Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID(sorted ascending)
Filter
comparative metabolomics of aging in a long-lived bat: insights into the physiology of extreme longevity.vespertilionid bats (mammalia: order chiroptera) live 3-10 times longer than other mammals of an equivalent body size. at present, nothing is known of how bat fecal metabolic profiles shift with age in any taxa. this study established the feasibility of using a non-invasive, fecal metabolomics approach to examine age-related differences in the fecal metabolome of young and elderly adult big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) as an initial investigation into using metabolomics for age determination. s ...201829715267
tuning for rate and duration of frequency-modulated sweeps in the mammalian inferior colliculus.responses of auditory duration-tuned neurons (dtns) are selective for stimulus duration. we used single-unit extracellular recording to investigate how the inferior colliculus (ic) encodes frequency-modulated (fm) sweeps in the big brown bat. it was unclear whether the responses of so-called "fm dtns" encode signal duration, like classic pure-tone dtns, or the fm sweep rate. most fm cells had spiking responses selective for downward fm sweeps. we presented cells with linear fm sweeps whose cente ...201829790835
natural echolocation sequences evoke echo-delay selectivity in the auditory midbrain of the fm bat, eptesicus fuscus.echolocating bats must process temporal streams of sonar sounds to represent objects along the range axis. neuronal echo-delay tuning, the putative mechanism of sonar ranging, has been characterized in the inferior colliculus (ic) of the mustached bat, an insectivorous species that produces echolocation calls consisting of constant frequency and frequency modulated (fm) components, but not in species that use fm signals alone. this raises questions about the mechanisms that give rise to echo-del ...201829924708
active acoustic interference elicits echolocation changes in heterospecific bats.echolocating bats often forage in the presence of both conspecific and heterospecific individuals, which have the potential to produce acoustic interference. recent studies have shown that at least one bat species, the brazilian free-tailed bat (tadarida brasiliensis), produces specialized social signals that disrupt the sonar of conspecific competitors. we herein discuss the differences between passive and active jamming signals and test whether heterospecific jamming occurs in species overlapp ...201829950451
adaptive sonar call timing supports target tracking in echolocating bats.echolocating bats dynamically adapt the features of their sonar calls as they approach obstacles and track targets. as insectivorous bats forage, they increase sonar call rate with decreasing prey distance, and often embedded in bat insect approach sequences are clusters of sonar sounds, termed sonar sound groups (ssgs). the bat's production of ssgs has been observed in both field and laboratory conditions, and is hypothesized to sharpen spatiotemporal sonar resolution. when insectivorous bats h ...201829997156
early erratic flight response of the lucerne moth to the quiet echolocation calls of distant bats.nocturnal insects have evolved ultrasound-sensitive hearing in response to predation pressures from echolocating insectivorous bats. flying tympanate moths take various evasive actions when they detect bat cries, including turning away, performing a steering/zigzagging flight and ceasing flight. in general, infrequent ultrasonic pulses with low sound intensities that are emitted by distant bats evoke slight turns, whereas frequent and loud ultrasonic pulses of nearby bats evoke erratic or rapid ...201830125318
fireflies thwart bat attack with multisensory warnings.many defended animals prevent attacks by displaying warning signals that are highly conspicuous to their predators. we hypothesized that bioluminescing fireflies, widely known for their vibrant courtship signals, also advertise their noxiousness to echolocating bats. to test this postulate, we pit naïve big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) against chemically defended fireflies (photinus pyralis) to examine whether and how these beetles transmit salient warnings to bats. we demonstrate that these no ...201830140743
echolocation and flight behavior of the bat hipposideros armiger terasensis in a structured corridor.in this study, the echolocation and flight behaviors of the taiwanese leaf-nosed bat (hipposideros armiger terasensis), which uses constant-frequency (cf) biosonar signals combined with a frequency-modulated (fm) sweep, are compared with those of the big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus), which uses fm signals alone. the cf-fm bat flew through a corridor bounded by vertical poles on either side, and the inter-pole spacing of the walls was manipulated to create different echo flow conditions. the bat' ...201830180698
