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molecular characterization of vvsdir1 from vitis vinifera and its functional analysis by heterologous expression in nicotiana tabacum.the proteins harboring really interesting new gene (ring) finger domains comprise a large family and play key roles in a variety of cellular processes. one among them is the tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. in the present study, we characterize vitis vinifera salt- and drought-induced ring finger 1 (vvsdir1) a homologue of the arabidopsis sdir1 gene obtained from v. vinifera. the vvsdir1 gene was identified using in silico approaches and encodes a membrane-localized protein. t ...201322886312
comprehensive analysis of nac domain transcription factor gene family in vitis vinifera.key message : genome-wide identification of grapevine nac domain genes and investigation of their chromosome locations, gene structures, duplication, evolution, phylogeny and expression profiles. grapevine is a widely used fruit crop. nac (nam, ataf1/2 and cuc2) domain genes are plant-specific transcription factors (tfs) that comprise a conserved nam domain in the n-terminus. members of this gene family have been reported to contribute to plant development. during this study, 74 nac genes were i ...201322983198
regulation of the grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein encoding gene: expression pattern, induction profile and promoter analysis.regulation of defense in plants is a complex process mediated by various signaling pathways. promoter analysis of defense-related genes is useful to understand these signaling pathways involved in regulation. to this end, the regulation of the polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein encoding gene from vitis vinifera l. (vvpgip1) was analyzed with regard to expression pattern and induction profile as well as the promoter in terms of putative regulatory elements present, core promoter size and the st ...201322932820
antithrombin effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from black chokeberry and grape seeds.thrombin is a serine protease that cleaves the peptide bonds in proteins located on the carboxyl side of arginine. thrombin plays a central role in thromboembolic diseases, which are the major cause of mortality. the aim of the study was to estimate the effects of plant extracts on proteolytic properties of thrombin. thrombin was incubated with polyphenol-rich extracts from berries of aronia melanocarpa or seeds of vitis vinifera (0.5, 5, 50 µg/ml) and with polyphenols ((+)-catechin, (-)-epicate ...201322473647
three years monitoring survey of pesticide residues in sardinia wines following integrated pest management strategies.this paper reports the results of a pesticide monitoring survey on wine grapes from the 2008-2010 vintage from vineyards grown according to integrated pest management strategies. a multi-residue gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in electron ionization and chemical ionization mode has been used for the determination of 30 pesticides in wine samples. the analytical method showed good recoveries and allowed a good separation of the selected pesticides. repeatability and intermediate preci ...201322976121
a simple method for comparing fungal biomass in infected plant tissues.plant phenotypes resistant and susceptible to fungal pathogens are usually scored using qualitative, subjective methods that are based upon disease symptoms or by an estimation of the amount of visible fungal growth. given that plant resistance genes often confer partial resistance to fungal pathogens, a simple, sensitive, nonsubjective quantitative method for measuring pathogen growth would be highly advantageous. this report describes an in planta quantitative assay for fungal biomass based up ...201323405866
inheritance of downy mildew (plasmopara viticola) and anthracnose (sphaceloma ampelinum) resistance in grapevines.downy mildew (plasmopara viticola) and anthracnose (sphaceloma ampelinum) are two of the major diseases of most grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars grown in thailand. therefore, breeding grapevines for improved downy mildew and anthracnose resistance is crucial. factorial crosses were made between three downy mildew and/or anthracnose resistant lines ('ny88.0517.01', 'ny65.0550.04', and 'ny65.0551.05'; male parents) and two or three susceptible cultivars of v. vinifera ('black queen', 'carol ...201324391016
genetic dissection of a tir-nb-lrr locus from the wild north american grapevine species muscadinia rotundifolia identifies paralogous genes conferring resistance to major fungal and oomycete pathogens in cultivated grapevine.the most economically important diseases of grapevine cultivation worldwide are caused by the fungal pathogen powdery mildew (erysiphe necator syn. uncinula necator) and the oomycete pathogen downy mildew (plasmopara viticola). currently, grapegrowers rely heavily on the use of agrochemicals to minimize the potentially devastating impact of these pathogens on grape yield and quality. the wild north american grapevine species muscadinia rotundifolia was recognized as early as 1889 to be resistant ...201324033846
reference gene selection and validation for the early responses to downy mildew infection in susceptible and resistant vitis vinifera cultivars.the pivotal role of cultivated grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) in many countries economy is compromised by its high susceptibility to plasmopara viticola, the causal agent of downy mildew disease. recent research has identified a set of genes related to resistance which may be used to track downy mildew infection. quantification of the expression of these resistance genes requires normalizing qpcr data using reference genes with stable expression in the system studied. in this study, a set of elev ...201324023800
methionine elicits h2o2 generation and defense gene expression in grapevine and reduces plasmopara viticola infection.methionine (met) is a nutritionally essential sulfur-containing amino acid (saa) known for its preponderant role as initiator in protein synthesis. however, other functions for met in plants are not well described. the implication of this saa in oxidative stress tolerance has been recently reported, however the mode of action of met is still poorly understood. here, we analyzed the elicitor activity of met in grapevine as well as its effect on plasmopara viticola resistance. the results show tha ...201323859561
historical introgression of the downy mildew resistance gene rpv12 from the asian species vitis amurensis into grapevine varieties.the amur grape (vitis amurensis rupr.) thrives naturally in cool climates of northeast asia. resistance against the introduced pathogen plasmopara viticola is common among wild ecotypes that were propagated from manchuria into chinese vineyards or collected by soviet botanists in siberia, and used for the introgression of resistance into wine grapes (vitis vinifera l.). a qtl analysis revealed a dominant gene rpv12 that explained 79% of the phenotypic variance for downy mildew resistance and was ...201323593440
impact of clonal variability in vitis vinifera cabernet franc on grape composition, wine quality, leaf blade stilbene content, and downy mildew resistance.in this study, 10 clones of vitis vinifera cabernet franc (not yet commercial) have been phenotyped on precocity, grape composition, and assessment of wine quality made by microvinification in 2008-2010. additionally, two original criteria have been considered: concentration of 3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (ibmp) in grapes and wines (the green bell pepper flavor) and resistance of grapevines to downy mildew ( plasmopara viticola ) by stilbene quantification upon infection. precocity of veraison ...201323205623
