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characteristics of environmental factors and their effects on ch4 and co2 emissions from a closed landfill: an ecological case study of shanghai.to elucidate the influence of landfill gas (lfg) emission on environmental factors, an ecological investigation that was primarily concerned with the characteristics of vegetation, cover soil, and solid waste in the landfill was carried out. temporal and spatial variations in vegetation diversity and coverage and their effects on reducing the emission of methane in the landfill were investigated. the results showed that both vegetation coverage and diversity increased with elapsed landfill closu ...201019880303
the fate of cyanobacterial blooms in vegetated and unvegetated sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake: a stable isotope tracer study.an experiment using nitrogen stable isotope tracer ((15)n) was conducted to track the fate of nitrogen derived from cyanobacterial blooms and the effectiveness with which the seasonal blooms are retained by vegetated and unvegetated sediment in a large shallow eutrophic lake (lake taihu, china). (15)n enriched microcystis was injected into both unvegetated sediment and sediment occupied by common reed (phragmites australis) in the littoral zone. nutrient retention by the vegetated sediment was g ...201019939431
the effect of the heterologous expression of phragmites australis gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase on the cd2+ accumulation of agrostis palustris.heavy metal pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. to develop a more efficient plant to clean up heavy metal contaminated soils, a gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gcs) cdna, named pagcs, was isolated by pcr from phragmites australis. the pagcs sequence was transformed via agroinfection into the heavy metal intolerant grass agrostis palustris. five confirmed transgenic a. palustris plants expressing pagcs were compared with the wild-type line for growth and ...201020051038
phytoremediation of pharmaceuticals--preliminary study.phytoremediation of selected pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and acetaminophen) using armoracia rusticana and linum usitatissimum cell cultures and by hydroponically cultivated lupinus albus, hordeum vulgaris, and phragmites australis plants in laboratory conditions is described. during in vitro experiments, the best results for acetaminophen were achieved using armoracia rusticana hairy root cultures, where 100% of the starting amount was removed from the media during eight days. total ...201020734624
mycoparasitism of endophytic fungi isolated from reed on soilborne phytopathogenic fungi and production of cell wall-degrading enzymes in vitro.antagonism of three endophytic fungi isolated from common reed (phragmites australis) against eight soilborne pathogenic fungi was investigated on potato dextrose agar by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. inhibitory zones were not observed. the microscopical studies suggested that the endophytes inhibit growth of soilborne pathogens by means of coiling around hyphae and, after penetration, the degradation of hyphal cytoplasm. since penetration ...200919705202
[nitrous oxide fluxes of constructed wetlands to treat sewage wastewater].the nitrous oxide fluxes and ammonia-oxidizing bacterium in two typical constructed wetlands, i.e. subsurface flow (sf) and free water surface (fws) were studied by the method of static chamber-gas chromatography. the results showed that the mean n2o fluxes were 296.5 microg x (m2 x h)(-1) and 28.2 microg x (m2 x h)(-1) respectively, and two typical wetlands were all the sources of atmosphere nitrous oxide as a whole. sf wetland exhibited a higher risk of n2o emissions, and the mean n2o flux in ...200920063721
[vegetation influence on nutrients distribution in pore water of salt marsh sediment].the variations of nutrients in pore water of salt marsh sediment were surveyed in the middle intertidal zone of chongming dongtan during august 2007 to may 2008 to identify plant impact on nutrients distribution. the results show that nh4(+) -n and po4(3-) -p concentrations are lower in pore water of spartina alterniflora and phragmites australis zones than in bare flat, and specially, nh4(+) -n concentrations in summer and autumn decrease by one more orders of magnitude. compared to winter, nut ...200920063731
[responses of photosynthetic pigments of spartina alterniflora and phragmites australis to durative waterlogging].with the invasive plant spartina alterniflora and indigenous plant phragmites australis in chongming dongtan nature reserve of shanghai as test objects, the responses of their photosynthetic pigmentsto durative waterlogging were studied during the growth season in 2008. the basic composition and the content of the pigments differed with plant species, and their responses to durative waterlogging also differed. under durative waterlogging stress, s. alterniflora had the decreased contents of chlo ...200920077691
[allelopathy of phragmites australis on spartina alterniflora under different salinity].using phragmites australis litter as test material, two kinds of its mother liquid, i. e., water extract and decomposed products, were obtained by the methods of solution extraction and anaerobic decomposition. the two liquids with concentration 100% and 25% were used to treat the seeds and seedlings of spartina alterniflora and the endemic beneficial fungi (mortierella sp.) of s. alterniflora under 5 per thousand and 10 per thousand salinity, aimed to study the effects of different salinity on ...200919947204
waterbird population changes in the wetlands at chongming dongtan in the yangtze river estuary, china.we studied the changes in wetland habitats and waterbird communities between the 1980s and the 2000s at chongming dongtan, a ramsar site in the yangtze river estuary, an ecologically important region. this region is an important stopover site for shorebirds along the east asian-australasian flyway and is extensively used by waterfowl. a net loss of 11% of the wetland area was estimated during study periods at chongming dongtan. the change was dependent on wetland types: while the area of artific ...200919139954
treatment of industrial wastewater with two-stage constructed wetlands planted with typha latifolia and phragmites australis.industrial wastewater treatment comprises several processes to fulfill the discharge permits or to enable the reuse of wastewater. for tannery wastewater, constructed wetlands (cws) may be an interesting treatment option. two-stage series of horizontal subsurface flow cws with phragmites australis (up series) and typha latifolia (ut series) provided high removal of organics from tannery wastewater, up to 88% of biochemical oxygen demand (bod(5)) (from an inlet of 420 to 1000 mg l(-1)) and 92% of ...200919289277
native plant and microbial contributions to a negative plant-plant interaction.a number of hypotheses have been suggested to explain why invasive exotic plants dramatically increase their abundance upon transport to a new range. the novel weapons hypothesis argues that phytotoxins secreted by roots of an exotic plant are more effective against naïve resident competitors in the range being invaded. the common reed phragmites australis has a diverse population structure including invasive populations that are noxious weeds in north america. p. australis exudes the common phe ...200919776161
habitat and plant communities in the nile delta of egypt. ii. irrigation and drainage canal bank habitat.the present study provides quantitative analysis of the vegetation and spatial variations of environmental factors controlling the abundance and distribution of vegetation in canal and drain banks in the nile delta region of egypt. five vegetation groups have been recognized: group a codominated by arundo donax and polygonum equisetiforme, group b codominated by rumex dentatus and polypogon monspeliensis, group c dominated by eichhornia crassipes, group d codominated by phragmites australis and ...200919777781
