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clinical and clinicopathological features of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in young greyhounds in ireland.the clinical and clinicopathological features of non-suppurative meningoencephalitis in 30 greyhounds were reviewed. the dogs were from 21 separate litters, comprised both sexes (16 males and 14 females) and ranged in age from five to 18 months. in 14 (66.7 per cent) litters, more than one case was suspected or confirmed, and the number of siblings affected within individual litters ranged from one to seven. clinical signs were progressive and varied from five days to 12 months in duration; 12 d ...201020802187
roles of cd122+ cells in resistance against neospora caninum infection in a murine model.innate cells, such as natural killer (nk) cells and nkt cells, play essential roles as primary effector cells at the interface between the host and parasite until establishment of adaptive immunity. however, the roles of nk and nkt cells in defense against neospora caninum have not been well clarified. nk and nkt cells were depleted by the treatment with an anti-cd122 (interleukin-2 receptor beta chain) monoclonal antibody (mab, tm-β1) in vivo. the parasite burden in the brain of mice was promot ...201020460838
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibody prevalence in alaska wildlife.free-ranging caribou and moose populations in some regions of alaska undergo periodic declines in numbers. caribou and moose are managed by the state as valuable resources for not only sustenance and subsistence, but also for cultural heritage. incidence and prevalence of diseases that may impact herd health and recruitment from year to year are relevant to management decisions aimed to protect the long-term viability of these herds. neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are two apicomplexan pa ...201020688628
construction of neospora caninum stably expressing tgsag1 and evaluation of its protective effects against toxoplasma gondii infection in mice.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are closely related apicomplexan parasites. the surface antigen 1 of t. gondii (tgsag1) is a major immunodominant antigen and, therefore, is considered to be a good candidate for the development of an effective recombinant vaccine against toxoplasmosis. in this study, n. caninum stably expressing the tgsag1 gene (nc/tgsag1) was constructed using pyrimethamine-resistant dhfr-ts and gfp genes as double-selection markers. the expression level, molecular weight ...201020832493
neuritis of the cauda equina in a dog.this study presents the first case report of neuritis of the cauda equina in a dog, including characterisation of the inflammatory infiltrate. the dog in question, a 6-year-old welsh springer spaniel, was presented with flaccid tail and faecal and urinary incontinence. the histological lesions included severe mononuclear cell infiltration of the nerve roots of the cauda equina and of the lumbar nerve roots. the infiltrate was composed of large numbers of t-lymphocytes and b-lymphocytes and small ...201020840297
neospora caninum infection in stray and farm dogs: seroepidemiological study and oocyst shedding.in a previous study, farm and stray dogs were considered potential high risk populations of neospora caninum infection in spain. consequently, we decided to investigate the significance of n. caninum infection in these populations. specific antibodies were detected in 120 out of 275 dog sera (43.6%), with titres ranging from 1:50 to 1:800. differences in seroprevalence between farm (47.5%, 67/141) and stray (39.5%, 53/134) dogs were not significant (p>0.05; χ(2) test), but farm dogs showed signi ...201020851523
differential susceptibility of human trophoblastic (bewo) and uterine cervical (hela) cells to neospora caninum infection.neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite, closely related to toxoplasma gondii, and causes abortion and congenital neosporosis in cattle worldwide. trophoblast cells act in mechanisms of innate immune defense at the fetal-maternal interface and no data are available about the interaction of neospora with human trophoblasts. thus, this study aimed to verify the susceptibility of human trophoblastic (bewo) compared with uterine cervical (hela) cell lines to n. caninum. bewo and hela cells were ...201020708622
serodiagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis in mongolia by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant toxoplasma gondii matrix antigen 1.toxoplasma gondii matrix antigen 1 (tgmag1), known as the 65-kda protein, which is abundantly expressed in both bradyzoites and tachyzoites, was evaluated as a candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for ovine toxoplasmosis. the tgmag1 gene was expressed in escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione s-transferase (gst), and the recombinant tgmag1 (rtgmag1) was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the elisa with rtgmag1 showed a highly specific reaction ...201020715421
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in gray wolves in scandinavia.transmission of the protozoan parasite neospora caninum between wild and domestic animals has gained some interest during recent years. because of the close relationship between gray wolf (canis lupus) and dog it has been suggested that gray wolf is a definitive host for the parasite. the aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of n. caninum in scandinavian gray wolves and to investigate any geographical patterns of the infection. the investigation was based on blood samples collect ...201020609524
prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies in swine from northeastern brazil.a serologic survey was conducted among 130 swine slaughtered in the public slaughterhouse of the city of patos, paraíba state, northeastern brazil, to determine the prevalence of anti-toxoplasma gondii and anti-neospora caninum antibodies, and to verify possible associations between sex of the animals and antibody prevalence. the sera were analyzed by indirect antibody tests, considering 1:64 (t. gondii) and 1:50 (n. caninum) dilutions as cut-off points. the prevalence of anti-t. gondii antibodi ...201020624342
update on the diagnosis and management of neospora caninum infections in dogs. 201020937501
identification of hammondia heydorni oocysts by a heminested-pcr (hnpcr-ap10) based on the h. heydorni rapd fragment ap10.toxoplasma gondii, hammondia hammondi, neospora caninum, neospora hughesi and hammondia heydorni are members of the toxoplasmatinae sub-family. they are closely related coccidians with similarly sized oocysts. molecular diagnostic techniques, especially those based on polymerase chain reaction (pcr), can be successfully applied for the differentiation of hammondia-like oocysts. in this paper, we describe a rapid and simple method for the identification of h. heydorni oocysts among other members ...201021030154
systemic neosporosis in a white rhinoceros.neosporosis was diagnosed in a 16-year-old female white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) that died suddenly without clinical signs. histopathology revealed disseminated protozoan tachyzoites in liver, adrenal cortex, kidney, and intestine, with morphology compatible with either toxoplasma or neospora. the organism was identified as neospora caninum with the use of primary rabbit anti-n. caninum antibody immunohistochemistry and polymerase chain reaction. the exact source of infection remains unk ...201020722274
