Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| serological analysis of calves experimentally infected with neospora caninum: a 1-year study. | a serological study was conducted with calves experimentally infected with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum. the animals were inoculated with either a low or high dose of n. caninum tachyzoites and temperature responses monitored daily for the first 2 weeks after inoculation. blood samples were collected before inoculation, and at regular intervals thereafter for 1 year. serological analysis was achieved using an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat), an enzyme-linked immunosorbent as ... | 2001 | 11182233 |
| characterization of neospora caninum surface protein ncsrs2 based on baculovirus expression system and its application for serodiagnosis of neospora infection. | the baculovirus expression system has proved to be a useful tool for the production of recombinant proteins. here we have characterized the neospora caninum surface protein ncsrs2 produced by two types of the recombinant virus and also have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant ncsrs2 for the serologic diagnosis of neospora infection. western blot analysis showed two major protein bands that were detectable in insect cells infected with each recombinant baculov ... | 2001 | 11682519 |
| comparison of the growth inhibitory effects of canine ifn-alpha, -beta and -gamma on canine cells infected with neospora caninum tachyzoites. | the growth inhibitory effects of recombinant canine interferon alpha (ifn-alpha), beta (ifn-beta) and gamma (ifn-gamma) were examined on madin-darby canine kidney cells infected with neospora caninum tachyzoites. the parasite growth was inhibited by all ifns in a dose-dependent manner. ifn-gamma inhibited the parasite growth with greater efficacy than ifn-alpha or ifn-beta. moreover, the effect of ifns on n. caninum growth associated with the suppression of the host cell viability. the present s ... | 2001 | 11346181 |
| reproductive performance of a cow-calf herd following a neospora caninum-associated abortion epidemic. | this study examines the long-term impact of a neospora caninum-associated abortion outbreak in a large cow-calf herd in northern alberta. blood samples were collected 4 times from all bred females and heifer calves born during the spring before the outbreak: (1) at the time of the outbreak, (2) the following spring, (3) the subsequent fall, and, finally, (4) the second spring after the outbreak. the samples were analyzed using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for n. can ... | 2001 | 11360856 |
| hammondia heydorni-like oocysts shed by a naturally infected dog and neospora caninum nc-1 cannot be distinguished. | this study describes transmission experiments using hammondia heydorni-like oocysts isolated in 1996 from a naturally infected dog. the isolate was designated as h. heydorni-berlin-1996. examination of sera from infected intermediate hosts showed immunoblot reactions that resembled patterns observed after neospora caninum nc-1 infection. furthermore, n. caninum dna could be demonstrated in tissue samples (e.g. heart, brain) of experimentally infected intermediate hosts and in oocyst preparations ... | 2001 | 11688886 |
| immune responses in pregnant cattle and bovine fetuses following experimental infection with neospora caninum. | humoral and cell-mediated immune (cmi) responses [i.e. proliferative responses and gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) production], were elicited in five cows infected between 159 and 169 days of gestation by a combined intravenous-intramuscular inoculation of neospora caninum tachyzoites. analysis of antigen-specific immunoglobulin (igg) subclasses revealed a predominant igg2 response in two cows, a mixed igg1-igg2 response in two other cows and a predominant igg1 response in one cow. no correlation w ... | 2001 | 11688887 |
| cyclic transmission of neospora caninum: serological findings in dogs shedding oocysts. | in a previous paper we demonstrated that hammondia heydorni-like oocysts isolated in 1996 from a naturally infected dog could not be distinguished from the isolate neospora caninum nc-1. the isolate, designated as h. heydorni-berlin-1996, was cyclically transmitted using dogs as the final hosts. the present study provides information on the antibody responses of the dogs used for the cyclical transmission of this isolate. the majority of dogs that had shed oocysts showed no sero-conversion with ... | 2001 | 11688895 |
| comparative molecular investigation of nc5-pcr amplicons from neospora caninum nc-1 and hammondia heydorni-berlin-1996. | the clinical relevance of neospora caninum as a cyst-forming coccidian parasite is increasingly acknowledged within veterinary medicine, although the pathways of transmission are far from being solved. the parasite is well known for causing diaplacental infections in cows associated with abortion and/or severe damage of the fetus. in addition, it may cause neuromuscular disease in dogs, which thus apparently act as intermediate hosts as well as final hosts. in our previous studies, we have demon ... | 2001 | 11688897 |
| evaluation of the embryo transfer procedure proposed by the international embryo transfer society as a method of controlling vertical transmission of neospora caninum in cattle. | to evaluate efficacy of embryo transfer into seronegative recipients, using the procedure proposed by the international embryo transfer society (iets), for preventing vertical transmission of neospora caninum in cattle. | 2001 | 11394835 |
| association of serologic status for neospora caninum and postweaning feed efficiency in beef steers. | to determine the effects of serologic status for neospora caninum on short-term weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency (feed intake/gain). | 2001 | 11697371 |
| failure of dogs to shed oocysts after being fed bovine fetuses naturally infected by neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is a protozoan that causes abortion in cattle. the dog has recently been identified as a definitive host for n. caninum. to verify if bovine fetuses can infect dogs, nine 2-4-month-old dogs were fed bovine fetuses naturally infected by n. caninum. none of the dogs excreted oocysts, seroconverted, had clinical signs or lesions compatible with n. caninum infection. additional studies will be necessary to determine the natural mode of infection of dogs by n. caninum. | 2001 | 11358630 |
| serodiagnosis of toxoplasma gondii infection in cats by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant sag1. | the gene encoding surface antigen 1 (sag1, p30) of toxoplasma gondii (t. gondii) was cloned into the plasmid pgex-4t-3 and subsequently expressed in escherichia coli (e. coli) as a glutathione-s-transferase (gst) fusion protein. the recombinant sag1 (rsag1) was refolded using 8m urea solution followed by dialysis and thereafter evaluated in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for serological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. the test sera were adsorbed with gst to block non-specific reactivit ... | 2001 | 11705650 |
