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exposure of feral swine (sus scrofa) in the united states to selected pathogens.feral swine (sus scrofa) are widely distributed in the united states. in 2011 and 2012, serum samples and tonsils were recovered from 162 and 37 feral swine, respectively, in the us to evaluate exposure to important swine endemic pathogens. antibodies against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) were found in 2.5% and 25.3% of tested sera, respectively. positive serological reactions against mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus p ...025673913
disease risks associated with free-ranging wild boar in saskatchewan.this study investigated the disease status of saskatchewan's feral wild boar population. whole carcasses, tissue samples, and/or serum from 81 hunter-killed boars from saskatchewan were submitted to the canadian wildlife health cooperative (cwhc) between 2009 and 2014. serological tests were negative for prrs, h1n1, and h3n2 swine influenza, pcv-2, and tge/prcv in 22/22 boars and for toxoplasma gondii and mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in 20/20 boars. of 20 boars whose sera were tested 20 were positiv ...026246630
reproduction of porcine proliferative enteropathy with pure cultures of ileal symbiont intracellularis.porcine proliferative enteropathy is consistently associated with the presence of intracellular curved bacteria in epithelial cells in affected portions of intestine. two strains of these intracellular bacteria were cultured in a cell culture system with rat enterocytes (iec-18) and passaged several times and used as oral inocula for 14 gnotobiotic and 8 conventional pigs. dna and immunological studies had identified these bacteria as belonging to a new taxon, ileal symbiont (is) intracellularis ...19938406817
ileal symbiont intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium of porcine intestines showing a relationship to desulfovibrio species.a new genus and species of obligate intracellular-bacteria found in porcine intestines are described. growth on any bacteriological medium deprived of living cells has not been demonstrated. the organism has been grown intracellularly in cell culture. the 16s rrna gene sequence data, dna probe results, and microscopic observations provide evidence that these bacteria differ from those in other described genera and that they belong to the delta subdivision of the class proteobacteria. we have amp ...19938347512
enhanced detection of intracellular organism of swine proliferative enteritis, ileal symbiont intracellularis, in feces by polymerase chain reaction.a sensitive assay based on amplification of a 319-bp dna fragment of the intracellular bacterium of swine proliferative enteritis was developed for the detection of the organism in the feces of swine. a vernacular name, ileal symbiont intracellularis (is-intracellularis), has recently been published for the intracellular bacterium, which was formerly known as a campylobacter-like organism (c.j. gebhart, s.m. barnes, s. mcorist, g.f. lin, and g.h.k. larson, int. j. syst. bacteriol. 43:533-538, 19 ...19938253956
relationship between ileal symbiont intracellularis and porcine proliferative enteritis.the relationship between ileal symbiont (is) intracellularis, formerly known as a campylobacter-like organism, and porcine proliferative enteritis (pe) was studied by use of pigs with experimentally transmitted pe. twenty one pigs were experimentally inoculated with homogenized ileal mucosa from a pig that died with pe, and 7 were maintained as uninoculated controls. fecal samples were collected, and pigs were necropsied weekly postinoculation. light microscopy and electron microscopy were used ...19938225599
synergism of ileal symbiont intracellularis and gut bacteria in the reproduction of porcine proliferative enteropathy. 19948203109
experimentally induced proliferative enteritis in hamsters: an ultrastructural study.hamsters, three weeks old, were dosed orally with suspensions of intracellular bacteria grown in rat enterocyte tissue culture cells iec-18, which had been infected with suspensions of intracellular bacteria derived from the lesions of proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy occurring naturally in two pigs. each bacterial strain, identified as ileal symbiont intracellularis, was passaged in the cell lines once, twice or five times, collected with the cells and used as inocula. ten of 16 hamsters ...19948191009
polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay for detection of the intracellular bacteria, ileal symbiont intracellularis of porcine proliferative enteropathy is described. the test is based on specific dna primers and gave positive pcr product from samples of preserved intestinal mucosa and faeces from affected pigs. mucosa and faeces from normal pigs gave no positive pcr products. the identity of the pcr product was confirmed by dna-dna hybridization with a probe, pclo78, specific for is intracellul ...19947975146
specific in situ hybridization of the intracellular organism of porcine proliferative enteropathy.the identity of the intracellular bacteria found in the enterocytes of pigs with proliferative enteropathy was investigated using specific dna probes to various campylobacter species and to a novel organism, ileal symbiont intracellularis. the ilea from pigs (nos. 1-7) that were diagnosed by routine histopathology as having proliferative enteropathy were used. diagnosis was made on the basis of proliferation of the enterocytes on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections and the presence of large n ...19947941236
reproduction of proliferative enteritis in hamsters with a pure culture of porcine ileal symbiont intracellularis.hamsters, three weeks old, were inoculated orally with suspensions of intracellular bacteria, grown in tissue culture cells, iec-18, rat enterocytes. cells had been infected with suspensions of intracellular bacteria derived from the lesions of proliferative haemorrhagic enteropathy occurring naturally in two pigs 916/91 and 1482/89. infected cell lines containing each separate strain, 916/91 and 1482/89, were passaged one, two or five times and pure cultures of intracellular bacteria, identifie ...19947801512
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring ileal symbiont intracellularis-specific immunoglobulin g response in sera of pigs.proliferative enteritis (pe) is a common intestinal disease on pig farms. the disease is caused by ileal symbiont (is) intracellularis (campylobacter-like organisms) bacteria. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed to measure is intracellularis-specific immunoglobulin g (igg) response in the sera of pigs. the antigen used in the elisa was filtered, percoll gradient-purified is intracellularis extracted from the intestines of pigs affected with proliferative hemorrhagic entero ...19947989553