influence of constitutive phenolic compounds on the response of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves to infection by plasmopara viticola.flavonols and hydroxycinnamic acids are known to contribute to plant resistance against pathogens, but there are few reports on the implication of flavonols in the resistance of grapevine against plasmopara viticola, and none on the involvement of hydroxycinnamic acids. in order to analyze the effect of flavonols on p. viticola infection, variable amounts of flavonols were induced by different light conditions in otherwise phenologically identical leaves. differences in content of leaf hydroxyci ...201323080015
preventing the acute skin side effects in patients treated with radiotherapy for breast cancer: the use of corneometry in order to evaluate the protective effect of moisturizing creams.the purpose of this study was to add, to the objective evaluation, an instrumental assessment of the skin damage induced by radiation therapy.201323497676
dragon tis spotter: an arabidopsis-derived predictor of translation initiation sites in plants.in higher eukaryotes, the identification of translation initiation sites (tiss) has been focused on finding these signals in cdna or mrna sequences. using arabidopsis thaliana (a.t.) information, we developed a prediction tool for signals within genomic sequences of plants that correspond to tiss. our tool requires only genome sequence, not expressed sequences. its sensitivity/specificity is for a.t. (90.75%/92.2%), for vitis vinifera (66.8%/94.4%) and for populus trichocarpa (81.6%/94.4%), whic ...201323110968
characterization of a bifunctional o- and n-glucosyltransferase from vitis vinifera in glucosylating phenolic compounds and 3,4-dichloroaniline in pichia pastoris and arabidopsis thaliana.2,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, 3-methylcatechol, phenol, hydroquinone, catechol, and 3,4-dichloroaniline are present in the environment and are risky to humans and animals because of their wide applications in many industries. in this study, a putative uridine diphosphate glucose-dependent glycosyltransferase from vitis vinifera (vvugt72b1) displayed high o-glucosyltransferase or n-glucosyltransferase activity toward all these xenbiotics and was able to enhance the resistance of p. p ...201324244688
whole-genome survey of the putative atp-binding cassette transporter family genes in vitis vinifera.the atp-binding cassette (abc) protein superfamily constitutes one of the largest protein families known in plants. in this report, we performed a complete inventory of abc protein genes in vitis vinifera, the whole genome of which has been sequenced. by comparison with abc protein members of arabidopsis thaliana, we identified 135 putative abc proteins with 1 or 2 nbds in v. vinifera. of these, 120 encode intrinsic membrane proteins, and 15 encode proteins missing tmds. v. vinifera abc proteins ...201324244377
detection of phytochrome-like genes from rhazya stricta (apocynaceae) using de novo genome assembly.phytochrome-like genes in the wild plant species rhazya stricta decne were characterized using a de novo genome assembly of next generation sequence data. rhazya stricta contains more than 100 alkaloids with multiple pharmacological properties, and leaf extracts have been used to cure chronic rheumatism, to treat tumors, and in the treatment of several other diseases. phytochromes are known to be involved in the light-regulated biosynthesis of some alkaloids. phytochromes are soluble chromoprote ...201324296076
genome-wide computational prediction and analysis of core promoter elements across plant monocots and dicots.transcription initiation, essential to gene expression regulation, involves recruitment of basal transcription factors to the core promoter elements (cpes). the distribution of currently known cpes across plant genomes is largely unknown. this is the first large scale genome-wide report on the computational prediction of cpes across eight plant genomes to help better understand the transcription initiation complex assembly. the distribution of thirteen known cpes across four monocots (brachypodi ...201324205361
gibberellin metabolism in vitis vinifera l. during bloom and fruit-set: functional characterization and evolution of grapevine gibberellin oxidases.gibberellins (gas) are involved in the regulation of flowering and fruit-set in grapes (vitis vinifera l.), but the molecular mechanisms behind this process are mostly unknown. in this work, the family of grapevine ga oxidases involved in the biosynthesis and deactivation of gas was characterized. six putative ga 20-oxidase (ga20ox), three ga 3-oxidase (ga3ox), and eight ga 2-oxidase (ga2ox) proteins, the latter further divided into five c19-ga 2ox and three c20-ga2ox proteins, were identified. ...201324006417
evaluation of genome sequencing quality in selected plant species using expressed sequence tags.with the completion of genome sequencing projects for more than 30 plant species, large volumes of genome sequences have been produced and stored in online databases. advancements in sequencing technologies have reduced the cost and time of whole genome sequencing enabling more and more plants to be subjected to genome sequencing. despite this, genome sequence qualities of multiple plants have not been evaluated.201323922843
cascading cis-cleavage on transcript from trans-acting sirna-producing locus 3.the production of small rnas (srnas) from phased positions set by microrna-directed cleavage of trans-acting-sirna-producing locus (tas) transcript has been characterized extensively; however, the production of srnas from non-phased positions remains unknown. we report three cis-cleavages that occurred in tas3 transcripts in vitis vinifera, by combining high-throughput srna deep sequencing information with evolutional conservation and genome-wide rna degradome analysis. the three cis-cleavages c ...201323857062
the metacaspase gene family of vitis vinifera l.: characterization and differential expression during ovule abortion in stenospermocarpic seedless grapes.in both plants and animals, programmed cell death (pcd) is an indispensable process that removes redundant cells. in seedless grapes (vitis vinifera), abnormal pcd in ovule cells and subsequent ovule abortion play key roles in stenospermocarpy. metacaspase, a type of cysteine-dependent protease, plays an essential role in pcd. to reveal the characteristics of the metacaspase (mc) gene family and the relationship between metacaspases and the seedless trait, we identified the 6 v. vinifera metacas ...201323845786
host cell entry of powdery mildew is correlated with endosomal transport of antagonistically acting vvpen1 and vvmlo to the papilla.challenge by a nonadapted powdery mildew fungal pathogen leads to the formation of a local cell-wall apposition (papilla) beneath the point of attempted penetration. several plasma membrane (pm) proteins with opposing roles in powdery mildew infection, including arabidopsis thaliana penetration1 (pen1) and barley (hordeum vulgare) mildew resistance locus o (mlo), are localized to the site of powdery mildew attack. pen1 contributes to penetration resistance to nonadapted powdery mildews, whereas ...201323819806
planex: the plant co-expression database.the plant co-expression database (planex) is a new internet-based database for plant gene analysis. planex (http://planex.plantbioinformatics.org) contains publicly available genechip data obtained from the gene expression omnibus (geo) of the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi). planex is a genome-wide co-expression database, which allows for the functional identification of genes from a wide variety of experimental designs. it can be used for the characterization of genes for ...201323688397
