| the use of a mimic to detect polymerase chain reaction-inhibitory factors in feces examined for the presence of lawsonia intracellularis. | lawsonia intracellularis is an intracellular organism that causes proliferative enteritis in pigs. this bacterium is difficult to culture, and antemortem demonstration of the microbe is therefore often performed on fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). polymerase chain reaction is sensitive and specific, but inhibitory factors in feces might cause false-negative results. this article describes the construction and use of an internal standard, a mimic. the mimic is amplified by the sa ... | 2003 | 12735349 |
| neither hippurate-negative brachyspira pilosicoli nor brachyspira pilosicoli type strain caused diarrhoea in early-weaned pigs by experimental infection. | a hippurate-negative biovariant of brachyspira pilosicoli (b. pilosicolihipp-) is occasionally isolated in diarrhoeic pigs in finland, often concomitantly with hippurate-positive b. pilosicoli or lawsonia intracellularis. we studied pathogenicity of b. pilosicolihipp- with special attention paid to avoiding co-infection with other enteric pathogens. pigs were weaned and moved to barrier facilities at the age of 11 days. at 46 days, 8 pigs were inoculated with b. pilosicolihipp- strain br1622, 8 ... | 2005 | 16398337 |
| seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in large pig production units. | in 11 'farrow-to-finish' outdoor or indoor production units, blood samples from late pregnant gilts were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) serum assay for lawsonia intracellularis. the offspring of positively tested gilts were tested at 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27 weeks of age for seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis. all offspring of ifa positive gilts were seronegative at 2 and 7 weeks of age. at 12 weeks of age 81.0% of indoor and 51.0% of outdoor pigs were tested positiv ... | 2003 | 12737043 |
| reproductive performance of gilts following an outbreak of acute proliferative enteropathy due to lawsonia intracellularis. | after a sudden outbreak of clinical porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe) in a croatian indoor breeding unit, the farm experienced decreased reproductive performance of lawsonia intracellularis positive gilts. conception-, farrowing-, and adjusted farrowing rates were lower (p<0.001) in gilts with positive l. intracellularis status. the number of live born and the total born litter size were significantly lower (p<0.001) in l. intracellularis positive gilts compared to seronegative ones. no di ... | 2005 | 15961333 |
| the comparative importance of e. coli antigen in granulomatous colitis of boxer dogs. | granulomatous colitis of boxer dogs is characterized by mucosal and submucosal infiltration by abundant large macrophages and lymphocytes and plasma cells. involved intestine is thickened, corrugated and ulcerated. the macrophages that occur in colon, cecum and regional lymph nodes are pas-positive, lipid-rich, contain cholesterol, and some of the time can be seen to hold bacteria. paraffin tissue blocks of formalin-fixed colon and colic lymph nodes from 10 cases were cut at 5 microm and immunos ... | 2005 | 15996159 |
| cytologic diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis proliferative ileitis in a japanese snow macaque (macaca fuscata). | diffuse ileal thickening and ileocecocolic lymphadenomegaly were observed during exploratory laparotomy in a 2-year-old male japanese snow macaque (macaca fuscata) that had flu-like signs and diarrhea. cytologic examination of ileal biopsy imprints revealed many mature, mildly karyolytic neutrophils and fewer well-differentiated lymphocytes, eosinophils, macrophages, and plasma cells in a background containing amorphous, necrotic material. tightly cohesive sheets of moderately pleomorphic epithe ... | 2005 | 15732020 |
| the european ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health. | following the ban of all food animal growth-promoting antibiotics by sweden in 1986, the european union banned avoparcin in 1997 and bacitracin, spiramycin, tylosin and virginiamycin in 1999. three years later, the only attributable effect in humans has been a diminution in acquired resistance in enterococci isolated from human faecal carriers. there has been an increase in human infection from vancomycin-resistant enterococci in europe, probably related to the increased in usage of vancomycin f ... | 2003 | 12837737 |
| measurement of the viability of lawsonia intracellularis. | the objective of this study was to develop and test both a flow cytometry method (fcm) and a direct count method (dcm) that both use fluorescent stains to determine the viability of lawsonia intracellularis (li), an obligate intracellular bacterium and the cause of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in pigs and other animal species. live li were passaged in cell culture and harvested from infected mccoy cells. dead li were prepared by exposing live li to 70% isopropyl alcohol for 30 min. seven sampl ... | 2005 | 16479724 |
| infection dynamics of lawsonia intracellularis in pig herds. | little information is known about the natural course and within-herd prevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. the objective of the study was to investigate the within-herd dynamics of naturally acquired l. intracellularis infection in pigs from weaning to slaughter. the study was designed as a longitudinal survey where 100 pigs from five herds were randomly selected at weaning (approximately 4 weeks of age). every second week until slaughter (10-12 time ... | 2004 | 15564028 |
| lawsonia intracellularis in wild mammals in the slovak carpathians. | feces of wild mammals were collected in the bukovské vrchy hills (north-eastern slovakia) in january and february 2002. the feces were examined for lawsonia intracellularis by means of nested polymerase chain reaction. a total of 194 samples of feces from red deer (cervus elaphus), 46 samples from roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 31 samples from red fox (vulpes vulpes), 23 samples from gray wolf (canis lupus), and 12 samples from brown hare (lepus europaeus) were examined. lawsonia intracellulari ... | 2003 | 12910769 |
| [distribution of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and lawsonia intracellularis in healthy and diarrhoeic pigs]. | although brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae and lawsonia (l.) intracellularis are widely distributed in pigs in germany, there exists limited information on their clinical relevance. to get more insight into their potential role in swine diarrhoeal disease, in 2002 and 2003 faecal specimens from healthy pigs (n=1445) as well as from diarrhoeic pigs (n=2002) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of both agents. of the specimens from healthy pigs l. intracellularis and b. hy ... | 2004 | 15584431 |
| preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis. | proliferative enteropathy is an intestinal infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis. immunohistochemistry staining has superior sensitivity over hematoxylin and eosin and silver staining for detecting l. intracellularis in histological sections. a l. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) produced in the uk (ig4 mab) has been described in the literature. however, no monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are commercially available. there ... | 2003 | 14535543 |