[seasonal dynamics of nitrogen- and phosphorus absorption efficiency of wetland plants in minjiang river estuary].taking the native phragmites australis and invasive spartina alterniflora in minjiang river estuary as test objectives, this paper studied the seasonal dynamics of their biomass and nitrogen- and phosphorus absorption efficiency. a typical single-peak curve was presented for the seasonal dynamics of aboveground biomass and nitrogen- and phosphorus absorption efficiency of the two species. p. australis had the maximum aboveground biomass (2195.33 g x m(-2)) in summer, while s. alterniflora had it ...200919795639
pcr analysis of the presence and location of mycobacterium avium in a constructed reed bed, with implications for avian tuberculosis control.the potential of reed beds to act as biofilters of pathogenic and environmental mycobacteria was investigated through examination of the fate of mycobacteria in a constructed reed bed filtering effluent from a large captive wildfowl collection. particular emphasis was placed on the presence and location of mycobacterium avium--the causal agent of avian tuberculosis (atb)--in an effort to clarify the potential role of reed beds in the control of this disease. water, sediment, and stems and roots ...200919049499
structure and function of denitrifying and nitrifying bacterial communities in relation to the plant species in a constructed wetland.the community structure and potential activities of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria were studied in the rhizosphere of typha latifolia and phragmites australis present in a free water system constructed wetland (cw). potential nitrate reduction and nitrification activities were shown to be significantly higher in the rhizosphere when compared with the nonvegetated sediment. higher rates were generally obtained for p. australis. the community structure of denitrifying bacteria in the rhizosp ...200919049502
sorption and photodegradation of chlorpyrifos on riparian and aquatic macrophytes.surface water bodies may become contaminated via spray drift following pesticide application. in this investigation, the photodegradation and sorption of chlorpyrifos was studied in four riparian macrophytes representative of mediterranean flora (phragmites australis, iris pseudacorus, equisetum pratense and typha latifolia). the results of experiments with both the active ingredient and the formulation dursban 48 ec confirm the ability of these species to interact with chemicals such as chlorpy ...200919089709
changes in the bacterial community structure in two-stage constructed wetlands with different plants for industrial wastewater treatment.this study focused on the diversity of bacterial communities from two series of two-stage constructed wetlands (cws) treating tannery wastewater, under different hydraulic conditions. series were separately planted with typha latifolia and phragmites australis in expanded clay aggregates and operated for 31 months. the effect of plant species, hydraulic loading and unit stage on bacterial communities was addressed through bacterial enumeration and denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) ...200919303772
phytotoxicity testing of winery wastewater for constructed wetland treatment.rapid and inexpensive phytotoxicity bioassays for winery wastewater (ww) are important when designing winery wastewater treatment systems involving constructed wetlands. three macrophyte wetland species (phragmites australis, schoenoplectus validus and juncus ingens) were tested using a pot experiment simulating a wetland microcosm. the winery wastewater concentration was varied (0.5%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) and ph was corrected for some concentrations using lime as an amendment. the t ...200919443118
do heavy metals and metalloids influence the detoxification of organic xenobiotics in plants?mixed pollution with trace elements and organic industrial compounds is characteristic for many spill areas and dumping sites. the danger for the environment and human health from such sites is large, and sustainable remediation strategies are urgently needed. phytoremediation seems to be a cheap and environmentally sound option for the removal of unwanted compounds, and the hyperaccumulation of trace elements and toxic metals is seemingly independent from the metabolism of organic xenobiotics. ...200919462193
cylindrospermopsin induces alterations of root histology and microtubule organization in common reed (phragmites australis) plantlets cultured in vitro.we aimed to study the histological and cytological alterations induced by cylindrospermopsin (cyn), a protein synthesis inhibitory cyanotoxin in roots of common reed (phragmites australis). reed is an ecologically important emergent aquatic macrophyte, a model for studying cyanotoxin effects. we analyzed the histology and cytology of reed roots originated from tissue cultures and treated with 0.5-40 microg ml(-1) (1.2-96.4 microm) cyn. the cyanotoxin decreased root elongation at significantly lo ...200919464311
differences in phytotoxicity and dissipation between ionized and nonionized oil sands naphthenic acids in wetland plants.naphthenic acids (nas) are composed of alkyl-substituted acyclic and cycloaliphatic carboxylic acids and, because they are acutely toxic to fish, are of toxicological concern. during the caustic hot-water extraction of oil from the bitumen in oil sands deposits, nas become concentrated in the resulting tailings pond water. the present study investigated if dissipation of nas occurs in the presence of hydroponically grown emergent macrophytes (typha latifolia, phragmites australis, and scirpus ac ...200919469588
preliminary evaluation of a constructed wetland for treating extremely alkaline (ph 12) steel slag drainage.high ph (> 12) leachates are an environmental problem associated with drainage from lime (cao)-rich industrial residues such as steel slags, lime spoil and coal combustion residues. recent research has highlighted the potential for natural ('volunteer') wetlands to buffer extremely alkaline influent waters. this appears ascribable to high co(2) partial pressures in the wetland waters from microbial respiration, which accelerates precipitation of calcium carbonate (caco(3)), and the high specific ...200919494466
enzyme and root activities in surface-flow constructed wetlands.sixteen small-scale wetlands planted with four plant species were constructed for domestic wastewater purification. the objective of this study was to determine the correlations between contaminant removal and soil enzyme activity, root activity, and growth in the constructed wetlands. the results indicated that correlations between contaminant removal efficiency and enzyme activity varied depending on the contaminants. the removal efficiency of nh4+ was significantly correlated with both urease ...200919497608
cloning of a high-affinity k+ transporter gene puthkt2;1 from puccinellia tenuiflora and its functional comparison with oshkt2;1 from rice in yeast and arabidopsis.a high-affinity k+ transporter puthkt2;1 cdna was isolated from the salt-tolerant plant puccinellia tenuiflora. expression of puthkt2;1 was induced by both 300 mm nacl and k+-starvation stress in roots, but only slightly regulated by those stresses in shoots. puthkt2;1 transcript levels in 300 mm nacl were doubled by the depletion of potassium. yeast transformed with puthkt2;1, like those transformed with phahkt2;1 from salt-tolerant reed plants (phragmites australis), (i) were able to take up k ...200919528529