detection of neospora caninum tachyzoites in cerebrospinal fluid of a dog following prednisone and cyclosporine therapy.a 9-year-old female spayed shetland sheepdog was presented to the kansas state university veterinary medical teaching hospital for evaluation following a 3-week history of left rear limb lameness that had progressed to generalized ataxia. multifocal or diffuse brain lesions were suspected based on physical examination findings. cerebrospinal fluid (csf) contained 52 nucleated cells/μl composed of mixed inflammatory cells. treatment with prednisone and cyclosporine was initiated based on a presum ...201020698940
development of an indirect elisa-ncsrs2 for detection of neospora caninum antibodies in cattle.neosporosis is of alarming economic concern in the cattle industry. the effectiveness of diagnostic tests for detecting specific antibodies against neospora caninum is hampered by potential cross-reaction with other coccidia. use of a single specific antigen might improve test specificity. an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed using the truncated protein ncsrs2 expressed in escherichia coli. the elisa results were compared with those of the indirect fluorescence ant ...201021168278
antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in captive neotropical and exotic wild canids and felids.this study was designed to detect antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in wild captive carnivores maintained in brazilian zoos. blood samples were collected from 142 brazilian wild felids and 19 exotic felids in zoos, and 3 european wolves (canis lupus) and 94 brazilian wild canids maintained in captivity in brazilian zoos of são paulo, mato grosso states and federal district. one hundred and two (63.4%) and 70 (50.3%) of the 161 wild felids tested were seropositive for t. gondii ...201020950109
australian dingoes are definitive hosts of neospora caninum.to provide objective data on the potential role of dingoes (canis lupus dingo) in the life cycle of neospora caninum in australia, the production of n. caninum oocysts by experimentally infected canids was investigated. three dingo pups raised in captivity and three domestic dogs were fed tissue from calves infected with an australian isolate of n. caninum, nc-nowra. oocysts of n. caninum, confirmed by species-specific pcr, were shed in low numbers by one dingo pup at 12-14 days p.i. the remaini ...201020149793
microarray analyses of mouse responses to infection by neospora caninum identifies disease associated cellular pathways in the host response.neospora caninum is a coccidian cyst-forming parasite found in a wide range of host species such as mice, dogs and cattle. the development of methods such as vaccines to prevent abortion and fetal loss due to neosporosis would be greatly assisted by further knowledge on immunity and host responses to infection. in this study we used microarray technology to investigate the protective host responses occurring at 6h post infection in the spleen of mice infected with a prototype live n. caninum vac ...201020817048
a new thrombospondin-related anonymous protein homologue in neospora caninum (ncmic2-like1).neospora caninum is an apicomplexan protozoan that has the dog as a definitive host and cattle (among other animals) as intermediate hosts. it causes encephalopathy in dogs and abortion in cows, with significant loss in worldwide livestock. as any apicomplexan, the parasite invades the cells using proteins contained in the phylum-specific organelles, like the micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules. the aim of this study was the characterization of a homologue (denominated ncmic2-like1) of n. c ...201020880420
effects of neospora caninum infection at mid-gestation on placenta in a pregnant mouse model.neospora caninum is one of the more-efficient transplacentally-transmitted organisms. the goal of the present study was to investigate the pathologic and immunologic changes that occur at the materno-fetal interphase in pregnant balb/c mice infected with n. caninum at mid-gestation. parasite dna was detected in feto-placentary units 3 days post-infection (pi). on day 7 pi, the dna detection level and parasite burden were significantly higher in the placentas than in the fetuses, which may indica ...201020950112
validation of a leishmania infantum elisa rapid test for serological diagnosis of leishmania chagasi in dogs.canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) is caused by leishmania donovani complex parasites including l. donovani, leishmania infantum and leishmania chagasi. as some studies suggest that l. chagasi and l. infantum may be very similar or even the same species, the aim of the present study was to evaluate a commercial rapid elisa test, originally designed for l. infantum, in the diagnosis of cvl in dogs naturally infected by l. chagasi. a total of 400 serum canine samples, including 283 positive dogs ...201021030153
prevalence of antibodies to trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, encephalitozoon cuniculi, sarcocystis neurona, besnoitia darlingi, and neospora caninum in north american opossums, didelphis virginiana, from southern louisiana.we examined the prevalence of antibodies to zoonotic protozoan parasites ( trypanosoma cruzi, toxoplasma gondii, and encephalitozoon cuniculi) and protozoans of veterinary importance ( neospora caninum, sarcocystis neurona, and besnoitia darlingi) in a population of north american opossums ( didelphis virginiana) from louisiana. samples from 30 opossums were collected as part of a survey for t. cruzi in louisiana. frozen sera from these 30 opossums were examined using an indirect immunofluoresce ...201021158620
prevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum antibodies in spanish ibex (capra pyrenaica hispanica).a cross-sectional study was carried out on spanish ibex populations in southern spain to assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum and to investigate the risk factors associated with these infections. using the modified agglutination test, the seroprevalence to t. gondii was 27.5% (146/531; ci(95%), 23.7-31.3), and this seropositivity significantly increased with age. among adults, statistically significant differences were observed between geographical locations and ov ...201021159529
tunicamycins, a class of nucleoside antibiotics similar to corynetoxins of the rathayibacter toxicus, increase susceptibility of mice to neospora caninum.neosporosis is the leading cause of abortion in cattle. neospora caninum-associated abortion may exhibit both endemic and epidemic patterns. it was reported that the epidemic outbreaks took place in the form of "abortion storms" and were not significantly correlated with seasonal changes or consumption of any particular feeds; and thus, the mechanisms by which the epidemic "abortion storms" are triggered remain unclear. annual ryegrass toxicity (argt) is a severe or fatal neurological disorder o ...201021168974
evaluation of a commercial elisa for the specific detection of antibodies against besnoitia besnoiti.bovine besnoitiosis is an economically important disease in cattle caused by the protozoan parasite besnoitia besnoiti, which occurs endemically in many countries of africa and asia and is spreading in europe. serological identification of subclinically infected cattle is important to avoid the introduction of infected animals into naive herds. here we determine the sensitivity and specificity of the priocheck(®) besnoitia ab, a serological test recently introduced into the european market. anal ...201021035269
