Publications

genetic analysis of hair samples attributed to yeti, bigfoot and other anomalous primates.	in the first ever systematic genetic survey, we have used rigorous decontamination followed by mitochondrial 12s rna sequencing to identify the species origin of 30 hair samples attributed to anomalous primates. two himalayan samples, one from ladakh, india, the other from bhutan, had their closest genetic affinity with a palaeolithic polar bear, ursus maritimus. otherwise the hairs were from a range of known extant mammals.	0	24990672
a contribution to the psychology of the polar bear (ursus maritimus lin.).		1886	17814868
the proper name of the polar bear.		1899	17745055
the proper name of the polar bear.		1899	17736015
polar bear-beware!		1946	20323676
toxicity of polar bear liver.		1949	18141621
[trichinosis in polar bear (thalarctos maritimus phipps)].		1957	13496715
electrolytes in tissues, red cells, and plasma of the polar bear and caribou.		1966	5905879
polar bear milk. 3. gel-electrophoretic studies of protein fractions isolated from polar bear milk and human milk.		1967	6064062
vitamin a content of polar bear liver.		1967	6036254
mitral stenosis--how not to miss it. with emphasis on the "white bear" syndrome.		1969	5346568
the foetal membranes of polar bear (thalarctos maritimus).		1969	5779570
pyocephalus and gastritis in a polar bear (thalarctus maritimus).		1969	5388171
liver lipids of the polar bear, thalarctos maritimus.		1970	5488806
polar bear milk. iv. gross composition, fatty acid, and mineral constitution.		1970	5415436
[histomorphological studies of the trichinella strain of polar bears].		1971	5161150
[helminth fauna and muscle phase of trichinellosis in polar bears from wrangel island].		1971	5161149
dermatitis caused by dermatophilus congolensis infection in polar bears (thalactos maritimus).		1972	5049481
dermatitis caused by dermatophilus congolensis in polar bears (thalarctos maritimus).		1973	4721942
editorial: trichinosis: from bismarck to polar bears.		1974	4406266
radiative surface temperatures of the polar bear.		1974	4833189
industrial chemicals. extraction of polychlorinated biphenyls: evaluation of a column technique applied to polar bear and seal tissue.		1974	4205312
xeroradiographic visualization of trichinae in polar bear muscle.		1975	1206220
dermatophilosis in two polar bears.	dermatophilosis was diagnosed in 2 of 13 captive polar bears (thalarctos maritimus), causing generalized dermatitis of 3 years' and 6 months' duration, respectively. progressive clinical signs included yellowing and darkening of the hair, pruritus, encrustation of skin, and reluctance to bathe. dramatic resolution of lesions occurred during 8 weeks of twice-weekly intramuscular treatment with long-acting penicillin.	1975	1176347
the caloric value of whole ringed seals (phoca hispida) in relation to polar bear (ursus maritimus) ecology and hunting behavior.		1975	1167176
chemotherapy of helminthiasis among wild mammals. ii. baylisascaris transfuga (rudolphi, 1819) sprent, 1968 infection of polar bear.	effective chemotherapy by mebendazole of baylisascaris transfuga infection of five polar bears is reported and a control measure programme directed towards limiting the infection under the prevailing condition is discussed.	1976	1015484
radiative surface temperatures of exercising polar bears.		1976	3313
on the tryptic peptides from hemoglobin chains of six carnivores.	the amino acid compositions of the tryptic peptides of the following carnivore hemoglobin chains have been determined: gray fox (urocyon cineroargenteus); raccoon (procyon lotor); polar bear (thalarctos maritimus); coati mundi (nasua nasua) beta chain; coati mundi (nasua narica) two beta chains; cat (felis catus) alpha chain; and lion (pantbera leo) beta chain. these provide a basis for future sequencing of these hemoglobins and construction of an evolutionary tree. the specific results are summ ...	1977	864727
observations on a trichinella spiralis isolate from a polar bear.		1978	739315
status of trichinosis in bears in the atlantic provinces of canada 1971--1976.	during 1971 to 1976 inclusive, 73 black bears, ursus americanus and one polar bear, thalarctos maritimus, originating in the atlantic provinces of canada were examined for the presence of trichinosis. the polar bear was infected but all of the black bears were negative.	1978	667710
parasite-related lesions in a bearded seal, erignathus barbatus.	a free-ranging adult male bearded seal (erignathus barbatus) killed by polar bears was salvaged and examined at necropsy. significant findings included diffuse intrahepatic bile duct fibrosis and chronic cholangitis; multiple nodules of chronic fibrosing pancreatitis; and gastric ulcers. trematode eggs (family campulidae) were found in the pancreatic nodules. these eggs and the trematodes that produced them probably caused the pancreatic and liver lesions. phocanema decipiens and contracaecum os ...	1979	113564
the greening of polar bears in zoos.		1979	109768
evaluation of fentanyl citrate, etorphine hydrochloride, and naloxone hydrochloride in captive polar bears.		1979	521360
electrophoretic variation in large mammals. i. the polar bear, thalarctos maritimus.		1979	500390