| [diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in pigs with and without diarrhea and other animal species]. | lawsonia (l.) intracellularis, an obligately intracellular bacterium, causes proliferative enteropathy (pe) in swine and, occasionally, in other animals. to determine the spread of the agent among german pig herds pooled fecal samples of five animals each of clinically normal hessian pig herds collected between november 1998 and february 1999 as well as feces (n = 1684) from individual animals representing 648 herds, sent to our laboratory by veterinarians from all parts of germany, were tested ... | 2003 | 14560442 |
| relationship between the severity of porcine proliferative enteropathy and the infectious dose of lawsonia intracellularis. | | 2003 | 14582733 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis in diagnostic specimens by one-step pcr. | lawsonia intracellularis is not culturable with a standard bacteriologic culture. one step pcr assay as a clinical diagnostic method was developed for the rapid detection of porcine proliferative enteritis (ppe) caused by l. intracellularis. primers were designed based on the p78 dna clone of l. intracellularis. the one step pcr resulted in the formation of a specific 210-bp dna product derived from l. intracellularis. the nonspecific amplification product was not detected with swine genomic dna ... | 2000 | 14612618 |
| evaluation of protective immunity in pigs following oral administration of an avirulent live vaccine of lawsonia intracellularis. | to evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered avirulent live vaccine to protect pigs against challenge exposure with virulent lawsonia intracellularis. | 2004 | 15141873 |
| simultaneous detection of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. in swine intestinal specimens by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex pcr assay was developed for the simultaneous detection of the etiologic agents associated with porcine proliferative enteropathies (ppe), swine dysentery (sd) and porcine salmonellosis (ps) in a single reaction using dna from swine intestinal samples. single and multiplex pcr amplification of dna from lawsonia intracellularis, salmonella typhimurium and brachyspira hyodysenteriae with each primer set produced fragments of the predicted size without any nonspecific amplification, 210- ... | 2005 | 16131827 |
| amplification and sequencing of brachyspira spp. specific portions of nox using paraffin-embedded tissue samples from clinical colitis in austrian pigs shows frequent solitary presence of brachyspiramurdochii. | brachyspira infections are significant causes of enterocolitis in pigs. in order to differentiate pathogenic species (brachyspira (br.) hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli) from less pathogenic or non-pathogenic species (brachyspira intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira murdochii) in paraffin-embedded tissue samples a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol allowing identification of brachyspira at species level in archival material was developed. this approach was complemented by se ... | 2005 | 16213113 |
| the prevalences of brachyspira spp. and lawsonia intracellularis in swedish piglet producing herds and wild boar population. | the aim of the present study was to survey the prevalences of the enteric pathogens brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in swedish growing pigs and in the swedish wild boar population and to relate these findings to clinical signs. the study included 105 randomly selected herds, constituting approximately one third of swedish herds with a herd size of >100 sows. the herds were located all over the country. in these herds, growth promoters were not used ... | 2005 | 16283917 |
| experimental reproduction of proliferative enteropathy and the role of ifn-gamma in protective immunity against lawsonia intracellularis in mice. | proliferative enteropathy was reproduced in ifn-gamma receptor knockout (ifn-gamma r-) mice by experimental infection with lawsonia intracellularis (l. intracellularis). the cecum and the colon of the infected mice were evidently enlarged 2 weeks post infection. the presence of l. intracellularis was identified in the stool and the cecum of the mice after infection. however, high levels of ifn-gamma were detected in the sera of the infected mice 2 weeks pi. these data indicated that the ifn-gamm ... | 2005 | 16294002 |
| lawsonia intracellularis infection in a 12-month-old colt in belgium. | | 2005 | 16339981 |
| survey on the occurrence of brachyspira species and lawsonia intracellularis in children living on pig farms. | the occurrence of brachyspira species and lawsonia intracellularis was investigated by pcr analyses of faeces from 60 children living on european pig farms. in addition, 60 other children were included as controls. two samples were positive for b. aalborgi but b. pilosicoli and l. intracellularis were not demonstrated. | 2007 | 17134531 |
| postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome--pmws. the first year with the disease in sweden. | postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) is causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) infection of pigs. pcv2 has been present in the swedish pig population for at least ten years. despite this, no signs of pmws were observed in pigs of sweden until 2003. since then the disease has spread slowly in sweden. the pig population of sweden is geographically isolated, the density of pigs and the pathogen load in the country is low and the trade of animals is organised in a res ... | 2004 | 15663213 |
| progressive proliferative and dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging syrian hamsters naturally infected with helicobacter spp.: a spontaneous model of inflammatory bowel disease. | helicobacter spp. have been implicated in a variety of gastrointestinal tract diseases, including peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd), in humans and animals. although most models of ibd are experimentally induced, spontaneous or natural models of ibd are rare. herein, we describe a long-term study of chronic, progressive lesions that develop in the distal portion of the large bowel of unmanipulated syrian hamsters naturally infected with helicobacter spp. t ... | 2006 | 16407482 |
| lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy in a filly. | proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is a disease of high economic impact in swine worldwide. in most other species the disease occurs as a sporadic infection. this paper reports a pe caused by l. intracellularis in a 9-month-old pura raza española filly with a history of profuse diarrhoea. pathological lesions consisted of a severe proliferative enteritis associated with argyrophilic bacteria in the apical cytoplasm of proliferat ... | 2006 | 16411902 |