crystallization and preliminary x-ray structural analysis of nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases from neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii.the nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases that are produced by neospora caninum (ncntpase) and toxoplasma gondii (tgntpase-i) have a different physiological function from the ubiquitous ecto-atpases. the recombinant enzymes were crystallized at 293 k using polyethylene glycol 3350 as a precipitant and x-ray diffraction data sets were collected for ncntpase (to 2.8 å resolution) and tgntpase-i (to 3.1 å resolution) at 100 k using synchrotron radiation. the crystals of ncntpase and tgntpase-i belonge ...201021045291
neospora caninum: evaluation of vertical transmission in slaughtered beef cows (bos indicus).neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes the most important reproductive problems in cattle worldwide. the objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of vertical transmission of n. caninum in zebus breed beef cows (bos indicus) submitted for slaughter at an abattoir in the northern region of the state of paraná, southern brazil. one hundred and fifty-nine cows were evaluated: 83 pregnant (in different stages of gestation) and 76 non-pregnant. serum determination of n. ca ...201021063729
neosporosis in an aborted southern white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum simum) fetus.in december 2008, a southern white rhinoceros (ãsimum simum) aborted a 7-mo gestation male fetus. on hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of fetal tissues, foci of necrosis were noted in the hepatic parenchyma and were associated with low numbers of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils. protozoal zoites were identified within the hepatic lesions and within the cerebellum. evaluations utilizing immunohistochemistry, polymerase chain reaction, and dna sequencing identified the protozoan as ...201021370658
serologic profiles for sarcocystis sp. and neospora caninum and productive performance in naturally infected beef calves.sarcocystis sp. and neospora caninum infections affect cattle worldwide causing important economic losses. the objective of the present study was to trace serologic profiles for sarcocystis sp. and n. caninum in naturally infected beef calves and analyze their relationship with transmission routes and productive performance. samples were collected in two cow-calf operations located in buenos aires province, argentina. in farm 1, 43 calves were bled and weighed three times. in farm 2, 69 calves w ...201020101411
stress-driven stage transformation of neospora caninum.neosporiosis, a serious disease caused by the apicomplexan intracellular parasite neospora caninum, is considered to be one of the most economically important diseases in cattle. it is associated with potentially serious complications such as abortion, stillbirth and maternal infertility. to survive in fluctuating physiological and immunological environments, n. caninum has evolved a diverse set of regulatory mechanisms that govern various adaptive responses. the most intriguing paradigm in n. c ...201020165871
neospora caninum tachyzoite- and antigen-stimulated cytokine production by bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and spleen cells of naive balb/c mice.neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan pathogen that causes abortion in cattle. this parasite elicits a typical type 1 immune response in host animals, and it is widely believed that the strong type 1 immune response during pregnancy may result in fetal death. pro-inflammatory and/or inflammatory cytokines produced during either primary or secondary pathogen exposure are supposed to be the mediators of abortion. the present study defined cytokine production by murine naïve dendritic cell ...201020738198
neospora caninum seroprevalence in dairy and beef cattle from the northwest region of spain, galicia.herd and individual animal seroprevalence for neospora caninum (n. caninum) in dairy, beef and mixed cattle were obtained in all populations within the galician farmer sanitary defence associations (adsg) in 2004. all animals ≥1 year of age were examined serologically by indirect elisa. 1147 dairy herds (37,090 animals), 1464 beef herds (20,206 animals) and 141 mixed herds (2292 animals) were surveyed. true herd seroprevalence was estimated to be 80.6% (87.7% dairy, 76.7% beef and 78.4% mixed he ...201021145605
serological profile of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infection in commercial sheep from são paulo state, brazil.neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are two important infections in young and adult sheep, leading to low production and abortion. this study aimed to determine the frequency of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in sheep from the eastern region of são paulo state, brazil. serum samples (382) were collected from the sheep and assayed for t. gondii through modified agglutination test (mat) and indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), and for n. caninum antibodies, through ifat, with ...201021256676
development of an immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of toxoplasma gondii circulating antigens.we developed a rapid immunochromatographic strip (ics) procedure that can detect circulating antigens in the blood of animals during the acute stage of toxoplasmosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate this test using sera from field samples and from experimentally infected animals. the sensitivity and specificity of the ics were compared with those of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). both assays detected circulating antigens in the sera of animals experimentally infected with th ...201021081174
detection of specific antibodies anti-neospora caninum in the fallow deer (dama dama).sera from 335 farmed fallow deer (dama dama) at the breeding station in kosewo górne in the mazurian lake district, north-east poland, were investigated for the presence of antibodies against neospora caninum. the distribution of age groups was as follow: >4years - 154 animals; 2years - 76 animals; 1year - 105 animals. ten sera with the optical density exceeding 0.159 absorbance units (i.e., cut-off value) in elisa test were also analyzed by western blot. western blot analysis revealed seroreact ...201021087781
prevalence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in moose (alces alces) and roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in sweden.toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum are two coccidian parasites with a worldwide distribution. t. gondii is one of the more common parasitic zoonoses in the world and in young children and immunocompromised persons, infection can lead to severe disease and death. n. caninum is an important cause of abortions in cattle. wildlife have been identified as reservoirs and transmitters for both parasites. the purpose of this study was to investigate the seroprevalences of t. gondii, and n. caninum i ...201021232869
toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in wildlife: common parasites in belgian foxes and cervidae?sera from cervidae were tested for the presence of antibodies against neospora caninum using elisa; and against toxoplasma gondii using sag1-elisa and a commercially available agglutination test. the t. gondii seroprevalence was 52% (38/73) in roe deer (capreolus capreolus), 0% in bred fallow deer (0/4) (dama dama) and red deer (0/7) (cervus elaphus). we found 2.7% of the roe deer samples and none of the bred deer samples positive for n. caninum. brain samples from wild roe deer, red deer and re ...201021236577
