| five omic technologies are concordant in differentiating the biochemical characteristics of the berries of five grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) cultivars. | grape cultivars and wines are distinguishable by their color, flavor and aroma profiles. omic analyses (transcripts, proteins and metabolites) are powerful tools for assessing biochemical differences in biological systems. | 2015 | 26573226 |
| [effects of drip irrigation methods on the regulation between root and crown function of 'cabernet sauvignon' seedlings]. | the objective of this experiment was to study the effects of three irrigation methods, i.e., subsurface drip irrigation with a tank system (sdi) , plastic film mulched-drip irrigation (mdi), and conventional drip irrigation (di) on the regulation between root and crown function of vitis vinifera 'cabernet sauvignon' seedlings. the results showed that both the sdi and mdi systems promoted the growth of the grape seedlings compared with di, with the sdi system promoting the root growth, and mdi sy ... | 2015 | 26571649 |
| effect of drying methods on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of brazilian winemaking byproducts and their stability over storage. | this work aimed to study the antioxidant capacity by different methods, the total content of polyphenols and the stability over time of dried byproducts from brazilian hybrids and vitis vinifera varieties. oven-dried at 50 °c and spray-dried samples were monitored for 90 days of storage. under testing conditions, brs violeta grapes showed the greatest stability and initial high levels of total phenolics and anthocyanins remained almost unchanged until the end of storage period. the same behavior ... | 2015 | 26560711 |
| the effects of cold stress on the phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) leaves. | according to some estimates, a 70% increase in crop yield could be achieved if the environmental conditions were close to the optimum ones for a given plant, which is why the identification and control of adverse environmental effects is a top priority in many countries worldwide. this paper contains a discussion of the changes in selected elements of the secondary metabolism in the leaves of two grapevine varieties (vitis vinifera l.) with a different degree of tolerance to cold stress during p ... | 2015 | 26555272 |
| association analysis of grapevine bunch traits using a comprehensive approach. | a set of snp markers associated to bunch compactness and related traits were identified in grapevine. | 2016 | 26536891 |
| enhanced extracellular production of trans-resveratrol in vitis vinifera suspension cultured cells by using cyclodextrins and coronatine. | in the present work the effect of cyclodextrin and coronatine on both trans-resveratrol production and the expression of stilbene biosynthetic genes in vitis vinifera l. cv monastrell suspension cultured cells were evaluated. the results showed the maximum level of trans-resveratrol produced by cells and secreted to the culture medium with 50 mm cyclodextrins and 1 μm coronatine. since the levels of trans-resveratrol produced in the combined treatment were higher than the sum of the individual t ... | 2015 | 26529079 |
| assessment of tomato and wine processing solid wastes as soil amendments for biosolarization. | pomaces from tomato paste and wine production are the most abundant fruit processing residues in california. these residues were examined as soil amendments for solarization to promote conditions conducive to soil disinfestation (biosolarization). simulated biosolarization studies were performed in both aerobic and anaerobic soil environments and soil temperature elevation, ph, and evolution of co2, h2 and ch4 gases were measured as metrics of soil microbial activity. tomato pomace amendment ind ... | 2016 | 26525530 |
| in vivo assay to monitor flavonoid uptake across plant cell membranes. | flavonoids represent one of the most important molecules of plant secondary metabolism, playing many different biochemical and physiological roles. although their essential role in plant life and human health has been elucidated by many studies, their subcellular transport and accumulation in plant tissues remains unclear. this is due to the absence of a convenient and simple method to monitor their transport. in the present work, we suggest an assay able to follow in vivo transport of quercetin ... | 2015 | 26504740 |
| subfunctionalization of cation/proton antiporter 1 genes in grapevine in response to salt stress in different organs. | cation/proton antiporter 1 (cpa1) proteins function as regulators of monovalent ions, ph homeostasis, and other developmental processes in plants. better understanding of the expression and regulation of cpa1 in plant responses to salinity would help the development of scientific practices in crops worldwide. in this report, we characterized all seven cpa1 family genes in grapevine (vitis vinifera) in response to short-term osmotic and nacl stresses. we found that two of the seven genes have sub ... | 2015 | 26504576 |
| polymorphisms and minihaplotypes in the vvnac26 gene associate with berry size variation in grapevine. | domestication and selection of vitis vinifera l. for table and wine grapes has led to a large level of berry size diversity in current grapevine cultivars. identifying the genetic basis for this natural variation is paramount both for breeding programs and for elucidating which genes contributed to crop evolution during domestication and selection processes. the gene vvnac26, which encodes a nac domain-containing transcription factor, has been related to the early development of grapevine flower ... | 2015 | 26499326 |
| effect of three training systems on grapes in a wet region of china: yield, incidence of disease and anthocyanin compositions of vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon. | grapevine training systems determine the suitability for grape varieties in a specific growing region. we evaluated the influence of three training systems, single guyot (sg), spur-pruned vertical shoot-positioned (vsp), and four-arm kniffin (4ak), on the performance of grapes and vines of vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons in a wet region of central china. 4ak was the most productive system in comparison to sg and vsp. sg and vsp had lower disease infe ... | 2015 | 26492226 |
| enhanced dissipation of triazole and multiclass pesticide residues on grapes after foliar application of grapevine-associated bacillus species. | disease management in vineyards with fungicides sometimes results in undesirable residue accumulations in grapes at harvest. bioaugmentation of the grape fructosphere can be a useful approach for enhancing the degradation rate and reducing the residues to safe levels. this paper reports the in vitro and in vivo biodegradation of three triazole fungicides commonly used in indian vineyards, by bacillus strains, namely, dr-39, cs-126, tl-171, and ts-204, which were earlier found to enhance the diss ... | 2015 | 26492206 |
| genetic analysis of east asian grape cultivars suggests hybridization with wild vitis. | koshu is a grape cultivar native to japan and is one of the country's most important cultivars for wine making. koshu and other oriental grape cultivars are widely believed to belong to the european domesticated grape species vitis vinifera. to verify the domesticated origin of koshu and four other cultivars widely grown in china and japan, we genotyped 48 ancestry informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) and estimated wild and domesticated ancestry proportions. our principal component ... | 2015 | 26488600 |