| the influence of diet on lawsonia intracellularis colonization in pigs upon experimental challenge. | the objective of this investigation was to study if different feeding strategies influence experimental infections of pigs with lawsonia intracellularis, the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy. in three sequential trials, a total of 144 weaned pigs were fed five different diets all made from a standard diet based on wheat and barley as carbohydrate source and soybean as protein source. the five diets were: a standard diet (fine ground and pelleted), the standard diet fed as fermented l ... | 2004 | 15381264 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis in wild boar and fallow deer bred in one game enclosure in the czech republic. | the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis between wild boar (sus scrofa) and fallow deer (dama dama) bred in one game reserve was investigated using the nested pcr method. in the study, 88 clinically healthy wild boars of different age categories and two fallow deer bagged in the game reserve were examined. lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated in the mucous membrane of the intestine of eight (9.1%) wild boars and one fallow deer. of the nine wild boar whose tissues of corresponding lymph n ... | 2006 | 16460355 |
| development of a multiplex-pcr for rapid detection of the enteric pathogens lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, and brachyspira pilosicoli in porcine faeces. | to develop an assay to simultaneously detect lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and brachyspira pilosicoli in pig faeces. | 2006 | 16478518 |
| proliferative enteropathy: a global enteric disease of pigs caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | proliferative enteropathy (pe; ileitis) is a common intestinal disease affecting susceptible pigs raised under various management systems around the world. major developments in the understanding of pe and its causative agent, lawsonia intracellularis, have occurred that have led to advances in the detection of this disease and methods to control and prevent it. diagnostic tools that have improved overall detection and early onset of pe in pigs include various serological and molecular-based ass ... | 2005 | 16583781 |
| polymorphisms in equine immune response genes and their associations with infections. | polymorphic markers identified in the horse genes encoding the interleukin 12 p40 subunit, interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were identified and tested, along with additional markers, for associations with two important horse infections: rhodococcus equi and lawsonia intracellularis. eight immune response-related and 14 microsatellite loci covering 12 out of 31 equine autosomes were used for the association analysis. markers located on horse ... | 2004 | 15520887 |
| a lawsonia intracellularis transmission study using a pure culture inoculated seeder-pig sentinel model. | transmission of lawsonia intracellularis from experimentally inoculated pigs to naive swine was demonstrated in this study. the study was conducted using conventional pigs divided into three groups as follows: principles inoculated with l. intracellularis, sentinels, and controls. the pigs were inoculated and paired on 13 and 9 days post-inoculation with a sentinel pig for 7 days. fecal samples and serum samples were collected throughout the study for polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and antibody ... | 2004 | 15530742 |
| proliferative enteritis associated with lawsonia intracellularis in a japanese macaque (macaca fuscata). | a 2.5-yr-old, intact male japanese macaque (macaca fuscata) was observed to have a thickened ileum during exploratory laparotomy. lawsonia intracellularis-associated proliferative enteritis was diagnosed using histopathology (warthin-starry stain), immunohistochemistry, and polymerase chain reaction analysis of the ileal biopsy. the animal developed transient diarrhea and severe hypoproteinemia 16 days after surgery but recovered with intensive treatment using azithromycin. given the fact that v ... | 2004 | 15732600 |
| effects of oral vaccination against lawsonia intracellularis on growing-finishing pig's performance in a pig production unit with endemic porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe). | the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of oral vaccination against lawsonia intracellularis (li) on growing-finishing pig's performance. in a large hungarian growing-finishing pig production unit, pigs with positive li status were randomly divided into 2 groups and treated as follows: group one: growing pigs (n = 4112) were li vaccinated with an avirulent oral live vaccine (enterisol ileitis boehringer ingelheim vetmedica, inc., st. joseph, usa). group two: growing pigs (n = 418 ... | 2006 | 16856610 |
| diagnostic and epidemiological features of lawsonia intracellularis enteropathy in 2 foals. | two clinical cases of equine proliferative enteropathy are described. both foals had a positive fecal polymerase chain reaction, but shedding of the bacterium stopped <4 days after therapy was initiated. one foal was serologically positive 3 days after onset of clinical signs and remained positive for more than 6 months. | 2006 | 16898113 |
| human inflammatory bowel disease does not associate with lawsonia intracellularis infection. | there is increasing evidence that bacterial infection of the intestinal mucosa may contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (ibd). in pigs, an obligate intracellular bacterium, lawsonia intracellularis (li), was shown to cause proliferative enteropathy (pe) of which some forms display histological and clinical similarities to human ibd. since li-similar desulfovibrio spp. may infect human cells, we hypothesized that li might be associated with the development of human ibd. | 2006 | 16984651 |
| prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella in swine herds. | the prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. were investigated by multiplex pcr using fecal samples of pigs with diarrhea or a history of diarrhea. the overall herd prevalence of l. intracellularis, b. hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. were 46.5%, 37.2% and 51.1%, respectively. also, the prevalence of l. intracellularis, b. hyodysenteriae and salmonella spp. among all sampled pigs were 19.9%, 10.8% and 17.7%, respectively. seventeen of 43 herds were ... | 2005 | 16293991 |
| distinction between porcine circovirus type 2 enteritis and porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | the presence of porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was studied immunohistochemically in formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded samples of intestinal tissue from 80 pigs with a clinical history suggestive of lawsonia intracellularis-associated diarrhoea. histopathologically, enteritis of varying intensity was diagnosed in 64 of the pigs. of these 64 animals, 34 (18%) were infected with both pcv2 and l. intracellularis. of the remaining 30 cases of enteritis, 23 (77%) were attributed to pcv2 infectio ... | 2006 | 17070535 |