entry of the bacterium ileal symbiont intracellularis into cultured enterocytes and its subsequent release.separate suspensions of two strains of ileal symbiont (is) intracellularis, an obligate intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, were added to 40 or 80 per cent confluent monolayers of established cultures of rat (iec-18) or pig enterocytes (ipec-j2). peak numbers of intracellular organisms were detected within the enterocytes six days later, but no cytopathic effects were evident. after an initial close association with the cell membrane of the enter ...19958588102
antimicrobial susceptibility of ileal symbiont intracellularis isolated from pigs with proliferative enteropathy.proliferative enteropathy is caused by the microaerophilic obligate intracellular bacterium ileal symbiont (is) intracellularis. treatment of this disease is problematic because of the lack of in vivo or in vitro data on the activities of antimicrobial agents. a new procedure for determining the susceptibility of is intracellularis was developed by using a tissue culture system which promotes the in vitro multiplication of this organism. nineteen antimicrobial agents were evaluated in triplicate ...19957615747
characterization of lawsonia intracellularis gen. nov., sp. nov., the obligately intracellular bacterium of porcine proliferative enteropathy.a novel obligately intracellular bacterium, ileal symbiont intracellularis, which was obtained from the intestines of pigs with proliferative enteropathy disease, was grown in pure cocultures with tissue cultures of rat cells. an examination of the 16s ribosomal dna gene sequence revealed that the isolates which we obtained are members of the delta subdivision of the proteobacteria and that the sequences of these organisms exhibit a level of similarly of 91% with the sequence of desulfovibrio de ...19957547305
infection of cultured rat enterocytes by ileal symbiont intracellularis depends on host cell function and actin polymerisation.the mechanisms of entry of ileal symbiont intracellularis into iec-18 rat enterocyte cells and subsequent bacterial proliferation were examined in centrifuge-assisted and static infections. live, oxygen or neomycin damaged, and formalin killed bacteria, each rapidly entered viable cells. live or damaged bacteria did not enter cells nor proliferate within cells after static infection of cells cooled to 5 degrees c. infection of cells was greatly reduced at 20 degrees or 32 degrees compared to inf ...19957483247
detection of ileal symbiont intracellularis in porcine faecal samples by polymerase chain reaction.ileal symbiont intracellularis (isi), the organism causing proliferative enteritis (pe) in pigs was detected in faeces by the application of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the assay based on a 319 base pair dna fragment was used on faecal and mucosal samples derived from pigs either affected or unaffected with pe. as few as 10(3) isi could be detected in pig faeces spiked with isi. no amplification product was detected in the faeces of unaffected pigs but faeces of confirmed clinical cases wer ...19958748553
proliferative enteropathy of rabbits: the intracellular campylobacter-like organism is closely related to lawsonia intracellularis.the intracellular campylobacter-like organism associated with proliferative enteropathy of rabbits is closely related to lawsonia intracellularis, the primary pathogen in porcine intestinal adenomatosis. polymerase chain reaction primers based on the 16s rrna gene of l. intracellularis were used to amplify dna harvested from intestinal tissues of rabbits with severe proliferative intestinal lesions containing curved argentophilic intracellular bacteria. sequencing of a 180-nucleotide dna fragmen ...19969001174
the pathogenesis of necrotic proliferative colitis in swine is linked to whipworm induced suppression of mucosal immunity to resident bacteria.mucohemorrhagic enteritis syndrome in swine has a complex etiology with largely unknown pathogenesis. we have observed that inoculation of pigs with swine whipworm, trichuris suis, initiates an interaction with resident bacterial flora to induce mucohemorrhagic enteritis. the role of bacteria in this mixed infection was demonstrated using 4 treatment groups. one group of pigs was inoculated with 2500 embryonated t. suis eggs alone, while a second group received t. suis eggs along with broad spec ...19969157675
treatment and prevention of porcine proliferative enteropathy with oral tiamulin.the effect of an oral treatment or prevention programme, incorporating the antibiotic tiamulin, on the development of proliferative enteropathy in experimentally challenged pigs was studied. twenty weaner pigs were challenged orally with a virulent inoculum of lawsonia intracellularis strain lr189/5/83, a british isolate of the causative agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, and seven control pigs were dosed with a buffer solution. seven of the 20 challenged pigs were left untreated; they ...19969123785
developed and resolving lesions in porcine proliferative enteropathy: possible pathogenetic mechanisms.proliferative enteropathy, caused by lawsonia intracellularis, offers the opportunity to examine bacterial mechanisms that influence epithelial cell proliferation. ultrastructural features of developed and resolving lesions included the presence of enlarged intestinal crypts containing undifferentiated immature epithelial cells and an absence of goblet cells. numerous intracytoplasmic bacteria, identified as l. intracellularis, were consistently present within affected cells. in recovering intes ...19968878750
proliferative enteropathy in a foal caused by lawsonia intracellularis-like bacterium. 19968744752
proliferative enteritis associated with lawsonia intracellularis (ileal symbiont intracellularis) in white-tailed deer. 19968744751
replication of australian porcine isolates of ileal symbiont intracellularis in tissue culture.ileal symbiont intracellularis (isi) isolated from australian cases of pia and phe was replicated in the rat ileum enterocyte cell line iec 18. the number of isi within cells varied, as did the number of isi infected within the monolayer. at 24 h post infection a large number of cells were infected with approximately 100 isi per cell. at the termination of infection, fewer iec 18 cells were infected but isi had replicated to fill the cell cytoplasmic space. numerous foci of infected cells were v ...19968734642
in-vitro interactions of lawsonia intracellularis with cultured enterocytes.strains of the obligately intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis, the etiologic agent of porcine proliferative enteropathy, were co-cultured in rat enterocyte cell cultures (iec-18) and examined ultrastructurally. no regular surface arrays typical of surface or s-layers were visible on any bacterial strain, with or without triton-x-100 detergent treatment. in separate experiments, there was no difference in the ability of l. intracellularis to attach and enter enterocytes with or witho ...19979100338
