Publications

risk factors associated with neospora caninum abortion in ontario holstein dairy herds.	the objective of this epidemiological study was to identify risk factors for neospora caninum-related abortions in ontario holstein dairy herds. a total of 88 herds, consisting of 5080 cattle, and utilizing dairy herd improvement (dhi) services, were divided into three groups. case (n = 30) and first control (n = 31) herds were selected from 1998 and 1999 fetal abortion submissions to the animal health laboratory, university of guelph, that were histopathologically positive or negative, respecti ...	2005	15710518
applying biotin-streptavidin binding for iscom (immunostimulating complex) association of recombinant immunogens.	we have previously reported strategies for escherichia coli production of recombinant immunogens fused to hydrophobic peptide or lipid tags to improve their capacity to be incorporated into an adjuvant formulation. in the present study, we have explored the strong interaction between biotin and sa (streptavidin) (k(d) approximately 10(-15) m) to couple recombinant immunogens to iscoms (immunostimulating complexes). two different concepts were evaluated. in the first concept, a his(6)-tagged sa f ...	2005	15296488
use of avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and avidity western blot to discriminate between acute and chronic neospora caninum infection in cattle.	avidity serological tests (avidity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [elisa] and avidity western blot) were developed and used to differentiate between acute (primary infection, reinfection, and recrudescence) and chronic neospora caninum infection in cattle. in addition, the pattern of immunoglobulin g (igg) avidity maturation against different specific antigens of n. caninum tachyzoites was studied. sequential serum samples were collected from cattle naturally and experimentally infected with ...	2005	16312235
proportion of abortions due to neosporosis among dairy cattle in japan.	a retrospective cohort study was conducted to clarify the association between seropositive reactions to neospora caninum and subsequent reproductive disorders among dairy cattle in japan. a statistically significant association between neospora seropositive reactions and abortions was observed (p=0.016), and seropositive cattle were 6.1 times more likely to abort compared to seronegative cows. no significant differences were observed between seropositive reactions and other reproductive disorder ...	2005	16327231
confirmed clinical neospora caninum infection in a boxer puppy from argentina.	generalized neosporosis was diagnosed in a 2-month-old boxer puppy. the dog had a history of progressive paralysis and muscle atrophy, followed by cervical weakness, stiff jaws and dysphagia. the dog had a 1:12,800 antibody titer for neospora caninum and was negative for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). after euthanasia a complete necropsy was carried out. the puppy had a megaesophagus. microscopically, tachyzoites and tissue cysts were observed i ...	2005	15978728
[red fox (vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis].	red fox (vulpes vulpes) as reservoir of parasites and source of zoonosis. this review presents data from europe and poland on the prevalence of helminth and protozoan parasites in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). the most common nematodes were geohelminths: uncinaria stenocephala, toxocara canis and toxocara leonina. as concerning trichinella genus t. britovi was found more often than t. spiralis. among tapeworms the following species were recorded: mesocestoides lineatus, taenia sp., and echinococcus ...	2005	16838621
development of a practical immunochromatographic test with recombinant p50 for the diagnosis of babesia gibsoni infection in dogs.	an immunochromatographic test (ict), using recombinant truncated p50 (p50t), for the detection of antibodies to babesia gibsoni was developed and evaluated. whereas all sera from specific pathogen-free dogs were clearly negative, all sera from dogs experimentally infected with b. gibsoni were clearly positive in the ict. in addition, the ict detected no cross-reactivity with sera from dogs experimentally infected with closely related parasites, b. canis canis, b. canis vogeli, and b. canis rossi ...	2005	16336730
persistence of neospora caninum-specific immunoglobulin g antibodies in bovine blood and lung tissue stored at room temperature.	blood and tissue samples obtained at necropsy from carcasses showing varying degrees of postmortem decomposition are sometimes used as sources of antibodies for serological tests, primarily in studies involving wild animals or in examination of aborted fetuses. to test the persistence of antibodies in blood and lung tissue kept at room temperature (approximately 20degreesc) for up to 48 and 118 days, respectively, serum and lung fluid from neospora caninum-infected and uninfected cattle were tes ...	2005	16312237
use of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to rapidly differentiate neospora caninum from toxoplasma gondii in an adult dog with necrotizing myocarditis and myocardial infarct.	this report describes a 3-year-old male castrated mastiff dog that died unexpectedly with locally extensive, acute, necrotizing myocarditis and myocardial infarction. intralesional protozoal tachyzoites in the affected myocardium were confirmed to be neospora caninum by a novel multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and immunohistochemistry. protozoal organisms were not identified in other tissues by histology, immunohistochemistry, or pcr. the multiplex pcr assay was used to quickly provide ...	2005	16475515
[bovine neosporosis: general concepts, immunity and perspectives for vaccination].	neospora caninum causes abortions in cattle worldwide. the neospora-cycle of life is heteroxenous. dogs (canis familiaris) and coyotes (canis latrans) are the definitive hosts known at present. although, transplacental infection is an efficiently mode of transmission in cattle; there are also experimental and field data that prove horizontal transmission. several techniques are available for diagnosis since neosporosis is recognized as a disease that causes economic losses in cattle. the mechani ...	2005	16502644
immunisation of mice against neosporosis with recombinant ncsrs2 iscoms.	the coccidian parasite neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan, causing abortion in cattle in many countries around the world. in this study, the protective potential of the major n. caninum surface antigen ncsrs2, expressed in escherichia coli and formulated into immunostimulating complexes (iscoms), was investigated in an experimental mouse model. the recombinant protein was specially designed for binding to iscoms via biotin-streptavidin interaction. two groups of 10 balb/c mice were i ...	2005	15817199
relationship between type 1/type 2 immune responses and occurrence of vertical transmission in balb/c mice infected with neospora caninum.	to examine the relationship between occurrence of vertical transmission and type 1/type 2 immune responses induced by neospora caninum infection in balb/c mice, pregnant (group 1 p) and non-pregnant mice (group 1 np) were inoculated with 2 x 10(6) of the n. caninum parasites and then we examined the vertical transmission rate and production of ifn-gamma and il-4. we also studied chronically infected mice, which were bred at 4 weeks or more after infection (group 2), and mice inoculated during pr ...	2005	15817216