| metabolic and physiological responses of shiraz and cabernet sauvignon (vitis vinifera l.) to near optimal temperatures of 25 and 35 °c. | shiraz and cabernet sauvignon (cs) grapevines were grown at near optimal temperatures (25 or 35 °c). gas exchange, fluorescence, metabolic profiling and correlation based network analysis were used to characterize leaf physiology. when grown at 25 °c, the growth rate and photosynthesis of both cultivars were similar. at 35 °c shiraz showed increased respiration, non-photochemical quenching and reductions of photosynthesis and growth. in contrast, cs maintained relatively stable photosynthetic ac ... | 2015 | 26473851 |
| identification of vitis vinifera l. grape berry skin color mutants and polyphenolic profile. | a germplasm set of twenty-five grapevine accessions, forming eleven groups of possible berry skin color mutants, were genotyped with twelve microsatellite loci, being eleven of them identified as true color mutants. the polyphenolic profiling of the confirmed mutant cultivars revealed a total of twenty-four polyphenols, comprising non-colored compounds (phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols, flavonols and a stilbene) and anthocyanins. results showed differences in the contribution of malvidin-3-o-glucosi ... | 2016 | 26471534 |
| drosophila suzukii (diptera: drosophilidae) and its potential impact to wine grapes during harvest in two cool climate wine grape production regions. | drosophila suzukii (matsumura) is a global pest attacking various berry crops. d. suzukii lays eggs in damaged and in intact wine grape berries of the most soft-skinned varieties. here, we describe the relative host utilization of different wine grape cultivars grown in northern italy and oregon. assessments of host berry utilization were performed in both field and laboratory settings. results were correlated to physiological changes occurring during grape berry development starting at véraison ... | 2015 | 26470240 |
| a fundamental step in ipm on grapevine: evaluating the side effects of pesticides on predatory mites. | knowledge on side effects of pesticides on non-target beneficial arthropods is a key point in integrated pest management (ipm). here we present the results of four experiments conducted in vineyards where the effects of chlorpyrifos, thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, flufenoxuron, and tebufenozide were evaluated on the generalist predatory mites typhlodromus pyri scheuten and amblyseius andersoni (chant), key biocontrol agents of herbivorous mites on grapevines. results show that indoxacarb and tebufeno ... | 2015 | 26466903 |
| evaluation of a brushing machine for estimating density of spider mites on grape leaves. | direct visual inspection and enumeration for estimating field population density of economically important arthropods, such as spider mites, provide more information than alternative methods, such as binomial sampling, but is laborious and time consuming. a brushing machine can reduce sampling time and perhaps improve accuracy. although brushing technology has been investigated and recommended as a useful tool for researchers and integrated pest management practitioners, little work to demonstra ... | 2015 | 26459377 |
| occurrence and infection of cladosporium, fusarium, epicoccum and aureobasidium in withered rotten grapes during post-harvest dehydration. | fungi like cladosporium, fusarium, epicoccum and aureobasidium can occur on withered grapes causing spoilage of passito wine. there is little or no information on the pathogenic role of these fungi. this study describes the isolation, incidence and identification of several isolates from different withered rotten grapes. representative isolates grouped in several phenotypes were identified by phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer, actin or elongation factor gene sequences. isolate ... | 2015 | 26459338 |
| developmental, transcriptome, and genetic alterations associated with parthenocarpy in the grapevine seedless somatic variant corinto bianco. | seedlessness is a relevant trait in grapevine cultivars intended for fresh consumption or raisin production. previous dna marker analysis indicated that corinto bianco (cb) is a parthenocarpic somatic variant of the seeded cultivar pedro ximenes (px). this study compared both variant lines to determine the basis of this parthenocarpic phenotype. at maturity, cb seedless berries were 6-fold smaller than px berries. the macrogametophyte was absent from cb ovules, and cb was also pollen sterile. oc ... | 2016 | 26454283 |
| testing of a simplified led based vis/nir system for rapid ripeness evaluation of white grape (vitis vinifera l.) for franciacorta wine. | the aim of this work was to test a simplified optical prototype for a rapid estimation of the ripening parameters of white grape for franciacorta wine directly in field. spectral acquisition based on reflectance at four wavelengths (630, 690, 750 and 850 nm) was proposed. the integration of a simple processing algorithm in the microcontroller software would allow to visualize real time values of spectral reflectance. non-destructive analyses were carried out on 95 grape bunches for a total of 47 ... | 2015 | 26452865 |
| polyphenolic contents and antioxidant activities of underutilized grape (vitis vinifera l.) pomace extracts. | grape pomace is an abundant source of underutilized winery by-products. polyphenols were extracted from grape pomace using cellulase and gluco-amylase enzymes. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) and folin-ciocalteu's assays were used to measure antioxidant activity and total polyphenolic contents. both cellulase, and gluco-amylase digested grape pomace showed efficient radical scavenging activity. in addition, the total polyphenolic contents of cellulase digested grape pomace showed lower conc ... | 2015 | 26451359 |
| relationship between endodormancy, flowering locus t and cell cycle genes in vitis vinifera. | in grapevines, the increased expression of vvft , genes involved in the photoperiodic control of seasonal growth ( vvap1, vvail2 ) and cell cycle genes ( vvcdka, vvcdkb2, vvcyca1, vvcycb, vvcycd3.2 ) in the shoot apex relative to the latent bud, suggests a high mitotic activity of the apex which could prevent them to enter into endodormancy. additionally, the up-regulation of these genes by the dormancy-breaking compound hydrogen cyanamide (h 2 cn 2 ) strongly suggests that vvft plays a key role ... | 2016 | 26438218 |
| comparison of nano and conventional liquid chromatographic methods for the separation of (+)-catechin-ethyl-malvidin-3-glucoside diastereoisomers. | nano-liquid chromatography and conventional hplc were used for the separation of diastereomers of (+)-catechin-ethyl-malvidin-3-glucoside. those bridged anthocyanin dyes were obtained by reaction of (+)-catechin with malvidin-3-glucoside in the presence of acetaldehyde. both diastereomers were isolated with semipreparative chromatography and their structures were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. in-laboratory prepared capillary columns packed with fully porous parti ... | 2016 | 26433264 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and gluconeogenesis in grape pericarp. | glycolysis from sugars is necessary at all stages of development of grape pericarp, and this raises the question as to why gluconeogenesis from malate occurs. phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) is required for gluconeogenesis in grape pericarp. in this study we determined the abundance of pepck protein and activity in different parts of grape pericarp during its development. both pepck protein and activity were present throughout development, however, in both the skin and the flesh their ... | 2015 | 26432988 |