biodegradation of bisphenol a and bisphenol f in the rhizosphere sediment of phragmites australis.the accelerated removal of bisphenols a and f (bpa, bpf) was observed in the rhizosphere sediment of phragmites australis, while they persisted in the absence of p. australis. a bpa-degrading bacterium, novosphingobium sp. strain tya-1, and a bpf-degrading bacterium, sphingobium yanoikuyae strain tyf-1, were isolated from the rhizosphere of p. australis. the results suggested that interactions between p. australis and these bacteria can accelerate the removal of bisphenols from sediment.200919619863
phragmites australis and typha orientalis in removal of pollutant in taihu lake, china.two plant populations of phragmites australis and typha orientalis grown in gravel and sediment substrate were studied to assess their capabilities for purifying polluted water in taihu lake, china. the substrate displayed most significant effects on the suspended matter (p < 0.01), with the reduction of 76%-87% and 52%-63% for p. australis, and 83%-86% and 45%-62% for t. orientalis in gravel substrate and sediment substrate, respectively. both species and substrates significantly decreased the ...200919634417
[effects of water stress on photosynthetic parameters of phragmites australis in estuarine wetland of yellow river delta].a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil water content on the net photosynthetic rate (pn), transpiration rate (tr), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular co2 concentration (ci), water use efficiency (wue), and light use efficiency (lue) of fresh water swamp phragmites australis from estuarine wetland of yellow river delta, with the appropriate soil water condition approached. the results showed that the pn, lue, tr, and wue of fresh water swamp p. australis had obvious res ...200919637592
removal of personal care compounds from sewage sludge in reed bed container (lysimeter) studies--effects of macrophytes.sludge reed beds have been used for dewatering (draining and evapotranspiration) and mineralisation of sludge in europe since 1988. although reed beds are considered as a low cost and low contamination method in reducing volume, breaking down organic matter and increasing the density of sludge, it is not yet clear whether this enhanced biological treatment is suitable for degradation of organic micro-pollutants such as personal care products. within this project the effect of biological sludge t ...200919682727
heavy metals in wetland plants and soil of lake taihu, china.properties of vertical distribution of soil near water bodies are vary considerably from those of land and may greatly affect the transportation of heavy metals in wetlands. vertical distributions of heavy metals (cr, cd, cu, pb, and zn) in the soil of aquatic-terrestrial ecotone (ate) of lake taihu, china, and in wetland plant tissues were studied. generally, concentrations of heavy metals decreased with increasing depth in the top 40-cm cores and then increased slightly with increasing depth. ...200818092866
influence of tidal regime on the distribution of trace metals in a contaminated tidal freshwater marsh soil colonized with common reed (phragmites australis).a historical input of trace metals into tidal marshes fringing the river scheldt may be a cause for concern. nevertheless, the specific physicochemical form, rather than the total concentration, determines the ecotoxicological risk of metals in the soil. in this study the effect of tidal regime on the distribution of trace metals in different compartments of the soil was investigated. as, cd, cu and zn concentrations in sediment, pore water and in roots were determined along a depth profile. tot ...200818158203
phytotoxicity of oil sands naphthenic acids and dissipation from systems planted with emergent aquatic macrophytes.differences in dissipation and phytotoxicity were measured for two naphthenic acid mixtures in hydroponically grown emergent macrophytes (typha latifolia, phragmites australis, and scirpus acutus). one of the naphthenic acid (na) mixtures was extracted from tailings pond water of an oil sands operation in fort mcmurray, alberta, canada. the other mixture was a commercially available na mixture. while the oil sands na mixture was less phytotoxic to wetland plants compared to the commercially avai ...200818161556
the effects of tannery wastewater on the development of different plant species and chromium accumulation in phragmites australis.toxicity tests were performed to assess the effect of tannery wastewater with different treatment levels on two wetland plants, phragmites australis and typha latifolia, which are frequently used in constructed wetlands (cws) for water treatment, and thus deepen the knowledge on their capacity to withstand the application of industrial wastewater. trifolium pratense, a plant generally used as an indicator in toxicity tests, was included as a control. end points measured were germination percenta ...200818214580
litter pool sizes, decomposition, and nitrogen dynamics in spartina alterniflora-invaded and native coastal marshlands of the yangtze estuary.past studies have focused primarily on the effects of invasive plants on litter decomposition at soil surfaces. in natural ecosystems, however, considerable amounts of litter may be at aerial and belowground positions. this study was designed to examine the effects of spartina alterniflora invasion on the pool sizes and decomposition of aerial, surficial, and belowground litter in coastal marshlands, the yangtze estuary, which were originally occupied by two native species, scirpus mariqueter an ...200818327617
an approach to mosquito control: using the dominant attraction of flowering tamarix jordanis trees against culex pipiens.in this study, we identified blossoms that attract culex pipiens l. s.l. in a mediterranean habitat by using branches of 26 common plant species as baits for traps. the highest catch, 60.5% of the total, by flowers of tamarix jordanis boiss., was approximately 6 times greater than the 10.7% caught by flowering polygonum equisetiforme sm., and 10 times higher than the 6.6% caught by flowers of acacia saligna (lindle) h. l. wendl. the catch elicited by the other plants ranged between 4.0 and 0.1%. ...200818533430
[niches of plant species in wetlands of the yellow river delta under gradients of water table depth and soil salinity].ordination methods were used to arrange in turn the 19 plant species in wetlands of the yellow river delta under gradients of water table depth and soil salinity, and to classify them into three ecological species groups, i. e. low, medium, and high water table depth/soil salinity ecological species groups. their niche breadths and niche overlaps under the two gradients were also analyzed. the results indicated that for the gradient of water table depth, the species in medium water table depth e ...200818655579
phylogenetic and metabolic bacterial diversity of phragmites australis periphyton communities in two hungarian soda ponds.bacterial diversity of reed (phragmites australis) periphyton communities of kelemen-szék and nagy-vadas (two hungarian soda ponds) was investigated using molecular cloning and cultivation-based techniques. the majority of the 80 kelemen-szék and 72 nagy-vadas bacterial isolates proved to be moderately halophilic and alkaliphilic. a great proportion of the isolates showed phosphatase and urease activity, utilized aesculin, citrate and certain biopolymers (e.g., gelatine and tween 80). partial 16 ...200818679563
phytophthora gallica sp. nov., a new species from rhizosphere soil of declining oak and reed stands in france and germany.a non-papillate, slow-growing phytophthora species, which could not be assigned to any existing taxon, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of a declining oak in northeast france, and from the rhizosphere of phragmites australis at lake constance in south-west germany in 1998 and 2004, respectively. we describe this species, previously informally designated phytophthora taxon 'g', as phytophthora gallica sp. nov. morphology, growth rates, and pathogenicity against cuttings of riparian tree species ...200818693002