| leishmania infantum and neospora caninum simultaneous skin infection in a young dog in italy. | leishmania infantum, the agent of canine leishmaniasis in mediterranean countries, and neospora caninum, a recently recognized protozoal pathogen in dogs, were diagnosed in a 9-month-old argentine dogo dog. both skin lesions and neurological signs were present. histopathology of cutaneous lesions revealed a suppurative, diffuse dermatitis with numerous intracellular protozoa. serology was positive for both l. infantum (1:640) and n. caninum (1:800). double-label immunohistochemical staining of s ... | 2001 | 11705654 |
| neospora caninum infection associated with stillbirths in captive antelopes (tragelaphus imberbis). | neosporosis was diagnosed in full-term stillborn twin calves of captive antelopes (tragelaphus imberbis) in a german zoo. in both calves a multifocal non-suppurative encephalitis was present and infection with neospora (n.) caninum was confirmed by foetal serology and pcr. n. caninum-dna was detected in brain, heart, lung, liver and spleen of a third full-term stillborn calf. histopathological lesions were absent in this calf and antibodies against n. caninum were not detected in pleural fluid. ... | 2001 | 11358631 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii in gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from south carolina. | little is known about the epidemiology of neospora caninum in wild mammal populations. it has been suggested that a sylvatic cycle exists for n. caninum. dogs and potentially other canids are a definitive host for n. caninum. the present study was done to determine the prevalence of antibodies to n. caninum in a population of gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) from a nonagricultural setting in south carolina. we also determined the prevalence of antibodies to toxoplasma gondii in these animal ... | 2001 | 11358632 |
| bovine neosporosis: immunoblot improves foetal serology. | the purpose of the study is the comparative evaluation of the immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and an immunoblot (ib) test for the examination of foetal fluids for specific antibodies against neospora caninum. peritoneal and pleural fluids as well as abomasal contents were analysed. the results of the serological examinations were compared to those obtained by histological, immunohistochemical, and pcr analysis of foetal tissues as well as to the results of maternal serological examination ... | 2001 | 11731071 |
| dogs shed neospora caninum oocysts after ingestion of naturally infected bovine placenta but not after ingestion of colostrum spiked with neospora caninum tachyzoites. | an experiment was carried out to determine whether bovine colostrum or placenta could be a source of infection of neospora caninum for dogs. for this purpose, two dogs were fed bovine colostrum to which culture-derived n. caninum tachyzoites were added and two other dogs were fed placental cotyledonary tissue from n. caninum seropositive cows. one dog served as a negative control during the start of the experiment but this control dog was fed cotyledonary tissue later on. none of the dogs did pr ... | 2001 | 11403764 |
| validation of a commercially available monoclonal antibody-based competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of serum antibodies to neospora caninum in cattle. | a previously described monoclonal antibody (mab)-based competitive-inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (celisa) was modified to optimize performance, and the assay was validated in various defined cattle populations for detection of serum antibody to neospora caninum, a major cause of bovine abortion. modifications to the celisa included capturing native n. caninum antigen with a parasite-specific mab (mab 5b6-25) and directly conjugating the competitor mab (mab 4a4-2), with both mabs b ... | 2001 | 11682497 |
| bovine abortion associated with neospora caninum in hungary. | the authors report the first case of bovine neosporosis in hungary based on investigations made on an aborted fetus. the diagnostic methods included traditional as well as molecular techniques. this record extends further the geographic range of the disease. | 2001 | 11402646 |
| specific detection of neospora caninum oocysts in fecal samples from experimentally-infected dogs using the polymerase chain reaction. | neospora caninum oocysts, passed in the feces of a definitive host (dog), were isolated, and genomic dna was extracted. a polymerase cahin reaction (pcr) targeting the n. caninum-specific nc 5 genomic sequence was performed using the isolated dna. a synthesized competitor molecule containing part of the nc 5 sequence was included in the assay as a check against false-negative pcr results and to quantify n. caninum oocyst dna in fecal samples. a standard curve of the ratio of fluorescence intensi ... | 2001 | 11318571 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum in beef cattle in northern alberta. | blood samples were collected from 1806 pregnancy-tested cows from 174 herds at a northern alberta auction mart in the fall of 1998. one hundred sixty-two (9.0%) of these samples were positive for antibodies to n. caninum. thirty-five of 260 samples (13.5%) collected from the same region in the 1980s were also serologically positive for n. caninum. | 2001 | 11272457 |
| serological evidence for naturally occurring transmission of neospora caninum among foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the study describes the time course of the neospora caninum-specific antibody response in experimentally infected foxes, in naturally n. caninum-seropositive vixens and their litters. an immunofluorescence test, a tachyzoite surface antigen based elisa and an immunoblot assay were established for this purpose. the immunoblot patterns of naturally seropositive and experimentally infected foxes revealed a high degree of similarity and resembled those reported for other intermediate host species. r ... | 2001 | 11306121 |
| immunity to experimental neosporosis in pregnant sheep. | neospora caninum is an important cause of fetal loss in cattle but has also infrequently been shown to cause disease in sheep and goats. experimental infection of pregnant sheep with n. caninum causes clinical and pathological changes very similar to those of neosporosis in cattle. an experiment in sheep was undertaken to examine whether infection with n. caninum before pregnancy conferred immunity to subsequent challenge with the parasite during pregnancy. primary inoculation of nc1 tachyzoites ... | 2001 | 11240899 |
| a previous infection with toxoplasma gondii does not protect against a challenge with neospora caninum in pregnant sheep. | sheep immunized with toxoplasma gondii (toxovax) prior to pregnancy were tested for their ability to withstand a challenge at 90 days gestation with 107 neospora caninum (nc1) tachyzoites. the antibody responses in sheep following immunization with t. gondii were specific for t. gondii whereas peripheral blood mononuclear cells responded to both t. gondii and n. caninum antigen in vitro. this suggested that there was induction of crossreactive immune recognition in the sheep, at least at the cel ... | 2001 | 11240903 |
| prevalence of neospora hughesi and sarcocystis neurona antibodies in horses from various geographical locations. | parasite-specific antibody responses to neospora antigens were detected using the immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) and immunoblot analysis in select equine populations. for comparison, a naturally infected neospora hughesi horse and an experimentally inoculated neospora caninum horse were used. in addition, all samples were tested for antibodies to sarcocystis neurona by immunoblot analysis. a total of 208 samples was evaluated. the equine populations were derived from five distinct geogra ... | 2001 | 11223207 |