immune responses during pregnancy in heifers naturally infected with neospora caninum with and without immunization.	this study was designed to identify changes in parasite-specific immune responses that occur during vertical transmission of neospora caninum and can be used as indicators of parasite reactivation in naturally infected heifers. ten heifers were unimmunized and 11 immunized with killed tachyzoites. one unimmunized heifer, which aborted at week 19 of gestation, had an increase in parasite-specific antibodies, mainly igg(2), from week 15 to week 19 and a concomitant decline in parasite-specific cel ...	2005	15841416
isolation of neospora caninum from naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus).	attempts were made to isolate neospora caninum from naturally infected white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus). a total of 110 deer killed during the 2003 hunting season in virginia region were used for the isolation of n. caninum. of these, brains from 28 deer that had nat titer of 1:200 were inoculated into interferon-gamma gene knock out (ko) mice. n. caninum was isolated from the tissues of three deer and all three isolates were mildly virulent to ko mice. only one of the isolates could b ...	2005	15845280
occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in brazilian cervids kept in captivity.	neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite that causes disease in captive and domesticated animals and has been found in wild animals such as cervids. sera from 150 cervids of the genus mazama, were collected from 31 captive herds and 16 zoos from different brazilian regions and analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody test for anti-n. caninum antibodies. positive reactions were found in 42% (63) of the samples and the titers varied from 50 to 51,200. of the 86 cervids from the captive herds, 38 ...	2005	15845290
associations between pregnancy outcome and serological response to neospora caninum among a group of dairy heifers.	to monitor pregnancy in a group of rising 2-year-old dairy heifers on a farm on which abortion due to neospora caninum was known to occur in previous years.	2005	15846399
autofluorescence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum cysts in vitro.	autofluorescence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum was studied by fluorescence microscopy during their differentiation from tachyzoites to bradyzoites in vitro using vero as host cells. stage conversion into bradyzoites and cysts was confirmed by immunofluorescent microscopy and western blot analysis using sag1- and bag1-specific antibody, respectively. from day 4 postinfection (pi), pale blue autofluorescence of the bradyzoites and tissue cysts was observed with uv light at 330-385 nm, ...	2005	15856866
detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with truncated ncsrs2 expressed in escherichia coli.	the surface antigen 1-related sequence 2 of neospora caninum (ncsrs2) is considered as an immunodominant antigen. in this study, the gene encoding truncated ncsrs2 (ncsrs2t) lacking an n-terminal signal peptide and c-terminal hydrophobic regions was expressed in escherichia coli, and its diagnostic potential in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was evaluated. elisa could discriminate clearly between known n. caninum-positive and -negative sera from cattle. field serum samples collecte ...	2005	15856900
development of neospora caninum cultured with human serum in vitro and in vivo.	because there has been no report of symptomatic neospora caninum infection in humans, we examined the effect of human serum on the parasite's growth in either a bovine angioendothelial cell or caco-2 cell culture in vitro and in immunocompromised mice in vivo. there was no difference in intracellular parasite numbers between cells incubated with human serum at 24 hr after challenge and those incubated with fetal bovine serum (fbs), which has no titer for the anti-n. caninum agglutination antibod ...	2005	15856911
cutaneous manifestations of disseminated toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog.	a 3.5-year-old, castrated male, giant schnauzer was presented with alopecic pustular dermatitis. immune-mediated hemolytic anemia had been diagnosed 45 days previously. at the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone, azathioprine, and cyclosporine. cutaneous protozoosis was diagnosed, and postmortem examination revealed protozoa within cutaneous, cardiac, pancreatic, and pulmonary tissues. the protozoa divided by endodyogeny, had the morphology of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) tac ...	2005	15870255
igg avidity pattern in cattle after ingestion of neospora caninum oocysts.	the avidity (functional affinity) of specific antibodies are being used to estimate duration of bovine neospora caninum infection. here, we report for the first time the avidity pattern in cattle orally inoculated with n. caninum oocysts. in all, 16 pregnant cows and 7 calves were administered n. caninum oocysts. in the cows, the avidity increased during the early course of infection. in all but one, the avidity was < or = 35 during the first 6 weeks after infection and no cow had an avidity val ...	2005	15740856
culture of neospora caninum in the presence of a mycoplasma removal agent results in the selection of a mutant population of tachyzoites.	mycoplasmas are common contaminants of eukaryotic cells grown in tissue culture. a commercially available mycoplasma removal agent (mra) was therefore assessed for its effect on tachyzoites of neospora caninum, in order to determine its suitability for further use in parasite cell cultures. analyses of tachyzoite and excreted-secreted proteins and antigens by sds-page and western blotting show that mra treatment results in the rapid selection of a mutant population that differs from the control ...	2005	15977896
serological responses to neospora caninum in experimentally and naturally infected water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis).	the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) is an important natural host for neospora caninum. serologic responses to n. caninum were studied in experimentally and naturally infected water buffaloes in brazil. antibodies were assayed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) using a cut off value of 1:25. six buffaloes were each inoculated subcutaneously with 5 x 10(6) live culture-derived tachyzoites of the cattle illinois strain of n. caninum, and two calves were kept as uninoculated controls. ...	2005	15817198
neospora caninum in pastured cattle: determination of climatic, environmental, farm management and individual animal risk factors using remote sensing and geographical information systems.	a cross-sectional serological survey was conducted on cattle pasturing in an area of the southern italian apennines to evaluate the seroprevalence to neospora caninum, and to investigate the climatic, environmental, farm management, and individual animal factors that influence the distribution of this protozoan. blood samples were collected from 864 pastured cattle raised on 81 farms. serum samples were tested for antibodies to n. caninum using an elisa assay (herdcheck), idexx). a geographical ...	2005	15740859
identification and characterization of cross-reactive antigens from neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii.	murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against neospora caninum tachyzoites were produced to identify the cross-reactive antigens between n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii. ten mabs recognizing cross-reactive antigens of both parasites were obtained and tentatively classified into 6 different groups based on their reactivity patterns in an indirect fluorescent antibody test and western blot analysis. three mabs in group 1 recognized antigens located on the surface of parasites with molecular masses ...	2005	15991490