seasonal effect on n2o formation in nitrification in constructed wetlands.constructed wetlands are considered to be important sources of nitrous oxide (n(2)o). in order to investigate the contribution of nitrification in n(2)o formation, some environmental factors, plant species and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (aob) in active layers have been compared. vegetation cells indicated remarkable effect of seasons and different plant species on n(2)o emission and aob amount. nitrous oxide data showed large temporal and spatial fluctuations ranging 0-52.8 mg n(2)o m(-2)d(-1). ...200818782640
artificial wetlands performance: nitrogen removal.artificial wetlands (aw) are a promising option for wastewater treatment in small communities due to their high performance in nutrients removal and low operation and maintenance costs. nitrogen can favour the growth of algae in water bodies causing eutrophication when present at high concentrations. nitrogen can be removed through different mechanisms (e.g. nitrification-denitrification, adsorption and plant uptake). environmental conditions such as temperature and relative humidity can play an ...200818957747
biodegradation of carbendazim by epiphytic and neustonic bacteria of eutrophic chełmzyńskie lake.the paper presents a study on biodegradation of carbendazim (1 mg/l) by homogeneous cultures of epiphytic (n = 25) and neustonic (n = 25) bacteria and heterogeneous (n = 1) cultures containing a mixture of 25 bacterial strains isolated from epidermis of the common reed (phragmites australis, (cav.) trin. ex steud.) and surface microlayer (sm approximately 250 microm) of eutrophic lake chełmzyńskie. results indicate that epiphytic bacteria are characterized by higher average capacity to decompose ...200819004243
comparative assessment of total phenolic content in selected medicinal plants.this study was to compare the total phenolic (tp) content in extracts from eleven plant materials collected at different geographical locations in kenya, nigeria, and usa. these plants have been selected because the majority of them are highly pigmented, from yellow to purple, and would therefore have economic value in industries for producing antioxidants and surfactants. two of them were collected from the industrial and domestic waste outlets. each analysis was achieved using the folin-ciocal ...200820119491
are phragmites australis enzymes involved in the degradation of the textile azo dye acid orange 7?the role of antioxidant and detoxification enzymes of phragmites australis, in the degradation of an azo dye, acid orange 7 (ao7), was studied. activities of several enzymes involved in plant protection against stress were assayed through the activity characterization of superoxide dismutase (sod), peroxidases (pod), catalase (cat), ascorbate peroxidase (apox), dehydroascorbate reductase (dhar) and glutathione s-transferase (gst), obtained from p. australis crude extracts of leaves, stems and ro ...200817336060
nitrous oxide emission from polyculture constructed wetlands: effect of plant species.loss of nitrogen from the soil-plant system has raised environmental concern. this study assessed the fluxes of nitrous oxide (n2o) in the subsurface flow constructed wetlands (cws). to better understand the mechanism of n2o emission, spatial distribution of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (aob) in four kinds of wetlands soil were compared. n2o emission data showed large temporal and spatial variation ranging from -5.5 to 32.7 mg n2o m(-2) d(-1). the highest n2o emission occurred in the cell planted ...200817655987
influence of vegetation and substrate on the removal and transformation of dissolved organic matter in horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands.the fate of dissolved organic matter (dom) during horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetlands (hssf cws) was examined. in several studies it had been demonstrated that factors such as vegetation and substrates type affected the treatment efficiency of dom, while very few studies discerned their influence on the transformations of dom. thus three pilot-scale hssf cws, i.e. reed (phragmites australis)/gravel bed (w1), hybrid vegetation{cattail (typha latifolia), bulrush (scirpus validus), reed ...200817964141
diversity of sulfate-reducing bacteria inhabiting the rhizosphere of phragmites australis in lake velencei (hungary) revealed by a combined cultivation-based and molecular approach.the community structure of sulfate-reducing bacteria (srb) associated with reed (phragmites australis) rhizosphere in lake velencei (hungary) was investigated by using cultivation-based and molecular methods. the cultivation methods were restricted to recover lactate-utilizing species with the exclusion of desulfobacter and some desulfobacterium species presumably not being dominant members of the examined community. the most-probable-number (mpn) estimations of lactate-utilizing srb showed that ...200818066486
diversity, host, and habitat specificity of oomycete communities in declining reed stands (phragmites australis) of a large freshwater lake.we studied the diversity of oomycetes in a declining reed belt (phragmites australis) of lake constance, germany, using conventional baiting with specific reed and standard oak baits, accompanied by molecular techniques. apart from an aphanomyces sp. and a phytophthora sp., baiting from reed rhizosphere samples from flooded, as well as drier, littoral sites revealed only pythium spp. a total of 67 oomycete isolates was classified according to pcr-rflp banding patterns and its sequencing, and 18 ...200818455383
[spectral data analysis of salinity soils with ground objects in the delta oasis of weigan and kuqa rivers].the characteristic of landmark spectrum is not only the physical base of remote sensing technical application but also the base of the quantificational analysis of remote sensing, and the study of landmark spectrum is the main content in the basic research of remote sensing. in the present paper, the authors adopted ci700 portable spectrum apparatus made in american cid company, and investigated or examined some spots in the delta oasis of weigan and kuqa rivers located in the north of tarim bas ...200819248514
diversity of reed (phragmites australis) stem biofilm bacterial communities in two hungarian soda lakes.from reed biofilm samples of kelemen-szék (kiskunság national park, knp) and nagy-vadas (hortobágy national park, hnp) altogether 260 bacterial isolates were gained after serial dilutions and plating onto different media. following a primary selection 164 strains were investigated by "traditional" phenotypic tests and clustered by numerical analysis. fifty-six representative strains were selected to ardra and 16s rdna sequence analysis for identification. strains were identified as members of ge ...200718088008
[effects of allelochemical ema from reed on the production and release of cyanotoxins in microcystis aeruginosa].the growth inhibition of ethyl-2-methylacetoacetate (ema) isolated from common reed (phragmites australis trin. or phragmites communis trin.) on the growth of microcystis aeruginosa pcc7806 was investigated and the intracellular and extracellular concentration of cyanotoxin (mc-lr) after treatment of ema were tested. the experimental results indicated that ema has significant inhibitory effect on the growth of m. aeruginosa pcc7806, and the value of ec(50,7d) was 2.0 mg x l(-1). however, the inh ...200717990557