viability of sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum after exposure to different physical and chemical treatments.the aim of the present study was to evaluate the viability of neospora caninum sporulated oocysts after various chemical and physical treatments. bioassays in gerbils and molecular techniques (pcr-rflp) were used for identification of the oocysts shed by experimentally infected dogs. sporulated oocysts were purified and divided into 11 treatment groups as follows: absolute ethanol for 1 hr; 20 c for 6 hr; 4 c for 6 hr; 60 c for 1 min; 100 c for 1 min; 10% formaldehyde for 1 hr; 10% ammonia for 1 ...201021348620
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle of southern china.a seroepidemiological survey of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle was carried out in china's southern guangdong province between july 2009 and march 2010. a total of 370 serum samples of dairy cattle was collected from 5 farms and examined for antibodies to n. caninum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the overall seroprevalence of n. caninum in dairy cattle was 18.9% (70/370). the seroprevalence of n. caninum in aborting cows (22.7%) was higher than that in nonaborting cows (16.3%), ...201021348632
abortions in bovines and neospora caninum transmission in an embryo transfer center.neosporosis is considered to be one of the main causes of abortions in bovines. in this study we evaluated the congenital transmission and occurrence of abortions by neospora caninum in an embryo transfer center in neropolis, goiás. serological samples from 101 recipients, 61 donors, and 90 calves were analyzed. among these animals, 32.67% of the recipients, 22.22% of the donors, and 6.66% of the calves were positive for n. caninum. the rate of vertical transmission was 24%. there was a statisti ...201020655663
evidence of congenital transmission of neospora caninum in naturally infected water buffalo (bubalus bubalis) fetus from brazil.the aim of this study was to determine the congenital infection by neospora caninum in the water buffalo (bubalus bubalis), a natural intermediate host. nine pregnant water buffalos, raised under free-grazing condition, were slaughtered, and their fetuses were collected. samples of brain and thoracic fluid were obtained from those fetuses, with gestational ages ranging from 2 to 5 months. the dna of n. caninum was detected and identified in the brain of one of those fetuses, using two pcr assays ...201021181191
transplacental transmission in cattle: is toxoplasma gondii less potent than neospora caninum?we compared the transplacental-transmission ability of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in cattle. one uninfected pregnant heifer served as control, while three were inoculated with n. caninum k9wa strain and four with t. gondii rh strain at their midgestational period. both infected groups showed clinical signs and antibodies either to n. caninum or t. gondii, while the control animal was normal. two (50%) toxoplasma dams aborted on days 6 and 11 postinoculation. t. gondii tachyzoites wer ...201121203773
Risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in dogs and cats in dairy farms in Western Thailand.The objectives of this study were to investigate the risk factors of Neospora caninum infection in dogs and cats found in dairy herds in western Thailand. A case-control study was conducted in dairy herds in three western provinces including Nakhon Pathom, Ratchaburi and Kanchanaburi. Blood samples of pets from 14 positive dairy herds and 26 herds from negative neighbouring farms which were randomly selected, in total blood samples from dogs and cats from 40 herds were collected and examined for ...201122193939
neospora caninum in bovine fetuses of minas gerais, brazil: genetic characteristics of rdna.neosporosis is an important cause of abortion in cattle and information on their genetics and host parasite relationships are desirable. neospora caninum samples obtained from 24 bovine fetuses from minas gerais, were genetically analyzed in part of the rdna region, coding for rrnas. previously, brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, lung, kidney, spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, ovary or testis, uterus and skin of the ear were analyzed by conventional histopathology and immunohistochemistry. of thes ...201122166381
neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in brain tissue of feral rodents and insectivores caught on farms in the netherlands.we investigated the presence of both neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in 250 brain tissue samples from 9 species of feral rodents and insectivores caught on 10 organic farms in the netherlands in 2004. collected samples were conserved in 4% paraformaldehyde solution and analysed by real-time pcr. for n. caninum, 31 samples originating from 6 species tested positive (12.4%): common shrews (33.3%), wood mice (17.6%), harvest mice (16.7%), house mice (15.4%), white-toothed shrews (10.8%) and ...201121958437
vaccines against a major cause of abortion in cattle, neospora caninum infection.neosporosis, caused by the apicomplexan parasite neospora caninum, represents one of the economically most important causes of abortion in cattle. during pregnancy, the parasite infects the placental tissue and the fetus, which can lead to stillbirth, abortion, or birth of weak calves. alternatively, calves are born without clinical symptoms, but they can carry over the parasite to the next generation. in addition, n. caninum causes neuromuscular disease in dogs. the economic importance of neosp ...201126486502
seroprevalence of neospora spp. in horses in south of iran.neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle. however, limited information is presently available on the seroprevalence of neospora antibodies in horses worldwide. the aim of the present study is to determine serological prevalence of neospora infection in horses in iran. blood samples were obtained from 200 horses and tested for serum antibodies against neospora spp. by the neospora modified direct agglutination test (n-mat). antibod ...201122433879
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy cattle in tabriz, northwest iran.the aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibody to neospora caninum in healthy and aborted dairy cattle in tabriz, capital of east-azarbaijan in northwest of iran.201122347319
neospora caninum and leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (canis familiaris) in meshkin-shahr district, northwestern iran.mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (mvl) is an infectious disease that affects both human and animals. domestic dogs (canis familiaris) are principal reservoir hosts of mvl caused by leishmania infantum. dogs are definitive hosts for neospora caninum and a risk factor for infecting intermediate hosts. the immunosuppression caused by visceral leishmaniasis (vl) can promote the occurrence of co-infections with other agents such as neosporosis. this study aimed to determine the frequency of co-in ...201122808419
Development of a set of multiplex standard polymerase chain reaction assays for the identification of infectious agents from aborted bovine clinical samples.The current study describes the development of a set of 5 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assays for the simultaneous detection of abortive infection agents in bovine fetal tissues, including Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., and Campylobacter fetus (mPCR1); Hammondia heydorni, Neospora caninum, and Toxoplasma gondii (mPCR2); Coxiella burnetii and Chlamydophila psittaci (mPCR3); Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma bovigenitalium, and Ureaplasma diversum (mPCR4); and Bovine viral diarrhea virus ...201121908306