development of persistent intestinal infection and excretion of lawsonia intracellularis by piglets.challenge experiments using lawsonia intracellularis as oral inocula have established its aetiological role in porcine proliferative enteropathy. thirty piglets, in four groups, were weaned at 21 days of age and inoculated orally at 24 days. six piglets were challenged with 1.0 x 10(8) l intracellularis strain 916/91 (nctc 12657) passaged 12 times in vitro, six with 5.0 x 10(8) of the same strain, seven with 3.0 x 10(8) l intracellularis strain lr 189/5/83, passaged nine times, and 11 controls w ...19979160416
intracellular campylobacter-like organisms associated with rectal prolapse and proliferative enteroproctitis in emus (dromaius novaehollandiae).rectal prolapse was the presenting clinical finding in a group of juvenile emus (dromaius novaehollandiae). gross findings included severely thickened and rugose distal rectal mucosae. histologically, there were thickened villi, enterocyte hyperplasia, dilated glands filled with mucus and heterophils, and a dense infiltrate of heterophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells in the lamina propria. examination of warthin-starry silver-stained sections revealed numerous apically located com ...19979066083
diagnosis of proliferative enteritis in frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from a hamster, horse, deer and ostrich using a lawsonia intracellularis-specific multiplex pcr assay.proliferative enteritis (pe) is an enteric disease that has been reported in a variety of animals. it is caused by an obligate intracellular bacterium identified in swine as lawsonia intracellularis. the organism can be detected ante-mortem in swine with pe using molecular diagnostic methods. the disease can be diagnosed post-mortem in all species by gross examination of tissues and special histologic staining procedures. in this study we extracted total dna from frozen or formalin-fixed, paraff ...19979050170
oral administration of tylosin phosphate for treatment and prevention of proliferative enteropathy in pigs.to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered tylosin phosphate for prevention and treatment proliferative enteropathy (pe) in pigs.19979028475
prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in swine herds in taiwan. 19979265712
induction of gross and microscopic lesions of porcine proliferative enteritis by lawsonia intracellularis.to evaluate experimental induction of porcine proliferative enteritis (ppe), using cell cultured lawsonia intracellularis (ileal symbiont intracellularis), and to determine whether dexamethasone administration or age of the host or both affects susceptibility to l intracellularis infection.19979328666
comparison of the 16s ribosomal dna sequences from the intracellular agents of proliferative enteritis in a hamster, deer, and ostrich with the sequence of a porcine isolate of lawsonia intracellularis.proliferative enteritis is an enteric disease that affects a variety of animals. the causative agent in swine has been determined to be an obligate intracellular bacterium, lawsonia intracellularis, related to the sulfate-reducing bacterium desulfovibrio desulfuricans. the intracellular agents found in the lesions of different animal species are antigenically similar. in addition, strains from the pig, ferret, and hamster have been shown to be genetically similar. in this study we performed a pa ...19979226893
multiplex polymerase chain reaction for simultaneous detection of lawsonia intracellularis, serpulina hyodysenteriae, and salmonellae in porcine intestinal specimens.proliferative enteritis, swine dysentery, and porcine salmonellosis are the most common enteric bacterial diseases affecting pigs in the growing and finishing stages of production. currently, diagnoses of these diseases by standard cultural techniques of intestinal specimens can be laborious, time consuming, and expensive (swine dysentery, porcine salmonellosis) or impossible (proliferative enteritis). amplification by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) of dna sequences specific for each bacterial ...19979249167
investigations into field cases of porcine colitis with particular reference to infection with serpulina pilosicoli.investigations into the possible causes of colitis and typhlocolitis were carried out on 85 pig units in the united kingdom between 1992 and 1996. serpulina pilosicoli was identified most commonly, occurring as the suggested primary agent on 21 (25 per cent) of the units but forming part of mixed infections on another 23 (27 per cent) of the units, the main co-infections being yersinia pseudotuberculosis (eight units), proliferative enteropathy (six units), salmonella species (four units) or ser ...19989549864
proliferative enterocolitis associated with dual infection with enteropathogenic escherichia coli and lawsonia intracellularis in rabbits.both enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) and an obligate intracellular bacterium, previously referred to as an intracellular campylobacter-like organism and now designated lawsonia intracellularis, have been reported as causes of enterocolitis in rabbits. an outbreak of enterocolitis in a group of rabbits, characterized by an unusually high rate of mortality, was found to be associated with dual infection with epec and l. intracellularis. the epec strain was found to have eaea gene homology ...19989620403
evaluation of antemortem polymerase chain reaction and serologic methods for detection of lawsonia intracellularis-exposed pigs.to evaluate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for detection of lawsonia intracellularis dna in feces and an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for detecting serum igg antibodies in pigs exposed to l intracellularis.19989622741
prevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in selected pig herds in korea as determined by pcr. 19989854771
lawsonia intracellularis proliferative enteropathy in a weanling foal. 19989844976
identification and sequencing of the groe operon and flanking genes of lawsonia intracellularis: use in phylogeny.proliferative enteropathy (pe) is a complex of diseases of commercial importance to the pig industry. the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis is consistently associated with pe and pure cultures of this bacterium have been used to reproduce pe in pigs. in this study l. intracellularis bacteria were purified directly from pe-affected tissue. dna extracted from purified bacteria was used to construct a partial genomic library which was screened using sera from l. intracellula ...19989720028
specific detection of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine proliferative enteropathy inferred from fluorescent rrna in situ hybridization.fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting 16s ribosomal rna was used for specific detection of the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis in enterocytes from pigs affected by proliferative enteropathy. a specific oligonucleotide probe was designed and the specificity of the probe was determined by simultaneous comparison with indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of l. intracellularis in formalin-fixed tissue samples from 15 pigs affected by porcine proliferative e ...19989539372