conservation, divergence, and genome-wide distribution of pal and pox a gene families in plants.genome-wide identification and phylogenetic and syntenic comparison were performed for the genes responsible for phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) and peroxidase a (pox a) enzymes in nine plant species representing very diverse groups like legumes (glycine max and medicago truncatula), fruits (vitis vinifera), cereals (sorghum bicolor, zea mays, and oryza sativa), trees (populus trichocarpa), and model dicot (arabidopsis thaliana) and monocot (brachypodium distachyon) species. a total of 87 and ...201323671845
the vacuolar channel vvalmt9 mediates malate and tartrate accumulation in berries of vitis vinifera.vitis vinifera l. represents an economically important fruit species. grape and wine flavour is made from a complex set of compounds. the acidity of berries is a major parameter in determining grape berry quality for wine making and fruit consumption. despite the importance of malic and tartaric acid (ta) storage and transport for grape berry acidity, no vacuolar transporter for malate or tartrate has been identified so far. some members of the aluminium-activated malate transporter (almt) anion ...201323645258
genome-wide analysis of the expansin gene superfamily reveals grapevine-specific structural and functional characteristics.expansins are proteins that loosen plant cell walls in a ph-dependent manner, probably by increasing the relative movement among polymers thus causing irreversible expansion. the expansin superfamily (exp) comprises four distinct families: expansin a (expa), expansin b (expb), expansin-like a (exla) and expansin-like b (exlb). there is experimental evidence that expa and expb proteins are required for cell expansion and developmental processes involving cell wall modification, whereas the exact ...201323614035
a significant fraction of 21-nucleotide small rna originates from phased degradation of resistance genes in several perennial species.small rnas (srnas), including microrna (mirna) and short-interfering rna (sirna), are important in the regulation of diverse biological processes. comparative studies of srnas from plants have mainly focused on mirna, even though they constitute a mere fraction of the total srna diversity. in this study, we report results from an in-depth analysis of the srna population from the conifer spruce (picea abies) and compared the results with those of a range of plant species. the vast majority of srn ...201323580593
a consensus orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (opls-da) strategy for multiblock omics data fusion.omics approaches have proven their value to provide a broad monitoring of biological systems. however, as no single analytical technique is sufficient to reveal the full biochemical content of complex biological matrices or biofluids, the fusion of information from several data sources has become a decisive issue. omics studies generate an increasing amount of massive data obtained from different analytical devices. these data are usually high dimensional and extracting knowledge from these mult ...201323498118
whole genome identification and analysis of fk506-binding protein family genes in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.).in plant and animal species fk506-binding protein (fkbp) family genes are important conserved genes and it is defined as the receptors of fk506 and rapamycin, where they work as ppiase and protein folding chaperones. fkbp have been isolated from arabidopsis thaliana, oryza sativa, and zea mays. in grape, twenty-three genes containing the fk506-binding domain (fkbp_c) were first time identified by hmmer and blast research, they were classified into three groups and 17 out of the 23 genes were loc ...201323269629
the first genetic map of the american cranberry: exploration of synteny conservation and quantitative trait loci.the first genetic map of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) has been constructed, comprising 14 linkage groups totaling 879.9 cm with an estimated coverage of 82.2 %. this map, based on four mapping populations segregating for field fruit-rot resistance, contains 136 distinct loci. mapped markers include blueberry-derived simple sequence repeat (ssr) and cranberry-derived sequence-characterized amplified region markers previously used for fingerprinting cranberry cultivars. in addition, ssr marke ...201323224333
assessment of polyphenolic content, antioxidant activity, protection against ros-induced dna damage and anticancer activity of vitis vinifera stem extracts.grape extracts and wine have been studied widely due to their beneficial effects on human health. however, there are only few studies from grape stems extracts. therefore, the main objective of the present study was the assessment in stem extracts from greek vitis vinifera varieties of the total polyphenolic content (tpc), the identification of the polyphenols present in them, and the evaluation of their antioxidant activity, protection against ros-induced dna damage and inhibition of liver (hep ...201323380202
flow system for the automatic screening of the effect of phenolic compounds on the luminol-hydrogen peroxide-peroxidase chemiluminescence system.in this work, an automated flow-based procedure for the screening of the effect of the different phenolic compounds on the chemiluminescence (cl) luminol-hydrogen peroxide-horseradish peroxidase (hrp) system is presented. this procedure involves the combination of multisyringe flow injection analysis (mfsia) and sequential injection analysis (sia) techniques and exploits the ability of the different subgroups of phenols, such as cholorophenols, nitrophenols, methylphenols and polyphenols, to enh ...201321308949
aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) superfamily in plants: gene nomenclature and comparative genomics.in recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of completely sequenced plant genomes. the comparison of fully sequenced genomes allows for identification of new gene family members, as well as comprehensive analysis of gene family evolution. the aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) gene superfamily comprises a group of enzymes involved in the nad(+)- or nadp(+)-dependent conversion of various aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids. aldh enzymes are involved in processin ...201323007552
crystallization and preliminary x-ray crystallographic analysis of udp-glucuronic acid:flavonol-3-o-glucuronosyltransferase (vvgt5) from the grapevine vitis vinifera.grapevine (vitis vinifera) glycosyltransferase 5 (vvgt5) is a udp-glucuronic acid:flavonol-3-o-glucuronosyltransferase that catalyses the 3-o-specific glucuronosylation of flavonols using udp-glucuronic acid as a sugar donor to produce flavonol 3-o-glucosides, which are important bioactive phytochemicals. recombinant vvgt5 expressed in escherichia coli cells was purified and crystallized by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. a full set of x-ray diffraction data was collected to 2.2 å brag ...201323295490
specificity of ocimum basilicum geraniol synthase modified by its expression in different heterologous systems.numerous aromatic plant species produce high levels of monoterpenols, using geranyl diphosphate (gpp) as a precursor. sweet basil (ocimum basilicum) geraniol synthase (ges) was used to evaluate the monoterpenol profiles arising from heterologous expressions in various plant models. grapevine (vitis vinifera) calli were transformed using agrobacterium tumefasciens and the plants were regenerated. thale cress (arabidopsis thaliana) was transformed using the floral dip method. tobacco (nicotiana be ...201323108028