occurrence of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in goats and sheep in western maranhão, brazil.neosporosis and toxoplasmosis are parasitic diseases which can cause reproductive problems in goats and sheep. the current study aimed to determine the occurrence of anti-neospora caninum and anti-toxoplasma gondii igg antibodies in goats and sheep from the districts of amarante do maranhão and buritirana, imperatriz microregion, western area of maranhão state, northeastern brazil, and to assess factors associated to infection by these etiologic agents. blood samples from 110 animals (46 goats a ...201122166386
Molecular pathology, taxonomy and epidemiology of Besnoitia species (Protozoa: Sarcocystidae).Until recently, besnoitiosis has been a neglected disease of domestic animals. Now, a geographic expansion of the causing protozoan parasite Besnoitia besnoiti in livestock has been recognized and the disease in cattle is considered emerging in Europe. Bovine besnoitiosis leads to significant economic losses by a decline in milk production, sterility, transient or permanent infertility of bulls, skin lesions and increase of mortality in affected cattle population. Phylogenetically, the Besnoitia ...201121906696
Identification of a gene cluster for cell-surface genes of the SRS superfamily in Neospora caninum and characterization of the novel SRS9 gene.SUMMARYHere we present the detection of a gene cluster for Neospora caninum surface genes, similar to the Toxoplasma gondii SRS9 locus, and the cloning and characterization of the NcSRS9 gene. PCR genome walking, using NcBSR4 gene as a framework, allows the identification, upstream NcBSR4, of 2 sequences homologous to the SRS5 and the Ubiquinol-cytochrome C reductase genes and, downstream NcBSR4, of an ORF of 1191 bp coding for a 396-amino acid polypeptide with 59% similarity to the TgSRS9 antig ...201121939586
identification of two novel coccidian species shed by california sea lions (zalophus californianus).abstract routine fecal examination revealed novel coccidian oocysts in asymptomatic californa sea lions (zalophus californianus) in a rehabilitation facility. coccidian oocysts were observed in fecal samples collected from 15 of 410 california sea lions admitted to the marine mammal center between april 2007 and october 2009. phylogenetic analysis using the full its-1 region, partial small subunit 18s rdna sequence and the apicomplexa rpob region identified 2 distinct sequence clades, referred ...201122091999
sero-prevalence of neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti in south australian beef and dairy cattle.a serological survey for neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti was carried out in beef and dairy cattle in south australia. serum samples of dairy cattle (n=133) from 9 properties and tank milk samples from a further 122 dairy herds were tested. an additional 810 sera from beef cattle from 51 properties were also tested. testing at the individual animal level by idexx neospora x2 ab test elisa revealed a low prevalence of n. caninum antibodies of only 2.7% (95% ci; 1.6-3.7%) sera positive, as ...201122138306
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum in dairy goats from romania.little information is available about the seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in romania and even in europe. during 2007-2010, 735 serum samples were collected from dairy goats located in 4 historical regions (crişana, maramureş, transylvania and muntenia) of romania. sera were analyzed for t. gondii and n. caninum antibodies (igg type) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using two commercial kits (chekit toxotest antibody elisa and chekit neospo ...201122177331
Potential involvement of Neospora caninum in naturally occurring ovine abortions in New Zealand.Neospora caninum is an obligate intracellular parasite and is recognised as the leading cause of bovine abortion worldwide. Natural infection with N. caninum has been described in sheep but it has generally not been regarded as a significant cause of abortion. Recently, there have been several New Zealand cases of foetal abortions where N. caninum was detected which strongly suggested the involvement of Neospora in these abortions. However, there is minimal information about the prevalence of N. ...201122112976
prevalence and risk factors of giardia duodenalis in dogs from romania.the protozoan giardia duodenalis is a mammalian-infecting parasite that produces diarrhoea and malabsorption in its hosts. a survey to investigate canine infections with g. duodenalis in romania was undertaken between june 2008 and december 2009. the objectives of the study were to (i) estimate the prevalence of infection in different dog populations (kennels, shelters, shepherd, household) using microscopy and a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) test kit; (ii) to ...201121899952
neospora caninum: in vivo and in vitro treatment with artemisone.neosporosis caused by neospora caninum has global economic, clinical, and epidemiological impacts, mainly in the cattle industry. currently, there is no useful drug for treatment of neosporosis. this publication is the first to describe the significant benefits that artemisone has on neospora infections both in vitro and in vivo. artemisone is a new semi-synthetic 10-alkylamino artemisinin that is superior to other artemisinin derivatives in terms of its significantly higher antimalarial activit ...201122260899
seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection on dairy cattle in farms from southern romania.abstract neospora caninum, a coccidian parasite closely related to toxoplasma gondii, is one of the major causes of abortion in cattle worldwide. conventional serological techniques, such as indirect fluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), are routinely used in adult animals and aborted fetuses for the detection of anti-n. caninum antibodies. in romania, infection with n. caninum in cattle has been reported recently, but only in limited areas from the north and ...201121955278
experimental inoculation of neospora caninum in pregnant water buffalo.the aim of this study was to characterize the pathogenesis of neospora caninum in experimentally inoculated pregnant water buffalo (bubalus bubalis). twelve mediterranean female water buffaloes ranging in age from 4 to 14 years old and seronegative to n. caninum by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) were involved. ten females were intravenously inoculated with 10(8) tachyzoites of nc-1 strain at 70 (n=3) or 90 (n=7) days of pregnancy (dp). two control animals were inoculated with placebo ...201122244534
a study of some infectious causes of reproductive disorders in cattle owned by resource-poor farmers in gauteng province, south africa.two hundred and thirty-nine cattle from gauteng province in south africa were tested for various pathogens causing reproductive diseases includingbovine viral diarrhoea/mucosal disease (bvd/md) virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (ibr/ipv) virus, neospora caninum and brucella abortus usingvarious tests. for bvd/md virus, 49.37% tested positive, 74.47% for ibr/ipv virus, 8.96% for neospora caninum and 3.8% for brucella abortus. the result for brucella abort ...201122616434
discovery of three novel coccidian parasites infecting california sea lions (zalophus californianus) with evidence of sexual replication and interspecies pathogenicity.abstract enteric protozoal infection was identified in 5 stranded california sea lions (zalophus californianus). microscopically, the apical cytoplasm of distal jejunal enterocytes contained multiple stages of coccidian parasites, including schizonts with merozoites and spherical gametocytes, morphologically similar to coccidian parasites. by histopathology, organisms appeared to be confined to the intestine and accompanied by only mild enteritis. using electron microscopy, both sexual (microgam ...201121495828