detection of lawsonia intracellularis, serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes, salmonella enterica, and haemolytic escherichia coli from swine herds with and without diarrhoea among growing pigs.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was optimized to detect lawsonia intracellularis in faeces from naturally infected pigs. by combining a boiling procedure to extract dna and a nested pcr procedure, a detection limit at 2 x 10(2) bacterial cells per gram of faeces was achieved. the optimized pcr was used together with conventional culture techniques to detect serpulina hyodysenteriae, weakly beta-haemolytic intestinal spirochaetes (wbhis), salmonella enterica, and haemolytic escherichia coli, in ...19989659692
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in hungarian swine herds by polymerase chain reaction.pooled faecal samples and/or intestinal contents from pig carcasses were collected from 11 hungarian swine farms and subjected to dna extraction/ purification and subsequent polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in order to detect lawsonia intracellularis, the aetiological agent of the porcine proliferative enteropathy complex. specific pcr positivity was detected in 6 individual and 22 pooled samples out of 46, originating from eight herds. the pcr products of collected faecal samples hybridised in s ...19989713142
subclinical proliferative enteropathy in sentinel rabbits associated with lawsonia intracellularis.light microscopic and ultrastructural changes of naturally acquired proliferative enteropathy were observed in two of three young sentinel new zealand white rabbits. the etiologic agent, lawsonia intracellularis, was demonstrated in the tissues using morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods. proliferative enteropathy was associated with infection of villous and crypt enterocytes by intracellular organisms genotypically and antigenically related to l. intracellularis of various oth ...19989684975
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in swine using polymerase chain reaction methodology.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was evaluated for its usefulness as a diagnostic tool to detect lawsonia (ileal symbiont) intracellularis. porcine ilea were collected from swine cases submitted to the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory between december 1, 1994, and june 30, 1995. sampling was random, with no regard to health status. there were 621 ileum scrapings evaluated using the pcr technique. thirty-five of the samples were positive, either by pcr or conventional dia ...19999925211
monitored control programme for proliferative enteropathy on british pig farms.the effect of control programmes on proliferative enteropathy and its causative agent (lawsonia intracellularis) was investigated on four farrow-to-finish pig farms in britain. faeces samples from groups of boars and gilts in breeding programmes, and from preweaning and postweaning pigs were monitored prospectively every month for six months by a l intracellularis-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr). on one farm with 150 sows, an outbreak of acute proliferative enteropathy in boars and gilt ...199910097342
lawsonia intracellularis-like organism infection in a miniature foal.a 7-month-old foal was admitted to the hospital with a history of lethargy, weight loss, mild diarrhea, and anorexia. a diagnosis of proliferative enteritis caused by lawsonia intracellularis-like organisms was made after necropsy and histologic examination of the small intestine. although infection with l intracellularis-like organisms is a rare cause of enteritis in foals, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially if the foal was housed in the proximity of pigs or pig f ...199910461636
attempted infection of mice, rats and chickens by porcine strains of lawsonia intracellularis. 199910078360
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in faeces of swine from the main producing regions in brazil.swine proliferative enteropathy is an enteric disease caused by lawsonia intracellularis which affects animals between 6 and 20 weeks of age, causing diarrhea, anorexia, and poor growth. the presence of l. intracellularis was evaluated in the faecal samples of 636 swine from 75 randomly chosen herds in the main swine-producing regions of brazil. the pathogen was detected by the polymerase chain reaction method (pcr) using l. intracellularis specific primers. a 319-bp dna fragment specific for l. ...199910408095
interactions between dietary fibre, endo-parasites and lawsonia intracellularis bacteria in grower-finisher pigs.samples of faeces and feed were collected from grower and finisher pigs kept on 25 commercial breeder-finisher units in the west-midlands region of england. faecal samples were examined for parasite eggs (ascaris suis, trichuris suum and strongylid species) using faecal flotation; and for lawsonia intracellularis bacteria using the polymerase chain reaction. feed samples were subjected to proximate analysis for energy, protein and fibre content and enzymic colorimetry for levels of non-starch po ...199910628700
comparative pathology of bacterial enteric diseases of swine.enteric bacterial infections are among the most common and economically significant diseases affecting swine production worldwide. clinical signs of these infections include diarrhea, reduced growth rate, weight loss, and death of preweaned, weanling, grower-finisher, young and adult age breeding animals. the most common etiological agents include escherichia coli, clostridium perfringens, lawsonia intracellularis, salmonella enterica, and brachyspira (serpulina) spp. with the exception of brach ...199910659346
fatal outbreaks of proliferative enteritis caused by lawsonia intracellularis in young colony-raised rhesus macaques.ten juvenile rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) died acutely in two separate disease outbreaks. the animals had segmental thickening of the distal ileum with associated proliferative, rugous appearing mucosae. microscopically, necrosis, exudative inflammation, mucosal ulceration, and crypt hyperplasia were present. intracellular organisms were seen histochemically and ultrastructurally, and were confirmed to be lawsonia intracellularis using a specific immunohistochemical method. proliferative ente ...199910372536
surgical and medical treatment of an arabian filly with proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis. 200011110386
equine proliferative enteropathy: a cause of weight loss, colic, diarrhoea and hypoproteinaemia in foals on three breeding farms in canada.proliferative enteropathy (pe) is a transmissible enteric disease caused by lawsonia intracellularis. an outbreak of equine pe was diagnosed in foals from 3 breeding farms. most foals had been weaned prior to the appearance of clinical signs, which included depression, rapid and marked weight loss, subcutaneous oedema, diarrhoea and colic. poor body condition with a rough haircoat and a potbellied appearance were common findings in affected foals. respiratory tract infection, dermatitis and inte ...200011037264