crystal structure of udp-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-o-glucosyltransferase from clitoria ternatea.flowers of the butterfly pea (clitoria ternatea) accumulate a group of polyacylated anthocyanins, named ternatins, in their petals. the first step in ternatin biosynthesis is the transfer of glucose from udp-glucose to anthocyanidins such as delphinidin, a reaction catalyzed in c. ternatea by udp-glucose:anthocyanidin 3-o-glucosyltransferase (ct3gt-a; ab185904). to elucidate the structure-function relationship of ct3gt-a, recombinant ct3gt-a was expressed in escherichia coli and its tertiary str ...201324121335
evaluation of anticancer activity of fruit and leave extracts from virus infected and healthy cultivars of vitis vinifera.grape virus diseases are a serious problem in iran. leaves and fruits of grape have been used for different purposes like cooking in iran. the present investigation was carried out to study on the cytotoxic-activities of extracts of fruits and leaves of vitis vinifera from both virus-free and virus-infected grape cultivars against breast cancer cell line (mdamb- 231) and human embryonic kidney normal cell line (hek 293).201323862112
antioxidative responses in vitis vinifera infected by grapevine fanleaf virus.the antioxidative response of grapevine leaves (vitis vinifera cv. trebbiano) affected by the presence of grapevine fanleaf virus was studied during the summer of 2010 at three different harvest times (july 1st and 26th, and august 30th). at the first and second harvest, infected leaves showed increases in the concentration of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, the latter increasing for enhanced activity of superoxide dismutase. in contrast, at the last harvest time, increases in the asco ...201323206931
genome-wide identification of viral and host transcripts targeted by viral sirnas in vitis vinifera.in plants, rna silencing is a surveillance mechanism against invading viruses. it involves the production of virus-derived small interfering rnas (vsirnas), which guide the rna-induced silencing complex (risc) to inactivate viruses. vsirnas may also promote the silencing of host mrnas in a sequence-specific manner. in this work, vsirnas derived from two grapevine-infecting viruses (grapevine fleck virus and grapevine rupestris stem pitting-associated virus) were selected from cdna libraries of s ...201322947170
a leafhopper-transmissible dna virus with novel evolutionary lineage in the family geminiviridae implicated in grapevine redleaf disease by next-generation sequencing.a graft-transmissible disease displaying red veins, red blotches and total reddening of leaves in red-berried wine grape (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars was observed in commercial vineyards. next-generation sequencing technology was used to identify etiological agent(s) associated with this emerging disease, designated as grapevine redleaf disease (grd). high quality rna extracted from leaves of grape cultivars merlot and cabernet franc with and without grd symptoms was used to prepare cdna librar ...201323755117
complete genome sequence analysis of an american isolate of grapevine virus e.the complete genome sequence of grapevine virus e (gve) collected from a red-berried wine grape cultivar (cabernet sauvignon) in washington state was determined. the 7,568 nucleotide long genome of gve is more similar in sequence identity with a gve isolate from a wine grape cv. shiraz from south africa when compared with an isolate from "aki queen" grape from japan. like gve isolates from south africa and japan, the washington isolate encodes five open reading frames (orfs) and the overall geno ...201323296875
molecular characterization and impacts of a strain of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 causing asymptomatic infection in a wine grape cultivar.grapevine leafroll (gld) is considered as the most economically important virus disease affecting wine grapes (vitis vinifera l.) in many grapevine-growing regions. gld produces distinct symptoms in red- and white-berried cultivars. in this study, we determined the complete genome sequence of an asymptomatic strain of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 2 (glrav-2) and studied its impacts on fruit yield and berry quality attributes in an own-rooted, red-berried wine grape cultivar.201324171725
pseudococcus maritimus (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) and parthenolecanium corni (hemiptera: coccidae) are capable of transmitting grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 between vitis x labruscana and vitis vinifera.the grape mealybug, pseudococcus maritimus (ehrhorn), and european fruit lecanium scale, parthenolecanium corni (bouché), are the predominant species of coccoidea in washington state vineyards. the grape mealybug has been established as a vector of grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) between wine grape (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars, elevating its pest status. the objective of this study was to determine if glrav-3 could be transmitted between vitis x labruscana l. and v. vinifera by ...201324468559
ecology and management of grapevine leafroll disease.grapevine leafroll disease (gld) is caused by a complex of vector-borne virus species in the family closteroviridae. gld is present in all grape-growing regions of the world, primarily affecting wine grape varieties. the disease has emerged in the last two decades as one of the major factors affecting grape fruit quality, leading to research efforts aimed at reducing its economic impact. most research has focused on the pathogens themselves, such as improved detection protocols, with limited wor ...201323630520
generic and sequence-variant specific molecular assays for the detection of the highly variable grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3.grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (glrav-3) is an economically important virus, which is found in all grapevine growing regions worldwide. its accurate detection in nursery and field samples is of high importance for certification schemes and disease management programmes. to reduce false negatives that can be caused by sequence variability, a new universal primer pair was designed against a divergent sequence data set, targeting the open reading frame 4 (heat shock protein 70 homologue gene ...201323313884
the effect of vitis vinifera l. leaves extract on leishmania infantum.vitis vinifera l.is a traditional asian herb widely used for different health problems. in the present research, the ethanolic and the aqueous extracts of vitis vinifera l. leaves collected from shrub, grown in tunisia, were prepared and evaluated for the antileishmanial activity against leishmani ainfantum promastigotes. the inhibitory concentration 50 (ic50) was determined and the results showed that the etahnolic extract is more active than the aqueous one (ic50= 0.108 mg/ml). microscopic obs ...201324250641
an acyl-coa-binding protein from grape that is induced through er stress confers morphological changes and disease resistance in arabidopsis.we here report characterization of a grape (vitis vinifera) acyl-coa-binding protein (vvacbp). expression of vvacbp was detected in grape leaves exposed to tunicamycin-induced endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress as well as cold and heat shock treatments. in tendrils and peduncles, however, high-temperature treatment induced bip (luminal binding protein) expression, a marker of er stress in berry skin, but not vvacbp expression. we hypothesize that vvacbp may be sorted to the periphery of plant cel ...201323261264
[in vitro effect of ankaferd blood stopper®, a plant extract against mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates].treatment of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis infections requires combination of anti-tuberculosis drugs which have several toxic side effects. thus there is a need for safer and effective new drugs. ankaferd blood stopper® (abs), which is a mixture of plant extracts prepared from alpinia officinarum, glycyrrhiza glabra, thymus vulgaris, urtica dioica and vitis vinifera, has homeostatic and antibacterial effects. standard solutions of abs are already being used topically for post-trauma ...201323390904