serological response of cats to experimental besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis infections and prevalence of antibodies to these parasites in cats from virginia and pennsylvania.abstract besnoitia darlingi and besnoitia neotomofelis are cyst-forming tissue apicomplexan parasites that use domestic cats ( felis domesticus ) as definitive hosts and opossums ( didelphis virginiana ) and southern plains woodrats ( neotoma micropus ) as intermediate hosts, respectively. nothing is known about the prevalence of b. darlingi or b. neotomofelis in cats from the united states. besnoitia darlingi infections have been reported in naturally infected opossums from many states in the u ...201121506782
in vitro effects of arylimidamides against besnoitia besnoiti infection in vero cells.the in vitro effects of 4 arylimidamides (db811, db786, db750 and db766) against the proliferative tachyzoite stage of the apicomplexan parasite besnoitia besnoiti were investigated. these four compounds had been shown earlier to exhibit in vitro activities in the nanomolar range against the related apicomplexans neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii. real-time-pcr was used to assess b. besnoiti intracellular proliferation in vitro. preliminary assessment by light microscopy identified db811 an ...201121349220
seroprevalence of neospora caninum and brucella abortus among dairy cattle herds with high abortion rates.abstract the protozoon neospora caninum and the bacterium brucella abortus are well recognized abortifacients in dairy cattle. serum samples (n = 240) from aborting (n = 141) and at risk (n = 99) animals from 5 herds with high abortion rates in punjab province, pakistan were tested for antibodies to n. caninum using monoclonal antibody based competitive elisa and to b. abortus using the serum agglutination test. antibodies to n. caninum and b. abortus were detected in 105 (43.8 %) and 135 (56.3% ...201121506829
seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes in lahore district, pakistan.abstract seroprevalence of neospora caninum in dairy buffaloes ( bubalus bubalis ) was assessed in the lahore district of punjab province, pakistan. the study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.7% for n. caninum antibodies determined through a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed on randomly collected serum samples. the highest prevalence was observed in buffaloes >3-5 yr of age (64.1%), followed by 57.9% for 5 to 6 yr olds, and 55.8% in 1-yr-old neonates, with high probabil ...201121506867
surgical technique, postoperative complications and outcome in 14 dogs treated for hydrocephalus by ventriculoperitoneal shunting.to report frequency and type of complications, and outcome in dogs with severe neurologic signs secondary to internal, suspected obstructive hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunting.201121244441
The immune enhancement of a novel soy lecithin/ß-glucans based adjuvant on native Neospora caninum tachyzoite extract vaccine in mice.Efficient, cost-effective and safe Th1-immunity-inducing vaccine formulations are paramount for achieving protection against Neospora caninum. In this study, a new adjuvant (Providean-AVEC(®)) was used in the development of a N. caninum vaccine and evaluated in a mouse model. Soluble N. caninum tachyzoite native protein extract (sNcAg) was selected as vaccine antigen based on its capacity to activate production of pro-inflammatory cytokines on dendritic cells. Vaccines containing 4 and 0.4µg of ...201122178728
serological survey of neospora caninum in small ruminants from pernambuco state, brazil.neospora caninum infection is an important cause of bovine abortion as well as neonatal mortality in goats and sheep. a serological survey for antibodies against n. caninum in goats and sheep was carried out in the municipality of ibimirim, pe, northeastern brazil. the imunnofluoresce antibody test showed that 26.6% (85/319) of the goats and 64.2% (52/81) of the sheep were positive. serologic reactivity was associated with age in goats (p < 0.01) and sheep (p > 0.05), with increasing rates in ol ...201121961757
an applied printing immunoassay with recombinant nc-sag1 for detection of antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle.neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes an important reproductive disease in cattle. neospora caninum surface antigen 1 (nc-sag1) is an immunodominant candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. the current study describes the development and evaluation of an antigen print immunoassay (apia) with recombinant nc-sag1 for the detection of specific antibodies to n. caninum in cattle. the concordance between apia and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ...201121908357
Parasite limiting macrophages promote IL-17 secretion in naive bovine CD4? T-cells during Neospora caninum infection.Neospora caninum infects bovine hosts giving rise to pro-inflammatory immune responses that can result in foetal death or spontaneous abortion, this appears to be mediated by the actions of IFN-? on cell activation and migration/trafficking. Yet successful vaccination or natural immunity is also strongly correlated with IFN-? production. We utilised in vitro infection of bovine macrophages to prime naive T-cell responses. Naive T-cells in contact with infected macrophages produce both IFN-? and ...201122005586
artinm, a d-mannose-binding lectin from artocarpus integrifolia, plays a potent adjuvant and immunostimulatory role in immunization against neospora caninum.artinm and jacalin (jac) are lectins from the jackfruit (artocarpus integrifolia) that have important role in modulation of immune responses to pathogens. neospora caninum is an apicomplexa parasite that causes neuromuscular disease in dogs and reproductive disorders in cattle, with economic impact on the livestock industry. hence, we evaluated the adjuvant effect of artinm and jac in immunization of mice against neosporosis. six c57bl/6 mouse groups were subcutaneously immunized three times at ...201122001880
prevalence of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii antibodies in sera from camels (camelus dromedarius) in riyadh province, saudi arabia.from april to december 2010, blood samples were collected from 412 healthy camels in riyadh province, saudi arabia and used to evaluate serological screening for neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii infection by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). of the 412 camels, antibodies to n. caninum were found in sixteen in titers of 1:20 and in seven in titers of 1:40 using whole n. caninum tachyzoites as ifat slide (vmrd inc., pullman, wa 99163, usa). antibodies to t. gondii were found in n ...201121980764
molecular detection of coxiella burnetii and neospora caninum in equine aborted foetuses and neonates.abortion, stillbirth and neonatal death are major causes of equine mortality and cause severe economic loss to the equine industry. the present study was based on a complete necropsy protocol associated with classical microbiological examinations and molecular biology on 407 cases of abortion, stillbirths and neonate death. based on this retrospective survey, "less common" abortive infectious agents were characterised by molecular tools in nine independent cases of abortion or neonate mortality. ...201122130310
