| pectic-β(1,4)-galactan, extensin and arabinogalactan-protein epitopes differentiate ripening stages in wine and table grape cell walls. | cell wall changes in ripening grapes (vitis vinifera) have been shown to involve re-modelling of pectin, xyloglucan and cellulose networks. newer experimental techniques, such as molecular probes specific for cell wall epitopes, have yet to be extensively used in grape studies. limited general information is available on the cell wall properties that contribute to texture differences between wine and table grapes. this study evaluates whether profiling tools can detect cell wall changes in ripen ... | 2014 | 24812249 |
| genome-wide identification, characterization and expression analysis of the auxin response factor gene family in vitis vinifera. | our study has identified and analyzed the vvarf gene family that may be associated with the development of grape berry and other tissues. auxin response factors (arfs) are transcription factors that regulate the expression of auxin responsive genes through specific binding to auxin response elements (auxres). the arf genes are represented by a large multigene family in plants. until now, many arf families have been characterized based on genome resources. however, there is no specialized researc ... | 2014 | 24792421 |
| differential proteomic analysis of grapevine leaves by itraq reveals responses to heat stress and subsequent recovery. | high temperature is a major environmental factor limiting grape yield and affecting berry quality. thermotolerance includes the direct response to heat stress and the ability to recover from heat stress. to better understand the mechanism of the thermotolerance of vitis, we combined a physiological analysis with itraq-based proteomics of vitis vinifera cv cabernet sauvignon, subjected to 43°c for 6 h, and then followed by recovery at 25/18°c. | 2014 | 24774513 |
| day and night heat stress trigger different transcriptomic responses in green and ripening grapevine (vitis vinifera) fruit. | global climate change will noticeably affect plant vegetative and reproductive development. the recent increase in temperatures has already impacted yields and composition of berries in many grapevine-growing regions. physiological processes underlying temperature response and tolerance of the grapevine fruit have not been extensively investigated. to date, all studies investigating the molecular regulation of fleshly fruit response to abiotic stress were only conducted during the day, overlooki ... | 2014 | 24774299 |
| comparison of extraction protocols to determine differences in wine-extractable tannin and anthocyanin in vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz and cabernet sauvignon grapes. | cabernet sauvignon and shiraz grapes were sourced from different regions within australia, and microvinified with a skin contact period of 6 days. grape samples were extracted using two protocols: a 15% v/v ethanol, 10 g/l tartaric acid extract of gently crushed berries (wine-like, wl) and a 50% v/v ethanol, ph 2 extract of grape berry homogenate. it was found that in wl extracts, grape tannin and anthocyanin concentrations were strongly related to wine tannin, anthocyanin and color density achi ... | 2014 | 24773241 |
| evaluation of tannins interactions in grape (vitis vinifera l.) skins. | tannins have a central role in grapevine berries both for their physiological and enological implications. in the skin tissue they can be in vacuolar solution, or associated to the cell walls through weak or strong physicochemical interactions. the present work aims to separate vacuolar, non-covalently and covalently bonded tannins fractions. a specific extraction procedure was developed. a first extraction in ethanol at low temperature allowed the quantification of vacuolar tannins. an urea tre ... | 2014 | 24767062 |
| postharvest treatments with ethylene on vitis vinifera (cv sangiovese) grapes affect berry metabolism and wine composition. | grapes (vitis vinifera, cv sangiovese), harvested at standard commercial maturity, were treated for 36 h with ethylene (et, 1000 ppm) or air (control, ct) before vinification. the composition of the grapes, must and wine was different in the ct and et samples. in the et wine, higher concentrations of specific phenol compounds, belonging to the classes of flavonols, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and stilbenes, were detected. et induced a significant change in the wine aroma profile by increasing fr ... | 2014 | 24767053 |
| deconvoluting effects of vine and soil properties on grape berry composition. | grape berry composition is influenced by several factors including grapevine and soil properties and their interactions. understanding how these factors interact to determine berry composition is integral to producing berries with desired composition. here we used extensive spatio-temporal data to identify significant vine and soil features that influence shiraz berry composition. | 2015 | 24756770 |