relationship between rainfall and neospora caninum-associated abortion in two dairy herds in a dry environment.	the possible direct relationship between climate variations and abortion in neospora caninum-infected cows has not been studied. the objective of this study was to determine whether climate changes could be a risk factor for abortion in n. caninum-infected cows, and was based on yearly serological screening for neosporosis and on the confirmation of n. caninum infection on aborted fetuses in two high-producing dairy herds with a mean 27% seroprevalence of n. caninum antibodies. the final populat ...	2005	15876229
reduction in transplacental transmission of neospora caninum in outbred mice by vaccination.	infection with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum is an important cause of abortion in cattle. a major source of infection is transplacental transfer of the parasite from mother to offspring during pregnancy. this study describes investigations on the immunisation of outbred qs mice before pregnancy with live or a crude lysate of n. caninum (nc-nowra isolate) to prevent transplacental transfer of a challenge infection administered during pregnancy. parasites present in the brains of pups fr ...	2005	15885695
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle with reproductive disorders in japan.	serum samples from 145 dairy and 65 beef cattle with reproductive disorders and 54 normally calving dairy cattle (controls) in japan were tested for presence of neospora caninum antibodies by use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat, titer 1:200). overall, seroprevalence of n. caninum was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in dairy cattle (20.0%, 29/145) than in beef cattle (1.5%, 1/65). in cattle which aborted, seroprevalence of n. caninum was significantly higher (p = 0.041) in dairy c ...	2005	15893065
effects of host maturity and prior exposure history on the production of neospora caninum oocysts by dogs.	to investigate whether dogs shed neospora caninum oocysts more than once, five dogs with a previous history of shedding oocysts were fed infected bovine tissues. two of three dogs shed oocysts when they were re-exposed 18-20 months after the first challenge; two other dogs re-exposed earlier, only 8 months after the primary exposure, did not produce oocysts. these results suggest that dogs may become refractory to shedding n. caninum oocysts for a period approximately between 8 and 18 months aft ...	2005	16029931
prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasmagondii and neosporacaninum in red foxes (vulpesvulpes) from around the uk.	the purpose of this study was to establish the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in a random sample of red foxes from around the uk. lung fluid from over 500 foxes was examined using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. reciprocal titres of specific antibodies to t. gondii or n. caninum ranged from < 1:16 to 1:1024. a titre of 1:128 or greater was deemed indicative of exposure to the parasite. one hundred and eleven (20%) of the 549 foxes tested were seropositi ...	2005	15893084
prevalence and transmission of neospora caninum within infected swedish dairy herds.	in this long-term study, the changes in within-herd neospora caninum seroprevalences and the relative importance of horizontal and vertical parasite transmission in swedish dairy herds were investigated. the within-herd prevalences varied between 5.8% and 65.0% when the herds were first sampled. comparing the prevalences of year 2000 with those found 2-3 years later, nine out of 14 investigated herds had a similar or lower within-herd prevalence while five herds had an increased portion of serop ...	2005	15740858
detection of specific antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in naturally infected alpacas (lama pacos), llamas (lama glama) and vicunas (lama vicugna) from peru and germany.	sera of an experimentally neospora caninum infected llama and a non-infected control llama were used to establish an immunoblot, an elisa and an ifat to detect antibodies against n. caninum tachyzoites. subsequently, serum samples collected from a total of 871 south american camelids (sac: lama glama, lama pacos, lama vicugna) of two farms in peru and from 32 sac of a farm in central germany were examined for antibodies against n. caninum and toxoplasma gondii. based on the recognition of specif ...	2005	15893073
toxoplasma gondii-like organisms in skin aspirates from a cat with disseminated protozoal infection.	an 8-year-old, male domestic shorthair cat was referred to the matthew j. ryan veterinary hospital of the university of pennsylvania with a 3-day history of lethargy, inappetance, hyperemic skin nodules, coughing, and vomiting. laboratory results included nonregenerative anemia, lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypoalbuminemia, hyponatremia, and increased alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities. cytology of the skin nodules revealed many spindle- to crescent-shaped proto ...	2005	15902669
serological status for n. caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus at pregnancy testing and reproductive performance in beef herds.	neospora caninum, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) are important differentials for the diagnosis of infectious reproductive loss in beef herds. the objective of this study was to describe the serological status of both pregnant and non-pregnant beef cows from herds with varying levels of reproductive success. the study provided an opportunity to examine whether there were any associations between serological status for bvdv, ibr, and n. caninum and ...	2005	15893892
antibodies to neospora caninum in stray cats from north italy.	antibodies to neospora caninum were determined in serum samples from 282 stray cats coming from four colonies near turin (north-west italy). sera were tested using a neospora agglutination test (nat). seroprevalence was 24.8% at 1:80, 12.8% at 1:160 and 5.3% at 1:320 dilution. seroprevalence in females and males, in different colonies and in different age classes, did not differ significantly. our results confirm that domestic cats are exposed to n. caninum and the observed seroprevalences sugge ...	2005	15919155
[first documentation of a neospora-induced "abortion storm" (exogenous transplacental transmission of neospora caninum) in a swiss dairy farm].	in a swiss dairy farm (canton of geneva) consisting of 73 animals 8 abortions were observed within 2 weeks. serological and molecular biological analyses (pcr) on aborting dams, and abortion materials, respectively, revealed that the protozoan parasite neospora caninum was the causative agent. besides the 8 aborting animals, 12 other non-aborting heifers were found to be serologically positive for this parasite. all positive sera were further tested in an avidity-elisa to elucidate the recency o ...	2005	15801622
the effects of ponazuril on development of apicomplexans in vitro.	we examined the effects of 5 microg/ml ponazuril treatment on developing tachyzoites of neospora caninum and merozoites of sarcocystis neurona to better determine the mode of action of this anticoccidial drug. both parasites develop asexually by endogenesis. neospora caninum was selected for study because it develops by endodyogeny, which results in two tachyzoites being produced internally, and s. neurona was selected because it develops by endopolygeny which results in many merozoites being pr ...	2005	15926999