| re-challenge of pigs following recovery from proliferative enteropathy. | an experimental challenge model was developed to demonstrate lawsonia intracellularis colonization and reproduction of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in naïve weaner pigs. groups of pigs were orally dosed with between 10(10) and 10(5)l. intracellularis extracted from haemorrhagic pe affected mucosa. pigs were monitored for clinical signs and intestinal lesions of pe and evidence of bacterial colonization by serology and faecal polymerase chain reaction (pcr). one group of challenged pigs were ne ... | 2007 | 17188822 |
| isolation of lawsonia intracellularis specific single-chain fv antibody fragments from phage display library. | single-chain antibodies (scfv) exhibiting specific binding to lawsonia intracellularis were isolated from a phagemid library expressing scfvs molecules on the surface of filamentous bacteriophages. for scfv selection whole bacterial cells were used and individual clones were tested in elisa test. the total of seven unique clones with different fingerprint profiles was isolated. all clones were able to bind specifically in immunofluorescence assay. this is the first report of species specific rec ... | 2007 | 17198717 |
| epidemiological survey on farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy due to lawsonia intracellularis. | | 2008 | 18677000 |
| survey of the large-animal diplomates of the american college of veterinary internal medicine regarding knowledge and clinical use of polymerase chain reaction: implications for veterinary education. | a questionnaire was developed to document the knowledge base of large-animal diplomates of the american college of veterinary internal medicine (acvim) regarding polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and to identify the common use of this technology in equine practice. ninety-three of the 278 mailed questionnaires were returned, for an overall response rate of 33.4%. ninety respondents (99%) reported being familiar with the general principles of nucleic acid probe technology; however, only ... | 2006 | 17220506 |
| tetracycline therapy of lawsonia intracellularis enteropathy in foals. | | 2006 | 16411593 |
| lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy in a foal. | a weanling foal was diagnosed with proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis based on history, clinical findings of depression, anorexia, weight loss, colic, diarrhea, and ventral edema, and a combination of serology and fecal pcr. an epidemiological investigation on the premises revealed that many of the other foals and adult horses were seropositive for l. intracellularis, despite being clinically normal, and identified a dog as a potential carrier and source of infection fo ... | 2007 | 17410971 |
| first experience on the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy in growing pigs. | this trial's aim was to evaluate the effect of in-feed lincomycin for the control of proliferative enteropathy (pe; also known as ileitis) in growing pigs, in which it is associated with significant morbidity levels. investigation regarding the efficacy of this substance in growing pigs has never been carried out before in a field trial. the trial farm had a previous history of pe outbreaks. on day 1 of the trial (age of 62 +/- 1.5 days), 240 pigs were divided into two groups of 120 pigs/group w ... | 2006 | 16533333 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity against 10 north american and european lawsonia intracellularis isolates. | the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of antimicrobials against 10 isolates of lawsonia intracellularis, the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathy (pe). antimicrobials tested included carbadox, chlortetracycline, lincomycin, tiamulin, tylosin and valnemulin. the mic of each antimicrobial against l. intracellularis was determined using a tissue culture system and was identified as the lowest concentration that inhibited 99% of l. ... | 2009 | 18823723 |
| evaluation of porcine ileum models of enterocyte infection by lawsonia intracellularis. | the early interaction of lawsonia intracellularis with host cells was examined with the use of porcine ileum models. two conventional swine were anesthetized, and ligated ileum loops were prepared during abdominal surgery. the loops were inoculated with 108 l. intracellularis or saline. after 60 min, samples of each loop were processed for routine histologic and electron microscopic study. histologic and ultrathin sections of all the loops appeared normal, with no apposition of bacteria and host ... | 2006 | 16639950 |
| lawsonia intracellularis infection in the large intestines of pigs. | in this study we examined the proliferative enteropathy, caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, in colon of naturally infected pigs, using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridisation and scanning confocal laser microscopy. when 396 pigs submitted for routine laboratory examination were investigated, large intestinal gross lesions were seen in 93, including 74 cases of l. intracellularis colitis (proliferative enteropathy). fifty-one pigs without recorded colonic ... | 2006 | 16689824 |
| isolation of lawsonia intracellularis in korea and reproduction of proliferative enteropathy in pigs and hamsters. | lawsonia intracellularis (l. intracellularis) was isolated from a korean pig suffering acute proliferative enteropathy. in vitro culture conditions of l. intracellularis were established in mccoy cells. pigs and hamsters experimentally infected with the pure culture of l. intracellularis reproduced clinical signs and intestinal lesions of proliferative enteropathy. the presence of l. intracellularis in the intestinal lesions was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with l. intracellularis-specific ... | 2006 | 16757895 |
| effect of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles on the ability of growing pigs to resist a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. | an experiment was conducted to determine if including distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs) in the diet of growing pigs reduces the incidence or severity of infection after a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. eighty 17-d-old weaned pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and bw and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatment groups: negative control (nc), unchallenged, corn-soy diet; positive control (pc), challenged, corn-soy diet; 10% ddgs diet (10d), challenged; and 20% ddgs diet (20d), challe ... | 2006 | 16775070 |
| effect of including distillers dried grains with solubles in the diet, with or without antimicrobial regimen, on the ability of growing pigs to resist a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. | a disease challenge experiment was conducted to determine if including 10% dried distillers grains with solubles (ddgs) in the diet, with or without antimicrobial supplementation, reduces the incidence or severity, or both, of intestinal lesions in growing pigs after an lawsonia intracellularis challenge. one hundred 17-d-old weaned pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and bw and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups: negative control, unchallenged, corn-soy diet; positive control, challen ... | 2006 | 16775071 |