| genome-wide identification of wrky family genes and their response to cold stress in vitis vinifera. | wrky transcription factors are one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators in plants. wrky genes are not only found to play significant roles in biotic and abiotic stress response, but also regulate growth and development. grapevine (vitis vinifera) production is largely limited by stressful climate conditions such as cold stress and the role of wrky genes in the survival of grapevine under these conditions remains unknown. | 2014 | 24755338 |
| determination of fungicides in white grape bagasse by pressurized liquid extraction and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. | ultrasound-assisted extraction (uae) and pressurized liquid extraction (ple) followed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (gc tq-ms) were used for the rapid determination of 11 fungicides (metalaxyl, cyprodinil, procymidone, iprovalicarb, myclobutanyl, kresoxim-methyl, benalaxyl, fenhexamide, tebuconazole, iprodione and dimethomorph) in white grape bagasse. the extractions were optimized on real non-spiked samples by means of experimental design and the optimal conditions w ... | 2014 | 24746069 |
| from uvr8 to flavonol synthase: uv-b-induced gene expression in sauvignon blanc grape berry. | the aim of this research was to determine the effect of development and uv-b on flavonols and the regulation of gene activity in vitis vinifera l. var. sauvignon blanc grapes. particular emphasis was placed on gene activity associated with the low and high fluence uv-b responses. flavonols, particularly quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, increased substantially upon fruit exposure due to uv-b, with spatial analysis locating the changes to the berry skin. of five vvfls genes in grapes, two (vvf ... | 2015 | 24738597 |
| characterization of est-derived and non-est simple sequence repeats in an f₁ hybrid population of vitis vinifera l. | among different classes of molecular markers, expressed sequence tags (ests) are a new resource for developing simple sequence repeat (ssr) functional markers for genotyping and genetic mapping in f1 hybrid populations of vitis vinifera l. recently, because of the availability of an enormous amount of data for ests in the public domain, the emphasis has shifted from genomic ssrs to est-ssrs, which belong to transcribed regions of the genome and may have a role in gene expression or function. the ... | 2014 | 24737470 |
| microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes engaged in fruit development between table and wine grape. | microarray analysis of genes can provide individual gene-expression profiles and new insights for elucidating biological mechanisms responsible for fruit development. to obtain an overall view on expression profiles of metabolism-related genes involved in fruit development of table and wine grapes, a microarray system comprising 15,403 ests was used to compare the expressed genes. the expression patterns from the microarray analysis were validated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain rea ... | 2014 | 24728608 |
| genome-wide analysis and expression profile of the bzip transcription factor gene family in grapevine (vitis vinifera). | basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factor gene family is one of the largest and most diverse families in plants. current studies have shown that the bzip proteins regulate numerous growth and developmental processes and biotic and abiotic stress responses. nonetheless, knowledge concerning the specific expression patterns and evolutionary history of plant bzip family members remains very limited. | 2014 | 24725365 |
| a novel method for evaluating flavanols in grape seeds by near infrared hyperspectral imaging. | chemical composition of seeds changes during grape ripening and this affects the sensory properties of wine. in order to control the features of wines, the condition of seeds is becoming an important factor for deciding the moment of harvesting by winemakers. sensory analysis is not easy to carry out and chemical analysis needs lengthy procedures, reagents, and it is destructive and time-consuming. in the present work, near infrared hyperspectral imaging has been used to determine flavanols in s ... | 2014 | 24720976 |