exploration of immunoblot profiles of neospora caninum probed with different bovine immunoglobulin classes.	the present study was attempted to compare the neospora caninum (n. caninum) antigenic bands recognized by different bovine immunoglobulin classes. a total 10, 5, 2, and 6 antigenic bands were exhibited on immunoblot profiles against bovine igm, ige, iga, and igg, respectively. a 46 kda band was probed as a common antigenic band except iga; 69 kda band was bovine igm and ige; 33, 37, 55, and 79 kda bands were bovine igm and igg; 72 kda band was found igm and iga profiles. based on the analysis, ...	2005	15933437
effect of neosporosis on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cattle in costa rica.	a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the effect of neosporosis on productive and reproductive parameters in dairy cows. cows (n=2743) from 94 farms located in the most important dairy areas in costa rica were used in the study. the size of the herds ranged from 32 to 379 females (mean=110, median=125). an indirect elisa was used to determine the serostatus of the cows towards neospora caninum. the effect of neosporosis on milk production was analysed by a mixed linear model. in additi ...	2005	15936812
the sylvatic cycle of neospora caninum: where do we go from here?	bovine abortions due to neospora caninum infection are a major cattle-production problem worldwide. the parasite is readily maintained in cattle populations by vertical transmission. the domestic dog excretes oocysts in its feces and, after sporulation, these oocysts are infectious to cattle. current control measures are aimed at culling infected cows and limiting the access of cattle to infective oocysts. the recent revelations that coyotes (canis latrans) can excrete n. caninum oocysts in thei ...	2005	16098812
development of rapid immunochromatographic test with recombinant ncsag1 for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle.	an immunochromatographic test (ict) with recombinant surface antigen 1 of neospora caninum (ncsag1) was developed for the rapid detection of antibodies to n. caninum in cattle. the ict was used to clearly discriminate between immunofluorescent-antibody test (ifat)-positive bovine sera and ifat-negative bovine sera. serum samples collected from cattle in yanbian, china, were examined by the ict. of the 96 serum samples, 23 (24.0%) were positive by the ict, and 19 (19.8%) samples were positive by ...	2005	16002641
effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum on culling in dairy cattle in four canadian provinces.	the purpose of this research was to determine the effects of seropositivity for exposure to bovine leukemia virus (blv), bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and neospora caninum (nc) on overall and reason-specific culling in canadian dairy cattle. serum samples from, approximately, 30 randomly selected cows from 134 herds were tested for antibodies against blv, map and nc using commercially available elisa test kits, while 5 unvaccinated cat ...	2005	15970402
phylogenetic congruence of sarcocystis neurona dubey et al., 1991 (apicomplexa: sarcocystidae) in the united states based on sequence analysis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp).	the objectives of the present study were to assess the genetic diversity, phylogeny and phylogeographical relationships of available sarcocystis neurona isolates from different localities in the united states. all 13 sarcocystis isolates from different hosts were subjected to polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analyses using two published dna markers (25/396 and 33/54). the 334 bp sequence of the 25/396 marker of these isolates and besnoitia darlingi, b ...	2005	16025209
serologic immunoreactivity to neospora caninum antigens in dogs determined by indirect immunofluorescence, western blotting and dot-elisa.	neospora caninum, is a coccidian protozoan known as a major cause of bovine abortion and canine neuropathies. the aim of the present study was to develop a reliable and quick test to detect antibodies to n. caninum in dog sera. sixty-five serum samples from dogs, including 35 positive and 30 negative for n. caninum antibodies were used for standardization of the test. in parallel, immunoreactivity of the sera to toxoplasma gondii antigens was investigated using a passive agglutination test. a do ...	2005	15893072
seronegative conversion in four neospora caninum-infected cows, with a low rate of transplacental transmission.	four neospora-seropositive pregnant cows (prebreeding indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) titers between 1:400 and 1:1600) were confined and observed until parturition. all cows gave birth to normal calves. selected tissues were tested for nc by histopathology, immunohistochemical (ihc) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). parasite isolation was attempted in vero cell cultures. at parturition, all cows were seronegative at 1:200 and two of four cows had a titer of 1:100 when further tested. thre ...	2005	15939537
evaluation of three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in bulk milk.	three elisas for the detection of antibodies against neospora caninum in bulk milk were evaluated in 162 dutch dairy herds. the first elisa was the dutch animal health service (ahs) in-house elisa, developed from the routine in-house serum elisa. the other two elisas were commercial milk elisas from idexx and lsi. blood samples of all lactating cows in 162 dairy herds were tested using the ahs in-house serum elisa. based on previous studies in the netherlands a within-herd n. caninum seroprevale ...	2005	15970385
neospora caninum: adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes precipitates disease in balb/c mice.	neospora caninum is a recently described apicomplexan parasite first isolated from a dog in 1988 and has subsequently been shown to infect a wide range of mammals. in mice, neospora can cause primary pneumonia, myositis, encephalitis, radiculoneuritis, and pancreatitis. whereas, certain aspects of the host immune response to toxoplasma gondii have been well studied, not as much is known about the full immune response to neospora. this paper examines whether or not immune splenocytes are able to ...	2005	15916811
hplc purification of recombinant ncgra6 antigen improves enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of bovine neosporosis.	the gene for a dense granule protein (ncgra6) of neospora caninum was expressed in escherichia coli as a his-tag fusion protein and purified by ninta affinity chromatography. in a preliminary study, high binding of antibodies from n. caninum-negative cows was observed in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using ninta-purified ncgra6. analysis of ninta eluates revealed a significant number of e. coli proteins that co-purified with recombinant ncgra6. in an attempt to improve the relative s ...	2005	15970387
in vitro efficacies of nitazoxanide and other thiazolides against neospora caninum tachyzoites reveal antiparasitic activity independent of the nitro group.	the thiazolide nitazoxanide [2-acetolyloxy-n-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] (ntz) exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of intestinal and tissue-dwelling helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans. the drug has been postulated to act via reduction of its nitro group by nitroreductases, including pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase. in this study, we investigated the efficacies of nitazoxanide and a number of other thiazolides against neospora ...	2005	16127045
immune response to neospora caninum in naturally infected heifers and heifers vaccinated with inactivated antigen during the second trimester of gestation.	the objective of this study was to compare the immune response to neospora caninum in naturally infected heifers and heifers inoculated with a killed whole n. caninum tachyzoite preparation during the second trimester of gestation. nine holstein heifers were used in this study; three naturally infected heifers were born from seropositive dams, and six seronegative heifers were born from seronegative dams. four seronegative heifers were subcutaneously vaccinated with a killed whole n. caninum tac ...	2005	15893067