| prevention of vertical transmission of neospora caninum in balb/c mice by recombinant vaccinia virus carrying ncsrs2 gene. | neospora caninum infection is the major cause of bovine abortion. to develop a vaccine against n. caninum infection, recombinant vaccinia viruses carrying ncsrs2 and ncsag1 genes (vv/nc-p43 and vv/nc-p36, respectively) were constructed and were tested in a mouse model. vaccination of dams with vv/nc-p43 appeared to confer effective protection against vertical transmission to offspring, though that with vv/nc-p36 only provided partial protection. moreover, the vv/nc-p43 vaccination provoked cellu ... | 2001 | 11166895 |
| protective efficacy of vaccination by recombinant vaccinia virus against neospora caninum infection. | the recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the surface protein of neospora caninum tachyzoite, ncsag1 or ncsrs2, were constructed. the vaccination with these recombinant viruses could protect effectively the parasite invasion in a mouse model system. the vaccine efficacy of ncsrs2 was higher than that of ncsag1. the present study indicated that a high level of igg1 ab production to parasite is important for clearance of parasite at the early stage of infection and that t cell response has a cru ... | 2001 | 11163660 |
| postnatal neosporosis in dairy cattle in northeast thailand. | a total of 83 dairy cows in loei province (muang) and nong bua lamphu (nbl) province, northeast thailand were sampled three times within 6 months in 1998 and their sera were examined for antibodies to neospora caninum at a dilution of 1:100 in the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). in muang the seroprevalence of n. caninum was 37.5% (june), 60% (august), and 62.5% (november). in nbl the prevalence was 50% (august) and 70% (november). in both areas abortions were observed between 1 and 3 ... | 2001 | 11113552 |
| recent advances in understanding the epidemiology of neospora caninum in cattle. | introduction: neospora caninum is the most frequently diagnosed cause of cattle abortion in new zealand and is an important pathogen worldwide. the parasite has been found in aborted bovine foetuses and in puppies with neurological disease. recent developments have provided new insights into the epidemiology of the disease that are reviewed in this article. transmission: transplacental infection is of major importance in the spread of n. caninum overseas. most congenital infections result in the ... | 2001 | 16032161 |
| control options for neospora caninum infections in cattle--current state of knowledge. | this article reviews control options for neospora caninum infection and abortion in cattle, drawing on published literature and the authors' own research in this field. apart from the successful use of embryo transfer to prevent congenital infection in calves born to infected cows, there are currently no accepted control methods for the prevention of abortions in cattle. the epidemiological data at hand suggest that concomitant infections with bovine pestivirus increase the risk of abortion sign ... | 2002 | 16032217 |
| characterization of an outbred pregnant mouse model of neospora caninum infection. | fetal loss and vertical transmission of neospora caninum were evaluated in outbred quackenbush (qs) mice with respect to dose of parasites, n. caninum isolate, and route of injection. mice were infected with nc-liverpool or nc-sweb1 at day 5 or 8 of pregnancy with doses of 10(4), 10(6), or 10(7) parasites, through either a subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injection. polymerase chain reaction was used to detect n. caninum in the brains of offspring, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used t ... | 2002 | 12197115 |
| risk of abortion associated with neospora caninum during different lactations and evidence of congenital transmission in dairy cows. | to examine the relationship between exposure to neospora caninum and abortion in dairy cows during their first, second, third, and fourth or later lactations and to establish the main mode of transmission in female calves from birth until their first pregnancy was terminated by abortion or parturition. | 2002 | 12494973 |
| immune responses to neospora caninum and prospects for vaccination. | developing an effective vaccine against neosporosis presents several interesting challenges. the parasite is spread efficiently from mother to foetus over several generations, and naturally infected cattle do not appear to develop adequate protective immunity. modulation of the immune response during pregnancy favours parasite survival and multiplication. however, induction of pro-inflammatory responses that are thought to be protective against neospora caninum would be detrimental to the pregna ... | 2002 | 12473366 |
| neospora caninum in vitro: evidence that the destiny of a parasitophorous vacuole depends on the phenotype of the progenitor zoite. | we previously reported that neospora caninum can be induced to express bagi, a bradyzoite antigen, within 3 days of culture under stress conditions. the main goals of the present experiment were to increase the expression of bagi in vitro (in part by extending cultures for 9 days), to observe parasitophorous vacuoles at various points of stage differentiation, and to test the ability of organisms produced in vitro to function like mature bradyzoites. expression of bag1 and of a tachyzoite antige ... | 2002 | 12537100 |
| improved production of neospora caninum oocysts, cyclical oral transmission between dogs and cattle, and in vitro isolation from oocysts. | scarce information is available about neospora caninum oocysts and sporozoites, in part because only small numbers of oocysts have typically been produced by experimentally infected dogs. we hypothesized that i reason for low experimental production of oocysts is that dogs have been fed tissues from experimentally infected mice instead of tissues from cattle (which are natural intermediate hosts of n. caninum). in this study, 9 dogs were fed tissues from n. caninum-infected calves, and oocyst pr ... | 2002 | 12537111 |
| isolation of viable toxoplasma gondii from naturally infected aborted bovine fetuses. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are related parasites. the former is a common cause of abortion in dairy cattle. the latter has not been conclusively demonstrated in bovine fetuses. during the course of attempts to isolate n. caninum from aborted fetuses, t. gondii was isolated from 2 aborted fetuses, 1 from portugal and 1 from the united states. both isolates were made by bioassay of fetal brains in mice. the fetus from portugal was about 5 mo in gestational age, and the fetus from the u ... | 2002 | 12537120 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum and sarcocystis neurona in sera of domestic cats from brazil. | parasite biology, epidemiology and systematics laboratory, animal and natural resources institute, agricultural research service, united states department of agriculture, building 1001, beltsville, maryland 20705-2350 antibodies to neospora caninum and sarcocystis neurona were determined in serum samples of 502 domestic cats from brazil using direct agglutination tests with the respective antigens. antibodies to s. neurona were not found in 1:50 dilution of any serum in the s. neurona agglutinat ... | 2002 | 12537122 |