3d hippocampal place field dynamics in free-flying echolocating bats.a large body of laboratory research has investigated the process by which environmental cues are acquired and used for spatial navigation in rodents; however, the key to differentiating between species specializations and general principles lies in comparative research. rodent research has focused on a class of neurons in the hippocampus implicated in the representation of allocentric space - termed place cells - and the process by which these representations form. one class of models of hippoca ...201830190673
big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) successfully navigate through clutter after exposure to intense band-limited sound.echolocating big brown bats fly, orient, forage, and roost in cluttered acoustic environments in which aggregate sound pressure levels can be as intense as 100 to 140 db spl, levels that would impair auditory perception in other terrestrial mammals. we showed previously that bats exposed to intense wide-band sound (116 db spl) can navigate successfully through dense acoustic clutter. here, we extend these results by quantifying performance of bats navigating through a cluttered scene after expos ...201830201987
in vivo efficacy of a cocktail of human monoclonal antibodies (cl184) against diverse north american bat rabies virus variants.following rabies virus (rabv) exposure, a combination of thorough wound washing, multiple-dose vaccine administration and the local infiltration of rabies immune globulin (rig) are essential components of modern post-exposure prophylaxis (pep). although modern cell-culture-based rabies vaccines are increasingly used in many countries, rig is much less available. the prohibitive cost of polyclonal serum rig products has prompted a search for alternatives and design of anti-rabv monoclonal antibod ...201730270905
bat rabies in washington state: temporal-spatial trends and risk factors for zoonotic transmission (2000-2017).rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that can affect all mammals. in the united states, the majority of human rabies cases are caused by bats, which are the only known reservoirs for rabies virus (rabv) in washington state. we sought to characterize bat rabv epidemiology in washington among bats submitted by the public for rabv testing.201830300384
echo interval and not echo intensity drives bat flight behavior in structured corridors.to navigate in the natural environment, animals must adapt their locomotion in response to environmental stimuli. the echolocating bat relies on auditory processing of echo returns to represent its surroundings. recent studies have shown that echo flow patterns influence bat navigation, but the acoustic basis for flight path selection remains unknown. to investigate this problem, we released bats in a flight corridor with walls constructed of adjacent individual wooden poles, which returned casc ...201830355612
arousal from hibernation and reactivation of eptesicus fuscus gammaherpesvirus (efhv) in big brown bats.many viruses that cause serious and often fatal disease in humans have spilled over from bats. recent evidence suggests that stress may enhance virus shedding by bats increasing the possibility of transmission to other species. to understand the reasons for spillover is therefore important to determine the molecular pathways that link stress to virus reactivation and shedding in bats. we recently isolated and characterized a gammaherpesvirus (eptesicus fuscus herpesvirus, efhv) autochthonous to ...201930554475
habitat associations of bats in a working rangeland landscape.land-use change has resulted in rangeland loss and degradation globally. these changes include conversion of native grasslands for row-crop agriculture as well as degradation of remaining rangeland due to fragmentation and changing disturbance regimes. understanding how these and other factors influence wildlife use of rangelands is important for conservation and management of wildlife populations. we investigated bat habitat associations in a working rangeland in southeastern north dakota. we u ...201930680140
interferon regulatory factor 3-mediated signaling limits middle-east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus propagation in cells from an insectivorous bat.insectivorous bats are speculated to be ancestral hosts of middle-east respiratory syndrome (mers) coronavirus (cov). mers-cov causes disease in humans with thirty-five percent fatality, and has evolved proteins that counteract human antiviral responses. since bats experimentally infected with mers-cov do not develop signs of disease, we tested the hypothesis that mers-cov would replicate less efficiently in bat cells than in human cells because of its inability to subvert antiviral responses in ...201930781790
biosonar interpulse intervals and pulse-echo ambiguity in four species of echolocating bats.in complex biosonar scenes, the delay of echoes represents the spatial distribution of objects in depth. to avoid overlap of echo streams from successive broadcasts, individual echolocation sounds should only be emitted after all echoes of previous sounds have returned. however, close proximity of obstacles demands rapid pulse updates for steering to avoid collisions, which often means emitting a new sound before all of the previous echoes have returned. when two echo streams overlap, there is a ...201930877230