identification and characterization of neospora caninum cyclophilin that elicits gamma interferon production.	gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) response is essential to the development of a host protective immunity in response to infections by intracellular parasites. neosporosis, an infection caused by the intracellular protozoan parasite neospora caninum, is fatal when there is a complete lack of ifn-gamma in the infected host. however, the mechanism by which ifn-gamma is elicited by the invading parasite is unclear. this study has identified a microbial protein in the n. caninum tachyzoite n. caninum cycl ...	2005	16041025
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in sika deer from eastern hokkaido, japan.	brain and serum were collected from 120 and 12 free-ranging sika deer (cervus nippon yesoensis), respectively, from six regions in eastern hokkaido during controlled hunts in the autumn of 2003. brains were tested for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii dna by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays. antibodies to toxoplasma gondii were measured by means of a latex agglutination test. no brain tested positive for either type of dna, and no antibody to toxoplasma gondii was detected in serum, s ...	2005	16107684
inhibitory activities of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted dihydroxyisoflavone and trihydroxydeoxybenzoin derivatives on sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum development.	several gene sequences of parasitic protozoa belonging to protein kinase gene families and epidermal growth factor (egf)-like peptides, which act via binding to receptor tyrosine kinases of the egf receptor (egfr) family, appear to mediate host-protozoan interactions. as a clue to egfr protein tyrosine kinase (ptk) mediation and a novel approach for identifying anticoccidial agents, activities against sarcocystis neurona, neospora caninum, and cryptosporidium parvum grown in bm and hct-8 cell cu ...	2005	16251305
occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from the northern region of brazil.	anti-neospora caninum antibodies were determined in sera of 196 water buffaloes (bubalus bubalis) from three farms of the northern region of brazil, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. antibody titers were found in 139 (70.9%) buffaloes with dilution values ranging from > or =25 to <200 in 41 animals, > or =200 to <800 in 35 animals, and > or =800 in 63 animals. the number of animals presenting titers > or =800 was statistically higher (p<0.05). all farms presented positive animals, how ...	2005	16051440
endogenous and exogenous transplacental infection in neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii.	it is clear from researching the vertical transmission of neospora caninum in cattle that the terms 'vertical', 'congenital' and, indeed, 'transplacental' are inadequate for describing two extremely different situations that have fundamentally different immunological, epidemiological and control implications. a similar situation pertains to toxoplasma gondii in different hosts. we advocate the use of the terms 'endogenous transplacental infection (tpi)' to define foetal infection from a recrudes ...	2005	16223599
recombinant nhsag1 elisa: a sensitive and specific assay for detecting antibodies against neospora hughesi in equine serum.	neospora hughesi is a recently identified cause of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. however, the significance of this parasite is poorly understood. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with a recombinant form of the n. hughesi 29-kda surface antigen (rnhsag1) was developed for serodiagnosis of equine n. hughesi infections. parallel elisa analysis showed that animals immunized or infected with n. hughesi exhibited greater antibody reactivity with rnhsag1 than with the neospora caninum ...	2005	15986623
neospora caninum antigens defined by antigen-dependent bovine cd4+ t cells.	neosporosis is an important cause of pregnancy loss in cattle worldwide. the objective of the present study was to identify neospora caninum antigens as vaccine candidates using antigen-specific, short-term cd4+ t cells established from n. caninum-immunized and -challenged cows. whole n. caninum tachyzoite lysate was separated into 6 fractions by deae anion-exchange chromatography using high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). the cd4+ t-cell proliferation assay results indicated that antigen ...	2005	16108548
neospora caninum seropositivity and association with abortions in dairy cows in mexico.	the seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection was estimated from a sample of 813 cattle from 20 dairy herds in five regions in mexico. the true prevalence of infection was estimated to be 42% (95% ci: 39, 46). seropositivity was associated with abortion (odds ratio (or)=2.0) and was higher among cows raised on-farm (41%), than among replacement cattle purchased outside the farm (28%). the ors relating abortion to seropositivity in individual herds ranged from 1.3 to 10. overall, 26% of the ab ...	2005	16098675
differential detection of hammondia hammondi from toxoplasma gondii using polymerase chain reaction.	hammondia hammondi and toxoplasma gondii are two related coccidian parasites, with cats as definitive hosts and warm-blooded animals as intermediate hosts. it is difficult to differentiate them by morphological and serological parameters. in the present study, primers were designed to specifically amplify the its-1 region of h. hammondi to differentiate it from t. gondii. attempts were made to detect the presence of h. hammondi dna in the tissues of mice infected with h. hammondi alone, as well ...	2005	16153883
characterization of the b-cell immune response elicited in balb/c mice challenged with neospora caninum tachyzoites.	activation of b cells occurring in hosts infected with protozoan parasites has been implicated either in protective or parasite-evasion immune-mediated mechanisms. intraperitoneal inoculation of neospora caninum tachyzoites into balb/c mice induces an acute response characterized by a rapid increase in the numbers of cd69-expressing peritoneal and splenic b cells. this early b-cell stimulatory effect preceded an increase in the numbers of total and immunoglobulin-secreting splenic b cells and a ...	2005	16108816
comparison of proteome and antigenic proteome between two neospora caninum isolates.	this study was conducted to explore the relationship between two isolates of neospora caninum (n. caninum) (kba-2 and vmdl-1) using proteomics. to achieve the goal, proteins of n. caninum tachyzoite lysates of kba-2 and vmdl-1 were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de), stained with silver-nitrate and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) to compare protein profiles. in addition, proteins separated by 2-de wer ...	2005	16098674
the host-parasite relationship in bovine neosporosis.	infection with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum is thought to be a major cause of reproductive failure in cattle worldwide. cattle infected with the parasite are three to seven times more likely to abort compared to uninfected cattle. the parasite may be transmitted to cattle through the ingestion of oocysts that are shed in the faeces of acutely infected dogs (definitive host of n. caninum) or by congenital infection from mother to foetus via the placenta. interestingly, transplacental t ...	2005	16098610