| survey of neospora caninum antibodies in dairy and beef cattle from five regions of the united states. | serum samples from 4,907 cows from 93 dairy and five beef herds were analyzed for antibodies to neospora caninum by commercially available elisa. the herds were recruited from 20 states and the territory of puerto rico. a questionnaire assessed the herd's abortion history and exposure risks to n. caninum. results showed that 788 (16%) cows tested positive for antibodies to n. caninum. at least one positive animal was detected in 90% of the herds tested. the prevalence of cows seropositive to n. ... | 2002 | 12584676 |
| an explorative study to assess the efficacy of toltrazuril-sulfone (ponazuril) in calves experimentally infected with neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is an important cause of infectious abortion and stillbirth in cattle world-wide. infection is common and may frequently be passed from mother to calf (vertical transmission) with no signs of disease. based on our previous observation that n. caninum-infection can be efficiently controlled with toltrazuril-sulfone (ponazuril) in experimentally infected mice, we addressed the question if efficacy could also be obtained in experimentally infected calves. | 2002 | 12437777 |
| the influence of feeding and maintenance system on occurrence of toxoplasma gondii infections in dogs. | serum samples of 113 dogs visiting "outpatient clinics", 52 dogs kept in shelters and 35 animals from a military dog training centre were examined for toxoplasma gondii specific antibodies using a latex agglutination test. significant differences in seroprevalences were found between dogs from the training centre (8.6% of positive results) and the other populations examined (40.7% of positive seroreagents in animals visiting outpatient clinics and 44.2% in the group from shelters, respectively). ... | 2002 | 12512556 |
| diagnostic survey of bovine abortion in korea: with special emphasis on neospora caninum. | causes of bovine abortion were surveyed in korea within a designated period from the cases submitted to the department of veterinary pathology, college of veterinary medicine, seoul national university. one hundred and eighty aborted fetuses and maternal sera were evaluated by necropsy, histopathology, bacteriology, virology, pcr, and serologic tests. the causes of abortion were identified in 108 (60%) cases, of which 38 (21.1%) were due to the infection with neospora caninum. none of the 38 cas ... | 2002 | 12520105 |
| in vitro antiprotozoal effects of artemisinin on neospora caninum. | neospora caninum is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite that infects a wide range of mammals and has been associated with abortion in cattle worldwide. artemisinin is an effective antimalarial compound derived from a traditional chinese herbal remedy, qinghao or artemisia annua l. in the study reported, the cultured host cells (vero cells or mouse peritoneal macrophages) infected with n. caninum tachyzoites were incubated with alpha-mem (minimal essential medium) 10%hs supplemented with vario ... | 2002 | 11751000 |
| immunological relationship between neospora caninum and besnoitia besnoiti. | neospora caninum is a coccidian parasite identified as a major cause of abortion in cattle. a combined infection of n. caninum with another taxonomically related parasite of cattle, besnoitia besnoiti can occur in geographical areas endemic for both species. both infections are routinely diagnosed serologically, and incorrect diagnosis could occur if immunological cross-reactivity exists between the two parasites. to investigate the possible degree of cross-reactivity, we compared results obtain ... | 2002 | 11992709 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies against neospora caninum in diagnostic equine serum samples and their possible association with fetal loss. | a case-control study of the association between the presence of serum antibodies against neospora spp. and fetal loss was performed on serum samples submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in northwestern united states. control sera were randomly selected from those submitted from healthy horses for routine equine infectious anemia testing required for regulatory health certification. case sera were randomly selected from those submitted from aborting mares for diagnostic workup. based o ... | 2002 | 11934465 |
| neospora caninum is an invalid species name: an evaluation of facts and statements. | an evaluation of both the formal requirements of the international rules of zoological nomenclature and the scientific reasons for the description of new genera and species shows that the name neospora caninum is a nomen nudum. the only characteristic criteria for discriminating between the previously described species hammondia heydorni and the proposed new species n. caninum (i.e. the lack of a parasitophorous vacuole) has been shown to be wrong in many publications. furthermore, absolutely no ... | 2002 | 11936509 |
| a method of probability diagnostic assignment that applies bayes theorem for use in serologic diagnostics, using an example of neospora caninum infection in cattle. | to develop a method of probability diagnostic assignment (pda) that uses continuous serologic measures and infection prevalence to estimate the probability of an animal being infected, using neospora caninum as an example. | 2002 | 11911564 |
| studies on serological cross-reaction of neospora caninum with toxoplasma gondii and hammondia heydorni. | the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to examine cross-reactivity of neospora caninum with toxoplasma gondii and hammondia heydorni. anti-t. gondii mouse and cat sera cross-reacted with n. caninum soluble antigen (nla), but not with the recombinant surface antigen (ncsrs2). anti-h. heydorni dog sera showed no cross-reactivity with either the nla antigen or the ncsrs2. lack of cross-reactivity between anti-h. heydorni sera and n. caninum antigens, and the cross-reactivity of anti ... | 2002 | 11913555 |
| effect of neospora caninum on in vitro development of preimplantation stage bovine embryos and adherence to the zona pellucida. | 2002 | 11913589 | |
| necrotizing cerebellitis due to neospora caninum infection in an old dog. | a severe, necrotizing, non-suppurative inflammation of the cerebellum associated with neospora caninum infection was identified in a 14-year-old male labrador retriever. on presentation, clinical signs included mild depression and head tremor, marked ataxia of both thoracic and pelvic limbs, and abnormal postural reactions. in the central nervous system, inflammatory lesions were mainly restricted to the cerebellar leptomeninges and cerebellar cortex, which appeared necrotic and atrophic. protoz ... | 2002 | 11913826 |
| neosporosis with cerebellar involvement in an adult dog. | a case of an adult dog with multifocal, progressive neurological signs caused by neospora caninum is reported. pathological studies showed cerebellar lesions due to the parasite, which was also present in other parts of the nervous system and muscle. cerebellar atrophy related to neospora infection has been rarely reported in veterinary medicine, and has been shown to affect ruminants and dogs. the cerebellar involvement and the age of the present dog make this case uncommon. | 2002 | 11873953 |