echolocating bats inspect and discriminate landmark features to guide navigation.landmark-guided navigation is a common behavioral strategy for way-finding, yet prior studies have not examined how animals collect sensory information to discriminate landmark features. we investigated this question in animals that rely on active sensing to guide navigation. four echolocating bats (eptesicus fuscus) were trained to use an acoustic landmark to find and navigate through a net opening for a food reward. in experimental trials, an object serving as a landmark was placed adjacent to ...201930936268
a smart curtailment approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment time at wind energy facilities.the development and expansion of wind energy is considered a key global threat to bat populations. bat carcasses are being found underneath wind turbines across north and south america, eurasia, africa, and the austro-pacific. however, relatively little is known about the comparative impacts of techniques designed to modify turbine operations in ways that reduce bat fatalities associated with wind energy facilities. this study tests a novel approach for reducing bat fatalities and curtailment ti ...201930939226
effect of sound pressure level on contralateral inhibition underlying duration-tuned neurons in the mammalian inferior colliculus.duration tuning in the mammalian inferior colliculus (ic) is created by the interaction of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs. we used extracellular recordings and paired tone stimulation to measure the strength and time course of the contralateral inhibition underlying duration-tuned neurons (dtns) in the ic of the awake bat. the onset time of a short, best duration (bd), excitatory probe tone set to +10 db (re threshold) was varied relative to the onset of a longer-duration, nonexcitato ...201931017836
echolocating bats perceive natural-size targets as a unitary class using micro-spectral ripples in echoes.echolocating big brown bats emit frequency-modulated (fm) sounds covering ultrasonic frequencies in two harmonic sweeps (fm1 from 50-60 khz sweeping down to 20-25 khz, fm2 from 100-110 khz sweeping down to 45 khz). using a complex interplay of acoustic cues, the bats perceive object distance from echo delay and object shape from echo spectra. typical natural targets-flying insects-return discrete reflections, called glints, from prominent body parts (e.g., head, wings). insect sizes are mostly 0 ...201931021108
hypsugopoxvirus: a novel poxvirus isolated from hypsugo savii in italy.interest in bat-related viruses has increased considerably during the last decade, leading to the discovery of a rising number of new viruses in several bat species. poxviridae are a large, diverse family of dna viruses that can infect a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. to date, only a few documented detections of poxviruses have been described in bat populations on three different continents (america, africa, and australia). these viruses are phylogenetically dissimilar and have div ...201931248065
rabies outbreak in captive big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) used in a white-nose syndrome vaccine trial.an outbreak of rabies occurred in a captive colony of wild-caught big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus). five of 27 bats exhibited signs of rabies virus infection 22-51 d after capture or 18-22 d after contact with the index case. rabid bats showed weight loss, aggression, increased vocalization, hypersalivation, and refusal of food. antigenic typing and virus sequencing confirmed that all five bats were infected with an identical rabies virus variant that circulates in e. fuscus in the us. two bats ...202031295082
winter habitats of bats in texas.few studies have described winter microclimate selection by bats in the southern united states. this is of particular importance as the cold-adapted fungus, pseudogymnoascus destructans, which causes the fatal bat disease white-nose syndrome (wns), continues to spread into southern united states. to better understand the suitability of winter bat habitats for the growth of p. destructans in this region, we collected roost temperature and vapor pressure deficit from 97 hibernacula in six ecoregio ...201931393965
lipolytic activity and the utilization of fatty acids associated with bat sebum by pseudogymnoascus destructans.pseudogymnoascus destructans is the causative agent of a fungal infection of bats known as white-nose syndrome (wns). since its discovery in 2006, it has been responsible for precipitous declines of several species of cave-dwelling north american bats. while numerous advancements in the understanding of the disease processes underlying wns have been made in recent years, there are still many aspects of wns, particularly with respect to pathogen virulence, that remain unknown. in this preliminary ...201931529298