reduced infection and protection from clinical signs of cerebral neosporosis in c57bl/6 mice vaccinated with recombinant microneme antigen ncmic1.	ncmic1 is a 460 amino acid neospora caninum microneme protein implicated in host cell adhesion and invasion processes. in this study, we assessed the potential protectivity of ncmic1-based vaccination against experimental n. caninum infection in mice, employing both recombinant antigen vaccines and dna vaccines. recombinant ncmic1 (recncmic1) was expressed in escherichia coli as gluthatione-s-transferase-fusion protein. the corresponding ncmic1 cdna was cloned into the pcdna3.1 expression plasmi ...	2005	16108562
environmental effect on the occurrence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in pampas-deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus).	sera obtained from pampas-deer (ozotoceros bezoarticus) captured in two different brazilian environments were analyzed for the presence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies by the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). samples were collected from 23 animals from a savanna area in the national park of emas, in the state of goiás, brazil. this area is surrounded by cultivated lands and allows very little contact between wild and domestic animals. another batch of samples was collected from 16 a ...	2005	16112811
neospora caninum protein disulfide isomerase is involved in tachyzoite-host cell interaction.	we have previously shown that treatment of neospora caninum tachyzoites with the aspartyl protease inhibitor pepstatin a reduces host cell invasion [naguleswaran, a., muller, n., hemphill, a., 2003. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii: a novel adhesion/invasion assay reveals distinct differences in tachyzoite-host cell interactions. exp. parasitol. 104, 149-158]. pepstatin a-affinity-chromatography led to the isolation of a major band of approximately 52 kda which was identified as a homologu ...	2005	16129440
subcellular fractionation and molecular characterization of the pellicle and plasmalemma of neospora caninum.	a characteristic structural feature of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum is the presence of a triple-membrane pellicle, on the zoite stages of their complex life-cycle. here we report the results of electron microscopic studies which show that the pellicle is made of a typical plasmalemma covered on its cytoplasmic side by a system of flattened vesicles named the inner membrane complex. using methods described previously for the purification of pellicle and plasmalemma fractions from t. gon ...	2005	16174411
toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein 3 (gra3) is a type i transmembrane protein that possesses a cytoplasmic dilysine (kkxx) endoplasmic reticulum (er) retrieval motif.	studies using antibodies to immunolocalize the toxoplasma gondii dense granule protein gra3, have shown that this protein associates strongly with the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (pvm). however, as there was no predicted membrane-spanning domain this highlighted an unanswered paradox. we demonstrate that the previously published sequence for gra3 is actually an artificial chimera of 2 proteins. one protein, of molecular weight 65 kda, shares the c-terminus with published gra3 and possesses ...	2005	16149193
oocysts of neospora caninum, hammondia heydorni, toxoplasma gondii and hammondia hammondi in faeces collected from dogs in germany.	faecal samples of 24,089 dogs were examined coproscopically in two veterinary laboratories in germany between march 2001 and october 2004. in 47 dogs, oocysts of 9-14 microm size were found. their morphology was similar to those of hammondia heydorni and neospora caninum. samples of 28 of these dogs were further examined by inoculation into gerbils: seven isolates induced a specific antibody response against antigens of n. caninum nc-1 tachyzoites. this response suggests that the isolates contai ...	2005	16197949
association between neospora caninum antibodies and blue tongue vaccination in dairy cows.		2005	16244963
attachment and invasion of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum to epithelial and fibroblast cell lines in vitro.	attachment and invasion of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum to a cat and a dog fibroblast cell line and 2 epithelial cell lines (a cat kidney and vero) were compared in vitro using fluorescence antibody methodology. in addition, trypsin treatment of tachyzoites was used to determine whether protein molecules were essential to the process of invasion. the results show that both t. gondii and n. caninum invaded all 4 cell lines, and that pre-treatment of t. gondii tachyzoites with trypsin ca ...	2005	16255816
evaluation of homologous, heterologous, and affinity conjugates for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus).	use of serological tests in the diagnosis of infectious diseases in wild animals has several limitations, primarily the difficulty of obtaining species-specific reagents. wild canids, such as maned wolves (chrysocyon brachyurus), are highly predisposed to infection by toxoplasma gondii and, to a lesser extent, to neospora caninum. the aim of the present study was to evaluate homologous, heterologous, and affinity conjugates in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) and indirect fluorescent ...	2005	16419770
prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in wild animals.	antibodies to neospora caninum were determined in several species of wild animals in the united states by the neospora agglutination test (nat). antibodies (nat 1:40 or higher) were found in 5 of 249 bison (bison bison), 5 of 160 caribou (rangifer tarandus), 4 of 162 moose (alces alces), 4 of 122 wolves (canis lupus), and 1 of 224 musk ox (ovibos moschatus) but not in 197 black bears (ursus americanus). to our knowledge, this is the first report of antibodies to n. caninum in bison and caribou. ...	2005	16419771
adaptation of neospora caninum isolates to cell-culture changes: an argument in favor of its clonal population structure.	neospora caninum, a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, is considered to be a major cause of bovine abortion worldwide. although its life cycle is not completely known, recent studies suggest that the sexual stage occurs in dogs. the prevalence of sexual reproduction in n. caninum, however, is unknown. we investigated the ability of 3 n. caninum isolates (nc-1, nc-sweb1, and nc-liverpool) to propagate asexually for approximately 250 parasite generations in a cell line in which the ...	2005	16108539
neospora caninum infection in a free-ranging raccoon (procyon lotor) with concurrent canine distemper virus infection.	during a canine distemper virus (cdv) outbreak in raccoons (procyon lotor) from cook county, illinois, a juvenile female suffering from seizures was killed and necropsied. gross and histologic findings of necrotizing encephalitis and proliferative bronchopneumonia were attributed to cdv infection and considered the cause of clinical signs. a section of cerebellum stained immunohistochemically for neospora caninum revealed an approximately 40 microm diameter, round to oval cyst with a 2- to 3-mic ...	2005	17089776
antibodies against toxoplasma gondii in the pacific bottlenose dolphin (tursiops aduncus) from the solomon islands.	serum samples from 58 pacific bottlenose dolphins (tursiops aduncus) from the solomon islands were tested for the igg antibody to toxoplasma gondii by the latex agglutination test (lat), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and immunoblotting. the elisa cut-off value was taken as od > or = 0.276, and the final dilution ratio, recognized as positive, was represented by the end titer. in 25 of 58 samples, no antibody activity was detected by lat and elisa. in 8 of 58 samples, anti-t. gondii ...	2005	17089778