| in contrast to dogs, red foxes (vulpes vulpes) did not shed neospora caninum upon feeding of intermediate host tissues. | to clarify whether red foxes (vulpes vulpes) can be final hosts of neospora caninum, foxes and dogs were fed in parallel on tissues of a sheep and a goat experimentally infected with n. caninum. the faeces of at least two of five dogs contained n. caninum oocysts, as determined by bioassay. in the faeces of all six foxes fed in parallel, oocysts were detected that were larger in size (length 12.6 +/- 0.5 microm, width 11.8 +/- 0.4 microm) than the oocysts shed by the dogs. ribosomal rna sequence ... | 2002 | 11822736 |
| neospora caninum and hammondia heydorni are separate species/organisms. | neospora caninum and hammondia heydorni are two coccidian parasites with morphologically similar oocysts in canine feces. it was recently proposed that they are one species. in this paper, we review the biology and morphology of these parasites and present evidence that n. caninum and h. heydorni are separate species. | 2002 | 11832296 |
| application of real-time fluorescent pcr for quantitative assessment of neospora caninum infections in organotypic slice cultures of rat central nervous system tissue. | the previously described nc5-specific pcr test for the diagnosis of neospora caninum infections was used to develop a quantitative pcr assay which allows the determination of infection intensities within different experimental and diagnostic sample groups. the quantitative pcr was performed by using a dual fluorescent hybridization probe system and the lightcycler instrument for online detection of amplified dna. this assay was successfully applied for demonstrating the parasite proliferation ki ... | 2002 | 11773124 |
| neospora caninum and waddlia chondrophila strain 2032/99 in a septic stillborn calf. | characteristics of an intracellularly growing micro-organism isolated from an aborted bovine foetus are described. the organism replicated within cytoplasmic vacuoles, was resistant to penicillin and exhibited structural characteristics compatible with waddlia chondrophila. an elisa specific for chlamydia spp., immunofluorescence tests using antibodies directed against chlamydia spp. or simkania negevensis, and pcr using chlamydia-specific primers showed that the agent was distinct from chlamydi ... | 2002 | 11852195 |
| red foxes (vulpes vulpes) are a natural intermediate host of neospora caninum. | the present study was undertaken to determine if red foxes are natural intermediate and/or definitive host for neospora caninum and to study the importance of infection of n. caninum in this species in north-eastern spain. faecal samples and brain tissues were obtained from 122 foxes from 21 rural areas of catalonia. faeces collected were examined for parasite eggs and coccidian oocysts using sucrose flotation. for pcr-based diagnosis of n. caninum in brain tissues, the specific genomic nc5 regi ... | 2002 | 12163240 |
| natural transmission routes of neospora caninum between farm dogs and cattle. | twelve dairy herds with evidence of post-natal infection with neospora caninum were compared with 21 control herds with no evidence of post-natal infection. on the former farms, dogs consumed placenta or licked uterine discharge in 75 and 67% of the farms, respectively, while on control farms these activities occurred in 38 and 24% of the farms, respectively. on all control farms and all but three post-natally infected farms the dogs were fed colostrum or milk. defecation of dogs on the feeding ... | 2002 | 11900923 |
| neospora caninum serostatus and milk production of holstein cattle. | to determine whether neospora caninum serostatus was associated with milk production among holstein cattle in ontario. | 2002 | 12387387 |
| mechanisms of apoptosis in murine fibroblasts by two intracellular protozoan parasites, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum. | studies to clarify the mechanisms of apoptosis in host cells, a31 (balb/3t3 clone a31 fibroblasts), caused by two intracellular protozoan parasites, toxoplasma gondii and neospora caninum, were carried out in an in vitro system. the viability of n. caninum-infected cells was significantly reduced following treatment with mouse interferon (ifn)-gamma. by contrast, mouse ifn-gamma treatment had no significant effect on the induction of apoptosis in t. gondii-infected cells. apoptosis of n. caninum ... | 2002 | 12164820 |
| exogenous nitric oxide triggers neospora caninum tachyzoite-to-bradyzoite stage conversion in murine epidermal keratinocyte cell cultures. | neospora caninum, like toxoplasma gondii, undergoes stage conversion in chronically infected animals, and forms tissue cysts which contain the slowly proliferating bradyzoite stage. these tissue cysts are delineated by a cyst wall, protect the parasite from physiological and immunological reactions on part of the host, and bradyzoites remain viable within an infected host for many years. however, unlike t. gondii, n. caninum bradyzoites have been difficult to obtain using in vitro culture techni ... | 2002 | 12204225 |
| neospora caninum: a cause of immune-mediated failure of pregnancy? | resistance to many intracellular protozoan parasites is dependent on t helper cell 1 cytokine responses. this has important repercussions for pregnant females because strong t helper cell 1 cytokine responses are incompatible with successful pregnancy. thus, there are two possible consequences of infection with protozoans such as leishmania major, plasmodium falciparum and toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy: (1) pregnancy is compromised; or (2) resistance to the parasite is compromised. the apic ... | 2002 | 12377255 |
| vero cell surface proteoglycan interaction with the microneme protein ncmic(3) mediates adhesion of neospora caninum tachyzoites to host cells unlike that in toxoplasma gondii. | neospora caninum and toxoplasma gondii are characterised by a very low host cell specificity, thus they are able to infect a wide range of different cells in vivo and in vitro. infection of the host cell by tachyzoites is a process which is preceded by adhesion onto the host cell surface. the receptors on the host cell surface which would allow n. caninum to establish a physical interaction have not been investigated so far. here we report the role of host cell surface proteoglycans as receptors ... | 2002 | 12062488 |
| a longitudinal study of neospora caninum infection on a dairy farm in new zealand. | a 600-cow new zealand dairy herd experienced an abortion storm in 1997 and was monitored (blood sampling at about 3-month intervals) from may 1997 until january 1999. abortion risk reached 9% in 1997 and was highest in heifers at 19%. the abortion risk decreased in 1998 to 3.2% (still somewhat higher than during the years prior to the outbreak). the serological reaction pattern for neospora caninum showed an association with abortion risk only around the time of the 1997 outbreak when seropositi ... | 2002 | 12062516 |
| pattern of recognition of neospora caninum tachyzoite antigens by naturally infected pregnant cattle and aborted foetuses. | different aspects of neospora tachyzoite antigen recognition by neospora-infected heifers and cows and aborted foetuses were studied. the pattern of antigen recognition and the relationship between ifat titres and number of neospora antigens detected, were evaluated. in addition, the tachyzoite antigens involved in the humoral immune response developed against infection in normal cows and cows that aborted were also characterised throughout pregnancy. comparison of tachyzoite antigen recognition ... | 2002 | 12072210 |