sonar strobe groups and buzzes are produced before powered flight is achieved in the juvenile big brown bat, eptesicus fuscus.laryngeally echolocating bats produce a rapid succession of echolocation calls just before landing. these landing buzzes exhibit an increase in call rate and a decrease in call peak frequency and duration relative to pre-buzz calls, and resemble the terminal buzz phase calls of an aerial hawking bat's echolocation attack sequence. sonar strobe groups (ssgs) are clustered sequences of non-buzz calls whose pulse intervals (pis) are fairly regular and shorter than the pis both before and after the ...201931548288
rapid increases in bat activity and diversity after wetland construction in an urban ecosystem.wetland construction can mitigate the biodiversity and water quality losses associated with reduced natural wetland coverage. while beneficial effects of wetland construction for bats have been observed in natural and rural settings, the effects of wetland construction on bats in an urban ecosystem are less understood. we used passive acoustic monitoring to measure bat activity levels and diversity at two constructed wetlands and two control sites on the university of north carolina greensboro c ...201931564763
frequency-modulated up-chirps produce larger evoked responses than down-chirps in the big brown bat auditory brainstem.in many mammals, upward-sweeping frequency-modulated (fm) sounds (up-chirps) evoke larger auditory brainstem responses than downward-sweeping sounds (down-chirps). to determine if similar effects occur in fm echolocating bats, auditory evoked responses (aers) in big brown bats in response to up-chirps and down-chirps at different chirp durations and levels were recorded. even though down-chirps are the biologically relevant stimulus for big brown bats, up-chirps typically evoked larger peaks in ...201931590554
seasonal transfer and quantification of urinary estradiol in the big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus).growing evidence shows that sex steroids not only act within the individual whose glands produce them; they can also act on proximate conspecifics. previous studies show that exogenous 17β-estradiol (e2) can be absorbed both nasally and percutaneously, arriving in blood, neural, reproductive, and peripheral tissues. when male bats were injected with radiolabeled e2 (3h-e2) and housed with females during the mating season, radioactivity was reliably measured in the females' tissues. the present s ...202031733210
binaural response properties and sensitivity to interaural difference of neurons in the auditory cortex of the big brown bat, eptesicus fuscus.this study examines binaural response properties and sensitivity to interaural level difference of single neurons in the primary auditory cortex (ac) of the big brown bat, eptesicus fuscus under earphone stimulation conditions. contralateral sound stimulation always evoked response from all 306 ac neurons recorded but ipsilateral sound stimulation either excited, inhibited or did not affect their responses. high best frequency (bf) neurons typically had high minimum threshold (mt) and low bf neu ...202031785358
incomer, a dd36e family of tc1/mariner transposons newly discovered in animals.the tc1/mariner superfamily might represent the most diverse and widely distributed group of dna transposons. several families have been identified; however, exploring the diversity of this superfamily and updating its classification is still ongoing in the life sciences.201931788035
safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of intramuscular and oral delivery of era-g333 recombinant rabies virus vaccine to big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus).attenuated strains of rabies virus (rabv) have been used for oral vaccination of wild carnivores in europe and north america. however, some rabv vaccines caused clinical rabies in target animals. to improve the safety of attenuated rabv as an oral vaccine for field use, strategies using selection of escape mutants under monoclonal antibody neutralization pressure and reverse genetics-defined mutations have been used. we tested the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of one rabv construct, era-g ...202031895645
neural response selectivity to natural sounds in the bat midbrain.little is known about the neural mechanisms that mediate differential action-selection responses to communication and echolocation calls in bats. for example, in the big brown bat, frequency modulated (fm) food-claiming communication calls closely resemble fm echolocation calls, which guide social and orienting behaviors, respectively. using advanced signal processing methods, we identified fine differences in temporal structure of these natural sounds that appear key to auditory discrimination ...202031918008