immunization with native surface protein ncsrs2 induces a th2 immune response and reduces congenital neospora caninum transmission in mice.	ncsrs2, a tachyzoite surface protein of neospora caninum, is an immunodominant protein with respect to induction of antibody production and has a role in attachment and invasion of host cells. native ncsrs2 was isolated from whole tachyzoite lysate antigen by affinity chromatography using ncsrs2 specific monoclonal antibody and used to immunize balb/c mice in a congenital transmission study. ncsrs2 was a highly conserved protein as indicated by comparison of deduced amino acid sequence obtained ...	2005	16051244
[survey of neospora caninum in cattle in some provinces in the eastern anatolian region.]	this study was carried out in order to investigate the presence of neospora caninum in cattle in the elaziğ, malatya, muş and bingöl provinces from january 2003- may 2004. blood samples were collected from 513 cattle and 32 aborting cows that were of various breeds and ages in all provinces. sera were obtained from these animals and antibodies against n. caninum were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). a commercially available competitive elisa (celisa) kit (vmrd, i ...	2005	17167738
vaccination as a control strategy against the coccidial parasites eimeria, toxoplasma and neospora.	the protozoan parasites eimeria spp. toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are significant causes of disease in livestock worldwide and t. gondii is also an important human pathogen. drugs have been used with varying success to help control aspects of these diseases and commercial vaccines are available for all three groups of parasites. however, there are issues with increasing development of resistance to many of the anti-coccidial drugs used to help control avian eimeriosis and public concer ...	2006	17274844
seroprevalence of neosporosis in beef and dairy cattle breeds in northeast hungary.	in order to assess the seroprevalence of bovine neosporosis with indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), blood samples were collected randomly from 1063 beef and dairy cattle belonging to 12 different breeds in northeast hungary. antibodies to neospora caninum were detected in 27 (2.5%) of the animals, kept on 19 of the 42 settlements included in this survey. since samples were collected on 50 farms, herd prevalence amounted to 38%. the percentage of cattle with seroconversion increased with ...	2006	17278720
monoclonal antibody directed against neospora caninum tachyzoite carbohydrate epitope reacts specifically with apical complex-associated sialylated beta tubulin.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated against whole sonicated neospora caninum tachyzoites as immunogen. initial elisa screening of the reactivity of hybridoma culture supernatants using the same antigen and antigen treated with sodium periodate prior to antibody binding resulted in the identification of 8 supernatants with reactivity against putative carbohydrate epitopes. following immunoblotting, mab6d12 (igg1), binding a 52/48-kda doublet, and mab6c6 (igm), binding a 190/180-kda double ...	2006	17304800
comparative effect of neospora caninum infection in balb/c mice at three different gestation periods.	neospora caninum has been recognized as a major cause of infectious bovine abortion worldwide. in the present study, the effect of n. caninum infection in mice at the 3 gestation periods (first, second, and third period) was investigated. in dams, tissue distribution of n. caninum was evaluated by nested polymerase chain reaction. in the progeny, fetal mortality, stillbirth, litter size, neonatal mortality/morbidity, vertical transmission, and parasite burden in neonatal tissues were evaluated. ...	2006	17304808
serological evidence of neospora caninum in dual-purpose cattle herds in venezuela.	bovine neosporosis is a parasitic disease produced by neospora caninum that induces abortion in cows, and consequently has a negative impact on the herd's reproductive efficiency. the main objective of this research was to determine the serological evidence of n. caninum in cattle herds from venezuela using an indirect antibody capture elisa test. four hundred and fifty-nine (459) serum samples from crossbred adult cows were collected to be tested for neospora antibodies. the sampled cows came f ...	2006	16423467
humoral immune reaction of newborn calves congenitally infected with neospora caninum and experimentally treated with toltrazuril.	neospora caninum is widely recognized as one of the most important infectious organisms causing abortion and stillbirth in cattle. this parasite causes severe economical losses worldwide. infection is mostly passed vertically from mother to calf during pregnancy. under certain circumstances, an infection can lead to abortion, but in most cases it results in a chronically infected calf, which itself will represent the next endogenously infectious generation. so far, no reliable therapeutic or met ...	2006	16628455
seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, neospora caninum, bovine leukemia virus, and bovine viral diarrhea virus infection among dairy cattle and herds in alberta and agroecological risk factors associated with seropositivity.	a province-wide, cross-sectional seroprevalence and agroecological risk factor study of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), neospora caninum (nc), bovine leukemia virus (blv), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) genotypes 1 and 2 (bvdv1 and bvdv2) infection in dairy cattle herds in alberta was conducted. among adults, the seroprevalence of map, nc, and blv was 9.1%, 18.5%, and 26.9%, respectively. for map, based on a herd test cutpoint of 2 or more seropositive cows, 58.8% ...	2006	17078247
serosurvey of roe deer, chamois and domestic sheep in the central italian alps.	roe deer (capreolus capreolus), chamois (rupicapra rupricapra rupicapra), and domestic sheep in the orobie alps, italy, were serologically tested for antibodies to selected pathogens that may be transmitted across species. antibodies against brucella spp. and bovine herpesvirus 1 (roe deer and chamois only) were not detected in any species. in roe deer, antibodies were detected against toxoplasma gondii (13%) and neospora caninum (3%). chamois tested positive for antibodies to t. gondii (5%), n. ...	2006	17092903
[biological characteristics of the korean isolate ki-1 of toxoplasma gondii].	to study the biological characteristics of newly isolated toxoplasma gondii korean isolate-1 (ki-1).	2006	17094617
dynamics of transcription of immunomodulatory genes in endothelial cells infected with different coccidian parasites.	sporozoites of eimeria bovis and tachyzoites of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are able to invade and to replicate in endothelial cells. here we report on responses of bovine umbilical vein endothelial cells (buvec) in vitro to these coccidial infections by determining mrna levels of the cxc chemokines gro-alpha, il-8 and ip-10, the cc chemokines mcp-1 and rantes and of gm-csf, cox-2 and inos relative to the level of housekeeping gene (gapdh) transcription. t. gondii and n. caninum tachy ...	2006	16930845
simulating the impact of four control strategies on the population dynamics of neospora caninum infection in swiss dairy cattle.	a dynamic deterministic simulation model was developed to assess the impact of different putative control strategies on the seroprevalence of neospora caninum in female swiss dairy cattle. the model structure comprised compartments of "susceptible" and "infected" animals (si-model) and the cattle population was divided into 12 age classes. a reference model (model 1) was developed to simulate the current (status quo) situation (present seroprevalence in switzerland 12%), taking into account avai ...	2006	16962190