| redescription of neospora caninum and its differentiation from related coccidia. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite of animals, which before 1984 was misidentified as toxoplasma gondii. infection by this parasite is a major cause of abortion in cattle and causes paralysis in dogs. since the original description of n. caninum in 1988, considerable progress has been made in the understanding of its life cycle, biology, genetics and diagnosis. in this article, the authors redescribe the parasite, distinguish it from related coccidia, and provide accession numbers to its t ... | 2002 | 12076623 |
| characterization of neospora caninum protease, ncsub1 (nc-p65), with rabbit anti-n54. | ncsub1 (formerly known as nc-p65) is the first molecularly described proteolytic enzyme of the intracellular protozoan parasite neospora caninum. this report describes the characterization of a rabbit anti-n54, which is an antiserum generated against an internal fragment of ncsub1 (amino acids 649-783). in immunofluorescence studies rabbit and-n54 labeled the apical end of the fixed parasite. by immuno-gold electron microscopy, the antibody bound primarily to the microneme organelles of the para ... | 2002 | 12537103 |
| experimental infection of sheep with neospora caninum oocysts. | the purpose of the present study was to investigate the potential of neospora caninum oocysts to infect sheep and determine whether n. caninum dna could be detected by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay in blood and brain of sheep after oocyst inoculation. six ewes were inoculated per os with 10(4) n. caninum oocysts, whereas 2 ewes served as uninoculated controls. all sheep were bled weekly for 7 wk after inoculation. blood was analyzed for the presence of n. caninum dna by 2 different pcr a ... | 2002 | 12537104 |
| p38-avidity-elisa: examination of herds experiencing epidemic or endemic neospora caninum-associated bovine abortion. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was established to measure the avidity of bovine igg directed against p38, a surface antigen (ncsrs2) of neospora caninum tachyzoites. in the sera of dams intravenously infected with n. caninum nc-1, the p38-specific avidity increased from initially below 40% up to avidity indices between 50 and 80% after days 23 and 91 p.i. the p38-avidity-elisa was used to examine various herds that had experienced endemic and epidemic n. caninum-associated bovine a ... | 2002 | 12079735 |
| serological survey of neospora caninum and leishmania infantum co-infection in dogs. | a seroprevalence survey and risk analysis of neospora caninum and leishmania infantum was conducted in dogs from an area of the campania region of southern italy, in order to investigate the co-infection of these two protozoa. blood samples were collected from 1058 asymptomatic dogs over a 18 months period. serum samples were tested for antibodies to n. caninum and to l. infantum using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. epidemiological data (breed, age, sex, and utilization) were collected ... | 2002 | 12079736 |
| responses of adipose and muscle lipoprotein lipase to chronic infection and subsequent acute lipopolysaccharide challenge. | infection of male swiss webster mice with toxoplasma gondii or neospora caninum leads to long-term alterations in energy balance. following an initial 20 to 30% weight loss in all t. gondii-infected mice, half of the animals regain most of the lost weight (gainers), whereas the others maintain their low body weight (nongainers). infection with n. caninum does not elicit weight loss. lipoprotein lipase (lpl), the enzyme responsible for plasma triglyceride (tg) clearance and partitioning among tis ... | 2002 | 12093671 |
| seroprevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in dogs from spain. | the prevalence of neospora caninum antibodies was determined in sera of 139 dogs from catalonia (northeastern spain) using the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat). antibodies in the ifat were found in 17 of 139 dogs (12.2%) with titers ranging from 1:50 to 1: 1,600. seroprevalence was higher in dogs over 1 yr old compared with dogs younger than 1 yr (p < 0.05). no statistical difference was observed when sex, breed, purpose, or modus vivendi was compared with seropositivity. most do ... | 2002 | 12537126 |
| an analysis of the performance characteristics of serological tests for the diagnosis of neospora caninum infection in cattle. | to analyse the performance characteristics (sensitivity/specificity) of two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisa) against the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat). | 2002 | 12127250 |
| seroepidemiology of beef and dairy herds and fetal study of neospora caninum in argentina. | the purpose of the present work was to study the epidemiology of neospora caninum in beef and dairy herds in the humid pampas of argentina. the seroprevalence of n. caninum was evaluated in 2414 serum samples of cows from beef and dairy farms. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used to determine specific antibodies. the sera was screened at a dilution >or=1:200 and >or=1:600 in cows with reproductive disease antecedents and without them, respectively. cows without history of reprod ... | 2002 | 12163242 |
| neospora caninum: oocyst challenge of pregnant cows. | three pregnant cows were each orally challenged at 10 weeks of gestation with 600 sporulated oocysts of neospora caninum. the number of oocysts was limited by those available. in concurrent bioassays, one oocyst per os infected each of two gerbils. challenged cattle developed neospora-specific antibody, cell proliferation and gamma-interferon responses. n. caninum specific pcr demonstrated persisting infection in the brains of cows 4 months after calving. abortion was not induced and there was n ... | 2002 | 12383634 |
| [abortion in small ruminants in switzerland: investigations during two lambing seasons (1996-1998) with special regard to chlamydial abortions]. | abortion cases of 144 goats und 86 sheep were investigated etiologically during 2 lambing seasons (1996/1997, 1997/1998). macroscopic inspection of fetus and placenta was completed by histopathology and bacteriological isolation of agents. in addition, immunohistologically the following antigens were labeled in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue sections: toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum, chlamydophila abortus (formerly chlamydia psittaci serovar 1) and border disease virus. from far ... | 2002 | 12677687 |
| a high rate of seroconversion for neospora caninum in a dairy herd without an obvious increased incidence of abortions. | the purpose of this paper is to investigate the high rate of seroconversion for neospora caninum in a dairy herd. forty-five of 95 (47%) of the seronegative animals seroconverted within a period of 6 months. seropositive animals were not equally distributed among age-groups. a high seroprevalence age-group of 8-30 months was housed together during a period of 4 months, indicating a point source infection within this period. a lack of association between the serological status of daughters and mo ... | 2002 | 12423933 |