| characterization of hg-phytochelatins complexes in vines (vitis vinifera cv malbec) as defense mechanism against metal stress. | an approach to understand vines (vitis vinifera) defense mechanism against heavy metal stress by isolation and determination of hg-phytochelatins (pcs) complexes was performed. pcs are important molecules involved in the control of metal concentration in plants. pcs complex toxic metals through -sh groups and stores them inside cells vacuole avoiding any toxic effect of free metals in the cytosol. the hg-pcs identification was achieved by determination of hg and s as hetero-tagged atoms. a metho ... | 2014 | 24715273 |
| genome-wide identification, evolution and expression analysis of the grape (vitis vinifera l.) zinc finger-homeodomain gene family. | plant zinc finger-homeodomain (zhd) genes encode a family of transcription factors that have been demonstrated to play an important role in the regulation of plant growth and development. in this study, we identified a total of 13 zhd genes (vvzhd) in the grape genome that were further classified into at least seven groups. genome synteny analysis revealed that a number of vvzhd genes were present in the corresponding syntenic blocks of arabidopsis, indicating that they arose before the divergen ... | 2014 | 24705465 |
| detection of new genetic profiles and allelic variants in improperly classified grapevine accessions. | thirty-seven grapevine accessions, collected in central italy, were characterized by morphological and genetic analysis, according to guidelines developed by european union programs of grapevine research and standardization. traditional denominations of some sampled varieties were revealed to be incorrect; moreover, 10 synonymies and 12 homonymies were recognized. ampelographic and ampelometric measurements of leaf characters were performed. these data generated a phenotypic similarity matrix an ... | 2014 | 24702068 |
| vvmate1 and vvmate2 encode putative proanthocyanidin transporters expressed during berry development in vitis vinifera l. | vvmate1 and vvmate2 encode putative pa transporters expressed during seed development in grapevine. the subcellular localization of these mate proteins suggests different routes for the intracellular transport of pas. proanthocyanidins (pas), also called condensed tannins, protect plants against herbivores and are important quality components of many fruits. pas biosynthesis is part of the flavonoid pathway that also produces anthocyanins and flavonols. in grape fruits, pas are present in seeds ... | 2014 | 24700246 |
| the onset of grapevine berry ripening is characterized by ros accumulation and lipoxygenase-mediated membrane peroxidation in the skin. | the ripening of fleshy fruits is a complex developmental program characterized by extensive transcriptomic and metabolic remodeling in the pericarp tissues (pulp and skin) making unripe green fruits soft, tasteful and colored. the onset of ripening is regulated by a plethora of endogenous signals tuned to external stimuli. in grapevine and tomato, which are classified as non-climacteric and climacteric species respectively, the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and extensive modulation of ... | 2014 | 24693871 |
| is stomatal conductance optimized over both time and space in plant crowns? a field test in grapevine (vitis vinifera). | crown carbon gain is maximized for a given total water loss if stomatal conductance (gs ) varies such that the marginal carbon product of water (∂a/∂e) remains invariant both over time and among leaves in a plant crown, provided the curvature of assimilation rate (a) versus transpiration rate (e) is negative. we tested this prediction across distinct crown positions in situ for the first time by parameterizing a biophysical model across 14 positions in four grapevine crowns (vitis vinifera), com ... | 2014 | 24689930 |
| circadian oscillatory transcriptional programs in grapevine ripening fruits. | temperature and solar radiation influence vitis vinifera l. berry ripening. both environmental conditions fluctuate cyclically on a daily period basis and the strength of this fluctuation affects grape ripening too. additionally, a molecular circadian clock regulates daily cyclic expression in a large proportion of the plant transcriptome modulating multiple developmental processes in diverse plant organs and developmental phases. circadian cycling of fruit transcriptomes has not been characteri ... | 2014 | 24666982 |
| characterization of grape (vitis vinifera l.) berry sunburn symptoms by reflectance. | sunburn can affect grape quality both for chemical modifications and by visual impact of the browning. optical properties of 17 white grape accessions were investigated in the visible region using a noninvasive instrument. reflectance spectra were obtained using a jaz system spectrometer. browning was induced by exposing grape bunches to direct sunlight at 12:30 p.m. for 5 h. during the experiment, the global solar radiation ranged from 2.6 to 2.7 mj m-2 h-1 and the air temperature from 24.3 to ... | 2014 | 24650184 |