gamma interferon influences intestinal epithelial hyperplasia caused by lawsonia intracellularis infection in mice.lawsonia intracellularis is a recently identified bacterial pathogen which causes disease in a broad range of animals. invasion of intestinal epithelial cells and the resultant hyperplasia of infected cells are central processes in disease pathogenesis. in this study, we aimed to establish whether immunocompetent mice were susceptible to infection and whether gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) contributed to the pathogenesis of infection. wild-type 129-sv-ev mice (129 mice) and ifn-gamma receptor knoc ...200011083789
prevalence of intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds.our aim was to determine the prevalence of the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli, pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) and salmonella enterica in danish finishing pig herds. a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50kg. furthermore, 10 pooled pen sample ...200010960714
therapeutic efficacy of water-soluble lincomycin-spectinomycin powder against porcine proliferation enteropathy in a european field study.controlled clinical trials to a standardised protocol were conducted into the effect of a water-soluble antibiotic on proliferative enteropathy and its causative agent (lawsonia intracellularis) on commercial pig farms at six sites in four european countries. clinical signs of the disease and l intracellularis-specific polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-positive pigs were detected in pens of six- to 12-week-old pigs (weighing 5 to 55 kg) immediately before each trial. matched pens of randomised pig ...200010674691
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in the tonsils of pigs with proliferative enteropathy.the presence of lawsonia intracellularis, the obligate intracellular bacterium causing proliferative enteropathy (pe), in the tonsils of pigs as a locus for infection or extraintestinal occurrence of the bacterium was investigated by pcr and immunohistochemistry. tonsillar occurrence of l. intracellularis could be part of the pathogenesis of pe and an important risk factor in the spread of the disease. l. intracellularis was detected by only pcr in the tonsils of 2/32 pigs without pe at necropsy ...200010684754
improved diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis using polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay (pcr-elosa).proliferative enteropathy (pe) caused by lawsonia intracellularis is a major diarrheal disease affecting swine worldwide. routine laboratory diagnosis of pe is done by amplification of l. intracellularis -specific dna sequences by pcr followed by agarose gel electrophoresis and staining of pcr products with ethidium bromide. we report the development of an enzyme-linked oligosorbent assay (elosa) for specific identification of chromosomal l. intracellularis 328-bp pcr amplified products. the elo ...200010799271
immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction for the detection of lawsonia intracellularis in porcine intestinal tissues with proliferative enteropathy.detection method of lawsonia intracellularis was studied in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded intestinal tissues from 5 naturally infected pigs by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody against outer membrane protein of l. intracellularis. warthin-starry silver stain revealed clusters of argyrophilic, slightly curved rod-shaped organisms in the apical cytoplasm of enterocytes. immunohistochemical staining with a l. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody confirmed the presence of th ...200010945299
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in diagnostic specimens by one-step pcr.lawsonia intracellularis is not culturable with a standard bacteriologic culture. one step pcr assay as a clinical diagnostic method was developed for the rapid detection of porcine proliferative enteritis (ppe) caused by l. intracellularis. primers were designed based on the p78 dna clone of l. intracellularis. the one step pcr resulted in the formation of a specific 210-bp dna product derived from l. intracellularis. the nonspecific amplification product was not detected with swine genomic dna ...200014612618
granulomatous enteritis and lymphadenitis in iberian pigs naturally infected with lawsonia intracellularis.intestinal samples and/or lymph nodes of two iberian pigs from two different farms were submitted for histopathologic examination. both pigs had proliferation of ileal and/or cecal crypts with almost complete absence of goblet cells. infection by lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction assay. the mesenteric lymph node of one pig had moderate lymphocyte depletion with granulomatous inflammation of the lymph node parenchyma. histiocytes and m ...200111355669
prevalence of porcine proliferative enteropathy and its control with tylosin in korea.porcine proliferative enteropathy(ppe) is an enteric disease been caused by lawsonia intracellularis. it has become one of the critical problems in the pig industry. to investigate the prevalence of ppe in korea, serum samples of 828 pigs from 65 herds were tested using indirect immunofluorescence antibody technique(ifa). the infection rate in individual pigs varied from 44 to 69%, whereas 100% in pig farms. the infection frequency was 57, 44.9, and 59.4% according to age respectively. administr ...200112441690
an investigation of the etiology of a mild diarrhea observed in a group of grower/finisher pigs.an investigation into a mild diarrhea in a group of grower/finisher pigs was carried out in order to determine the etiology. a tiamulin injection and a carbadox-medicated ration were given to pens of pigs in a 2 x 2 factorial experimental design. pens of pigs were assessed a score, based on the consistency of the feces in the pen, each week. the clinical investigation looked for the intestinal pathogens brachyspira pilosicoli, b. hyodysenteriae, lawsonia intracellularis, salmonella spp., yersini ...200111195519
lawsonia intracellularis: getting inside the pathogenesis of proliferative enteropathy.although proliferative enteropathy (pe) has been recognised for several decades, lawsonia intracellularis, the aetiological agent, was identified formally in only 1995. this organism is both highly fastidious and obligately intracellular bacterium, characteristics which have inevitably restricted investigations in all aspects of its biology. despite these limitations, advances have been made in characterising and understanding l. intracellularis-host interaction both in vivo and in vitro. based ...200111506927