serological survey of neospora caninum infection in cattle herds from western romania.abstract serum samples from 376 randomly selected adult cattle, from 25 farms located in 3 counties (arad, bihor, and timiş) from western romania, were sampled for neospora caninum antibodies using a commercial elisa-kit (bio k 218, bio-x diagnostics, jemelle, belgium). seroprevalence values and risk factors for neosporosis (cow age, breed, herd size, farming system, previous abortion, and number of farm dogs) were examined using a generalized linear mixed model with a binomial distribution. o ...201122150344
presence of antibodies against toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leishmania infantum in dogs from piau+¡.this study aimed to evaluate the presence of antibodies against neospora caninum, toxoplasma gondii and leishmania infantum in dogs attended at the veterinary hospital of the federal university of piau+¡, northeastern brazil, where there are no reports of the occurrence of n. caninum and t. gondii in dogs. serum samples from 530 dogs of genders, different ages and breeds from the municipality of teresina and nearby towns were analyzed using three indirect fluorescent antibody tests, each one tar ...201121722484
factors associated with infection by neospora caninum in dogs in brazil.from august 2006 to 2008, 411 dogs in northeastern brazil were evaluated for seropositivity to neospora caninum. the dogs were clinically examined, and their owners were interviewed about the conditions in which the animals were maintained in order to assess the factors associated with infection by this parasite. a serum sample was taken from each dog for serological examination in an indirect fluorescent antibody test for n. caninum. the yates' chi-square test or fisher's exact test was used to ...201122015062
prevalence of neospora caninum antibodies in sheep and goats in pakistan.abstract the purpose of the present study was to obtain seroepidemiological information on the neospora caninum infection status of sheep and goats in different areas of punjab province and azad kashmir (pakistan). a cross-sectional study, using a competitive elisa showed an overall 27.7% (35 of 128) (95% ci ? 7.7%) and 8.6% (13 of 142)(95% ci ? 4.6%) seroprevalence of n. caninum antibodies in sheep and goats, respectively. the difference in seroprevalence between sheep and goat populations wa ...201121854220
Occurrence of antibodies against Neospora caninum and/or Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs.This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis ...201121961748
clinicopathologic diagnosis of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in an angora cat.this report deals with a case of cutaneous toxoplasmosis in a 2 year-old female angora cat. cutaneous lesions were characterized by prescapular ulcers and hyperemic nodules in the skin of the inguinal and dorsosacral regions. a skin biopsy sample was collected from the lesioned area and processed for histopathologic examination and immunoperoxidase test using toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum specific antibodies. toxoplasma gondii immunopositive reactions were detected in keratinocytes and ...201121950216
immunization of female balb/c mice with neospora cyclophilin and/or ncsrs2 elicits specific antibody response and prevents against challenge infection by neospora caninum.neospora caninum is the causal agent of bovine neosporosis which results in high levels of abortion. the present study determined the protective efficacy of two neospora antigens--neospora cyclophilin (nccyp) and ncsrs2. the ability of native nccyp to upregulate mouse ifn-? was also confirmed in this study. recombinant nccyp or ncsrs2 were tested either alone or in combination and formulated with adjuvant immumax-sr and cpg. female balb/c mice (n=15) of 10-12 weeks of age were immunized s.c. twi ...201121281689
identification of novel rhoptry proteins in neospora caninum by lc/ms-ms analysis of subcellular fractions.apicomplexan parasites possess an apical complex that is composed of two secretory organelles recognized as micronemes and rhoptries. rhoptry contents are secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole during the host cell invasion process. several rhoptry proteins have been identified in toxoplasma gondii and seem to be involved in host-pathogen interactions and some of them are considered to be important virulence factors. only one rhoptry protein, ncrop2, has been identified and extensively charac ...201121315855
quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of besnoitia besnoiti infection in cattle.bovine besnoitiosis, an economically important disease in cattle in some countries of africa and asia, is emerging in europe. the definitive host of besnoitia besnoiti, the causative agent of bovine besnoitiosis, is unknown and the transmission of the parasite is not completely understood. sensitive and quantitative dna detection methods are needed to determine whether serologically positive animals are infectious and to examine the role of vectors (e.g. haematophagous insects) in the transmissi ...201121324596
seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in poland.in 2007 a survey on herd-level seroprevalence of toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum infections in goats in poland was carried out. sera were collected from all 49 breeding goat herds, scattered over the entire country, with the vast majority of them located in the western, central and northern provinces. only adult females (=12 months of age) were included in the study. a herd was recorded as infected if at least one seropositive female was detected. in each herd, simple random sampling was ...201121324599
serum response factor regulates immediate early host gene expression in toxoplasma gondii-infected host cells.toxoplasma gondii is a wide spread pathogen that can cause severe and even fatal disease in fetuses and immune-compromised hosts. as an obligate intracellular parasite, toxoplasma must alter the environment of its host cell in order to establish its replicative niche. this is accomplished, in part, by secretion of factors into the host cell that act to modulate processes such as transcription. previous studies demonstrated that genes encoding transcription factors such as c-jun, junb, egr1, and ...201121479245
functional activation of t cells by dendritic cells and macrophages exposed to the intracellular parasite neospora caninum.neospora caninum is an intracellular protozoan pathogen that causes abortion in cattle. we studied how the interaction between murine conventional dendritic cells or macrophages and n. caninum influences the generation of cell-mediated immunity against the parasite. we first explored the invasion and survival ability of n. caninum in dendritic cells and macrophages. we observed that protozoa rapidly invaded and proliferated into these two cell populations. we then investigated how neospora-expos ...201121329692
identification of a host cell target for the thiazolide class of broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drugs.the thiazolide nitazoxanide (ntz) and some derivatives exhibit considerable in vitro activities against a broad range of parasites, including the apicomplexans neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites. in order to identify potential molecular targets for this compound in both parasites, rm4847 was coupled to epoxy-agarose and affinity chromatography was performed. a protein of approximately 35 kda was eluted upon rm4847-affinity-chromatography from extracts of n. caninum-infected human ...201121335006