| pyrosequencing reveals regional differences in fruit-associated fungal communities. | we know relatively little of the distribution of microbial communities generally. significant work has examined a range of bacterial communities, but the distribution of microbial eukaryotes is less well characterized. humans have an ancient association with grape vines (vitis vinifera) and have been making wine since the dawn of civilization, and fungi drive this natural process. while the molecular biology of certain fungi naturally associated with vines and wines is well characterized, comple ... | 2014 | 24650123 |
| transcriptional analysis of tendril and inflorescence development in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). | in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), the lateral meristem can give rise to either tendrils or inflorescences which are determined organs. to get insights into the processes of tendril and inflorescence development, we characterized the transcriptional variation taking place in both organs. the results of the global transcriptional analyses along tendril and inflorescence development suggested that these two homologous organs initially share a common transcriptional program related to cell prolifera ... | 2014 | 24637773 |
| influence of magnesium on copper phytotoxicity to and accumulation and translocation in grapevines. | the phytotoxic effects of excess copper (cu) on grapevines (vitis vinifera l. var. kyoho) were examined, both from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives, by using a fifteen-day hydroponic experiments. the influence of magnesium (mg) on cu phytotoxicity to, and accumulation and translocation in grapevines was also observed. for phytotoxicity effect, results showed that a relative low median growth inhibition level of cu was found for grapevine roots (0.809-3.671μm). moreover, cu toxicity was s ... | 2014 | 24632121 |
| the first insight into the metabolite profiling of grapes from three vitis vinifera l. cultivars of two controlled appellation (doc) regions. | the characterization of the metabolites accumulated in the grapes of specific cultivars grown in different climates is of particular importance for viticulturists and enologists. in the present study, the metabolite profiling of grapes from the cultivars, alvarinho, arinto and padeiro de basto, of two portuguese controlled denomination of origin (doc) regions (vinho verde and lisboa) was investigated by gas chromatography-coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry (gc-tof-ms) and an amino acid ana ... | 2014 | 24619195 |
| tracing phenolic metabolism in vitis vinifera berries with 13c6-phenylalanine: implication of an unidentified intermediate reservoir. | understanding the regulation of phenolic compounds in agricultural products has been a topic of great interest. in v. vinifera berries, phenolics are responsible for important sensory and functional characteristics. to elucidate the ripening profile of phenolic compounds in cabernet sauvignon berries, the stable-isotope tracer l-phenyl-(13)c6-alanine (phe(13)) was incorporated in situ, and the development of labeled and unlabeled phenolics was tracked in the vineyard at different stages of matur ... | 2014 | 24611798 |
| relationships between stomatal behavior, xylem vulnerability to cavitation and leaf water relations in two cultivars of vitis vinifera. | current understanding of physiological mechanisms governing stomatal behavior under water stress conditions is still incomplete and controversial. it has been proposed that coordination of stomatal kinetics with xylem vulnerability to cavitation [vulnerability curve (vc)] leads to different levels of isohydry/anisohydry in different plant species/cultivars. in this study, this hypothesis is tested in vitis vinifera cultivars displaying contrasting stomatal behavior under drought stress. the cv m ... | 2014 | 24597791 |
| influence of post-pruning storage on stilbenoid levels in vitis vinifera l. canes. | increasing evidence for the health benefits of e-resveratrol has triggered interest in stilbenoids in grapes, wine and by-products. less attention has been paid to stilbenoid levels in viticulture residues. however, grape canes are a promising source of stilbenoids and have economic potential because they are a source of high-value phytochemicals. the objective of this research was to determine the effect of post-pruning storage on stilbenoid levels in grape canes. in most samples, the predomina ... | 2014 | 24594183 |