fatal hepatic sarcocystosis in a puppy with eosinophilia and eosinophilic peritoneal effusion.	a 3-month-old male golden retriever puppy was evaluated for lethargy and fever of 2-days duration. results of a cbc and biochemical profile revealed marked eosinophilia (6.3 x 10(3)/microl; reference interval 0.1-1.2 x 10(3)/microl), moderate thrombocytopenia, and increased activities of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase. hepatomegaly and peritoneal effusion were found using abdominal ultrasound. peritoneal fluid analysis revealed eosinophilic inflammation ...	2006	16967426
[search for neospora caninum dna in bull semen using pcr ].	neospora caninum represents one of the most frequent abortifaciant organisms worldwide. the parasite is diaplacentally transmitted from the pregnant cow to the fetus, where it normally leads to the delivery of a healthy, however persistently infected calf. abortion thus is a relative rare event. the transmission of bovine neosporosis occurs in more than 90% of the cases vertically due to the endogenous reactivation of a persistently infected mother. exogenous infections are therefore responsible ...	2006	17024977
[distribution of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows at municipalities of resende and rio claro in the state of rio de janeiro, brazil].	this study aimed to verify the prevalence of anti-neospora caninum antibodies in dairy cows from municipalities of resende and rio claro, both located at sulfluminense dairy belt. a total of 29 farms from resende and 28 from rio claro were randomly selected. to evaluate the association between herds and animals against the etiological agent χ² tests were used. seventy eight animals at resende (25.74%, confidence intervals(ic) at 95%: 15.7-25.8%) had anti-n. caninum antibodies, while 53 animals ( ...	2006	16978473
[prevalence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum in bovines from anápolis and goiânia microregions, goiás, brazil].	the prevalence of antibodies anti-neospora caninum in bovines was determined in 21 farms from anápolis and goiânia microregions, in goiás, brazil. out of these 11 were dairy farms (holstein and crossbred holstein-zebu), nine had beef cattle (nelore) and one was for mixed exploitation (simental). blood samples were collected from 930 animals, and sera obtained were separated and stored at -20 degrees c. serum samples were examined by the immunofluorescent antibody technique (ifat), using tachyzoi ...	2006	16978474
financial analysis of various strategies for the control of neospora caninum in dairy cattle in switzerland.	the present study was conducted to estimate the direct losses due to neospora caninum in swiss dairy cattle and to assess the costs and benefits of different potential control strategies. a monte carlo simulation spreadsheet module was developed to estimate the direct costs caused by n. caninum, with and without control strategies, and to estimate the costs of these control strategies in a financial analysis. the control strategies considered were "testing and culling of seropositive female catt ...	2006	16982104
[reaction of bovine endothelial cells in vitro to coccidia (eimeria bovis, toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum) infections as the expression of a non-adaptive immune response].	eimeria (e.) bovis sporozoites as well as toxoplasma (t.) gondii and neospora (n.) caninum tachyzoites can invade bovine endothelial cells (buvec) in vitro and develop to next stage meronts within 15-20 and 3-4 days, respectively. the latter differences suggest different immune evasion strategies, particularly concerning innate reactions. realtime rt-pcr techniques were used to determine transcript levels of genes relevant in this sense, i.e. adhesion molecule, chemokine, growth factor gm-csf, c ...	2006	17009708
characterization of the immune response in the placenta of cattle experimentally infected with neospora caninum in early gestation.	a serial examination of three groups of cattle infected intravenously (iv) (group 1, n=8) or subcutaneously (sc) (group 2, n=8) with live neospora caninum tachyzoites or with vero cells (group 3, n=8) at 70 days' gestation was carried out and the nature of the inflammatory responses in the placenta and the presence of parasite antigen were analysed. immune cells expressing cd3, cd4, cd8, gamma delta (gammadelta) t-cell receptors (tcr), cd79alpha cytoplasmic (cy) (b cells) and nkp46 [natural kill ...	2006	16997005
use of an immunodominant p17 antigenic fraction of neospora caninum in detection of antibody response in cattle.	a neospora caninum 17 kda protein fraction (p17) has been described as an immunodominant antigen (ida) under reducing and non-reducing conditions. the aim of the present study was to investigate the diagnostic utility of p17 in cattle. in order to achieve this, p17 was purified by electroelution from whole n. caninum tachyzoite soluble extract and a p17-based western blot (wb-p17) was developed. the p17 recognition was measured by densitometry and expressed as od values to check the validity of ...	2006	17072457
first report of neospora caninum abortion in a beef cow-calf herd from andorra, europe.	neospora caninum-associated abortion was diagnosed in a 7-mo gestational age beef cow fetus from andorra. the fetus had a multifocal necrotizing encephalitis and nonpurulent multifocal myocarditis. the diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of n. caninum dna by polymerase chain reaction and tachyzoites by specific staining with n. caninum polyclonal antibodies in the fetal brain. the dam of the aborted fetus had serum n. caninum antibodies at the time of abortion but not 2 mo before abortion t ...	2006	17304821
[seroprevalence of neospora caninum in cattle in the region of kayseri].	this study was carried out in order to determine the seroprevalence of neospora caninum in cattle in the region of kayseri. blood samples were collected from 186 cattle and sera were obtained from these samples. sera samples were analyzed for antibodies against n. caninum using a commercially available competitive elisa (c-elisa) kit. according to the elisa test results, seroprevalence of n. caninum in the region of kayseri was found to be 7%. three of 9 aborting cows (33.3%) were found to be se ...	2006	17124655
neospora caninum-like oocysts observed in feces of free-ranging red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and coyotes (canis latrans).	the aim of this study was to examine the feces of free-ranging foxes and coyotes for the presence of neospora caninum oocysts. feces were collected from 271 foxes and 185 coyotes in the canadian province of prince edward island, processed by sucrose flotation, and examined by light microscopy for the presence of coccidian oocysts. in 2 fox and 2 coyote samples, oocysts morphologically and morphometrically similar to oocysts of n. caninum were observed. dna was extracted from these samples and su ...	2006	17304805
distribution of antibodies against neospora caninum, bvdv and bhv-1 among cows in brazilian dairy herds with reproductive disorders.	neospora caninum, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpes virus 1 (bhv-1) are worldwide spread pathogens associated with reproductive problems in cattle. the present work aimed to observe the infection pattern of these three pathogens in two dairy herds with distinct reproductive managements from triângulo mineiro, minas gerais state, brazil. the herds were not vaccinated against either n. caninum, bvdv or bhv-1. blood samples were collected and analyzed for presence of specific ant ...	2006	17196123