| in vitro cultivation and partial characterization of lawsonia intracellularis from a japanese field case of porcine proliferative enteropathy. | lawsonia intracellularis isolated from a japanese field case of porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe) was cultivated and partially characterized. the bacterial cells isolated from the intestinal mucosa of a pig suffering from the acute form of ppe were used to inoculate rat small intestine cells (iec-18) and human epithelial cells (hep-2). infected foci, which were stained with l. intracellularis-specific rabbit antiserum, were observed in the cell culture at 5 days post inoculation. the dna s ... | 2006 | 16820719 |
| distribution and chemical coding of intramural neurons in the porcine ileum during proliferative enteropathy. | enteric neurons are highly adaptive in their response to various pathological processes including inflammation, so the aim of this study was to describe the chemical coding of neurons in the ileal intramural ganglia in porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe). accordingly, juvenile large white polish pigs with clinically diagnosed lawsonia intracellularis infection (ppe; n=3) and a group of uninfected controls (c; n=3) were studied. ileal tissue from each animal was processed for dual-labelling i ... | 2008 | 18061202 |
| development and validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy. | the objective of this study was to develop an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a sonicated pure culture of lawsonia intracellularis as the antigen (so-elisa). a total of 332 serum samples, consisting of 232 experimentally infected animals and 100 animals naturally infected with l. intracellularis, were used to assess the diagnostic sensitivity. three hundred and fifty-five sera from uninfected animals were used to determine the diagnostic specificity. the receiver operati ... | 2008 | 18319429 |
| proliferative enteropathy involving lawsonia intracellularis infection in rabbits (oryctlagus cuniculus). | five rabbits suffering from diarrhea were diagnosed with proliferative enteropathy (pe). histopathology revealed a thickened mucosa consisting of hyperplastic intestinal epithelium and infiltration of inflammatory cells mainly consisted of macrophages. in the affected epithelial cytoplasm, numerous curved bacillus-like organisms were observed in the warthin-starry silver stain and electron microscopy observation. in polymerase chain reactions, lawsonia intracellularis-specific dna fragment were ... | 2008 | 18460834 |
| infection of different strains of mice with lawsonia intracellularis derived from rabbit or porcine proliferative enteropathy. | this report describes intestinal lesions in five strains of mice infected orally with lawsonia intracellularis-infected tissue homogenates from rabbits or pigs (rli and pli). balb/ca, c3h/hej, c57bl/6j and icr mice were susceptible to infection with rli, whereas only c3h/hej, c57bl/6j and icr strains were susceptible to pli. in susceptible mice, crypt epithelial hyperplasia occurred in association with an inflammatory reaction, as in proliferative enteropathy (pe) in other species. the intestina ... | 2008 | 18479698 |
| lawsonia intracellularis contains a gene encoding a functional rickettsia-like atp/adp translocase for host exploitation. | atp/adp translocases are a hallmark of obligate intracellular pathogens related to chlamydiae and rickettsiae. these proteins catalyze the highly specific exchange of bacterial adp against host atp and thus allow bacteria to exploit their hosts' energy pool, a process also referred to as energy parasitism. the genome sequence of the obligate intracellular pathogen lawsonia intracellularis (deltaproteobacteria), responsible for one of the most economically important diseases in the swine industry ... | 2008 | 18606736 |
| lawsonia intracellularis in rodents from pig farms with the occurrence of porcine proliferative enteropathy. | lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing proliferative enteropathy in certain species of domestic, laboratory and captive animals. the aim of our study was to detect l. intracellularis in free-living rodents from pig farms in the czech republic. | 2008 | 18673433 |
| lawsonia intracellularis infection in horses: 2005-2007. | lawsonia intracellularis is an emerging equine pathogen that is a cause of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). | 2008 | 18681919 |
| cultivation and characterization of lawsonia intracellularis isolated from rabbit and pig. | lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular pathogenic bacterium that causes proliferative enteropathy in domestic and experimental animals. in this study, we improved the in vitro cultivation method of l. intracellularis to increase the passage efficiency and showed that l. intracellularis isolated from a rabbit and a pig have different antigenic properties. bacteria should be recovered from infected cells before cell death due to infection to obtain higher bacterial passage efficienc ... | 2008 | 18685249 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-1 beta related genes and their associations with infection in the horse. | in previous work, we found significant associations of horse chromosome 15 (eca15) microsatellite markers hmso1 and htg06 with two horse infections, rhodococcus equi and lawsonia intracellularis, respectively. interleukin-1 beta subunit and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist encoding genes (il1b and il1rn) could be considered as candidate genes underlying the associations reported. therefore, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) within three interleukin-1 beta functionally related ... | 2008 | 18817325 |
| seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in different swine populations in 3 provinces in canada. | porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis is an important enteric disease in swine throughout the world. information regarding the distribution of this pathogen in canadian swine herds would be beneficial for the creation of control protocols. pigs from ontario, quebec, and alberta were tested by using an indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to l. intracellularis. pig seroprevalence was calculated as the proportion of pigs positive from total pigs tested in ... | 2007 | 17310623 |
| detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, lawsonia intracellularis and brachyspira pilosicoli in feral pigs. | feral pigs are recognized as being a potential reservoir of pathogenic microorganisms that can infect domestic pigs and other species. the aim of this study was to investigate whether feral pigs in western australia were colonized by the pathogenic enteric bacteria lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae and/or brachyspira pilosicoli. a total of 222 feral pigs from three study-populations were sampled. dna was extracted from faeces or colonic contents and subjected to a previously d ... | 2009 | 18818030 |
| in situ hybridization for lawsonia intracellularis--specific 16s rrna sequence in paraffin-embedded tissue using a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe. | an in situ hybridization (ish) procedure with a digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotide probe for detection of lawsonia intracellularis in paraffin-embedded tissue is described. this technique recognized 71% of pcr-positive cases and was thus superior to warthin-starry silver stain, which only detected 41%. the presented ish is of comparable sensitivity to previously published immunohistochemical assays and is recommended for laboratories wishing to diagnose l. intracellularis infections in tissue s ... | 2007 | 17459858 |