the relationships between consumer liking, sensory and chemical attributes of vitis vinifera l. cv. pinotage wines elaborated with different oenococcus oeni starter cultures.malolactic fermentation (mlf) mediated by lactic acid bacteria (lab) has been shown to modulate chemical and sensory attributes of wine. this study investigated the relation between consumer liking, chemical and sensory attributes of vitis vinifera l. cv. pinotage wines that were made over two vintages by four different lactic acid oenococcus oeni starter cultures as well as a control treatment where mlf was prevented.201323427009
candida phyllophila sp. nov. and candida vitiphila sp. nov., two novel yeast species from grape phylloplane in thailand.three strains (k59(t), k60 and k70 (t)) representing two novel yeast species were isolated from the external surface of leaves of different wine grape (vitis vinifera) plants, which were collected from the kanchanaburi research station (n14°07'15.1″ e099°19'05.6″), wang dong sub-district, mueang district, kanchanaburi province, thailand, by an enrichment technique. the sequences of the d1/d2 domain of the large subunit (lsu) rrna gene of two strains (k59(t) and k60) were identical and differed f ...201323863289
candida sake cpa-1 and other biologically based products as potential control strategies to reduce sour rot of grapes.sour rot of grapes is becoming increasingly important disease in many wine-growing regions, while consistent chemical or biological control has not been reported. authors evaluated relative incidence and severity of sour rot in untreated grapevines and the effect of different biologically based treatments on sour rot at harvest. applications of candida sake cpa-1 plus fungicover® , ulocladium oudemansii and chitosan were carried out in an organic vineyard in lleida area, spain, during the 2009 a ...201323789778
interaction analysis of grapevine mikc(c)-type mads transcription factors and heterologous expression of putative véraison regulators in tomato.mikc(c)-type mads-domain transcription factors include important regulators of floral development that interact in protein complexes to control the development of floral organs, as described by the abc model. members of the sepallata (sep) and agamous (ag) mads clades include proteins involved in stamen and carpel specification and certain members of these families, such as tomato (solanum lycopersicon) slrin and sltagl1, have been shown to regulate fruit development and ripening initiation. a n ...201323787144
expression of aba synthesis and metabolism genes under different irrigation strategies and atmospheric vpds is associated with stomatal conductance in grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv cabernet sauvignon).the influence of different levels of irrigation and of variation in atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (vpd) on the synthesis, metabolism, and transport of abscisic acid (aba) and the effects on stomatal conductance were examined in field-grown cabernet sauvignon grapevines. xylem sap, leaf tissue, and root tissue were collected at regular intervals during two seasons in conjunction with measurements of leaf water potential (ψleaf) and stomatal conductance (gs). the different irrigation levels ...201323630325
relationships between harvest time and wine composition in vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon 1. grape and wine chemistry.the study aimed to quantify the effects of grape maturity on wine alcohol, phenolics, flavour compounds and polysaccharides in vitis vinifera l. cv cabernet sauvignon. grapes were harvested at juice soluble solids from 20 to 26 °brix which corresponded to a range of wine ethanol concentrations between 12% and 15.5%. grape anthocyanin and skin tannin concentration increased as ripening progressed, while seed tannin declined. in the corresponding wines, monomeric anthocyanin and wine tannin concen ...201323411300
lachancea lanzarotensis sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast isolated from grapes and wine fermentation in lanzarote, canary islands.during the characterization of the microbiota biodiversity associated with grapes and wineries in different bioclimatic conditions of the canary islands (spain), a novel yeast species was isolated from lanzarote, the driest wine-producing region of the archipelago. seven strains isolated from grapes, microvinifications and wineries are described. sequence analysis of the d1/d2 domain of the lsu rdna gene and 5.8s-its regions revealed that the isolates were phylogenetically a member of the genus ...201323125316
ogataea kanchanaburiensis sp. nov. and ogataea wangdongensis sp. nov., two novel methylotrophic yeast species from phylloplane in thailand.three strains (km03(t), km13 (t) and km15) representing two novel methylotrophic yeast species were isolated from the external surface of plant leaves, which were collected from kanchanaburi province, thailand, by three-consecutive enrichments in methanol broth. strain km03(t) was isolated from phylloplane of a mango tree (mangifera indica) and two strains, km13(t) and km15, were obtained from phylloplane of different wine grapes (vitis vinifera). the sequences of the d1/d2 region of the large s ...201323104074
analysis of hrct-derived xylem network reveals reverse flow in some vessels.long distance water and nutrient transport in plants is dependent on the proper functioning of xylem networks, a series of interconnected pipe-like cells that are vulnerable to hydraulic dysfunction as a result of drought-induced embolism and/or xylem-dwelling pathogens. here, flow in xylem vessels was modeled to determine the role of vessel connectivity by using three dimensional xylem networks derived from high resolution computed tomography (hrct) images of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. 'char ...201323743143
water deficit modulates the response of vitis vinifera to the pierce's disease pathogen xylella fastidiosa.pierce's disease, caused by the bacterium xylella fastidiosa, is one of the most devastating diseases of cultivated grape, currently restricted to the americas. to test the long-standing hypothesis that pierce's disease results from pathogen-induced drought stress, we used the affymetrix vitis genechip to compare the transcriptional response of vitis vinifera to xylella infection, water deficit, or a combination of the two stresses. the results reveal a redirection of gene transcription involvin ...201323425100
relative susceptibility of vitis vinifera cultivars to vector-borne xylella fastidiosa through time.understanding the interactions between pathogen, crop and vector are necessary for the development of disease control practices of vector-borne pathogens. for instance, resistant plant genotypes can help constrain disease symptoms due to infections and limit pathogen spread by vectors. on the other hand, genotypes susceptible to infection may increase pathogen spread owing to their greater pathogen quantity, regardless of their symptom status. in this study, we evaluated under greenhouse conditi ...201323424629
vascular occlusions in grapevines with pierce's disease make disease symptom development worse.vascular occlusions are common structural modifications made by many plant species in response to pathogen infection. however, the functional role(s) of occlusions in host plant disease resistance/susceptibility remains controversial. this study focuses on vascular occlusions that form in stem secondary xylem of grapevines (vitis vinifera) infected with pierce's disease (pd) and the impact of occlusions on the hosts' water transport and the systemic spread of the causal bacterium xylella fastidi ...201323292789