root-secreted allelochemical in the noxious weed phragmites australis deploys a reactive oxygen species response and microtubule assembly disruption to execute rhizotoxicity.phragmites australis is considered the most invasive plant in marsh and wetland communities in the eastern united states. although allelopathy has been considered as a possible displacing mechanism in p. australis, there has been minimal success in characterizing the responsible allelochemical. we tested the occurrence of root-derived allelopathy in the invasiveness of p. australis. to this end, root exudates of two p. australis genotypes, bb (native) and p38 (an exotic) were tested for phytotox ...200717899282
effects of substratum on the diversity and stability of ammonia-oxidizing communities in a constructed wetland used for wastewater treatment.to study the relationship between the nature of the substratum and the diversity and stability of the ammonia-oxidizing microbial community in a constructed wetland for the treatment of wastewaters.200717953555
nitrate removal and denitrification affected by soil characteristics in nitrate treatment wetlands.several small-scale surface flow constructed wetlands unplanted and planted (monoculture) with various macrophytes (phragmites australis, typha orientalis, pennisetum purpureum, ipomoea aquatica, and pistia stratiotes) were established to continuously receive nitrate-contaminated groundwater. soil characteristics and their effects on nitrate removal and soil denitrification were investigated. the results showed that planted wetland cells exhibited significantly higher (p < 0.05) nitrate removal ...200717365317
metabolic activity and phylogenetic diversity of reed (phragmites australis) periphyton bacterial communities in a hungarian shallow soda lake.in the present study, the species composition and potential metabolic activities of bacterial communities of reed phragmites australis (cav.) (trin. ex steudel) periphyton from lake velencei were studied by cultivation-based and metabolic fingerprinting methods. serially diluted spring biofilm samples were used to test the community-level physiological profiling (clpp) using biolog microplates, and for plating onto different media. on the basis of their morphological, biochemical, and physiologi ...200717406774
susceptibility of native and non-native common reed to the non-native mealy plum aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in north america.an aggressive, non-native haplotype (distinct genetic lineage within a species) of phragmites australis is invading brackish and freshwater systems in the eastern united states, potentially displacing native haplotypes. we studied the differential susceptibility of native and non-native populations collected from sites throughout north america to the non-native aphid, hyalopterus pruni. in a greenhouse study, we found significantly higher aphid populations on native haplotypes than on the non-na ...200717445381
factors affecting metal concentrations in the upper sediment layer of intertidal reedbeds along the river scheldt.factors that play a role in determining metal accumulation in sediments of 26 intertidal marshes which are mainly vegetated by reed plants (phragmites australis) were assessed along the scheldt estuary (belgium and the netherlands). in the upper 20 cm sediment layer, several physico-chemical properties (clay, silt and sand content, organic matter, carbonate and chloride content, ph and conductivity) and aqua regia extractable metals (cd, cr, cu, ni, pb, zn) were determined. the sediments were si ...200717492090
performance of vegetated and non-vegetated vertical flow reed beds in the treatment of diluted leachate.this study was undertaken to investigate the behaviour of a vertical flow reed bed system with 3 kind of wastewaters (w1, w2 and w3) and for two hydraulic retention times (3 and 7 days) as well as to assess the role of phragmites australis in constructed wetland treatment processes. the adopted batch experimental system consisted of six vertical flow filters, filled with granular media and planted with reeds. for each vegetated reactor there was a correspondent blank in order to make a compariso ...200717558782
reed beds receiving industrial sludge containing nitroaromatic compounds. effects of outgoing water and bed material extracts in the umu-c genotoxicity assay, dr-calux assay and on early life stage development in zebrafish (danio rerio).sweden has prohibited the deposition of organic waste since january, 2005. since 1 million tons of sludge is produced every year in sweden and the capacity for incineration does not fill the demands, other methods of sludge management have to be introduced to a larger degree. one common method in the usa and parts of europe is the use of wetlands to treat wastewater and sewage sludge. the capacity of reed beds to affect the toxicity of a complex mixture of nitroaromatics in sludge, however, is n ...200717561780
seasonal changes of metal accumulation and distribution in common club rush (schoenoplectus lacustris) and common reed (phragmites australis).in this study, two aquatic macrophytes phragmites australis and schoenoplectus lacustris and corresponding sediment samples were collected every three months from lake sapanca (turkey) and analysed for their heavy-metal contents (pb, cr, cu, mn, ni, zn and cd). accumulation factor ratios of plant parts were calculated for all metals, and the two species were compared in terms of accumulation properties. the highest concentrations were measured in the root systems while relatively low concentrati ...200717577664
[carbon storage and carbon fixation during the succession of natural vegetation in wetland ecosystem on east beach of chongming island].vegetation is an important biological factor in the ecological succession of wetland, and the main factor affecting the carbon storage and carbon fixation in wetland ecosystem. by the methods of field survey and lab analysis, this paper studied the carbon storage and carbon fixation during the succession of wetland vegetation on east beach of chongming island, and the results showed that there existed greater differences in the existing carbon storage and its allocation in wetland vegetation at ...200717615896
[methane emission from aquatic vegetation zones of wuliangsu lake, inner mongolia].to quantify the variations of methane fluxes from different aquatic vegetation zones, two-year measurements were measured at different aquatic vegetation zones and water depths using static chamber technique during two growing season from april to october in 2003 and 2004. results showed that the average emission flux of ch4 from potamogeton pectinatus (submerged macrophyte) growing zones was (3.44 +/- 1.60) mg x (m2 x h)(-1), 78.06% lower than that from phragmites australis (emergent macrophyte ...200717633615
[succession character of salt marsh vegetations in chongming dongtan wetland].this paper studied the ecological character, importance value, aboveground biomass and its n content of salt marsh vegetations in chongming dongtan wetland in the process of succession. the results indicated that with the increase of altitude, the importance value of scirpus mariqueter, a representative species at early succession stage, decreased gradually, while those of spartina alterniflora and phragmites australis increased. the biodiversity of the vegetations increased with succession. dur ...200717650865
chemical and biological assessment of an urban, estuarine marsh in northeastern new jersey usa.oritani marsh in the hackensack meadowlands of urbanized northeastern new jersey usa was assessed in 2000 for vegetation, soil/sediment chemistry, abundance/diversity of benthic invertebrates, and bird and mammal usage. vegetatively, both marsh and uplands are dominated by tall, dense phragmites australis. small patches (less than 2 hectares total) dominated by spartina spp. were found at the lowest elevations. soil/sediment cores were sliced into 5 intervals and analyzed for metals, pesticides ...200717058019