| prevalence of selected enteropathogenic bacteria in hungarian finishing pigs. | the aim of this study was to obtain prevalence estimates about the most important enteropathogenic bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli, salmonella enterica and clostridium perfringens a and c in hungarian farrow-to-finish pig herds. a total of 31 herds were selected, from where six pooled faecal samples, each containing three individual rectal faecal samples were collected from fattening pigs of 5-6 months of age. all 186 samples were examined b ... | 2007 | 17555287 |
| evaluation of the humoral immune response and fecal shedding in weanling foals following oral and intra-rectal administration of an avirulent live vaccine of lawsonia intracellularis. | equine proliferative enteropathy (epe) caused by lawsonia intracellularis has recently been recognized as an emerging disease in foals. whilst the clinical entity, diagnostic evaluation and treatment of affected foals have been well established and described, preventive measures for epe have remained largely unaddressed. the objectives of this study were to investigate the humoral immune response and onset and duration of fecal shedding in foals after oral and intra-rectal administration of a mo ... | 2009 | 18835201 |
| field evaluation of an oral attenuated lawsonia intracellularis vaccine for porcine proliferative enteropathy (ileitis). | | 2007 | 17617542 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis by real-time pcr in the feces of free-living animals from equine farms with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy. | the objective of this study was to determine whether lawsonia intracellularis was present in the feces of free-living animals collected on two equine premises with documented occurrence of equine proliferative enteropathy (epe). fresh feces from black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus, n=100), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis, n=22), feral cats (felis catus, n=14), brewer's blackbirds (euphagus cyanocephalus, n=10), virginian opossums (didelphis virginiana, n=9), raccoons (procyon lotor, n ... | 2008 | 18957657 |
| temporal detection of lawsonia intracellularis using serology and real-time pcr in thoroughbred horses residing on a farm endemic for equine proliferative enteropathy. | the goals of this study were to evaluate titers of antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis in 68 resident broodmares from a farm known to be endemic for equine proliferative enteropathy (epe) and to evaluate maternal antibodies, occurrence of seroconversion and fecal shedding in their foals. serum samples collected from mares at delivery and from foals pre- and post-colostrum ingestion and monthly thereafter were tested for the presence of l. intracellularis antibodies by immunoperoxidase mo ... | 2009 | 19019573 |
| a taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of lawsonia intracellularis in fecal and tissue samples from pigs. | in the present study, a taqman quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay for detecting the 16s ribosomal rna gene of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine native ileal mucosal scrapings, fecal samples, and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (ffpe) ileal samples is described. samples from 62 pigs were examined. the results of the qpcr were compared with results obtained with conventional detection methods (pcr, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and silver staining) from a pre ... | 2010 | 20093686 |
| simultaneous detection of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces and tissue samples by multiplex-pcr. | diarrhoea in growing and finishing pigs is usually caused by infectious agents and laboratory diagnosis is a prerequisite for efficient therapy. cultivation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae or brachyspira pilosicoli and detection of lawsonia intracellularis by means of immunofluorescence tests (ift) are time-consuming and in some cases lack sensitivity. a multiplex-pcr was designed to detect simultaneously these three pathogens in faeces and tissue samples, allowing the differential diagnosis of dy ... | 2007 | 17931231 |
| an outbreak of lawsonia intracellularis infection in a standardbred herd in ontario. | an outbreak of protein-losing enteropathy associated with lawsonia intracelluaris infection was diagnosed in 6 standardbred foals from a farm in ontario. wildlife exposure may have been involved in the perpetuation of disease in this outbreak. the clinical presentation, treatment, outcomes, and pathological findings are described. | 2007 | 17966333 |
| effect of dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles, soybean hulls, or a polyclonal antibody product on the ability of growing pigs to resist a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. | an experiment was conducted to determine if dietary inclusion of distillers dried grains with solubles (ddgs), soybean hulls, or soybean hulls sprayed with an egg-based, polyclonal antibody product would reduce the incidence or severity of infection, or both, in growing pigs after a lawsonia intracellularis challenge. one hundred 17-d-old weaned pigs were blocked by sex, ancestry, and bw, and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatment groups: negative control, unchallenged, corn-soy diet; positive co ... | 2006 | 16775072 |
| oral infection of weanling foals with an equine isolate of lawsonia intracellularis, agent of equine proliferative enteropathy. | equine proliferative enteropathy (epe) is an emerging disease of weanling foals. | 2010 | 20337907 |
| the microbiota of pigs influenced by diet texture and severity of lawsonia intracellularis infection. | pigs with and without naturally occurring lawsonia intracellularis infection were fed diets with different texture. in a previous study from 79 pig herds using a similar feeding on pelleted or non-pelleted form showed that the non-pelleted diet was associated with a reduced prevalence of l. intracellularis. in this study a mechanistic approach was taken for explaining and testing this observation by studying the microbiota and the occurrence of l. intracellularis in the distal ileum of 54 pigs b ... | 2008 | 17996403 |
| codon usages of genes on chromosome, and surprisingly, genes in plasmid are primarily affected by strand-specific mutational biases in lawsonia intracellularis. | in this study, the factors driving genome-wide patterns of codon usages in lawsonia intracellularis genome are determined. for genes on the chromosome of the bacterium, it is found that the most important source of variation results from strand-specific mutational biases. a lesser trend of variation is attributable to genes that are presumed as horizontally transferred. these putative alien genes are unusually gc richer than the other genes, whereas horizontally transferred genes have been obser ... | 2009 | 19221094 |