porcine enteric spirochete infections in the uk: surveillance data and preliminary investigation of atypical isolates.investigations into the possible causes of colitis and typhlocolitis were carried out on 98 pig units in the united kingdom between 1997 and 1999. brachyspira pilosicoli was identified most commonly, occurring as the suggested primary agent in 18% of the outbreaks but forming part of mixed infections in another 24% of outbreaks. the equivalent figures for other bacterial pathogens were: b. hyodysenteriae, 13% and 16%; lawsonia intracellularis, 10% and 15%: salmonella species, 6% and 12%; and yer ...200111708744
colonic infection by bilophila wadsworthia in pigs.bilophila wadsworthia is a common inhabitant of the human colon and has been associated with appendicitis and other local sites of inflammation in humans. challenge-exposure or prevalence studies in laboratory and other animals have not been reported. b. wadsworthia is closely related phylogenetically to desulfovibrio sp. and lawsonia intracellularis, which are considered colon pathogens. we developed a pcr specific for b. wadsworthia dna. samples of bacterial dna extracted from the feces of pig ...200111283090
risk factors for intestinal pathogens in danish finishing pig herds.the objective of this investigation was to identify risk factors for infection with the intestinal bacteria: lawsonia intracellularis, brachyspira hyodysenteriae, serpulina intermedia, brachyspira innocens, brachyspira pilosicoli and swine-pathogenic escherichia coli (serogroups o138, o139, o141 and o149) in danish finishing pig herds.a total of 79 herds was randomly selected and visited during 1998. from each herd, 20 faecal samples were collected from individual pigs weighing 30-50 kg. in tota ...200111448502
efficacy of intramuscular tylosin for the treatment and control of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis.this double-blind study investigated the efficacy of injectable tylosin (tylan 200 injection, elanco animal health, indianapolis, in) for the treatment and control of porcine proliferative enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis using a mucosal challenge model. intramuscular (im) tylosin was compared with sterile tylosin injection carrier (negative control). im treatments (1 ml/22.5 kg [50 lb body weight; 4 mg/lb body weight]) were administered to two groups of pigs twice daily for 3 cons ...200119753698
application of a 5' nuclease assay for detection of lawsonia intracellularis in fecal samples from pigs.a 5' nuclease assay was developed to detect lawsonia intracellularis in porcine fecal samples. the specific probe and primers were chosen by using the 16s ribosomal dna gene as a target. the 5' nuclease assay was used with a total of 204 clinical samples, and the results were compared to those of immunohistochemistry (im) on ileal sections of the same animals. there was 91% agreement between the results of im and the 5' nuclease assay. in the 5' nuclease assay, 111 (54%) of the pigs tested posit ...200211880427
lsaa, an antigen involved in cell attachment and invasion, is expressed by lawsonia intracellularis during infection in vitro and in vivo.lawsonia intracellularis has been identified recently as the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathies, which are characterized by intestinal epithelial hyperplasia and associated moderate immune responses. this disease complex has been reported in a broad range of animals, prevalently in pigs, and l. intracellularis has been linked with ulcerative colitis in humans. l. intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium, and the pathogenic mechanisms used to cause disease are unknown. ...200212010978
how bacteria could cause cancer: one step at a time.helicobacter pylori highlighted the potential for bacteria to cause cancer. it is becoming clear that chronic infection with other bacteria, notably salmonella typhi, can also facilitate tumour development. infections caused by several bacteria (e.g. bartonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis and citrobacter rodentium) can induce cellular proliferation that can be reversed by antibiotic treatment. other chronic bacterial infections have the effect of blocking apoptosis. however, the underlying ce ...200212088666
detection of lawsonia intracellularis in wild pigs in the czech republic. 200212521249
the effect of josamycine on the control of ileitis in weaned piglets under field conditions.the aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of in-feed josamycine on the control of ileitis in weaned piglets. on a farm with a previous history of ileitis outbreaks, 288 piglets at weaning age (25 +/- 2 days old) were allocated into three experimental groups, each group comprising of four pens with 24 piglets in each pen. group one (t1) served the trial as negative control group (unmedicated), group t2 was administered josamycine at 36 mg/kg of feed and group t3 was administered josamycine ...200212213116
comparison of different methods for diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.the objectives of this study were: (1) to compare 2 methods of serology; (2) to compare 3 histologic techniques; and (3) to compare 2 methods of detecting shedding in pigs experimentally challenged with lawsonia intracellularis. the sensitivities of these tests were determined by the detection of infection. forty 5-week-old pigs were inoculated on day 0 with intestinal homogenate from pigs with proliferative enteropathy (pe). clinical evaluation was done on day 7 and daily from day 14 to 28 post ...200211989741
serologic follow-up of a repopulated swine herd after an outbreak of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy.lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular organism that causes porcine proliferative enteropathy, a widespread infectious disease. very little is known about the immune response and the epidemiologic features of the disease in the field. the aims of this study were to evaluate the duration and titers of antibody specific for l. intracellularis in gilts after an outbreak of proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy (phe), to evaluate maternal antibodies in piglets, and to evaluate serocon ...200212418781
field evaluation of the effect of in-feed doxycycline for the control of ileitis in weaned piglets.the aim of this trial was to evaluate the effect of in-feed doxycycline (doxy) on the control of ileitis in weaned piglets. on a farm with a previous history of ileitis outbreaks, 288 piglets at the age of weaning (25 +/- 2 days old) were divided into four experimental groups, each group comprising three pens with 24 piglets in each pen. non-medicated animals served as negative control (nc) group, whereas groups doxy-50, doxy-125 and doxy-250 received doxycycline via feed at 50, 125 and 250 ppm, ...200212420865
validation of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay as a serologic test for porcine proliferative enteropathy.the sensitivity and specificity of an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma) was evaluated in a blind serologic study of a group of disease-free pigs and a group of pigs experimentally infected with intestinal homogenate containing lawsonia intracellularis organisms. sixty pigs from the control group were kept in the source farm, and another 60 animals were transferred to an isolation unit aid challenged intragastrically. all animals were bled before and 21 days after challenge. fecal samples w ...200212423042