identification of novel proteins in neospora caninum using an organelle purification and monoclonal antibody approach.neospora caninum is an important veterinary pathogen that causes abortion in cattle and neuromuscular disease in dogs. neospora has also generated substantial interest because it is an extremely close relative of the human pathogen toxoplasma gondii, yet does not appear to infect humans. while for toxoplasma there are a wide array of molecular tools and reagents available for experimental investigation, relatively few reagents exist for neospora. to investigate the unique biological features of ...201121483743
immunoblot diagnosis of infection with neospora caninum in cattle based on recombinant ncsag4 antigen.the neospora caninum (n. caninum) ncsag4 gene was subcloned into a pet-28a (+) vector and successfully expressed in escherichia coli as inclusion body, and confirmed by sds-page and western blot using anti-his monoclonal antibody. the purified protein was then purified using ni-nta affinity chromatography column and recognized by positive serum from n. caninum-infected cattle. immunoblot (ib) method based on purified recombinant ncsag4 (rncsag4) antigen to detect antibodies against n. caninum in ...201121340564
in vitro invasion efficiency and intracellular proliferation rate comprise virulence-related phenotypic traits of neospora caninum.abstract: in this study, we examined the in vitro invasion and proliferation capacities of the nc-liv and ten spanish neospora caninum isolates (nc-spain 1 h - nc-spain 10). the invasion rate was determined as the number of tachyzoites that completed their internalisation into marc-145 cells at 2, 4, and 6 h post-inoculation (pi). the proliferation rate was evaluated by determining the doubling time during the exponential proliferation period. significant differences in the invasion rates of the ...201121345202
genetic mapping identifies novel highly protective antigens for an apicomplexan parasite.apicomplexan parasites are responsible for a myriad of diseases in humans and livestock; yet despite intensive effort, development of effective sub-unit vaccines remains a long-term goal. antigenic complexity and our inability to identify protective antigens from the pool that induce response are serious challenges in the development of new vaccines. using a combination of parasite genetics and selective barriers with population-based genetic fingerprinting, we have identified that immunity agai ...201121347348
genetic manipulation of neospora caninum to express the bradyzoite-specific protein ncsag4 in tachyzoites.neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite and the aetiological agent of bovine neosporosis, one of the main causes of reproductive failure worldwide. we have generated 2 independent transgenic knock-in clones, nc-1sag4c1.1 and nc-1sag4c2.1, that express the bradyzoite stage-specific protein ncsag4 in the tachyzoite stage. these clones have similar growth rates in vitro as the wild-type (wt) strain nc-1. studies in a cerebral mouse model of infection revealed a slightly lower rate of detection ...201121232176
peripheral white blood cell counts throughout pregnancy in non-aborting neospora caninum-seronegative and seropositive high-producing dairy cows in a holstein friesian herd.pregnancy is characterized by transient changes in the maternal immune system, also evident at peripheral level. the present study analyzes the kinetics and possible factors affecting peripheral white blood cell populations throughout pregnancy in a herd of high-producing dairy cows chronically infected or not with neospora caninum. we examined 54 pregnant parous cows: 29 neospora-seronegative and 25 neospora-seropositive cows. blood samples were collected on days 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 of ge ...201120801467
implications of wild dog ecology on the sylvatic and domestic life cycle of neospora caninum in australia.neospora caninum is transmitted either transplacentally or horizontally by ingestion of tissue cysts present in tissues or oocysts shed by dogs. neosporosis is a significant disease, causing cattle abortion at 5-7 months of pregnancy. infected cows may remain infective for life transmitting the infection in several consecutive or non-consecutive pregnancies. a great deal is known about the epidemiology of neosporosis, although only limited information is available on the main routes of horizonta ...201120400345
shedding of neospora caninum oocysts by dogs fed different tissues from naturally infected cattle.neospora caninum is one of the most important causes of abortion in dairy cattle worldwide. the distribution of n. caninum in tissues of adult cattle is unknown and the parasite has not been demonstrated histologically in tissues of cows. in the present study the distribution of n. caninum in different tissues of adult cattle was evaluated by bioassays in dogs. seventeen dogs (2-3 month-old) were fed different tissues of 4 naturally exposed adult cattle (indirect fluorescent antibody test n. can ...201121450407
vaccination of mice with chitosan nanogel-associated recombinant ncpdi against challenge infection with neospora caninum tachyzoites.the effects of nanogel encapsulation of recombinant ncpdi (recncpdi) following vaccination of mice by intranasal or intraperitoneal routes and challenge infection with neospora caninum tachyzoites were investigated. nanogels were chitosan based, with an alginate or alginate-mannose surface. none of the mice receiving recncpdi intraperitoneal (i.p.) (without nanogels) survived, whereas intranasal (i.n.) application protected 9 of 10 mice from disease. association of recncpdi with nanogels improve ...201121226721
identification of the cross-reactive and species-specific antigens between neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites by a proteomics approach.the characterization of the cross-reactive and species-specific antigens of neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii is important in the exploration to determine the common mechanisms of parasite-host interaction and to improve the serological diagnosis; it is also useful for the selection of the cross-reactive antigens that could be used in the development of vaccines or drugs for controlling the diseases caused by these two parasites. in this study, cross-reactive and species-specific antigens b ...201121461729
[studies on the role of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) as a potential definitive host of neospora caninum].neospora (n.) caninum is a protozoan parasite which is regarded as a major cause of abortion in cattle. dogs and coyotes are definitive hosts of n. caninum which may shed environmentally resistant stages, oocysts, in their feces. epidemiological studies in germany showed that the presence of dogs increased the risk of a bovine herd to be n. caninum-positive in a bulk-milk elisa test. however, there were also n. caninum-positive herds where dogs were not kept together with cattle.this leads to th ...201121465771
coxiella burnetii seropositivity is highly stable throughout gestation in lactating high-producing dairy cows.the aims of this study were to analyse, in high-producing dairy cows, plasma coxiella burnetii antibody titres and seroconversion throughout gestation, along with possible factors affecting such titres. the study was performed on 65 lactating pregnant non-aborting animals in a commercial holstein-friesian dairy herd in northeastern spain. blood samples for antibody determinations were collected on days 40, 90, 120, 150, 180 and 210 of gestation. by general linear model (glm) repeated measures an ...201121507080
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