| vitis vinifera l. single-nucleotide polymorphism detection with high-resolution melting analysis based on the udp-glucose:flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase gene. | vitis vinifera l. is a species with a large number of varieties, which differ in terms of anthocyanin content. the genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway have a direct effect in the anthocyanin profile of each variety, being potentially interesting for varietal identification. the current study aimed at the design of an assay suitable for the discrimination of the largest number of grapevine varieties. two genes of the anthocyanin pathway, chalcone isomerase (chi) and udp-glucose ... | 2015 | 26422991 |
| antioxidant and anti hyperglycemic role of wine grape powder in rats fed with a high fructose diet. | metabolic syndrome is a growing worldwide health problem. we evaluated the effects of wine grape powder (wgp), rich in antioxidants and fiber, in a rat model of metabolic syndrome induced by a high fructose diet. we tested whether wgp supplementation may prevent glucose intolerance and decrease oxidative stress in rats fed with a high fructose diet. | 2015 | 26420015 |
| aba and ga3 increase carbon allocation in different organs of grapevine plants by inducing accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates in leaves, enhancement of phloem area and expression of sugar transporters. | grape quality for winemaking depends on sugar accumulation and metabolism in berries. abscisic acid (aba) and gibberellins (gas) have been reported to control sugar allocation in economically important crops, although the mechanisms involved are still unknown. the present study tested if aba and gibberellin a3 (ga3) enhance carbon allocation in fruits of grapevines by modifying phloem loading, phloem area and expression of sugar transporters in leaves and berries. pot-grown vitis vinifera cv. ma ... | 2016 | 26411544 |
| a grapevine anthocyanin acyltransferase, transcriptionally regulated by vvmyba, can produce most acylated anthocyanins present in grape skins. | anthocyanins are flavonoid compounds responsible for red/purple colors in the leaves, fruit, and flowers of many plant species. they are produced through a multistep pathway that is controlled by myb transcription factors. vvmyba1 and vvmyba2 activate anthocyanin biosynthesis in grapevine (vitis vinifera) and are nonfunctional in white grapevine cultivars. in this study, transgenic grapevines with altered vvmyba gene expression were developed, and transcript analysis was carried out on berries u ... | 2015 | 26395841 |
| complete mitochondrial genome of the european grapevine moth (egvm) lobesia botrana (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | the lobesia botrana larvae feed on grapevine (vitis vinifera l.), thereby reducing crop yield and increasing crop susceptibility to fungal and bacterial attacks. we determined the circular mitochondrial genome of l. botrana as 15 229 bp (genbank kp677508) and contained 13 protein coding genes (pcg's), 22 transfer rnas (trna), and two ribosomal rnas. all trnas have the "clover-shaped" 2-d structures, while the trna-ile which has the tψc-stem but lacked the tψc-loop. knowledge of l. botrana mitoch ... | 2016 | 26394129 |
| attenuated uv radiation alters volatile profile in cabernet sauvignon grapes under field conditions. | this study aimed to explore the effect of attenuated uv radiation around grape clusters on the volatile profile of cabernet sauvignon grapes (vitis vinifera l. cv.) under field conditions. grape bunches were wrapped with two types of polyester films that cut off 89% (film a) and 99% (film b) invisible sunlight of less than 380 nm wavelength, respectively. solar uv radiation reaching the grape berry surface was largely attenuated, and an increase in the concentrations of amino acid-derived benzen ... | 2015 | 26393544 |
| residue evaluation of imidacloprid, spirotetramat, and spirotetramat-enol in/on grapes (vitis vinifera l.) and soil. | a combination of imidacloprid and spirotetramat effectively controls sucking pests on grapevines. residues of these insecticides on grapes were evaluated after treatment with spirotetramat 12% + imidacloprid 12% (240 sc) three times at 90 and 180 g a.i. ha(-1). the samples were extracted and purified by quechers method and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (imidacloprid) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (spirotetramat and its metabolite s ... | 2015 | 26383737 |
| vitisflower®: development and testing of a novel android-smartphone application for assessing the number of grapevine flowers per inflorescence using artificial vision techniques. | grapevine flowering and fruit set greatly determine crop yield. this paper presents a new smartphone application for automatically counting, non-invasively and directly in the vineyard, the flower number in grapevine inflorescence photos by implementing artificial vision techniques. the application, called vitisflower(®), firstly guides the user to appropriately take an inflorescence photo using the smartphone's camera. then, by means of image analysis, the flowers in the image are detected and ... | 2015 | 26343664 |
| spatio-temporal relief from hypoxia and production of reactive oxygen species during bud burst in grapevine (vitis vinifera). | plants regulate cellular oxygen partial pressures (po2), together with reduction/oxidation (redox) state in order to manage rapid developmental transitions such as bud burst after a period of quiescence. however, our understanding of po2 regulation in complex meristematic organs such as buds is incomplete and, in particular, lacks spatial resolution. | 2015 | 26337519 |
| wine grape pomace flour improves blood pressure, fasting glucose and protein damage in humans: a randomized controlled trial. | the mediterranean diet is a healthy diet with positive scientific evidence of preventing chronic diseases. bioactive components support the healthy properties of the mediterranean diet. antioxidants and fiber, two components of the mediterranean diet, are key functional nutrients for healthy eating and nutrition. wine grape pomace is a rich source of these dietary constituents and may be beneficial for human health. our hypothesis was that the intake of red wine grape pomace flour (wgpf) prepare ... | 2015 | 26337448 |
| the effect of vitis vinifera l. juice on serum levels of inhibin b, sperm count in adult male rats. | vitis vinifera is a species of vitis that is native to the mediterranean region, central europe, and southwestern asia, and has been used as a drug in traditional medicine. traditional medicinal plants have been used for medical purposes with increasing effectiveness. it is important to identify drugs that inhibit spermatogenesis. therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of grape juice (gj) on serum levels of inhibin b and sperm count in normal male rats. | 2015 | 26331128 |
| profiling monoterpenol glycoconjugation in vitis vinifera l. cv. muscat of alexandria using a novel putative compound database approach, high resolution mass spectrometry and collision induced dissociation fragmentation analysis. | in this work we present a novel approach for the identification of plant metabolites using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to accurate mass time-of-flight mass spectrometry. the workflow involves developing an in-house compound database consisting of exact masses of previously identified as well as putative compounds. the database is used to screen accurate mass spectrometry (ms) data to identify possible compound matches. subsequent tandem ms data is acquired for possible ma ... | 2015 | 26320795 |
| effects of defoliation on quality attributes of nero di troia (vitis vinifera l.) grape and wine. | field studies were conducted in puglia (italy) to evaluate the influence of defoliation around cluster zones on grape and wine quality. nero di troia grapes were subjected to four different treatments: n: no leaf removal; e: leaf removal in the area of the clusters along the east side (at complete veraison); e/w: leaf removal in the area of the clusters along the east and west side (at complete veraison); and f: almost complete leaf removal along the west side (at complete veraison) and at pre-h ... | 2015 | 28454955 |