use of blast furnace granulated slag as a substrate in vertical flow reed beds: field application.research was conducted at middle east technical university (metu), ankara, turkey in 2000 to determine whether a reed bed filled with an economical turkish fill media that has high phosphorus (p) sorption capacity, could be implemented and operated successfully under field conditions. in batch-scale p-sorption experiments, the p-sorption capacity of the blast furnace granulated slag (bfgs) of kardemir iron and steel ltd., co., turkey, was found to be higher compared to other candidate filter mat ...200717070037
removal of bacteria by filtration in planted and non-planted sand columns.in order to diminish hygienic hazards from pathogens, the elimination of pathogenic bacteria in a pre-treatment step is important for the use of domestic wastewater for irrigation purposes. therefore, we analysed the removal of bacteria in laboratory-scale model sand filters simulating vertical flow systems of constructed wetlands (cw). sand-filled glass columns were planted with juncus effusus or phragmites australis and non-planted columns were used as controls. processes of bacteria removal s ...200717084880
varying stable nitrogen isotope ratios of different coastal marsh plants and their relationships with wastewater nitrogen and land use in new england, usa.the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of some biota have been used as indicators of sources of anthropogenic nitrogen. in this study the relationships of the stable nitrogen isotope ratios of marsh plants, iva frutescens (l.), phragmites australis (cav.) trin ex steud, spartina patens (ait.) muhl, spartina alterniflora loisel, ulva lactuca (l.), and enteromorpha intestinalis (l.) with wastewater nitrogen and land development in new england are described. five of the six plant species (all but u. la ...200717171277
accumulation of metals in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater in flanders, belgium.this study assessed the accumulation of metals in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland treating domestic wastewater of 350 pe after three years of operation. metal concentrations in the influent wastewater, effluent, sediment, leaves, stems, and belowground biomass of phragmites australis were analysed. spatial variations were assessed by sampling at increasing distance from the inlet and at different positions across the width of the reed bed. all metals except fe and mn were effici ...200717240426
urea transformation of wetland microbial communities.transformation of urea to ammonium is an important link in the nitrogen cycle in soil and water. although microbial nitrogen transformations, such as nitrification and denitrification, are well studied in freshwater sediment and epiphytic biofilm in shallow waters, information about urea transformation in these environments is scarce. in this study, urea transformation of sedimentary, planktonic, and epiphytic microbial communities was quantified and urea transformation of epiphytic biofilms ass ...200717268879
five year water and nitrogen balance for a constructed surface flow wetland treating agricultural drainage waters.the performance of a constructed surface flow wetland in reducing diffuse n pollution coming from croplands is being investigated in an ongoing experiment, begun in 1998 in ne italy. the 0.32 ha wetland is vegetated with phragmites australis (cav.) trin. and typha latifolia (l.). it receives drainage water from 6 ha of land managed for an experiment on drainage systems, where maize, sugarbeet, winter wheat and soybean are cultivated. during the period 1998-2002, the wetland received from 4698 to ...200717270250
cloning and functional analysis of the k+ transporter, phahak2, from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant reed plants.we isolated phahak2 cdnas from salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive reed plants. phahak2 belongs to group ii by phylogenetic analysis, and was predicted to be a high-affinity plasma membrane k(+) transporter. yeast transformed with the phahak2-u from salt-sensitive reed plants (phragmites australis) had a decreased ability to take up k(+) in the presence of nacl and showed a higher na(+) permeability than yeast transformed with phahak2-n or phahak2-e from two salt-tolerant reed plants. these results ...200717279448
uptake and distribution of n, p and heavy metals in three dominant salt marsh macrophytes from yangtze river estuary, china.we examined the variation in aboveground biomass accumulation and tissue concentrations of nitrogen (n), phosphorus (p), copper (cu), zinc (zn) and lead (pb) in phragmites australis (common reed), spartina alterniflora (salt cordgrass), and scirpus mariqueter throughout the growing season (april-october 2005), in order to determine the differences in net element accumulation and distribution between the three salt marsh macrophytes in the yangtze river estuary, china. the aboveground biomass was ...200717306362
ch4 and n2o emissions from spartina alterniflora and phragmites australis in experimental mesocosms.spartina alterniflora, a perennial grass with c(4)-photosynthesis, shows great invading potential in the coastal ecosystems in the east of china. we compared trace gas emissions from s. alterniflora with those from a native c(3) plant, phragmites australis, by establishing brackish marsh mesocosms to experimentally assess the effects of plant species (s. alterniflora vs. p. australis), flooding status (submerged vs. non-submerged), and clipping (plants clipped or not) on trace gas emissions. the ...200717316757
constructed wetland systems vegetated with different plants applied to the treatment of tannery wastewater.wastewaters from leather processing are very complex and lead to water pollution if discharged untreated, especially due to its high organic loading. in this study the survival of different plant species in subsurface horizontal flow constructed wetlands receiving tannery wastewater was investigated. five pilot units were vegetated with canna indica, typha latifolia, phragmites australis, stenotaphrum secundatum and iris pseudacorus, and a sixth unit was left as an unvegetated control. the treat ...200717320926
ecological studies on al-khadoud spring, al-hassa, saudi arabia.al-khadoud spring is one of the most important water resources in al-hassa governorate, saudi arabia. however, much of its biotic information is still unknown. this study presented preliminary ecological information of this aquatic body. regarding to macrophytes, a total of eight species were observed along the study sites. these species include two submerged aquatic plants (potamogeton pectinatus l. and ceratophyllum demersum l.). the common distributed species are phragmites australis (cav.) t ...200719090280
the roost and roosting behaviour of eurasian marsh harriers circus aeruginosus during autumnal migration in eastern poland.the study deals with characteristics of behaviour, individual roost sites selections used by eurasian marsh harrier (circus aeruginosus) during autumnal migrations on the first known communal roost in poland over the years 2003-2005. eurasian marsh harriers communal roosts contained from 1 to 23 individuals which were spend nights in: reed beds (phragmites australis), purple moor grasses molinia cearulea, small reeds (calamagrostis sp.), sedges (carex sp.) thistles (cirsium sp.). adult birds wer ...200719069855
[population expansion of spartina alterniflora and phragmites australis at jiuduansha, shanghai based on cellular automata model].based on the field survey and the interpretation and analysis of satellite images about the population expansion patterns of spartina alterniflora and phragmites australis at jiuduansha shoals in 1997-2004, and combined with 3s techniques, a cellular automata (ca) model was built to simulate the population dynamics of plants adaptable to salt marsh. the results showed that the model could well simulate the population expansion pattern and trend of s. alterniflora and p. australis at jiuduansha, ...200718333459