| fetal infection with neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle in belgium. | neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite, which causes fetal and neonatal mortality in livestock and companion animals. in 224 abortions in belgian cattle, different diagnostic methods were used to demonstrate infection, and the presence of n. caninum. an indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was used to analyze fetal and maternal sera and immunohistochemistry (ihc) was performed when lesions consistent with neosporosis were observed in the brain, heart or liver. twenty dairy cattle sera out ... | 2002 | 12212893 |
| management factors related to seroprevalences to bovine viral-diarrhoea virus, bovine-leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in dairy herds in the canadian maritimes. | bovine viral-diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis lower on-farm productivity, reduce export competitiveness, and increase consumer concerns regarding safety. our purpose was to examine the relationship between 27 control practices and the estimated true seroprevalences for these four diseases for 2604 cattle in 90 dairy herds in the maritimes provinces of canada. overall, 37.8, 20.4, 3.4, and 19.2% of all sampled cattle were truly exposed to the ... | 2002 | 12324207 |
| direct production losses and treatment costs from bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine leukosis virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum. | our purpose was to determine direct production losses (milk loss, premature voluntary culling and reduced slaughter value, mortaliy loss, and abortion and reproductive loss) and treatmetn costs (veterinary services, medication cost, and extra farm labour cost) due to four infectious diseases in the maritime provinces of canada: bovine viral diarrhoea (bvd), enzootic bovine leukosis (ebl), johne's disease (jd), and neosporosis. we used a partial-budget model, and incorporated risk and sensitivity ... | 2002 | 12350317 |
| first portuguese isolate of neospora caninum from an aborted fetus from a dairy herd with endemic neosporosis. | neospora caninum was isolated from the brain of an aborted 4-month-old fetus from a dairy cow herd with endemic neosporosis in porto, portugal. the fetal brain homogenate was inoculated interperitoneally first into outbred swiss webster mice given dexamethasone and then the peritoneal exudates from these mice was co-inoculated with mouse sarcoma cells in the peritoneal cavity of mice given dexamethasone. n. caninum tachyzoites were seen in peritoneal exudate of the second passage. tachyzoites fr ... | 2002 | 12446085 |
| seroprevalence of neospora caninum infection in dairy and beef cattle in paraguay. | seroprevalence of neospora caninum in 879 beef and dairy cattle in different locations of paraguay was determined by an elisa. in the survey, 262 (29.8%) cattle were positive to n. caninum, and animals with anti-neospora antibody titre were observed in all the locations tested in the country. serum samples taken from a herd that exhibited persistent abortion had the highest percentage of animals being positive to the parasite (17/30, 56.7%). in the same herd, abortion was significantly more like ... | 2002 | 12446086 |
| use of bulk milk for detection of neospora caninum infection in dairy herds in thailand. | the relationship between the level of neospora caninum antibodies in bulk milk and the seroprevalence in lactating cows was investigated. bulk milk was also used to estimate the prevalence of n. caninum infection in dairy herds in the northeast and north thailand. bulk milk and individual serum from all lactating cows in 11 herds as well as 220 bulk milk samples from nine milk collection centres were analysed for presence of n. caninum antibodies using an iscom elisa. in the 11 herds the bulk mi ... | 2002 | 12446088 |
| neosporosis as a cause of abortion in dairy cattle in rio grande do sul, southern brazil. | forty-six aborted bovine fetuses submitted to the faculty of veterinary, department of clinical pathology, universidade federal do rio grande do sul, were examined histopathologically. non-suppurative inflammation was observed mainly in the brain and heart of 22 fetuses. brain lesions consisted primarily of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates with occasional foci of necrosis. protozoa that reacted with neospora caninum antisera were seen in 18 of the 22 (81.8%) brain specimens from fetuses ... | 2002 | 11750112 |
| neospora 2001. | infection with the protozoan parasite neospora caninum is emerging as a major cause of reproductive loss in cattle worldwide. recent advances in research with the ultimate goal of devising effective and sustainable control measures were discussed at neospora 2001. neospora 2001 was held, 13-15 september 2001, at the moredun research institute, edinburgh, uk. the international meeting covered many aspects of bovine neosporosis including diagnosis, epidemiology and immunology. | 2002 | 11850000 |
| neosporosis in a white rhinoceros (ceratotherium simum) calf. | a 16-day-old white rhinoceros calf died suddenly while in excellent condition and showing no obvious previous clinical signs. it was the 9th calf of a mature female kept free-ranging with 11 other rhinoceros as well as various other game species on a 2000 hectare game breeding centre adjacent to the town of lichtenburg and outlying cattle farmlands in the northern province. at post mortem examination, death was ascribed to heart failure. there was marked multifocal to coalescing subacute parasit ... | 2002 | 12088073 |
| coprodiagnosis of hammondia heydorni in dogs by pcr based amplification of its 1 rrna: differentiation from morphologically indistinguishable oocysts of neospora caninum. | hammondia heydorni is thought to be a non-pathogenic coccidian parasite of dogs that is closely related to neospora caninum, an important parasite of cattle and dogs. oocysts of these two species are morphologically indistinguishable from each other. a population of 2240 dogs in the czech republic was screened for the presence of h. heydorni/n. caninum oocysts and five (0.22%), represented by five of 3135 faecal samples (0.16%), were positive. the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of the rrna ... | 2002 | 12093189 |
| immunisation of mice against neosporosis. | in the present study a murine encephalitis model was used to investigate if protection against neosporosis could be achieved by immunisation. groups of 10 mice were immunised with a sublethal dose of live neospora caninum tachyzoites, n. caninum antigens incorporated into iscoms, n. caninum lysate mixed with quil a, or n. caninum lysate in pbs. control mice were given quil a only. challenge infection with 2.5x10(6) n. caninum tachyzoites resulted in clinical symptoms that remained until the end ... | 2002 | 12062558 |
| prevalence of antibodies to neospora caninum in white-tailed deer, odocoileus virginianus, from the southeastern united states. | serum samples from 305 white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) from 14 states in the southeastern united states were examined for antibodies to neospora caninum using a direct agglutination test. positive agglutination titers were found in 145 (48%) of the white-tailed deer examined: 21 (7%) had titers of 1:25, 92 (30%) had titers of 1:50, and 32 (10%) had titers of > or = 1:500. these findings that antibodies to n. caninum are common in white-tailed deer support the concept that a sylvatic c ... | 2002 | 12054027 |