big brown bats are challenged by acoustically-guided flights through a circular tunnel of hoops.mines and caves provide essential roosting places for bats, but often they are obstructed to prevent entry by humans. to allow bats to access their roosts, metal corrugated culvert pipes are sometimes installed. wildlife surveys indicate, however, that bats may abandon caves having corrugated culvert entrances. culverts may be confusing to bats due to the complex patterns of echoes returned by the regular, ring-like corrugations. we tested the hypothesis that a circular tunnel composed of succes ...202031964933
serological survey of lyssaviruses in polish bats in the frame of passive rabies surveillance using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.background: bats are known to host a number of nonpathogenic viruses, as well as highly pathogenic viruses causing fatal diseases like rabies. serological surveys as part of active and passive bat rabies surveillance mainly use seroneutralization assays, demonstrating the presence of lyssavirus-specific antibodies in a variety of european bats, particularly against european bat lyssaviruses type 1 (eblv-1). here, we present the first serological survey in european bats of this kind during which ...202032121200
using deuterium oxide as a non-invasive, non-lethal tool for assessing body composition and water consumption in mammals.body condition scoring systems and body condition indices are common techniques used for assessing the health status or fitness of a species. body condition scoring systems are evaluator dependent and have the potential to be highly subjective. body condition indices can be confounded by foraging, the effects of body weight, as well as statistical and inferential problems. an alternative to body condition scoring systems and body condition indices is using a stable isotope such as deuterium oxid ...202032150166
seroprevalence in bats and detection of borrelia burgdorferi in bat ectoparasites.the role of bats in the enzootic cycle of lyme disease and relapsing fever-causing bacteria is a matter of speculation. in canada, borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (ss) is the genospecies that is responsible for most cases of lyme disease in humans. in this study, we determined if big brown bats, eptesicus fuscus, have been exposed to spirochetes from the genus borrelia. we collected serum from 31 bats and tested them for the presence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies using a commercial ...202032244986
selection of viral variants during persistent infection of insectivorous bat cells with middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus.coronaviruses that cause severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars) and middle east respiratory syndrome (mers) are speculated to have originated in bats. the mechanisms by which these viruses are maintained in individuals or populations of reservoir bats remain an enigma. mathematical models have predicted long-term persistent infection with low levels of periodic shedding as a likely route for virus maintenance and spillover from bats. in this study, we tested the hypothesis that bat cells and m ...202032350357
estimation of spatiotemporal trends in bat abundance from mortality data collected at wind turbines.renewable energy sources, such as wind energy, are essential tools for reducing the causes of climate change, but wind turbines can pose a collision risk for bats. to date, the population-level effects of wind-related mortality have been estimated for only 1 bat species. to estimate temporal trends in bat abundance, we considered wind turbines as opportunistic sampling tools for flying bats (analogous to fishing nets), where catch per unit effort (carcass abundance per monitored turbine) is a pr ...202032424911
transcriptional host-pathogen responses of pseudogymnoascus destructans and three species of bats with white-nose syndrome.understanding how context (e.g., host species, environmental conditions) drives disease susceptibility is an essential goal of disease ecology. we hypothesized that in bat white-nose syndrome (wns), species-specific host-pathogen interactions may partly explain varying disease outcomes among host species. we characterized bat and pathogen transcriptomes in paired samples of lesion-positive and lesion-negative wing tissue from bats infected with pseudogymnoascus destructans in three parallel expe ...202032552222
how frequency hopping suppresses pulse-echo ambiguity in bat biosonar.big brown bats transmit wideband fm biosonar sounds that sweep from 55 to 25 khz (first harmonic, fm1) and from 110 to 50 khz (second harmonic, fm2). fm1 is required to perceive echo delay for target ranging; fm2 contributes only if corresponding fm1 frequencies are present. we show that echoes need only the lowest fm1 broadcast frequencies of 25 to 30 khz for delay perception. if these frequencies are removed, no delay is perceived. bats begin echo processing at the lowest frequencies and accum ...202032632013