salt tolerance and osmotic adjustment of spartina alterniflora (poaceae) and the invasive m haplotype of phragmites australis (poaceae) along a salinity gradient.an invasive variety of phragmites australis (poaceae, common reed), the m haplotype, has been implicated in the spread of this species into north american salt marshes that are normally dominated by the salt marsh grass spartina alterniflora (poaceae, smooth cordgrass). in some european marshes, on the other hand, spartina spp. derived from s. alterniflora have spread into brackish p. australis marshes. in both cases, the non-native grass is thought to degrade the habitat value of the marsh for ...200621642124
rhizome phyllosphere oxygenation in phragmites and other species in relation to redox potential, convective gas flow, submergence and aeration pathways.underground rhizomes of emergent aquatic macrophytes are important for perennation, vegetative spread, competition and anchorage. in four species we examined the potential for the development of oxidized phyllospheres around rhizome apical buds, similar to the protective oxygenated rhizospheres around roots. redox potentials and polarographic measurements of radial oxygen loss were recorded using platinum cathodes around the apical buds. the aeration pathway from atmosphere to phyllosphere was i ...200617096797
phytoremediation of selenium using subsurface-flow constructed wetland.the potential of two plant species, phragmites australis (common reed) and typha latifolia (cattail), in the phytoremediation process of selenium (se) was studied in subsurface-flow constructed wetland (ssf). se was supplemented continuously at a concentration of 100 microg se l(-1) in the inlet of the cultivation beds of the ssf. water samples collected from the outlet of the phragmites bed after 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 wk of treatments showed that se content was under detectable limits. water sampl ...200617120524
effects of plants on the removal of hexavalent chromium in wetland sediments.the effect of two wetland plants, typha latifolia l. (cattail) and phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steud (common reed), on the fate of cr(vi) in wetland sediments was investigated using greenhouse bench-scale microcosm experiments. the removal of cr(vi) was monitored based on the vertical profiles of aqueous cr(vi) in the sediments. the cr(vi) removal rates were estimated taking into account plant transpiration, which was found to significantly concentrate dissolved species in the sediments ...200616397109
accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steudel and bolboschoenus maritimus (l.) palla in a constructed wetland of the venice lagoon watershed.a recently constructed wetland, located in the venice lagoon watershed, was monitored to investigate growth dynamics, nutrient and heavy metal shoot accumulation of the two dominating macrophytes: phragmites australis and bolboschoenus maritimus. investigations were conducted over a vegetative season at three locations with different distance to the inlet point to assess effects on vegetation. the distance from the inlet did not affect either shoot biomass or nutrients (n, p, k and na) and heavy ...200616574288
influences of wetland plants on weathered acidic mine tailings.establishment of carex rostrata, eriophorum angustifolium and phragmites australis on weathered, acidic mine tailings (ph approximately 3) and their effect on ph in tailings were investigated in a field experiment. the amendments, sewage sludge and an ashes-sewage sludge mixture, were used as plant nutrition and their influence on the metal and as concentrations of plant shoots was analysed. an additional experiment was performed in greenhouse with e. angustifolium and sewage sludge as amendment ...200616584823
arthropod food web restoration following removal of an invasive wetland plant.restoration of habitats impacted by invasive plants is becoming an increasingly important tool in the management of native biodiversity, though most studies do not go beyond monitoring the abundance of particular taxonomic groups, such as the return of native vegetation. yet, the reestablishment of trophic interactions among organisms in restored habitats is equally important if we are to monitor and understand how ecosystems recover. this study examined whether food web interactions among arthr ...200616711049
lead and zinc accumulation and tolerance in populations of six wetland plants.wetland plants such as typha latifolia and phragmites australis have been indicated to show a lack of evolution of metal tolerance in metal-contaminated populations. the aim of the present study is to verify whether other common wetland plants such as alternanthera philoxeroides and beckmannia syzigachne, also possess the same characteristics. lead and zinc tolerances in populations of six species collected from contaminated and clean sites were examined by hydroponics. in general, the contamina ...200616214279
on the induction of volatile organic compound emissions by plants as consequence of wounding or fluctuations of light and temperature.among the volatile organic compounds (vocs) emitted by plants, some are characteristic of stress conditions, but their biosynthesis and the metabolic and environmental control over the emission are still unclear. we performed experiments to clarify whether (1) the emission following wounding can occur at distance from the wounding site, from voc pools subjected to metabolic signals; and (2) the emission of biogenic vocs generated by membrane damage (e.g. consequent to wounding or ozone exposure) ...200616913871
extra-intestinal localization of goussia sp. (apicomplexa) oocysts in rana dalmatina (anura: ranidae), and the fate of infection after metamorphosis.although coccidia of the genus goussia are common parasites of fish, only 2 species have been described in amphibians: g. hyperolisi from common reed frogs hyperolius viridiflavus from kenya and g. neglecta from unspecified european water frogs of the genus rana from germany. the genus goussia is characterized by an oocyst, with a fine oocyst wall, containing 4 dizoic sporocysts that are composed of 2 valves joined by a longitudinal suture and lacking a stieda body (typical for the genus eimeria ...200616903235
pythium litorale sp. nov., a new species from the littoral of lake constance, germany.a description is given of pythium litorale sp. nov., a new species from reed stands in germany. pythium litorale was among the most abundant species when the oomycete community of littoral soils of lake constance was studied. it was consistently isolated from flooded as well as from drier reed sites. the species is characterized by subglobose, papillate and internally proliferating sporangia, globose hyphal swellings, the absence of oogonia in single culture and a high optimum growth temperature ...200616436067
pythium phragmitis sp. nov., a new species close to p. arrhenomanes as a pathogen of common reed (phragmites australis).during a study on the occurrence and pathogenicity of oomycetes in the reed-belt (phragmites australis) of lake constance (germany), a new pythium resembling the important cereal pathogen species complex p. arrhenomanes/p. graminicola was consistently isolated from necrotic mature reed leaves and reed rhizosphere samples. the new species proved to be significantly more aggressive towards reed leaves and seedlings in vitro than related species. it is characterised by filamentous, inflated sporang ...200516353634