modes of thermal protection in polar bear cubs--at birth and on emergence from the den.	at birth in late december the polar bear is small (700 g), uninsulated, and helpless. it probably has a modest capacity for metabolic heat production and depends on the female and a snow den in which it is born for thermal protection. the microclimate of an artificial polar bear den was investigated at point barrow, ak, and the temperature therein found to stay around 0 degrees c provided a heat source (200 w) equivalent to an adult polar bear was introduced. when the bears desert the den in ear ...	1979	434189
treatment of an acquired abdominal hernia in a polar bear (thalarctos maritimus).	a heart rate radio-transmitter was surgically implanted in the abdomen of a captive adult male polar bear (thalarctos maritimus), but within five weeks a purulent discharge was observed at the incision site. the transmitter was surgically removed along with many fragments of the fractured encapsulation material. the skin incision healed, but a large hernia remained. repeated localized trauma to the hernia sac necessitated surgical repair.	1979	459038
multiple beta cell neoplasms in a polar bear: an immunohistochemical study.	a 25-year-old polar bear had multiple pancreatic islet cell adenomas and carcinomas. special staining and immunohistochemical techniques showed the neoplasms to be of beta cell origin. an association between excessive carbohydrate diet and the multiple beta cell neoplasms is suggested.	1980	6102816
utilization of solar radiation by polar animals: an optical model for pelts.	a summary of existing passive solar-heat conversion panels provides the basis for a definition of an ideal passive solar-heat converter. evidence for the existence of a biological greenhouse effect in certain homopolar homeothermic species is reviewed. the thermal and optical properties of homeothermic pelts, in particular those of the polar bear, are described, and a qualitative optical model of the polar bear pelt is proposed. the effectiveness of polar bear and seal pelts as solar-heat conver ...	1980	20216852
chemical attraction in the genus trichinella.	chemical attraction in the genus trichinella was studied in vitro. male adult worms of trichinella spiralis, t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis, and trichinella sp. isolate (polar bear isolate) were attracted to females of their own isolates. the intensity of heterosexual chemical attraction between t. spiralis and the trichinella sp. isolate was similar, whereas t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis males were attracted less by either t. spiralis or the trichinella sp. isolate females. female worms of a ...	1980	7365640
the interrelationship of chromosome banding patterns in the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca), hybrid bear (ursus middendorfi x thalarctos maritimus), and other carnivores.	the banded chromosomes of the giant panda (ailuropoda melanoleuca) and a hybrid bear (ursus middendorfi x thalarctos maritimus) have been studied and compared to those of other carnivores. the giant panda shares only a few apparently homologous chromosome arms with the bear (ursidae) and equally few with the lesser panda, ailurus fulgens (procyonidae). chromosomal evidence suggests appropriate placement of the giant panda in a family separate from the uridae and the procyonidae.	1980	7398370
baffin island medical experience includes polar bears, caribou hunt, eskimos.		1981	7231213
immobilization of polar bears (ursus maritimus, phipps) with ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride.	free ranging polar bears (ursus maritimus) were immobilized using a concentrated solution of 200 mg ketamine hcl and 200 mg xylazine hcl per ml. a mean dosage of 6.8 mg (n = 21) of each drug/kg body weight was successful in immobilizing polar bears older than one year and 2.8 mg (n = 6) of each drug/kg body weight was effective for cubs of the year (coy). mean induction time for bears other than coy was 13.2 min. mean induction time for coy was 2 min. bears were tractable for a minimum of 30 min ...	1981	7310940
body mass, temperature and cost of walking in polar bears.	body temperatures and oxygen consumption of three sub-adult polar bears (ursus maritimus) during treadmill exercise are presented. comparisons are also made with results from prior studies of polar bear locomotion. the increase in body temperature and the metabolic cost were unexpectedly high, particularly in young animals. an equation describing the cost of locomotion versus body mass shows a negative, and apparently linear relationship. a significant correlation between body temperature and ox ...	1982	7180534
trichinosis in a polar bear, thalarctos maritimus, from the royal melbourne zoo.		1982	7150138
designation and freezing resistance of isolates of trichinella spiralis from wild carnivores.	a system to designate and define isolates of trichinella spiralis is proposed. the designation gives the host from which the isolate was recovered, geographic origin, and year of recovery. isolates of t. spiralis recovered from frozen muscles from four species of wild carnivores had low and different infectivity to laboratory mice. viable larvae of t. spiralis were obtained from muscle samples of marten, wolverine, polar bear and arctic fox which had been frozen for 5, 6, 12 and 14 mo, respectiv ...	1982	7097881