genome-wide analysis of respiratory burst oxidase homologs in grape (vitis vinifera l.).plant respiratory burst oxidase homolog (rboh) genes appear to play crucial roles in plant development, defense reactions and hormone signaling. in this study, a total of seven rboh genes from grape were identified and characterized. genomic structure and predicted protein sequence analysis indicated that the sequences of plant rboh genes are highly conserved. synteny analysis demonstrated that several vvrboh genes were found in corresponding syntenic blocks of arabidopsis, suggesting that these ...201324351809
identification of mildew resistance in wild and cultivated central asian grape germplasm.cultivated grapevines, vitis vinifera subsp. sativa, evolved from their wild relative, v. vinifera subsp. sylvestris. they were domesticated in central asia in the absence of the powdery mildew fungus, erysiphe necator, which is thought to have originated in north america. however, powdery mildew resistance has previously been discovered in two central asian cultivars and in chinese vitis species.201324093598
transcriptomic changes following the compatible interaction vitis vinifera-erysiphe necator. paving the way towards an enantioselective role in plant defence modulation.the compatible interaction between erysiphe necator and vitis vinifera induces significant alterations in the host transcriptome, affecting essentially those genes involved in signalling and secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways. the precise transcriptomic changes vary from the early events to later stages of infection. in the present work, suppressive subtraction hybridization (ssh) was used to identify several differentially expressed transcripts in symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves fro ...201323639450
an ultra-high-density, transcript-based, genetic map of lettuce.we have generated an ultra-high-density genetic map for lettuce, an economically important member of the compositae, consisting of 12,842 unigenes (13,943 markers) mapped in 3696 genetic bins distributed over nine chromosomal linkage groups. genomic dna was hybridized to a custom affymetrix oligonucleotide array containing 6.4 million features representing 35,628 unigenes of lactuca spp. segregation of single-position polymorphisms was analyzed using 213 f7:8 recombinant inbred lines that had be ...201323550116
genome wide transcriptional profile analysis of vitis amurensis and vitis vinifera in response to cold stress.grape is one of the most important fruit crops worldwide. the suitable geographical locations and productivity of grapes are largely limited by temperature. vitis amurensis is a wild grapevine species with remarkable cold-tolerance, exceeding that of vitis vinifera, the dominant cultivated species of grapevine. however, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the enhanced freezing tolerance of v. amurensis remain unknown. here we used deep sequencing data from restriction endonuclease-genera ...201323516547
stilbenoid profiles of canes from vitis and muscadinia species.we present stilbenoid profiles of canes from 16 grapevines. fifteen stilbenoids were obtained through isolation and structure identification using ms, nmr, and [α](d) or as commercial standards. an hplc-uv method for the simultaneous quantification of nine of these stilbenoids was developed and applied to canes of vitis amurensis, vitis arizonica, vitis berlandieri, vitis betulifolia, vitis cinerea, vitis × champini, vitis × doaniana, vitis labrusca, vitis candicans (syn. vitis mustangensis), vi ...201323270496
a simple hplc method for quantitation of quercetin in herbal extracts.a reversed-phase hplc method with uv detection was developed for the determination of quercetin. the method produced linear response over a wide concentration range, with an average accuracy of 95% and average intra- and interday variation of 0.75 and 0.3, respectively. the exactness of the method was proven by determining the recovery rates from 50 to 150% of standard concentration, which were found within the acceptable range of 95 to 105%. the method was used for quantitation of quercetin in ...201321391485
identification of muscadine wine sulfur volatiles: pectinase versus skin-contact maceration.muscadine grapes ( vitis rotundifolia ) are widely grown in the southern united states, as the more common vitis vinifera cannot be cultivated due to pierce's disease. there is interest to determine if certain cultivars can be used for good-quality wine production. this study compared the effect of pectolytic enzyme pretreatment with conventional skin-contact fermentation on muscadine (noble, vitis rotundifolia ) wine major volatiles, aroma active volatiles, and volatile sulfur compounds (vscs). ...201323289372
chloroplast genome diversity in portuguese grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars.grapevine chloroplast (cp) dna diversity was analysed for the first time through amplification and digestion of fragments of the large single copy (lsc) region by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism methodology and also by amplification of three microsatellite loci, previously described as polymorphic in grapevine. thirty-eight grapevine cultivars collected mainly in the north of portugal, including some neglected cultivars, four international cultivars (chasselas, ...201322918875
flavor of cold-hardy grapes: impact of berry maturity and environmental conditions.since the arrival on the market of high-quality cold-hardy grape varieties, northern winemaking has been developing tremendously in countries traditionally unsuited for grape and wine production. cold-hardy grapes are mainly interspecific hybrids of vitis vinifera with vitis labrusca and vitis riparia , making their chemical composition distinct from that of v. vinifera varieties traditionally used for winemaking and therefore limiting the use of current knowledge about v. vinifera varieties in ...201324151907
differences in evolution rates among eudicotyledon species observed by analysis of protein divergence.genome evolution rates can vary considerably among plants. in particular, a correlation has often been reported between the evolution rate and annual/perennial habit, possibly associated with differences in generation time. for example, among the rosid species whose genome is fully sequenced, vitis vinifera, a perennial species, was shown to have the genome that evolved the slowest. in order to extend knowledge of evolution rates to the asterid clade, one of the two major clades of core eudicoty ...201323596284
new insights into dietary supplements used in sport: active substances, pharmacological and side effects.as a society we are increasingly concerned about our physical appearance. for example, as much as 24% of people in developed countries admittedly exercise to improve their performance. professional sportsmen and amateurs alike are in a constant search for new means that will enable them better sport results in shorter time. among those means, a prominent place belongs to dietary supplements. however, the producers often advertise products whose use in sports is neither scientifically founded nor ...201323574283
plant food supplements with anti-inflammatory properties: a systematic review (i).plant food supplements (pfs) receive great acceptance by european consumers. however, quality and efficacy of these products remain a question of concern. the aim of this systematic review is to summarize and critically evaluate the evidence for or against the efficacy of pfs for coping inflammatory conditions by considering epidemiological and human intervention studies. the review, which consists of two parts, considers olea europea l., camellia sinensis l., vitis vinifera l., and matricaria r ...201323320910