| physiological parameters and protective energy dissipation mechanisms expressed in the leaves of two vitis vinifera l. genotypes under multiple summer stresses. | photosynthetic performances and energy dissipation mechanisms were evaluated on the anisohydric cv. sangiovese and on the isohydric cv. montepulciano (vitis vinifera l.) under conditions of multiple summer stresses. potted vines of both cultivars were maintained at 90% and 40% of maximum water availability from fruit-set to veraison. one week before veraison, at predawn and midday, main gas-exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chlorophyll content, xanthophyll pool and cycle and cata ... | 2015 | 26310367 |
| development of c13-norisoprenoids, carotenoids and other volatile compounds in vitis vinifera l. cv. pinot noir grapes. | developmental changes in the carotenoids and volatile compounds of pinot noir grape berries were investigated in this study from pea size to harvest during 2012. hplc analysis showed continued decrease of lutein, β-carotene, neochrome a and neoxanthin continued to decrease during berry development, with rapid decrease of lutein and (9'z)-neoxanthin occurred two weeks before véraison. neochrome b and violaxanthin accumulated at early development and started to decrease two weeks before véraison. ... | 2016 | 26304393 |
| proteomic and metabolic traits of grape exocarp to explain different anthocyanin concentrations of the cultivars. | the role of grape berry skin as a protective barrier against damage by physical injuries and pathogen attacks requires a metabolism able to sustain biosynthetic activities such as those relating to secondary compounds (i.e., flavonoids). in order to draw the attention on these biochemical processes, a proteomic and metabolomic comparative analysis was performed among riesling italico, pinot gris, pinot noir, and croatina cultivars, which are known to accumulate anthocyanins to a different extent ... | 2015 | 26300900 |
| identification of cold-inducible micrornas in grapevine. | low temperature is one of the most important environmental factors that limits the geographical distribution and productivity of grapevine. however, the molecular mechanisms on how grapevine responds to cold stress remains to be elucidated. micrornas (mirnas) are a class of endogenous small non-coding rnas that play an essential role during plant development and stress responses. although mirnas and their targets have been identified in several vitis species, their participation during cold accu ... | 2015 | 26300896 |
| identification of stable qtls for vegetative and reproductive traits in the microvine (vitis vinifera l.) using the 18 k infinium chip. | the increasing temperature associated with climate change impacts grapevine phenology and development with critical effects on grape yield and composition. plant breeding has the potential to deliver new cultivars with stable yield and quality under warmer climate conditions, but this requires the identification of stable genetic determinants. this study tested the potentialities of the microvine to boost genetics in grapevine. a mapping population of 129 microvines derived from picovine x ugni ... | 2015 | 26283631 |
| identification of the female-produced sex pheromone of the leafminer holocacista capensis infesting grapevine in south africa. | we report the first identification of a sex pheromone in a heliozelid moth, holocacista capensis van nieukerken & geertsema. this leafminer recently infested grapevine in south africa. compared to solvent extraction of pheromone glands, solid phase microextraction (spme) proved to be highly effective for collection of the pheromone from calling females. the volatiles collected by spme were analyzed by gas chromatography with electroantennographic detection (gc/ead). three compounds eliciting ele ... | 2015 | 26271672 |
| functional leaf traits and diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic parameters predict the behavior of grapevine varieties towards ozone. | a comparative study on functional leaf treats and the diurnal dynamics of photosynthetic processes was conducted on 2-year-old potted plants of two grape (vitis vinifera l.) varieties (aleatico, ale, and trebbiano giallo, tre), exposed under controlled conditions to realistic concentrations of the pollutant gas ozone (80 ppb for 5 h day(-1), 8:00-13:00 h, + 40 ppb for 5 h day(-1), 13:00-18:00 h). at constitutive levels, the morphological functional traits of tre improved leaf resistance to gas e ... | 2015 | 26270333 |
| functional conservation analysis and expression modes of grape anthocyanin synthesis genes responsive to low temperature stress. | in grape cultivation, low temperature generally increases the expression of genes involved in synthesis of anthocyanin. in this study, multi-type structural analysis of the proteins encoded by five anthocyanin biosynthesis genes vvf3h, vvpal, vvchs3, vvchs2 and vvldox, in addition to nine of their homologous genes revealed that proteins in grapevine shared a high similarity with that in kiwi, red orange and some other species in which the biosynthesis of anthocyanin significantly influenced by l ... | 2015 | 26253159 |
| diversity of diaporthe species associated with wood cankers of fruit and nut crops in northern california. | diaporthe ampelina, causal agent of phomopsis cane and leaf spot of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is isolated frequently from grapevine wood cankers, causing phomopsis dieback. the latter disease is associated with four other diaporthe species, three of which also are reported from hosts other than grape. to better understand the role of this diaporthe community in phomopsis dieback of grapevine and the potential for infection routes among alternate hosts, 76 diaporthe isolates were recovered fr ... | 2015 | 26240309 |
| phenylalanine and tyrosine levels are rate-limiting factors in production of health promoting metabolites in vitis vinifera cv. gamay red cell suspension. | environmental stresses such as high light intensity and temperature cause induction of the shikimate pathway, aromatic amino acids (aaa) pathways, and of pathways downstream from aaas. the induction leads to production of specialized metabolites that protect the cells from oxidative damage. the regulation of the diverse aaa derived pathways is still not well understood. to gain insight on that regulation, we increased aaa production in red grape vitis vinifera cv. gamay red cell suspension, with ... | 2015 | 26236327 |
| analyzing the expression profile of areb/abf and dreb/cbf genes under drought and salinity stresses in grape (vitis vinifera l.). | expression patterns of four candidate areb/abf genes and four dreb/cbf genes were evaluated in leaf and root tissues of five grape varieties ('qalati', 'kaj angoor', 'sabz angoor', 'siahe zarghan', 'bidane safid') with differential response to drought stress. among the areb/abf genes, areb1 and abf2 showed up-regulation in response to drought stress in leaf and root tissues of all varieties while areb2 and abf1 showed down-regulation in both leaf and root tissues of the sensitive variety 'bidane ... | 2015 | 26230273 |
| accumulation of flavanols and expression of leucoanthocyanidin reductase induced by postharvest uv-c irradiation in grape berry. | to examine the effect of postharvest ultraviolet c (uv-c) irradiation on flavanol polyphenol accumulation in the grape berry, we investigated total flavanol polyphenol content, the enzyme activity of leucoanthocyanidin reductase (lar), and transcription of vv lar1 and vv lar2 using spectrophotometry, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blot analysis in 5-year-old vitis vinifera l. cv. cabernet sauvignon plants. our results indicated that the accumulation of flavanol polyphenol reach ... | 2015 | 26214449 |