biological characteristics and host influence on a geographical isolate of trichinella (wolverine: 55 degrees 00'n, 100 degrees 00'w, 1979).	biological characteristics of trichinella isolate (wolverine: 55 degrees 00'n, 100 degrees 00'w, 1979) were established in crl: cobs cfw (sw) mice. comparison of the wolverine isolate's biological characteristics with another trichinella isolate (polar bear), both from closely related geographic areas, revealed there were stable and reproducible genetic differences between isolates. differences were most pronounced for degree of infections causing a 50% mortality of mice, larval production by fe ...	1982	7097442
interbreeding and gene flow in the genus trichinella.	breeding experiments between isolates of trichinella spiralis--trichinella (pig; 43 degrees 00'n, 81 degrees 00'w; 1952), trichinella (polar bear; 58 degrees 00'n, 95 degrees 00'w; 1976), and trichinella (wolverine; 55 degrees 00'n, 100 degrees 00'w; 1979)--and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis were undertaken. results from breeding experiments differed, such as the inability of the strain isolated from pigs and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis to breed. the pig isolate was capable of breeding with ...	1983	6827435
infectivity of isolates of trichinella and the ability of an arctic isolate to survive freezing temperatures in the raccoon, procyon lotor, under experimental conditions.	the objectives of this study were to determine if the raccoon was a useful experimental animal for infections of trichinella and to determine if the ability of trichinella to survive freezing conditions, known to occur in wild animals, could be duplicated under laboratory conditions. the isolates of trichinella used in this study were from pigs, polar bear, wolverine, arctic fox and t. spiralis var. pseudospiralis originally isolated from a raccoon in the ussr. the raccoon was found to be a usef ...	1983	6644931
comparison of three subspecies of trichinella spiralis by scanning electron microscopy.	the surface morphology of three subspecies of trichinella spiralis was examined by sem in an attempt to find characteristics useful for distinguishing the subspecies. the subspecies studied were t. spiralis spiralis, which had been maintained in swine and laboratory animals for about 50 yr; t. spiralis nativa collected from ursus maritimus at 58 degrees n latitude and 95 degrees w longitude in 1976; and, t. spiralis pseudospiralis, which was derived from the original isolation of this subspecies ...	1983	6674461
freeze-resistance of trichinella cysts in polar bears from the high-arctic region of norway (svalbard).		1983	6613785
immobilization of polar bears with carfentanil.		1983	6887436
trichinella isolates from polar bears in svalbard. freeze resistance and infectivity in rats and swine.	the author isolated trichinella strains from five polar bears in svalbard (the high arctic region of norway). based on infectivity experiments with white mice (bom:nmr), the freeze resistance limits of the trichinella strains are outlined. further experiments showed that white rats (mol:wist) and pigs (sus scrofa domestica) are almost refractory to these trichinella strains. the infectivity of svalbard isolates in the above mentioned test animals was compared, in parallel experiments, with that ...	1984	6728674
hepatic neoplasia in two polar bears.		1985	3001007
use of yohimbine hydrochloride to reverse immobilization of polar bears by ketamine hydrochloride and xylazine hydrochloride.	yohimbine hydrochloride (yh) effectively reversed the immobilizing effects of ketamine hydrochloride (kh) combined with xylazine hydrochloride (xh) in 48 wild polar bears (ursus maritimus) handled in the summer. single intravenous doses of yh ranging between 0.029 and 0.198 mg/kg resulted in a median time of 10 min (range: 1-123 min) to post-injection recovery from kh-xh immobilization. convulsions and muscle twitching were observed in some bears after yh was administered and one death occurred. ...	1985	4078975
infectivity in rodents and cold resistance of trichinella spiralis isolated from pig and polar bear, and t. pseudospiralis.		1986	3723918
conservation of diagnostic antigen epitopes among biologically diverse isolates of trichinella spiralis.	crude and immunoaffinity-purified excretory-secretory antigens derived from a domestic pig isolate of trichinella spiralis were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to test serum from mice infected with 25 different pig and wild animal isolates of t. spiralis sspp. all of the sera were found positive by elisa using either of the antigen preparations, indicating all isolates shared certain antigen epitopes. excretory-secretory antigens were prepared from 3 distinct isolates of t. spiralis ...	1986	2434638
heavy metals and essential elements in livers of the polar bear (ursus maritimus) in the canadian arctic.	polar bear (ursus maritimus) livers (67) from six management zones in the western and central canadian arctic were analysed for 22 elements. several, ba, be, co, mo, ti, v and zr, were near the detection limit in all cases. baseline data were obtained for the remaining elements, ag, as, ca, cd, cu, fe, hg, k, mg, mn, na, p, se, sr and zn. no statistically significant effect of age, sex or geographical location was found for any of the elements, except cd, hg and se, for which age and geographica ...	1986	3961478
acyl coenzyme a:retinol acyltransferase activity and the vitamin a content of polar bear (ursus maritimus) liver.	acyl coenzyme a:retinol acyltransferase activity was identified in the microsomes from a polar bear liver. the highest rate of in vitro retinol esterification was 821 pmol/min/mg microsomal protein. the in vitro esterification rate displayed a small dependence upon the concentration of exogenous protein (bovine serum albumin) and even less on the concentration of sulfhydryl-reducing agent (dithiothreitol). vitamin a was present in the liver at a concentration of 8050 micrograms/g tissue, with 98 ...	1986	3757481