effect of design parameters in horizontal flow constructed wetland on the behaviour of volatile fatty acids and volatile alkylsulfides.a pilot-scale horizontal flow constructed wetland (hfcw) system planted with common reed (phragmites sp.) was constructed to study how hydraulic loading rate (hlr), aspect ratio, water depth, and granular medium affect to the fate of several organic matter degradation intermediates namely, acetic acid (hac), isovaleric acid (isoval), and dimethylsulfide (dms). anova statistical analysis performed on the data set of 8 months of operation shows that the hlr and the water depth are two major factor ...200515811405
use of microbial community to evaluate performance of a wetland system in treating pb/zn mine drainage.the performance of a wetland system in treating lead (pb)/zinc (zn) mine drainage was evaluated by using the polyurethane foam unit (pfu) microbial community (method), which has been adopted by china as a standardized procedure for monitoring water quality. the wetland system consisted of four cells with three dominant plants: typha latifolia, phragmites australis and paspalum distichum. physicochemical characteristics [ph, ec, content of total suspended solid (tss) and metals (pb, zn, cd, and c ...200516215655
plant growth-promoting bacteria facilitate the growth of the common reed phragmites australisin the presence of copper or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.to test whether plant growth-promoting bacteria might be useful in facilitating the growth of phragmites australis, the common reed, in the presence of metals and organic compounds, p. australis seeds were treated with plant growth-promoting bacteria. the bacterium pseudomonas asplenii ac was genetically transformed to express a bacterial gene encoding the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, and both the native and transformed bacteria were tested in conjunction with p. australis ...200516328627
low persistence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis spores in four mosquito biotopes of a salt marsh in southern france.we studied the persistence of bacillus thuringiensis serovar israelensis (bti) in a typical breeding site of the mosquito ochlerotatus caspius in a particularly sensitive salt marsh ecosystem following two bti-based larvicidal applications (vectobac 12as, 1.95 l/ha). the treated area was composed of four larval biotopes that differed in terms of the most representative plant species (sarcocornia fruticosa, bolboschoenus maritimus, phragmites australis, and juncus maritimus) and the physical and ...200516328650
isolation and characterization of polymeric galloyl-ester-degrading bacteria from a tannery discharge place.the culturable bacteria colonizing the rhizosphere of plants growing in the area of discharge of a tannery effluent were characterized. relative proportions of aerobic, denitrifying, and sulfate-reducing bacteria were determined in the rhizosphere of typha latifolia, canna indica, and phragmites australis. aerobic bacteria were observed to be the most abundant group in the rhizosphere, and plant type did not seem to influence the abundance of the bacterial types analyzed. to isolate bacteria abl ...200516341641
degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by selected helophytes.four emergent plants (helophytes, synonyms emersion macrophytes, marsh plants, etc.) phragmites australis, juncus glaucus, carex gracillis and typha latifolia were successfully used for degradation of tnt (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene) under in vitro conditions. the plants took up and transformed more than 90% of tnt from the medium within ten days of cultivation. the most efficient species was ph. australis which took up 98% of tnt within ten days. the first stable degradation products 4-amino-2,6-din ...200516054915
stimulation of pyrene mineralization in freshwater sediments by bacterial and plant bioaugmentation.as a means to study the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) in freshwater sediments, pyrene mineralization was examined in microcosms spiked with [14c]pyrene. some microcosms were planted with reeds (phragmites australis) and/or inoculated with a pyrene-degrading strain, mycobacterium sp. 6py1. mineralization rates recorded over a 61 d period showed that reeds promoted a significant enhancement of pyrene degradation, which possibly resulted from a root-mediated increase of oxygen dif ...200516124309
diversity of alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant bacteria cultivated from decomposing reed rhizomes in a hungarian soda lake.bacterial communities associated with decomposing rhizomes of phragmites australis were investigated in lake ferto (neusiedlersee, hungary). alkaliphilic and alkalitolerant strains were isolated on cellulose-containing alkaline medium spread with dilutions of scrapings taken from the surface of the decaying plant material. fifty-one strains were grouped by numerical analysis based on physiological tests and biolog sole carbon source utilization data. the strains identified by 16s rdna sequence c ...200516132425
o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase activity in phragmites and typha plants under cadmium and nacl stress conditions and the involvement of aba in the stress response.the roles of o-acetylserine (thiol) lyase (oastl, ec 4.2.99.8) and abscisic (aba) acid in stress responses to nacl and cadmium treatments were investigated in typha latifolia l. and phragmites australis (cav.) trin. ex steudel plants. oastl activity increased under stress (25-300 microm cd, 100mm nacl, 1 microm aba) in both typha and phragmites mainly in roots, contributing substantially to satisfy the higher demand of cysteine for adaptation and protection. the earliest significant responses in ...200516146312
screening the wetland plant species alisma plantago-aquatica, carex rostrata and phalaris arundinacea for innate tolerance to zinc and comparison with eriophorum angustifolium and festuca rubra merlin.several wetland plant species appear to have constitutive metal tolerance. in previous studies, populations from contaminated and non-contaminated sites of the wetland plants typha latifolia, phragmites australis, glyceria fluitans and eriophorum angustifolium were found to be tolerant to high concentrations of metals. this study screened three other species of wetland plants: alisma plantago-aquatica, carex rostrata and phalaris arundinacea for innate tolerance to zinc. the degree of tolerance ...200515589661
nutrient removal through autumn harvest of phragmites australis and thypha latifolia shoots in relation to nutrient loading in a wetland system used for polishing sewage treatment plant effluent.the efficacy and feasibility of annual harvesting of phragmites australis and typha latifolia shoots in autumn for nutrient removal was evaluated in a wetland system used for polishing sewage treatment plant (stp) effluent. aboveground biomass and nutrient dynamics nutrient removal through harvest were studied in parallel ditches with stands of phragmites or typha that were mown in october during two successive years. the inflow rate of stp effluent to the ditches was experimentally varied, resu ...200515921271
metal uptake, transport and release by wetland plants: implications for phytoremediation and restoration.marshes have been proposed as sites for phytoremediation of metals. the fate of metals within plant tissues is a critical issue for effectiveness of this process. in this paper we review studies that investigate the effects of plants on metals in wetlands. while most of these marsh plant species are similar in metal uptake patterns and in concentrating metals primarily in roots, some species retain more of their metal burden in below ground structures than other species, which redistribute a gre ...200415051245
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