| microencapsulation and storage stability of polyphenols from vitis vinifera grape wastes. | wine production wastes are an interesting source of natural polyphenols. in this work, wine wastes extracts were encapsulated through vibration nozzle microencapsulation using sodium alginate as polymer and calcium chloride as hardening reagent. an experimental design approach was used to obtain calcium-alginate microbeads with high polyphenol content and good morphological features. in this way, the effect of pressure, frequency, voltage and the distance to the gelling bath were optimized for t ... | 2016 | 26213018 |
| a rapid qualitative and quantitative evaluation of grape berries at various stages of development using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis. | fourier transform (ft) near-infrared (nir) and attenuated total reflection (atr) ft mid-infrared (mir) spectroscopy were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyse vitis vinifera l. cv sauvignon blanc grape berries. ft-nir and atr ft-mir spectroscopy, coupled with spectral preprocessing and multivariate data analysis (mvda), provided reliable methods to qualitatively assess berry samples at five distinct developmental stages: green, pre-véraison, véraison, post-véraison and ripe (harvest), ... | 2016 | 26212968 |
| the grapevine vvpmei1 gene encodes a novel functional pectin methylesterase inhibitor associated to grape berry development. | pectin is secreted in a highly methylesterified form and partially de-methylesterified in the cell wall by pectin methylesterases (pmes). pme activity is expressed during plant growth, development and stress responses. pme activity is controlled at the post-transcriptional level by proteins named pme inhibitors (pmeis). we have identified, expressed and characterized vvpmei1, a functional pme inhibitor of vitis vinifera. vvpmei1 typically affects the activity of plant pmes and is inactive agains ... | 2015 | 26204516 |
| activity of vitis vinifera tendrils extract against phytopathogenic fungi. | the in vitro antifungal activity was determined of an ethanolic extract of vitis vinifera l. tendrils (tvv) against ten plant pathogenic fungi, using the agar dilution method; activity was shown against all tested fungi. fusarium species were the most sensitive with mic values ranging from 250 to 300 ppm, while the basidiomycete fungus rhizoctonia solani was the most resistant, with a mic value of 500 ppm. electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (esi-ms(n)) was used to obtain qualitativ ... | 2015 | 26197546 |
| profiling of primary metabolites and flavonols in leaves of two table grape varieties collected from semiarid and temperate regions. | cultivation of grapes in west bank - palestine is very old and a large number of grape varieties exist as a result of continuous domestication over thousands of years. this rich biodiversity has highly influenced the consumer behavior of local people, who consume both grape berries and leaves. however, studies that address the contents of health-promoting metabolites in leaves are scarce. accordingly the aim of this study is to assess metabolite levels in leaves of two grape varieties that were ... | 2015 | 26196939 |
| environmental factors and seasonality affect the concentration of rotundone in vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz wine. | rotundone is a sesquiterpene that gives grapes and wine a desirable 'peppery' aroma. previous research has reported that growing grapevines in a cool climate is an important factor that drives rotundone accumulation in grape berries and wine. this study used historical data sets to investigate which weather parameters are mostly influencing rotundone concentration in grape berries and wine. for this purpose, wines produced from 15 vintages from the same shiraz vineyard (the old block, mount lang ... | 2015 | 26176692 |
| flower abscission in vitis vinifera l. triggered by gibberellic acid and shade discloses differences in the underlying metabolic pathways. | understanding abscission is both a biological and an agronomic challenge. flower abscission induced independently by shade and gibberellic acid (gac) sprays was monitored in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) growing under a soilless greenhouse system during two seasonal growing conditions, in an early and late production cycle. physiological and metabolic changes triggered by each of the two distinct stimuli were determined. environmental conditions exerted a significant effect on fruit set as showe ... | 2015 | 26157448 |
| a comprehensive survey of the grapevine vq gene family and its transcriptional correlation with wrky proteins. | wrky proteins are a class of transcription factors (tfs) involved in the regulation of various physiological processes, including the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. recent studies in arabidopsis have revealed that some wrky tfs interact with a class of proteins designed as vq proteins because of their typical conserved motif (fxxxvqxltg). so far, no information is available about the genomic organization and the function of vq motif-containing protein in grapevine (vitis vinifera ... | 2015 | 26124765 |
| brassinosteroids are involved in controlling sugar unloading in vitis vinifera 'cabernet sauvignon' berries during véraison. | sugar unloading in grape berries is a crucial step in the long-distance transport of carbohydrates from grapevine leaves to berries. brassinosteroids (brs) mediate many physiological processes in plants including carbohydrate metabolism. here, 'cabernet sauvignon' (vitis vinifera l.) grape berries cultivated in clay loam fields were treated with an exogenous br (24-epibrassinolide; ebr), a br synthesis inhibitor (brassinazole; brz), brz + ebr (sprayed with ebr 24 h after a brz treatment), and de ... | 2015 | 26113159 |
| upregulation of death receptor 5 and production of reactive oxygen species mediate sensitization of pc-3 prostate cancer cells to trail induced apoptosis by vitisin a. | although vitisin a, derived from wine grapes, is known to have cytotoxic, anti-adipogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, the underlying antitumor mechanism has not been investigated in prostate cancer cells to date. in the present study, the apoptotic mechanism of vitisin a plus tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (trail) in prostate cancer cells was elucidated. | 2015 | 26111475 |
| carbocations and the complex flavor and bouquet of wine: mechanistic aspects of terpene biosynthesis in wine grapes. | computational chemistry approaches for studying the formation of terpenes/terpenoids in wines are presented, using five particular terpenes/terpenoids (1,8-cineole, α-ylangene, botrydial, rotundone, and the wine lactone), volatile compounds (or their precursors) found in wine and/or wine grapes, as representative examples. through these examples, we show how modern computational quantum chemistry can be employed as an effective tool for assessing the validity of proposed mechanisms for terpene/t ... | 2015 | 26111168 |
| rapidly differentiating grape seeds from different sources based on characteristic fingerprints using direct analysis in real time coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. | the seeds of grapevine (vitis vinifera) are a byproduct of wine production. to examine the potential value of grape seeds, grape seeds from seven sources were subjected to fingerprinting using direct analysis in real time coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics. firstly, we listed all reported components (56 components) from grape seeds and calculated the precise m/z values of the deprotonated ions [m-h](-) . secondly, the experimental conditions were systematica ... | 2015 | 26110396 |