dolphin echo-delay resolution measured with a jittered-echo paradigm.biosonar echo delay resolution was investigated in four bottlenose dolphins (tursiops truncatus) using a "jittered" echo paradigm, where dolphins discriminated between electronic echoes with fixed delay and those whose delay alternated (jittered) on successive presentations. the dolphins performed an echo-change detection task and produced a conditioned acoustic response when detecting a change from non-jittering echoes to jittering echoes. jitter delay values ranged from 0 to 20 μs. a passive l ...202032752735
antifungal potential of the skin microbiota of hibernating big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) infected with the causal agent of white-nose syndrome.little is known about skin microbiota in the context of the disease white-nose syndrome (wns), caused by the fungus pseudogymnoascus destructans (pd), that has caused enormous declines of hibernating north american bats over the past decade. interestingly, some hibernating species, such as the big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus), appear resistant to the disease and their skin microbiota could play a role. however, a comprehensive analysis of the skin microbiota of e. fuscus in the context of pd has ...202032793178
first record of carios kelleyi (acari: ixodida: argasidae) in new jersey, united states and implications for public health.the soft tick carios kelleyi (cooley and kohls), a parasite of bats known to occur in at least 29 of the 48 conterminous u.s. states, is here reported from new jersey for the first time, based on larvae collected from big brown bats, eptesicus fuscus. although thought to be widespread in north america, the ecology of c. kelleyi is not well understood, despite reports of this species feeding on humans and its consequent potential as a disease vector. the association of c. kelleyi with bat species ...202032901802
north american big brown bats (eptesicus fuscus) harbor an exogenous deltaretrovirus.bats are the reservoir for a large number of zoonotic viruses, including members of coronaviridae (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus [sars-cov] and sars-cov-2), paramyxoviridae (hendra and nipah viruses), rhabdoviridae (rabies virus), and filoviridae (ebola virus) as exemplars. many retroviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus, are similarly zoonotic; however, only infectious exogenous gammaretroviruses have recently been identified in bats. here, viral metagenomic sequencing o ...202032968009
do bats use guano and urine stains to find new roosts? tests with three group-living bats.many animals use social cues to find refuges. bats can find roosts using the echolocation and social calls of conspecifics, but they might also use scent cues, a possibility which is less studied. the entrances of bat roosts are often marked by guano and urine, providing possible scent cues. we conducted eight experiments to test whether bats use the scent of guano and urine to find potential roosts. in field experiments, we tested if molossus molossus (velvety free-tailed bats) in panama and ep ...202033047058
echolocating bats accumulate information from acoustic snapshots to predict auditory object motion.unlike other predators that use vision as their primary sensory system, bats compute the three-dimensional (3d) position of flying insects from discrete echo snapshots, which raises questions about the strategies they employ to track and intercept erratically moving prey from interrupted sensory information. here, we devised an ethologically inspired behavioral paradigm to directly test the hypothesis that echolocating bats build internal prediction models from dynamic acoustic stimuli to antici ...202033139550
novel and diverse non-rabies rhabdoviruses identified in bats with human exposure, south dakota, usa.bats are a host and reservoir for a large number of viruses, many of which are zoonotic. in north america, the big brown bat (eptesicus fuscus) is widely distributed and common. big brown bats are a known reservoir for rabies virus, which, combined with their propensity to roost in human structures, necessitates testing for rabies virus following human exposure. the current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, likely of bat origin, illustrates the need for continue ...202033302422
biological characteristics and permissiveness to viruses of diploid kidney cells strain from the bat nathusius' pipistrelle (pipistrellus nathusii keyserling & blasius, 1839; chiroptera: microchiroptera: vespertilionidae).bats are an epidemiologically important natural reservoir of viruses of various taxonomic groups, including causative agents of especially dangerous infections of humans and animals. considering the relevance of arbovirus infections, it seems advisable to study the spectrum of the sensitivity of cells derived from bats inhabiting and migrating on the territory of the russian federation to causative agents of vector-borne diseases of animals.the study aimed to obtain a diploid strain of cells fro ...202133683063
Refresh
firstprev
123456
nextlast
Displaying items 501 - 549 of 549