| the proteins of the grape (vitis vinifera l.) seed endosperm: fractionation and identification of the major components. | in the present study, grape (vitis vinifera l.) seed endosperm proteins were characterized after sequential fractionation, according to a modified osborne procedure. the salt-soluble fraction (albumins and globulins) comprised the majority (58.4%) of the total extracted protein. the protein fractions analysed by sds-page showed similar bands, indicating different solubility of the same protein components. sds-page in non-reducing and reducing conditions revealed the polypeptide composition of th ... | 2014 | 24594165 |
| effects of chitosan on the protein profile of grape cell culture subcellular fractions. | grapevine is a large source of healthy polyphenols for human diet, and red table-grapes and wines are the main source of stilbenes. these compounds are important both in the plant defence system and for human health. in the present study, vitis vinifera cv. barbera cell cultures were treated with 50 μg/ml chitosan and proteomic analyses on soluble and membrane subcellular fractions were performed against suitable controls. three soluble stilbene synthase protein spots, four stilbene synthase spo ... | 2014 | 24590893 |
| the tvv1 retrotransposon family is conserved between plant genomes separated by over 100 million years. | combining several different approaches, we have examined the structure, variability, and distribution of tvv1 retrotransposons. tvv1 is an unusual example of a low-copy retrotransposon metapopulation dispersed unevenly among very distant species and is promising for the development of molecular markers. retrotransposons are ubiquitous throughout the genomes of the vascular plants, but individual retrotransposon families tend to be confined to the level of plant genus or at most family. this rest ... | 2014 | 24590356 |
| biomolecule-mediated synthesis of selenium nanoparticles using dried vitis vinifera (raisin) extract. | biomolecule-mediated nanoparticle synthesis has recently the gained attention of researchers due to its ecofriendly and non-toxic nature. metabolites from plant extracts represent a better alternative to chemical methods to fulfill the growing demand for non-hazardous nanoparticle synthesis routes. selenium and its nanoparticles have an extensive range of applications. thus, biofabrication of selenium nanoparticles can be potentially useful in various fields. this study reports a green approach ... | 2014 | 24583881 |
| ssr and srap marker-based linkage map of vitis vinifera l. | an f1 population was created by the cross '87-1' × '9-22'. the female parent '87-1' was an extremely early maturing cultivar with strong flavour. the male parent was an excellent breeding line producing large berries maturing late. the mapping population included 149 randomly chosen individuals. molecular genetic map for each parent and the consensus map were constructed using simple sequence repeat and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers by software joinmap 3.0. the '87-1' map cover ... | 2014 | 26019507 |
| [effects of different drip irrigation modes on root distribution of wine grape 'cabernet sauvignon' in desert area of northwest china]. | to study the effects of different drip irrigation modes on the wine grape root distribution is the basis of formulating fertilization, irrigation, and over-wintering management practices for wine grape. taking the wine grape "cabernet sauvignon" as test material, this paper studied the effects of different water-saving irrigation modes (drip irrigation under straw mulching, drip irrigation under plastic mulching, double-tube drip irrigation, and single-tube drip irrigation) on the root distribut ... | 2013 | 24564135 |
| heritability and identification of qtls and underlying candidate genes associated with the architecture of the grapevine cluster (vitis vinifera l.). | we have identified 19 qtls for rachis architecture, a key and complex trait for grapevine production. fifty out of 1,173 genes underlying these qtls are candidates to be further explored. in the table grape industry, the rachis architecture has economic and management implications. therefore, understanding the genetics of this trait is key for its breeding. the aim of this work was to identify genetic determinants of traits associated with the cluster architecture. characterisations of eight tra ... | 2014 | 24556794 |
| biochemical and biological assessment of the inhibitory potency of extracts from vinification byproducts of vitis vinifera extracts against glycogen phosphorylase. | the inhibitory potency of thirteen polyphenolic extracts obtained from vinification byproducts of greek varieties of vitis vinifera against glycogen phosphorylase (gp) has been studied by kinetic experiments. gp is an enzyme involved in glucose homeostasis and a molecular target for the discovery of new hypoglycemic agents. studies have shown that all extracts display significant inhibitory potency for gp in vitro with ic50 values in the range of low μg/ml. x-ray crystallographic analysis of gp ... | 2014 | 24556570 |