mitochondrial genome sequence of the legume vicia faba.the number of plant mitochondrial genomes sequenced exceeds two dozen. however, for a detailed comparative study of different phylogenetic branches more plant mitochondrial genomes should be sequenced. this article presents sequencing data and comparative analysis of mitochondrial dna (mtdna) of the legume vicia faba. the size of the v. faba circular mitochondrial master chromosome of cultivar broad windsor was estimated as 588,000 bp with a genome complexity of 387,745 bp and 52 conservative mi ...201323675376
insights from the complete chloroplast genome into the evolution of sesamum indicum l.sesame (sesamum indicum l.) is one of the oldest oilseed crops. in order to investigate the evolutionary characters according to the sesame genome project, apart from sequencing its nuclear genome, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of s. indicum cv. yuzhi 11 (white seeded) using illumina and 454 sequencing. comparisons of chloroplast genomes between s. indicum and the 18 other higher plants were then analyzed. the chloroplast genome of cv. yuzhi 11 contains 153,338 bp and a total of 1 ...201324303020
a simple gc-ms method for the screening of betulinic, corosolic, maslinic, oleanolic and ursolic acid contents in commercial botanicals used as food supplement ingredients.the occurrence of triterpene pentacyclic acids in plants is extensive, but little is known about their availability in commercial extracts. a simple gc-ms method for the simultaneous determination of betulinic, corosolic, maslinic, oleanolic and ursolic acids was developed and applied to 38 different commercial plant extracts sold as ingredients for dietary supplements. a suitable protocol was set up to perform routine control of a diverse array of samples with different botanical, chemical and ...201323122121
posterior hyaloid detachment and internal limiting membrane peeling assisted by anthocyanins from acai fruit (euterpe oleracea) and 10 other natural vital dyes: experimental study in cadaveric eyes.the purpose of this study was to determine whether natural dyes facilitate posterior hyaloid detachment (posterior vitreous detachment [pvd]) and retinal internal limiting membrane (ilm) peeling in human eyes.201322990318
reproductive mode and fine-scale population genetic structure of grape phylloxera (daktulosphaira vitifoliae) in a viticultural area in california.grape phylloxera (daktulosphaira vitifoliae) is one of the world's most important viticultural pests. however, the reproductive mode, genetic structure and host adaptation of phylloxera in various viticultural environments remains unclear. we examined reproductive mode and genetic structure of phylloxera by analyzing microsatellite makers across the samples from four vineyard-sites in california.201324367928
life history and assessment of grapevine phylloxera leaf galling incidence on vitis species in uruguay.grapevine phylloxera, daktulosphaira vitifoliae (fitch) (hemiptera: phylloxeridae) is a worldwide pest of vitis species. it has forms that feed on leaves and roots. root forms predominate on vitis vinifera (l.) cultivars, while leaf forms predominate on vitis species from its native american range. recently, high densities of d. vitifoliae infestations in leaves of v. vinifera in brazil, peru, and uruguay have been reported. the aims of this study were to determine the seasonal development of gr ...201323667822
seasonal biology of ferrisia gilli (hemiptera: pseudococcidae) in california sierra foothill vineyards.the mealybug ferrisia gilli gullan is an emerging pest of wine grapes grown in california's sierra foothills. a relatively new species, it had previously been recorded as a pest of pistachio, almond, and ornamentals. it was first reported on grape in el dorado county in 2003 and has since established and spread. nondestructive monitoring of grape vine sections was conducted in untreated vineyard plots and compared with destructive sampling conducted in grower-treated plots in 2008 and 2009 to de ...201324020286
mapping genetic loci for tolerance to lime-induced iron deficiency chlorosis in grapevine rootstocks (vitis sp.).iron is essential to plants for chlorophyll formation as well as for the functioning of various iron-containing enzymes. iron deficiency chlorosis is a wide-spread disorder of plants, in particular, of those growing on calcareous soils. among the different ways to control iron deficiency problems for crops, plant material and especially rootstock breeding is a suitable and reliable method, especially for fruit trees and grapes. the aim of the experiment was to characterize the genetic basis of g ...201323139142
[study of antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from some species of georgian flora].the antioxidant activity of extracts obtained from different parts of georgian flora species hamamelis virginiana l., astragalus caucasicus pall., astragalus microcephalus willd., vitis vinifera l., rhododendron ponticum l., rhododendron ungernii trautv., ginkgo biloba l., salvia officinalis l., querqus iberica stev., maclura aurantiaca nutt., cotinus coggygria ledeb., fraxinus ornus l., urtica dioica l., rhododendron caucasicum pall., pueraria hirsuta matsum., geranium pusillum l., astragalus t ...201324099817
natural stilbenoids isolated from grapevine exhibiting inhibitory effects against hiv-1 integrase and eukaryote mos1 transposase in vitro activities.polynucleotidyl transferases are enzymes involved in several dna mobility mechanisms in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. some of them such as retroviral integrases are crucial for pathogenous processes and are therefore good candidates for therapeutic approaches. to identify new therapeutic compounds and new tools for investigating the common functional features of these proteins, we addressed the inhibition properties of natural stilbenoids deriving from resveratrol on two models: the hiv-1 integras ...201324312275
a stage-structured model of scaphoideus titanus in vineyards.we present a population model of the insect scaphoideus titanus ball, the leafhopper vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasma in vitis vinifera l. the model accounted for the stage-dependent s. titanus life cycle rates and timing, and vineyard settings such as surface area, plant density, and sampling characteristics. the model parameters were estimated against 13 independent cases of population counting in both laboratory and field conditions, and returned a correlation coefficient in the range ...201323575007
isolation and characterization of isochorismate synthase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase during salinity stress, wounding, and salicylic acid treatment in carthamus tinctorius.salicylic acid (sa) is a prominent signaling molecule during biotic and abiotic stresses in plants biosynthesized via cinnamate and isochorismate pathways. cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (c4h) and isochorismate synthase (ics) are the main enzymes in phenylpropanoid and isochorismate pathways, respectively. to investigate the actual roles of these genes in resistance mechanism to environmental stresses, here, the coding sequences of these enzymes in safflower (carthamus tinctorius), as an oilseed indust ...201324309561
grapevine rootstock effects on scion sap phenolic levels, resistance to xylella fastidiosa infection, and progression of pierce's disease.the xylem-limited bacterium xylella fastidiosa (xf) causes pierce's disease (pd), an important disease of grapevine, vitis vinifera l. grapevine rootstocks were developed to provide increased resistance to root disease, but rootstock effects on cane and vine diseases remain unclear. grapevines that consisted of cabernet sauvignon or chardonnay grafted to 13 different rootstocks were inoculated with xf and evaluated for pd severity and xf titer after 6 months. a subset of six rootstock/scion comb ...201324376452