| hepatorenal protective effect of antistax(®) against chemically-induced toxicity. | antioxidant natural products and chemoprevention are considered nowadays as an effective approach against health various disorders and diseases induced by oxidative stress or free radicals. | 2015 | 26109764 |
| the effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the anti-inflammatory activity of vitis vinifera l. leaves. | botanicals are widely consumed all over the world for health purposes, with increased usage in the general population, in many different types of products, including foods and plant food supplements. several reports support for the beneficial effects of botanicals against gastrointestinal inflammation. however, no studies regarding the anti-inflammatory activity in the gastrointestinal tract of red vine leaves have been reported so far. the present work investigates the biological activity of vi ... | 2015 | 26102216 |
| study of genetic variability in vitis vinifera l. germplasm by high-throughput vitis18ksnp array: the case of georgian genetic resources. | georgia, in the caucasian region, is considered the first domestication centre of grapevine. this country is characterized by high morphological variability of cultivated (vitis vinifera l. subsp. sativa (dc.) hegi) and wild (vitis vinifera l. subsp. sylvestris (gmel.) hegi) compartments. the main objective of this study was to investigate the level of genetic diversity obtained by the novel custom vitis18ksnp array, in order to analyse 71 grapevine accessions representative of wild and cultivat ... | 2015 | 26099513 |
| volatile compounds from grape skin, juice and wine from five interspecific hybrid grape cultivars grown in québec (canada) for wine production. | developed from crosses between vitis vinifera and north american vitis species, interspecific hybrid grape varieties are becoming economically significant in northern areas, where they are now extensively grown for wine production. however, the varietal differences between interspecific hybrids are not well defined, nor are the relationships between hybrid grape and wine composition, which causes significant drawbacks in the development of viticulture and winemaking of northern wines. in an effo ... | 2015 | 26083035 |
| terahertz time domain spectroscopy allows contactless monitoring of grapevine water status. | agriculture is the sector with the greatest water consumption, since food production is frequently based on crop irrigation. proper irrigation management requires reliable information on plant water status, but all the plant-based methods to determine it suffer from several inconveniences, mainly caused by the necessity of destructive sampling or of alteration of the plant organ due to contact installation. the aim of this work is to test if terahertz (thz) time domain reflectance measurements m ... | 2015 | 26082791 |
| water transport properties of the grape pedicel during fruit development: insights into xylem anatomy and function using microtomography. | xylem flow of water into fruits declines during fruit development, and the literature indicates a corresponding increase in hydraulic resistance in the pedicel. however, it is unknown how pedicel hydraulics change developmentally in relation to xylem anatomy and function. in this study on grape (vitis vinifera), we determined pedicel hydraulic conductivity (kh) from pressure-flow relationships using hydrostatic and osmotic forces and investigated xylem anatomy and function using fluorescent ligh ... | 2015 | 26077763 |
| differential responses of sugar, organic acids and anthocyanins to source-sink modulation in cabernet sauvignon and sangiovese grapevines. | grape berry composition mainly consists of primary and secondary metabolites. both are sensitive to environment and viticultural management. as a consequence, climate change can affect berry composition and modify wine quality and typicity. leaf removal techniques can impact berry composition by modulating the source-to-sink balance and, in turn, may mitigate some undesired effects due to climate change. the present study investigated the balance between technological maturity parameters such as ... | 2015 | 26074942 |
| regulation of flavonol content and composition in (syrah×pinot noir) mature grapes: integration of transcriptional profiling and metabolic quantitative trait locus analyses. | flavonols are a ubiquitous class of flavonoids that accumulate preferentially in flowers and mature berries. besides their photo-protective function, they play a fundamental role during winemaking, stabilizing the colour by co-pigmentation with anthocyanins and contributing to organoleptic characteristics. although the general flavonol pathway has been genetically and biochemically elucidated, the genetic control of flavonol content and composition at harvest is still not clear. to this purpose, ... | 2015 | 26071529 |
| new candidate genes for the fine regulation of the colour of grapes. | in the last decade, great progress has been made in clarifying the main determinants of anthocyanin accumulation in grape berry skin. however, the molecular details of the fine variation among cultivars, which ultimately contributes to wine typicity, are still not completely understood. to shed light on this issue, the grapes of 170 f1 progeny from the cross 'syrah'×'pinot noir' were characterized at the mature stage for the content of 15 anthocyanins during four growing seasons. this huge data ... | 2015 | 26071528 |
| a knowledge base for vitis vinifera functional analysis. | vitis vinifera (grapevine) is the most important fruit species in the modern world. wine and table grapes sales contribute significantly to the economy of major wine producing countries. the most relevant goals in wine production concern quality and safety. in order to significantly improve the achievement of these objectives and to gain biological knowledge about cultivars, a genomic approach is the most reliable strategy. the recent grapevine genome sequencing offers the opportunity to study t ... | 2015 | 26050794 |
| a rapid lc-ms/ms method for quantitative profiling of fatty acids, sterols, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids in grapes. | the abundance of lipids in plants is influenced by genotype and phenotype. despite being a very important class of plant metabolites, knowledge of grape lipids is still very limited to date, with the exception of those located in seeds. few investigations of grape lipids have shown that their profile depends on grape maturity, the variety and their location in the berry. recent advances in liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry have paved the way for faster analysis of lipids with mi ... | 2015 | 26048823 |
| expanding the chemical space of polyketides through structure-guided mutagenesis of vitis vinifera stilbene synthase. | several natural polyketides (pks) have been associated with important pharmaceutical properties. type iii polyketide synthases (pks) that generate aromatic pk polyketides have been studied extensively for their substrate promiscuity and product diversity. stilbene synthase-like (sts) enzymes are unique in the type iii pks class as they possess a hydrogen bonding network, furnishing them with thioesterase-like properties, resulting in aldol condensation of the polyketide intermediates formed. cha ... | 2015 | 26048582 |
| ozone fumigation for safety and quality of wine grapes in postharvest dehydration. | this paper proposes postharvest ozone fumigation (as a method) to control microorganisms and evaluate the effect on polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids and cell wall enzymes during the grape dehydration for wine production. pignola grapes were ozone-treated (1.5 g/h) for 18 h (a=shock treatment), then dehydrated or ozone-treated (1.5 g/h) for 18 h and at 0.5 g/h for 4 h each day (b=long-term treatment) during dehydration. treatment and dehydration were performed at 10 °c. no significant diffe ... | 2015 | 26041242 |