| microarray analysis of differential expression of cell cycle and cell differentiation genes in cells infected with lawsonia intracellularis. | infection of intestinal crypt epithelial cells by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is directly linked to marked proliferation of the infected enterocytes within 3-5days post-infection. the virulence factor for this unique host cell-proliferative response is not known, but is considered to involve altered crypt cell cycle or differentiation events. mccoy mouse fibroblast cells were infected with l. intracellularis, and then harvested for expressed mrna at daily time p ... | 2010 | 19362500 |
| porcine proliferative enteropathy: an important disease with questions remaining to be solved. | proliferative enteropathy caused by the intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is an endemic disease with high herd prevalences reported worldwide. the infection has a considerable impact on pig production and herd economics and, with the development of new diagnostic techniques, l. intracellularis is being identified in an increasing number of pig herds and a wider range of species. this paper reviews current knowledge of the disease, with a focus on the epidemiology in pigs. the prev ... | 2010 | 19487140 |
| effect of ascaris suum infection on performance of fattening pigs. | scientific investigations of production losses in pigs due to roundworms are rarely conducted in commercial farms, despite the fact that this information is needed to decide whether anthelmintic treatment is cost-effective or not. therefore, the aim of our study was to compare performance in fattening pigs treated or not treated for ascaris suum infections. two danish pig farms producing fatteners and showing a. suum-induced liver white spot prevalences of 10-33% were selected for the study. in ... | 2010 | 20541323 |
| evidence of cell-mediated immune response and specific local mucosal immunoglobulin (ig) a production against lawsonia intracellularis in experimentally infected swine. | the purpose of this study was to detect cell-mediated and local humoral immune responses to lawsonia intracellularis in pigs inoculated with a pure culture of the pathogenic isolate or with an intestinal mucosa homogenate. twenty-four 5-week-old pigs were inoculated with a pure culture of l. intracellularis (n = 10), an intestinal mucosa homogenate from proliferative enteropathy diseased pigs (n = 10), or a control solution (n = 4). all animals were bled 0, 7, 14, and 20 d post-inoculation (pi). ... | 2010 | 20592838 |
| effects of administration of an avirulent live vaccine of lawsonia intracellularis on mares and foals. | | 2009 | 19542553 |
| quantification of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces by real-time pcr. | to develop and to validate a method for the quantification of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine faeces by real-time pcr. | 2009 | 19548889 |
| impaired intestinal absorption of glucose in 4 foals with lawsonia intracellularis infection. | | 2009 | 19566855 |
| expression by lawsonia intracellularis of type iii secretion system components during infection. | contact-dependent secretion systems, such as the type iii secretion system (t3ss), have been shown to play significant roles in the pathogenicity of many gram-negative bacterial pathogens. lawsonia intracellularis is a novel, obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium, which has been identified as the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathies in numerous animal species. analysis of the genome sequence of the l. intracellularis strain phe/mn1-00 has revealed the presence of a t3ss secr ... | 2009 | 19589649 |
| lawsonia intracellularis: humoral immune response and fecal shedding in weanling foals following intra-rectal administration of frozen-thawed or lyophilized avirulent live vaccine. | the humoral immune response and fecal shedding of lawsonia intracellularis was investigated in 20 weanling foals following intra-rectal administration of frozen-thawed or lyophilized avirulent live l. intracellularis vaccine. foals received either 30 ml frozen-thawed or lyophilized vaccine intra-rectally, given twice, 4 weeks apart. serum samples from each foal were collected every 4 weeks for 16 weeks following the first vaccination and tested for anti-l. intracellularis specific igg by immunop ... | 2010 | 19699124 |
| efficacy of intramuscular tylosin for the treatment and control of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | this double-blind study investigated the efficacy of injectable tylosin (tylan 200 injection, elanco animal health, indianapolis, in) for the treatment and control of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis using a mucosal challenge model. intramuscular (im) tylosin was compared with sterile tylosin injection carrier (negative control). im treatments (1 ml/22.5 kg [50 lb body weight; 4 mg/lb body weight]) were administered to two groups of pigs twice daily for 3 cons ... | 2001 | 19753698 |
| chronic hepatitis, hepatic dysplasia, fibrosis, and biliary hyperplasia in hamsters naturally infected with a novel helicobacter classified in the h. bilis cluster. | we recently described helicobacter-associated progressive, proliferative, and dysplastic typhlocolitis in aging (18- to 24-month-old) syrian hamsters. other pathogens associated with typhlocolitis in hamsters, clostridium difficile, lawsonia intracellularis, and giardia spp., were not indentified. the presence of helicobacter genus-specific dna was noted by pcr in cecal and paraffin-embedded liver samples from aged hamsters by the use of helicobacter-specific pcr primers. by 16s rrna analysis, t ... | 2009 | 19759229 |
| use of tylvalosin-medicated feed to control porcine proliferative enteropathy. | the effect of an oral treatment with the tartrate salt of tylvalosin on the development of proliferative enteropathy in 60 experimentally challenged pigs was studied. thirty of the pigs were fed a diet medicated with 50 ppm tylvalosin and 30 were fed the unmedicated diet. the treated animals started to receive the medicated feed the day before they were inoculated, and continued to receive it for 14 days. the pigs' bodyweight, feed consumption and clinical signs were evaluated, and they were exa ... | 2009 | 19767637 |
| faecal shedding and serological cross-sectional study of lawsonia intracellularis in horses in the state of minas gerais, brazil. | reason for performing the study: proliferative enteropathy, caused by the intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, has been described in horses in australia, the usa, canada and european countries but has not been reported in latin america. the prevalence of the disease in horses worldwide is unknown. | 2009 | 19803056 |
| monitoring of lawsonia intracellularis in breeding herd gilts. | in modern pig production, proliferative enteropathy is a common cause of diarrhoea and poor growth in young animals. this study aimed to determine the possible spread of lawsonia intracellularis through the sale of replacement gilts and the possibility to protect the herds by adequate biosecurity measures. this was achieved by repeated sampling of 50 gilts in an infected multiplying herd, from the last day in the farrowing pen and until sale. further, 60 gilts sold from this herd were tested dur ... | 2010 | 19836171 |