the r2r3-myb transcription factors myb14 and myb15 regulate stilbene biosynthesis in vitis vinifera.plant stilbenes are phytoalexins that accumulate in a small number of plant species, including grapevine (vitis vinifera), in response to biotic and abiotic stresses and have been implicated in many beneficial effects on human health. in particular, resveratrol, the basic unit of all other complex stilbenes, has received widespread attention because of its cardio-protective, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant properties. although stilbene synthases (stss), the key enzymes responsible for resverat ...201324151295
abcc1, an atp binding cassette protein from grape berry, transports anthocyanidin 3-o-glucosides.accumulation of anthocyanins in the exocarp of red grapevine (vitis vinifera) cultivars is one of several events that characterize the onset of grape berry ripening (véraison). despite our thorough understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis and regulation, little is known about the molecular aspects of their transport. the participation of atp binding cassette (abc) proteins in vacuolar anthocyanin transport has long been a matter of debate. here, we present biochemical evidence that an abc prote ...201323723325
vitis vinifera canes, a new source of antifungal compounds against plasmopara viticola, erysiphe necator, and botrytis cinerea.methanolic and ethanolic crude extracts of vitis vinifera canes exhibited significant antifungal activity against the three major fungal pathogens affecting grapevines, plasmopara viticola, erysiphe necator and botrytis cinerea. the active extracts were analyzed by lc-pda-esi-ms, and selected compounds were identified. efficient targeted isolation using medium-pressure liquid chromatography afforded six pure constituents in one step. the structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by nm ...201323730921
overexpression of the grapevine pgip1 in tobacco results in compositional changes in the leaf arabinoxyloglucan network in the absence of fungal infection.constitutive expression of vitis vinifera polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein 1 (vvpgip1) has been shown to protect tobacco plants against botrytis cinerea. evidence points to additional roles for vvpgip1, beyond the classical endopolygalacturonase (epg) inhibition mechanism, in providing protection against fungal infection. gene expression and biochemical datasets previously obtained, in the absence of infection, point to the cell wall, and particularly the xyloglucan component of transgenic v ...201323506352
grapevine nac1 transcription factor as a convergent node in developmental processes, abiotic stresses, and necrotrophic/biotrophic pathogen tolerance.transcription factors of the nac family are known to be involved in various developmental processes and in response to environmental stresses. whereas nac genes have been widely studied in response to abiotic stresses, little is known about their role in response to biotic stresses, especially in crops. here, the first characterization of a vitis vinifera l. nac member, named vvnac1, and involved in organ development and defence towards pathogens is reported. expression profile analysis of vvnac ...201324043850
biodegradation of profenofos by bacillus subtilis isolated from grapevines (vitis vinifera).the biodegradation of profenofos, an organophosphorus insecticide, by four bacillus subtilis strains, namely, dr-39, cs-126, tl-171, and ts-204, isolated from grapevines or grape rhizosphere was studied in liquid culture, on grape berries, and in vineyard soil. each of the four b. subtilis strains enhanced the degradation of profenofos in all three matrices. degradation rate constants were best obtained by first + first-order kinetics module. in nutrient broth spiked with 5 μg/ml profenofos, ino ...201323806113
antimicrobial activity and composition profile of grape (vitis vinifera) pomace extracts obtained by supercritical fluids.the possibility of increasing the aggregated value of the huge amount of residues generated by wineries around the world foment studies using the grape pomace - the residue from the wine production, composed by seed, skin and stems - to obtain functional ingredients. nowadays, consumers in general prefer natural and safe products mainly for food and cosmetic fields, where the supercritical fluid extraction is of great importance due to the purity of the extracts provided. therefore, the objectiv ...201323036924
de novo transcriptome characterization of vitis vinifera cv. corvina unveils varietal diversity.plants such as grapevine (vitis spp.) display significant inter-cultivar genetic and phenotypic variation. the genetic components underlying phenotypic diversity in grapevine must be understood in order to disentangle genetic and environmental factors.201323331995
induction of stilbene phytoalexins in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and transgenic stilbene synthase-apple plants (malus domestica) by a culture filtrate of aureobasidium pullulans.products containing the epiphytic yeast aureobasidium pullulans are commercially available and applied by fruit growers to prevent several fungal and bacterial diseases of fruit trees. the proposed beneficial mechanisms relate to limitations of space and nutrients for the pathogens in presence of the rapidly proliferating yeast cells. these explanations ignore the potential of yeasts to elicit the plant's defense. our experiments aim at clarifying if an autoclaved and centrifuged suspension of a ...201323578977
subcellular localization and functional analyses of a pr10 protein gene from vitis pseudoreticulata in response to plasmopara viticola infection.downy mildew, caused by the oomycete plasmopara viticola, is a serious fungal disease in the cultivated european grapevines (vitis vinifera l.). the class 10 of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes in grapevine leaves was reported to be accumulated at mrna level in response to p. viticola infection. to elucidate the functional roles of pr10 genes during plant-pathogen interactions, a pr10 gene from a fungal-resistant accession of chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata (designated vppr10.2) was isolated ...201322327469
increase of fumonisin b2 and ochratoxin a production by black aspergillus species and oxidative stress in grape berries damaged by powdery mildew.powdery mildew (pm), caused by the fungus erysiphe necator, is one of the most widespread fungal disease of grape and may cause extensive openings on the berry surface during the infection. we evaluated the effect of damage caused by pm in grape berries on the growth of and mycotoxin production by aspergillus and on the oxidative stress in infected berries. berries of vitis vinifera l. cv. negroamaro with sound skin (ss) and those naturally infected by pm were surface sterilized and inoculated w ...201324290677
a randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mas063d (atopiclair) in the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis.mas063d (atopiclair is a hydrolipidic cream that has been developed for the management of atopic dermatitis (ad). the putative active ingredients of mas063d are hyaluronic acid, telmesteine, vitis vinifera, glycyrrhetinic acid. a five-week study in 30 adult patients with mild to moderate ad showed that mas063d offered significant benefits over a vehicle-only control. mas063d improved the total body area affected (17.2% --> 13.2%, p < 0.001), itch score (2.7 --> 1.3 on a 10-point scale, p = 0.001 ...201315701590
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