| chemical composition of volatile aroma metabolites and their glycosylated precursors that can uniquely differentiate individual grape cultivars. | every grape cultivar has its own unique genetic characteristics, leading to the production of a different secondary metabolite profile. aroma is one of the most important aspects in terms of the quality of grapes and previous studies have assigned specific aromas to particular grape cultivars. in this study we present the molecular profiling of volatile aroma metabolites and their precursors in ten selected genotypes, including six vitis vinifera cultivars, two american species (arizonica texas, ... | 2015 | 26041197 |
| preharvest salicylic acid treatments to improve quality and postharvest life of table grapes (vitis vinifera l.) cv. flame seedless. | significance of preharvest salicylic acid (sa) treatments on maturity, quality and postharvest life of grape cv. flame seedless were studied during two years. the experiment was performed on 12-year old own rooted, grapevines planted at 3 m × 3 m spacing trained on overhead system. vines were treated with aqueous solutions of sa (0.0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm) at pea stage and at veraison. after harvesting, clusters were divided into two lots in which one was subjected to initial quality evaluation, ... | 2015 | 26028743 |
| ethnomedicinal plants of sarigöl district (manisa), turkey. | this paper provides new and significant ethnopharmacological information on medicinal plants used by native people who live in sarigöl and its surroundings in turkey. | 2015 | 26026370 |
| climate change conditions (elevated co2 and temperature) and uv-b radiation affect grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. tempranillo) leaf carbon assimilation, altering fruit ripening rates. | the increase in grape berry ripening rates associated to climate change is a growing concern for wine makers as it rises the alcohol content of the wine. the present work studied the combined effects of elevated co2, temperature and uv-b radiation on leaf physiology and berry ripening rates. three doses of uv-b: 0, 5.98, 9.66 kjm(-2)d(-1), and two co2-temperature regimes: ambient co2-24/14 °c (day/night) (current situation) and 700 ppm co2-28/18 °c (climate change) were imposed to grapevine frui ... | 2015 | 26025530 |
| screening of anthocyanins in single red grapes using a non-destructive method based on the near infrared hyperspectral technology and chemometrics. | anthocyanins are the main compounds responsible for the colour of red wines and therefore it may be important to evaluate the content of the aforesaid secondary metabolites during grape ripening due to the crucial importance to determine wine colour. nowadays, there is a growing demand of rapid and non-destructive analytical tools for analysing grapes, such as the emerging hyperspectral analysis. | 2016 | 26009839 |
| vitis vinifera vvwrky13 is an ethylene biosynthesis-related transcription factor. | a novel transcription factor vvwrky13 was cloned from vitis vinifera and found functioning in ethylene biosynthesis pathway by mediating acs2 and acs8 expression. grapevine is one of the most economically important plants, and ethylene is a plant hormone related with its growth, development, abiotic and biotic resistance. until now, the regulators and their mechanism of ethylene biosynthesis are still not well understood. we have cloned a novel gene from a grapevine cultivar 'zuoyouhong' and nam ... | 2015 | 26001999 |
| mirvine: a microrna expression atlas of grapevine based on small rna sequencing. | mirnas are the most abundant class of small non-coding rnas, and they are involved in post-transcriptional regulations, playing a crucial role in the refinement of genetic programming during plant development. here we present a comprehensive picture of mirna regulation in vitis vinifera l. plant during its complete life cycle. furthering our knowledge about the post-transcriptional regulation of plant development is fundamental to understand the biology of such an important crop. | 2015 | 25981679 |
| dynamics and reversibility of the dna methylation landscape of grapevine plants (vitis vinifera) stressed by in vitro cultivation and thermotherapy. | there is relatively little information concerning long-term alterations in dna methylation following exposure of plants to environmental stress. as little is known about the ratio of non-heritable changes in dna methylation and mitotically-inherited methylation changes, dynamics and reversibility of the dna methylation states were investigated in grapevine plants (vitis vinifera) stressed by in vitro cultivation. it was observed that significant part of induced epigenetic changes could be repeat ... | 2015 | 25973746 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of cabernet sauvignon grape cells exposed to thermal stresses reveals alterations in sugar and phenylpropanoid metabolism. | grapes (vitis vinifera) are a valuable fruit crop and wine production is a major industry. global warming and expanded range of cultivation will expose grapes to more temperature stresses in future. our study investigated protein level responses to abiotic stresses, with particular reference to proteomic changes induced by the impact of four different temperature stress regimes, including both hot and cold temperatures, on cultured grape cells. cabernet sauvignon cell suspension cultures grown a ... | 2015 | 25959233 |
| computational identification of protein kinases and kinase-specific substrates in plants. | the protein phosphorylation catalyzed by protein kinases (pks) plays an essential role in almost all biological progresses in plants. thus, the identification of pks and kinase-specific substrates is fundamental for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of protein phosphorylation especially in controlling plant growth and development. in this chapter, we describe the computational methods and protocols for the identification of pks and kinase-specific substrates in plants, by using vitis vinif ... | 2015 | 25930704 |
| tryptophan-ethylester, the false (unveiled) melatonin isomer in red wine. | among the food plants, the presence of melatonin in grapes (vitis vinifera l.) deserves particular attention because of the production of wine, an alcoholic beverage of economic relevance and with putative healthy effects. furthermore, melatonin isomers have been detected in wine too. recently, one of these isomers has been identified as tryptophan-ethylester, a compound with the same molecular weight of melatonin. in this commentary, we briefly comment the source(s) of tryptophan-ethylester in ... | 2015 | 25922582 |
| relationship between agronomic parameters, phenolic composition of grape skin, and texture properties of vitis vinifera l. cv. tempranillo. | the relationship between the agronomic parameters of grapevine and the phenolic composition of skin of vitis vinifera l. cv. tempranillo grapes was assessed. the physical and mechanical properties of berries and their skins were also determined and correlated to the chemical composition. results showed a significant negative correlation between grapevine vigor-related parameters (such as leaf area and bunch weight) and anthocyanin composition, whereas the percentage (w/w) of seeds was negatively ... | 2015 | 25916251 |
| screening of anthocyanins and anthocyanin-derived pigments in red wine grape pomace using lc-dad/ms and maldi-tof techniques. | two phenolic extracts were made from a red wine grape pomace (gp) and fractionated first by sequential liquid-liquid extraction with organic solvents. the aqueous fraction was fractionated by low-pressure chromatography on toyopearl hw-40 gel and on c18. different fractions were obtained by sequential elution with aqueous/organic solvents, and then analyzed by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (lc-dad/ms and maldi-tof). over 50 anthocyanin-based pigments were detected by lc-dad/ms in g ... | 2015 | 25912410 |