| effect of origanum vulgaris and allium sativum extracts for the control of proliferative enteropathy in weaning pigs. | the aim of the present trial was to investigate the efficacy of virbamix pe (virbac sa, france) an appetite enhancer and feed flavouring material containing plant extracts of origanum vulgaris and allium sativum, added to the feed at one single dose in the control of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in weaning pigs, in comparison to reference treatment with tiamulin (tiamutine 6.5 premix/ceva animal health) group and a negative control group. the trial was conducted on a farm with a previous histo ... | 2009 | 19886265 |
| detection of lawsonia intracellularis in formalin-fixed porcine intestinal tissue samples: comparison of immunofluorescence and in-situ hybridization, and evaluation of the effects of controlled autolysis. | two methods, an immunofluorescence assay (ifa; with a lawsonia intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody) and fluorescent in-situ hybridization (fish; with a specific oligonucleotide probe targeting 16s ribosomal rna of the bacterium), were compared for their ability to detect l. intracellularis (the cause of porcine proliferative enteritis [pe]) in formalin-fixed samples of intestinal tissue. of 69 intestinal samples with gross lesions of pe, 63 were positive by both fish and ifa, but six we ... | 2010 | 19909968 |
| flotation-a new method to circumvent pcr inhibitors in the diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis. | the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis causes enteritis and poor growth in weaned pigs. cultivation is difficult and diagnosis ante mortem is mainly based on techniques such as polymerase chain reaction. however, false negative results caused by the presence of pcr-inhibitory factors constitute a problem. this study aimed to develop and evaluate a new technique, flotation, to separate l. intracellularis from inhibitors in faeces prior to pcr. the technique was evaluated by ... | 2009 | 19936108 |
| early pathogenesis in porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. | the intestinal bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, the cause of proliferative enteropathy (pe) in pigs, is believed to infect mitotically active epithelial cells of the intestinal crypts and then multiply and spread in these cells as they divide. further spread of infection is thought to occur by shedding of bacteria from infected crypts followed by infection of new crypts. the early stages of the pathogenesis of pe, from 0 to 48 hours post-infection (hpi), have not been studied in vivo. in the ... | 2010 | 20167332 |
| application of a pig ligated intestinal loop model for early lawsonia intracellularis infection. | porcine proliferative enteropathy in pigs is caused by the obligate, intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis. in vitro studies have shown close bacterium-cell interaction followed by cellular uptake of the bacterium within 3 h post inoculation (pi). however, knowledge of the initial in vivo interaction between porcine intestinal epithelium and the bacterium is limited. the aims of the present study were to evaluate the usefulness of a ligated small intestinal loop model to study l. intr ... | 2010 | 20181246 |
| diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs after vaccination or antimicrobial treatment. | diagnosis of infection with lawsonia (l.) intracellularis, the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, is routinely based on the detection of l. intracellularis in faeces and/or tissue samples by pcr. furthermore, infection can be determined by the detection of antibodies in serum samples. the aim of this comparative study was to examine whether results from molecular biology and serological testing are influenced by applying live bacteria vaccine enterisol ileitis or antimicrobial ... | 2008 | 19024547 |
| comparative evaluation of diagnostic methods for lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs, with emphasis on cases lacking characteristic lesions. | in this study the following methods for the diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis infection in pigs were compared in relation to a reference method (examination of ileal mucosal scrapings by the polymerase chain reaction [pcr]): warthin-starry (ws) staining of tissue sections, immunohistochemistry (ihc), in-situ hybridization (ish), and pcr examination of faeces and of paraffin wax-embedded samples of ileum. of 204 pigs examined, 32 were considered on the basis of the pcr to be infected. gross a ... | 2009 | 19108850 |
| reduced use of antimicrobials after vaccination of pigs against porcine proliferative enteropathy in a danish spf herd. | the present study explored whether the use of group medication with antibiotics in a danish pig herd was reduced after vaccination of the pigs against proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by lawsonia intracellularis. 7900 pigs originating from a single commercial sow herd were vaccinated against l. intracellularis, whereas 7756 pigs were kept as non-vaccinated controls. the pigs were included batch-wise in the study with every second batch being vaccinated. in the vaccinated batches, the consum ... | 2009 | 19128459 |
| a quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for detection and quantification of lawsonia intracellularis. | lawsonia intracellularis, a causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that is difficult to culture, propagate, and quantify. the intestinal epithelial cell line (iec-18, derived from rat small intestine crypt cells) has been used to isolate and propagate this pathogen. however, the lack of rapid and simple quantification methods has led to mixed results when using the rat cell line, complicating lawsonia studies. to overcome these limitations, a ... | 2010 | 20224090 |
| in vitro assessment of the effectiveness of powder disinfectant (stalosan f) against lawsonia intracellularis using two different assays. | the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro efficacy of stalosan f, a mixed chemical and heavy metal disinfectant, against two strains of lawsonia intracellularis using both a modified tissue culture and a direct count method. for testing as a powder, 1g, 0.5g, or 0.25g of stalosan f was applied to bacterial solutions spread into sterile dishes. for use as an aqueous suspension, stalosan f was prepared to final concentrations of 1%, 4%, 8%, 16%, and 32%. in both applications, l. in ... | 2009 | 19144473 |
| a multiplex real-time pcr for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of brachyspira hyodysenteriae, brachyspira pilosicoli and lawsonia intracellularis in pig faeces. | a multiplex real-time pcr assay was developed to detect and quantify b. hyodysenteriae, b. pilosicoli, and l. intracellularis in pig faeces. specific probes and primers were directed against the nadh oxidase (nox) gene of brachyspira and the aspartate ammonia lyase (aspa) gene of l. intracellularis, respectively. the analytical sensitivity for the real-time pcr assay, expressed as limit of detection (lod) was below 10 dna copies for l. intracellularis, 14 dna copies for b. pilosicoli and 26 dna ... | 2010 | 20496826 |