| immune factors influencing the course of infection with neospora caninum in the murine host. | this paper investigates the role of specific immune factors on the course of infection in genetic knockout (gko) mice infected with 3 different strains of neospora caninum. survival time and parasite persistence were examined in interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma), tumor necrosis factor receptor-2 (tnfr2), interleukin 10 (il-10), beta 2 microglobulin (beta2m), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos2) gko or wild-type (wt) mice following infection with either pathogenic (nc-1 or nc-2) or attenuated ( ... | 2002 | 12053997 |
| susceptibility of psammomys obesus and meriones tristrami to tachyzoites of neospora caninum. | the susceptibility of psammomys obesus (sand rat) and meriones tristrami (tristram's jird) to neospora caninum was investigated by subcutaneous (s.c.) and intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of 10-fold doses of culture-derived tachyzoites. groups of 5 animals were inoculated with doses of 10-10(7) parasites via each route of inoculation. all but 2 of the sand rats inoculated with doses of 10-10(4) parasites succumbed to the infection by 7-18 days postinfection. all jirds inoculated with 10(7) tac ... | 2002 | 12054004 |
| epidemiological investigations of abortions due to neospora caninum on swiss dairy farms. | abortions apparently due to neospora caninum in two swiss dairy herds were investigated by means of a pcr and elisa, and other potential causes were eliminated. in addition, a case-control study of 24 case herds and 24 control herds indicated that n caninum-associated abortions were more likely to occur in herds with antibodies to coxiella burnetii (with an odds ratio [or] of 3.38 with a 95 per cent confidence interval [ci] of 1.82 to 6.22), whereas the likelihood was less in herds with antibodi ... | 2002 | 12019533 |
| trigeminal neuropathy in dogs: a retrospective study of 29 cases (1991-2000). | the medical records of 29 dogs unable to close their mouths due to flaccid paralysis or paresis of the muscles innervated by the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve, were reviewed. idiopathic trigeminal neuropathy was diagnosed in 26 dogs based on complete resolution of clinical signs and lack of any long-term neurological disease. of these dogs, golden retrievers were overrepresented. no age, sex, or seasonal predispositions were identified. trigeminal sensory innervation deficits were ob ... | 2002 | 12022413 |
| companion animal parasitology: a clinical perspective. | in recent years there have been many changes to the ways that clinical veterinary science is conducted and nowhere is this more evident than in companion animal practice. veterinarians working with pet dogs and cats are facing new challenges associated with the emergence and re-emergence of parasitic diseases. some, such as neospora caninum, have been recently recognised; others like giardia and cryptosporidium have been reported with increasing frequency, in part as a result of laboratory tests ... | 2002 | 11943231 |
| serological investigation of aborted sheep and pigs for infection by neospora caninum. | serology for neospora caninum was undertaken using direct elisas on sera from 660 aborted sheep and 454 breeding sows, which had aborted or were considered infertile. all ovine sera were further tested by indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) for n. caninum, and a latex agglutination test (lat) for toxoplasma gondii was performed on 423 of the samples, including all those positive by elisa. elisa-positive porcine sera were tested by ifat and an inhibition elisa for antibodies to n. caninum a ... | 2002 | 12204640 |
| quantitative detection of neospora caninum in bovine aborted fetuses and experimentally infected mice by real-time pcr. | we report the development of a real-time pcr assay for the quantitative detection of neospora caninum in infected host tissues. the assay uses the double-stranded dna-binding dye sybr green i to continuously monitor product formation. oligonucleotide primers were designed to amplify a 76-bp dna fragment corresponding to the nc5 sequence of n. caninum. a similar method was developed to quantify the 28s rrna host gene in order to compare the parasite load of different samples and to correct for th ... | 2002 | 11923330 |
| cutaneous neosporosis during treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in a dog. | a 4-year-old, intact male rottweiler was presented with a 10-day history of papulonodular dermatitis. at the time of presentation, the dog was receiving prednisone and azathioprine to treat pemphigus foliaceus. cutaneous neosporosis was diagnosed by immunohistochemistry on skin biopsy specimens and a high serum antibody titer to neospora caninum by neospora agglutination test. electron microscopy examination of skin specimens further supported the diagnosis. clindamycin therapy, together with wi ... | 2002 | 12220024 |
| confirmation of the prevention of vertical transmission of neospora caninum in cattle by the use of embryo transfer. | 2002 | 12224621 | |
| infection of organotypic slice cultures from rat central nervous tissue with neospora caninum: an alternative approach to study host-parasite interactions. | neospora caninum is an apicomplexan parasite which has emerged as an important cause of bovine abortion worldwide. abortion is usually triggered by reactivation of dormant bradyzoites during pregnancy and subsequent congenital infection of the foetus, where the central nervous system appears to be most frequently affected. we here report on an organotypic tissue culture model for neospora infection which can be used to study certain aspects of the cerebral phase of neosporosis within the context ... | 2002 | 11943226 |
| factors associated with neospora caninum serostatus in cattle of 20 specialised costa rican dairy herds. | twenty-five specialised costa rican dairy farms (located in the poás area) were used to determine neosporosis seroprevalence and the association of seropositivity with environmental and management factors. the farms involved were selected intentionally and all of them use vampp 5.1 (veterinary automated management and production control programme) as management-information system. holstein-friesian, jersey and crosses between them were the most-frequent breeds in these herds. the number of femal ... | 2002 | 11937233 |
| vaccine development against neospora caninum infection. | neospora caninum is a recognized protozoan parasite of a wide range of mammalian hosts, and was reported for the first time in 1988. the isolation of its oocysts in dog's faeces in 1998 led to its establishment as a parasitic species undergoing typical coccidian life cycle. infection with n. caninum causes paralysis and death in young livestock and companion animals, and is associated with abortions and stillbirth in cattle, and neurologic disease in calves. considering the economic and agricult ... | 2002 | 11853138 |
| point source exposure of cattle to neospora caninum consistent with periods of common housing and feeding and related to the introduction of a dog. | eight dairy herds with evidence of post-natal transmission of neospora caninum were used to test the hypothesis of a point source exposure by a retrospective analysis of the housing and feeding of infected age-groups. the first n. caninum-associated abortion or birth of n. caninum-seropositive offspring from the post-natally infected age-group was considered as the first indication of the infection. in seven of the eight dairy herds, a point source exposure to n. caninum of the infected age-grou ... | 2002 | 11900922 |