a comparative study of an indirect fluorescent antibody test and an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay for the diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy.the currently used indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for the detection of antibodies against porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe) was compared to an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma). serum samples used in this comparison were collected from 5-week-old pigs on day 0 (pre-experimental challenge) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after oral inoculation with intestinal homogenate from pigs affected by ppe (28 challenged pigs) and sucrose phosphate glutamate solution (2 control pigs). a ...200212296397
the use of a mimic to detect polymerase chain reaction-inhibitory factors in feces examined for the presence of lawsonia intracellularis.lawsonia intracellularis is an intracellular organism that causes proliferative enteritis in pigs. this bacterium is difficult to culture, and antemortem demonstration of the microbe is therefore often performed on fecal samples by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). polymerase chain reaction is sensitive and specific, but inhibitory factors in feces might cause false-negative results. this article describes the construction and use of an internal standard, a mimic. the mimic is amplified by the sa ...200312735349
immunopathogenesis of experimentally induced proliferative enteropathy in pigs.to characterize the immune response associated with lawsonia intracellularis infection, twenty-eight, 7-week-old pigs were dosed orally with a pure culture of l. intracellularis. animals were killed 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days postinfection. light microscopic studies were undertaken to immunophenotype the immunologic response using specific antibodies to t-cell subsets (cd3, cd4, and cd8), b cells, major histocompatibility complex class ii, cadherin, and macrophages over the course of time ...200312824514
search for lawsonia intracellularis and bilophila wadsworthia in malabsorption-diseased chickens.proliferative enteropathy is an important enteric disease caused by lawsonia intracellularis. a wide range of host species can be infected by the same bacterium, yet the clinico-pathologic features among these hosts remains almost identical. the disease has been recognized regularly among ratites, but not in other avian families, such as galliforms, even though these suffer uncharacterized enteric conditions. fresh ileum-colon contents were obtained from 228, 3- to 8-week-old chickens with enter ...200312889732
the effect of outdoor production on the seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in growing-finishing pigs in a large pig production unit infected with endemic porcine proliferative enteropathy.the study was performed in a large croatian production unit from may 2000 till june 2002. blood samples form late-pregnant gilts were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) serum assay for lawsonia intracellularis. the offspring of 301 positively tested gilts were dislocated after the nursery phase either to indoor or outdoor growing-finishing facilities. ten percent of these animals (142 indoor, 143 outdoor raised pigs) were tested at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 22 and 26 weeks of age for s ...200312666503
the european ban on growth-promoting antibiotics and emerging consequences for human and animal health.following the ban of all food animal growth-promoting antibiotics by sweden in 1986, the european union banned avoparcin in 1997 and bacitracin, spiramycin, tylosin and virginiamycin in 1999. three years later, the only attributable effect in humans has been a diminution in acquired resistance in enterococci isolated from human faecal carriers. there has been an increase in human infection from vancomycin-resistant enterococci in europe, probably related to the increased in usage of vancomycin f ...200312837737
effect of gilt seropositivity to lawsonia intracellularis (li) on their offspring's seropositivity to li and on diarrhoea after a pure-culture challenge.this study was done in a large croatian pig-production unit. blood samples from late-pregnancy gilts were tested by an indirect immunofluorescence-antibody (ifa) serum assay for lawsonia intracellularis (li). ten ifa-positive and 10 ifa-negative gilts were selected. the 2-week-old piglets (97 from positive gilts, and 98 from negative gilts) were inoculated intragastrically with pure culture of li. all pigs were tested until slaughter for seroprevalence of li. blood samples were collected at 5, 8 ...200314516718
[diagnosis of lawsonia intracellularis using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) in pigs with and without diarrhea and other animal species].lawsonia (l.) intracellularis, an obligately intracellular bacterium, causes proliferative enteropathy (pe) in swine and, occasionally, in other animals. to determine the spread of the agent among german pig herds pooled fecal samples of five animals each of clinically normal hessian pig herds collected between november 1998 and february 1999 as well as feces (n = 1684) from individual animals representing 648 herds, sent to our laboratory by veterinarians from all parts of germany, were tested ...200314560442
comparison of diagnostic techniques for porcine proliferative enteropathy (lawsonia intracellularis infection).in studying the post-mortem diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy (ppe) a "double-blind" study was performed on 77 apparently healthy "finisher" pigs at the time of slaughter, to compare the results of a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique with those of (1) an indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), (2) examination for gross proliferative lesions at slaughter, (3) histopathological study of sections stained with haematoxylin and eosin (he), and (4) warthin-starry (ws) silver stai ...200312921724
protein-losing enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis in a weanling foal.a 5-month-old morgan filly was presented to the atlantic veterinary college with a history of lethargy, fever, depression, anorexia, and dependent ventral edema. diagnostic tests revealed severe inflammation, hypoproteinemia, and thickened small intestinal loops. protein-losing enteropathy caused by lawsonia intracellularis was diagnosed and treated successfully with erythromycin-rifampin.200312619560
seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis in large pig production units.in 11 'farrow-to-finish' outdoor or indoor production units, blood samples from late pregnant gilts were tested by indirect immunofluorescence antibody (ifa) serum assay for lawsonia intracellularis. the offspring of positively tested gilts were tested at 2, 7, 12, 17, 22 and 27 weeks of age for seroprevalence of lawsonia intracellularis. all offspring of ifa positive gilts were seronegative at 2 and 7 weeks of age. at 12 weeks of age 81.0% of indoor and 51.0% of outdoor pigs were tested positiv ...200312737043