| accumulation of glycoconjugates of 3-methyl-4-hydroxyoctanoic acid in fruits, leaves, and shoots of vitis vinifera cv. monastrell following foliar applications of oak extract or oak lactone. | grapevines are capable of absorbing volatile compounds present in the vineyard during the growing season, and in some cases, volatiles have been found to accumulate in fruits or leaves in glycoconjugate forms, that is, with one or more sugar moieties attached. the presence of oak lactone in wine is usually attributable to oak maturation, but oak lactone has been detected in wines made with fruit from grapevines treated with oak extract or oak lactone. this study investigated the accumulation of ... | 2015 | 25912091 |
| estimation of the base temperature and growth phase duration in terms of thermal time for four grapevine cultivars. | thermal time models have been used to predict the development of many different species, including grapevine (vitis vinifera l.). these models normally assume that there is a linear relationship between temperature and plant development. the goal of this study was to estimate the base temperature and duration in terms of thermal time for predicting veraison for four grapevine cultivars. historical phenological data for four cultivars that were collected in the pacific northwest were used to deve ... | 2015 | 25903759 |
| host plants affect the foraging success of two parasitoids that attack light brown apple moth epiphyas postvittana (walker) (lepidoptera: tortricidae). | the light brown apple moth, epiphyas postvittana is a key pest of wine grapes in australia. two parasitoids, dolichogenidea tasmanica and therophilus unimaculatus, attack the larval stage of this pest. d. tasmanica is dominant in vineyards, whereas t. unimaculatus is mainly active in native vegetation. we sought to understand why they differ in their use of habitats. plants are a major component of habitats of parasitoids, and herbivore-infested plants influence parasitoid foraging efficiency by ... | 2015 | 25893966 |
| within-vineyard, within-vine, and within-bunch variability of the rotundone concentration in berries of vitis vinifera l. cv. shiraz. | this study characterizes the environmental factors driving rotundone concentrations in grape berries by quantifying rotundone variability and correlating it with viticultural parameters. dissection of the vineyard into distinct zones (on the basis of vigor, electrical soil conductivity, and slope), vine into orientations to sun (shaded/unshaded), and grape bunches into sectors (upper and lower and front and back) shows the influence of vine vigor, sunlight, and temperature. occurrence of the hig ... | 2015 | 25891266 |
| acclimation mechanisms elicited by sprayed abscisic acid, solar uv-b and water deficit in leaf tissues of field-grown grapevines. | the independent and interactive effects of solar ultraviolet-b radiation (uv-b), moderate water deficit and sprayed abscisic acid (aba) on leaves gas exchange and biochemical aspects of field-grown grapevines of the cv. malbec were investigated in a high altitude vineyard (1450 m a.s.l.). two uv-b treatments (ambient solar uv-b or reduced uv-b), two watering treatments (well watered or moderate water deficit) and two aba treatments (no aba and sprayed aba) were given alone and combined in a fact ... | 2015 | 25885355 |
| vertical distribution and analysis of micro-, macroelements and heavy metals in the system soil-grapevine-wine in vineyard from north-west romania. | the determination of micro-, macroelements and heavy metals in the soil-grapevine-wine system is extremely important for the wine industry, the grape and wine quality, and also for consumer health. the quantitative analysis of 10 elements: na, ca, mg, fe, cu, zn, pb, cd, ni, co were made in soil at different depths and also in grapevines (leaves and canes). for grape juice and wine there were analyzed the concentrations of cu, zn, pb, ni and cd on three cultivars fetească albă, fetească regală a ... | 2015 | 25883678 |
| polyphenoloxidase from riesling and dornfelder wine grapes (vitis vinifera) is a tyrosinase. | polyphenoloxidases (ppo) of the type-3 copper protein family are considered to be catecholoxidases catalyzing the oxidation of o-diphenols to their corresponding quinones. ppo from grenache grapes has recently been reported to display only diphenolase activity. in contrast, we have characterized ppos from dornfelder and riesling grapes which display both monophenolase and diphenolase activity. ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography indicated that both ppos occur as monomers with m ... | 2015 | 25863609 |
| various extraction methods for obtaining stilbenes from grape cane of vitis vinifera l. | grape cane, leaves and grape marc are waste products from viticulture, which can be used to obtain secondary stilbene derivatives with high antioxidant value. the presented work compares several extraction methods: maceration at laboratory temperature, extraction at elevated temperature, fluidized-bed extraction, soxhlet extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, and accelerated solvent extraction. to obtain trans-resveratrol, trans-ε-viniferin and r2-viniferin from grape cane of the v. vinifera ... | 2015 | 25856060 |
| vitis vinifera (muscat variety) seed ethanolic extract preserves activity levels of enzymes and histology of the liver in adult male rats with diabetes. | the effect of v. vinifera seeds on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes and other enzymes of the liver in diabetes is currently unknown. we therefore investigated changes in the activity levels of these enzymes following v. vinifera seed extract administration to diabetic rats. methods. v. vinifera seed ethanolic extract (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) or glibenclamide (600 μg/kg/day) was administered to streptozotocin-induced male diabetic rats for 28 consecutive days. at the end of treatment, liver was h ... | 2015 | 25852767 |
| timing of ripening initiation in grape berries and its relationship to seed content and pericarp auxin levels. | individual berries in a grape (vitis vinifera l.) cluster enter the ripening phase at different times leading to an asynchronous cluster in terms of ripening. the factors causing this variable ripening initiation among berries are not known. because the influence via hormonal communication of the seed on fruit set and growth is well known across fruit species, differences in berry seed content and resultant quantitative or qualitative differences in the hormone signals to the pericarp likely inf ... | 2015 | 25848949 |
| rna-seq analysis and annotation of a draft blueberry genome assembly identifies candidate genes involved in fruit ripening, biosynthesis of bioactive compounds, and stage-specific alternative splicing. | blueberries are a rich source of antioxidants and other beneficial compounds that can protect against disease. identifying genes involved in synthesis of bioactive compounds could enable the breeding of berry varieties with enhanced health benefits. | 2015 | 25830017 |
| relating water deficiency to berry texture, skin cell wall composition, and expression of remodeling genes in two vitis vinifera l. varieties. | the cell wall (cw) is a dynamic structure that responds to stress. water shortage (ws) impacts grapevine berry composition and its sensorial quality. in the present work, berry texture, skin cw composition, and expression of remodeling genes were investigated in two v. vinifera varieties, touriga nacional (tn) and trincadeira (tr), under two water regimes, full irrigation (fi) and no irrigation (ni). the global results allowed an evident separation between both varieties and the water treatments ... | 2015 | 25828510 |