lawsonia intracellularis in wild mammals in the slovak carpathians.feces of wild mammals were collected in the bukovské vrchy hills (north-eastern slovakia) in january and february 2002. the feces were examined for lawsonia intracellularis by means of nested polymerase chain reaction. a total of 194 samples of feces from red deer (cervus elaphus), 46 samples from roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 31 samples from red fox (vulpes vulpes), 23 samples from gray wolf (canis lupus), and 12 samples from brown hare (lepus europaeus) were examined. lawsonia intracellulari ...200312910769
preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against lawsonia intracellularis.proliferative enteropathy is an intestinal infectious disease caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium lawsonia intracellularis. immunohistochemistry staining has superior sensitivity over hematoxylin and eosin and silver staining for detecting l. intracellularis in histological sections. a l. intracellularis-specific monoclonal antibody (mab) produced in the uk (ig4 mab) has been described in the literature. however, no monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies are commercially available. there ...200314535543
diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy: detection of lawsonia intracellularis by pathological examinations, polymerase chain reaction and cell culture inoculation.a total of 21 pigs aged 7-17 weeks with clinical symptoms suggestive for porcine proliferative enteropathy were examined for lawsonia intracellularis by analysing the following parameters: (i) intestinal gross and histological lesions, (ii) presence of comma-shaped bacteria in enterocytes by warthin-starry and a modified ziehl-neelsen stain, (iii) pcr amplification of l. intracellularis dna from intestinal mucosa by using two oligonucleotide primer pairs targeting a 255-bp dna fragment of the 16 ...200314535931
relationship between the severity of porcine proliferative enteropathy and the infectious dose of lawsonia intracellularis. 200314582733
patterns of exposure to lawsonia intracellularis infection on european pig farms.a serological investigation was made of the patterns of exposure of pigs to lawsonia intracellularis, the causative agent of proliferative enteropathy (ileitis), on farms in france and spain. blood samples from groups of adult female pigs in breeding programmes and from postweaning pigs were monitored, the latter every month for five months, by a l. intracellularis-specific immunofluorescence seroassay. four of 33 farms monitored in france (12 per cent) and three of 29 farms monitored in spain ( ...200312542268
diarrhoea in the growing pig - a comparison of clinical, morphological and microbial findings between animals from good and poor performance herds.diarrhoea among growing pigs (8-13 weeks old) is a significant problem in many herds. nine herds with poor performance and diarrhoea among growing pigs were selected on the basis of their piglet mean age at a body weight of 25 kg, compared to the overall mean age in swedish herds. in addition, four herds with good average performance and no problems with diarrhoea were selected. pigs were necropsied and samples for histology and microbiology were collected. based on the necropsy findings, the pi ...200312589741
comparison of intestinal mucosa homogenate and pure culture of the homologous lawsonia intracellularis isolate in reproducing proliferative enteropathy in swine.little information is available on reproduction of proliferative enteropathy (pe) using a virulent pure culture of lawsonia intracellularis. reproduction of the disease using pe-diseased mucosa homogenates, however, is well-characterized. the aims of this study were to evaluate and compare clinical signs, growth performance and the severity of lesions in pigs inoculated with intestinal mucosa homogenate or pure culture of the homologous l. intracellularis isolate. five-week-old pigs were inocula ...200312637004
onset and duration of fecal shedding, cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in pigs after challenge with a pathogenic isolate or attenuated vaccine strain of lawsonia intracellularis.little is known about the humoral and, especially, cell-mediated immune response in pigs exposed to lawsonia intracellularis. the objectives of this study were to investigate the onset and duration of fecal shedding, cell-mediated and humoral immune responses in pigs after challenge with a pathogenic isolate or a commercial live vaccine strain of l. intracellularis. twenty-four 5-week-old pigs were exposed to 4.4x10(9) organisms of a pathogenic l. intracellularis isolate phe/mn1-00 (10 pigs), a ...200312458163
evaluation of lincomycin in drinking water for treatment of induced porcine proliferative enteropathy using a swine challenge model.a single-location, challenge-model study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of lincomycin against porcine proliferative enteropathy when administered through the drinking water at 125 and 250 mg/gallon. the primary variables of interest were pig removal rate, diarrhea scores, demeanor scores, and abdominal appearance scores. ancillary performance variables examined included average daily feed intake, average daily gain, and feed per gain. after a 3-day acclimation period, pigs were chal ...200415719323
[distribution of brachyspira hyodysenteriae and lawsonia intracellularis in healthy and diarrhoeic pigs].although brachyspira (b.) hyodysenteriae and lawsonia (l.) intracellularis are widely distributed in pigs in germany, there exists limited information on their clinical relevance. to get more insight into their potential role in swine diarrhoeal disease, in 2002 and 2003 faecal specimens from healthy pigs (n=1445) as well as from diarrhoeic pigs (n=2002) were tested by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of both agents. of the specimens from healthy pigs l. intracellularis and b. hy ...200415584431
evaluation of protective immunity in pigs following oral administration of an avirulent live vaccine of lawsonia intracellularis.to evaluate the efficacy of an orally administered avirulent live vaccine to protect pigs against challenge exposure with virulent lawsonia intracellularis.200415141873
prevalence of exposure and infection of lawsonia intracellularis among slaughter-age pigs.the extent of clinical or subclinical infection associated with lawsonia intracellularis within dutch pig herds was uncertain. a case-control study of slaughter age pigs was used to study natural infection within dutch herds and to compare diagnostic methods. from six case herds where clinical disease had been identified recently, and six disease-free herds, 40 pigs of slaughter-age were examined postmortem. the diagnostic methods used were: serology, gross examination, haematoxylin and eosin st ...200415276770
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