[primary structure of hemoglobin of the polar bear (ursus maritimus, carnivora) and the asiatic black bear (ursus tibetanus, carnivora].	the adult polar and asiatic black bear have one hemoglobin component each. the complete amino-acid sequences of their alpha- and beta-chains are presented. their primary structures were determined by sequencing the tryptic and prolyl peptides. the alignment of these peptides was deduced from homology to human hemoglobin chains. the hemoglobin sequences of the two species proved to be identical. the evolutionary aspects of this result are discussed. a table of identical hemoglobin sequences from ...	1986	3954890
the fatty acid composition of northern-canadian marine and terrestrial mammals.	the low mortality from cardiovascular disease in greenland eskimos has been attributed to their consumption of diets rich in omega-3 fatty acids. these fatty acids are found in fish and marine mammal lipids. whereas the fatty acid composition of several fish species has been documented, information is more limited on the mammals which feature significantly in the diets of many arctic populations. this study investigated the fatty acid composition of commonly eaten marine mammals, as well as the ...	1987	2890267
conservation of brain amyloid proteins in aged mammals and humans with alzheimer's disease.	the formation of clusters of altered axons and dendrites surrounding extracellular deposits of amyloid filaments (neuritic plaques) is a major feature of the human brain in both aging and alzheimer's disease. a panel of antibodies against amyloid filaments and their constituent proteins from humans with alzheimer's disease cross-reacted with neuritic plaque and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits in five other species of aged mammals, including monkey, orangutan, polar bear, and dog. antibodies to ...	1987	3544219
comparative studies on soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of seven trichinella isolates.	soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of eight enzymes were compared for extracts of muscle stage larvae of the seven trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel. soluble protein profiles and isozyme patterns of four enzymes: malic enzyme, glucosephosphate isomerase, phosphoglucomutase, superoxide dismutase of them were clearly divided into four types. t. pseudospiralis from a racoon and the polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2. the iwasaki s ...	1987	3615396
the primary structure of the hemoglobin of spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus, carnivora).	the complete primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin of spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus) is presented. following cleavage of the heme-protein link and chain separation by rp-hplc, their amino-acid sequences were determined by edman degradation in liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. the hemoglobin of spectacled bear displays only five amino-acid exchanges to that of polar bear (ursus maritimus, ursinae) and asiatic black bear (ursus tibetanus, ursinae) whereas 8 and 1 ...	1987	3663329
the primary structure of the hemoglobin of malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus, carnivora) and structural comparison to other hemoglobin sequences.	the complete primary structure of the alpha- and beta-chains of the hemoglobin of malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus) is presented. after cleavage of the heme-protein link and chain separation by rp-hplc, amino-acid sequences were determined by edman degradation in liquid- and gas-phase sequenators. an interesting result of this work is the demonstration that the hemoglobin of malayan sun bear is identical to the hemoglobins of polar bear (ursus maritimus) and asiatic black bear (ursus tibeta ...	1987	3620104
black bears and polar bears--still metabolic marvels.		1987	3626631
mercury in polar bears from alaska.	alaskan polar bear (ursus maritimus) muscle and liver samples collected in 1972 were analyzed for total mercury. bears north of alaska had more mercury than bears west of alaska. the only difference between young and adult animals was in the northern area where adults had more mercury in liver tissue than young animals. levels were probably not high enough to be a serious threat to bears.	1987	3586215
organochlorine contaminants in arctic marine food chains: identification, geographical distribution and temporal trends in polar bears.		1988	22148661
annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black (ursus americanus) and polar (ursus maritimus) bears.	the adaptation of black and polar bears to their environments is proportional to the severity of climate and food restriction. both black and polar bears mate during the spring, despite differences in their recent metabolic state. reproductive activity in black bears follows 4 mo of torpor, whereas reproduction in polar bears occurs prior to torpor. the goals of this study were to measure the annual changes in serum sex steroids in male and female black and polar bears, and to determine if chang ...	1988	3408772
the molecular phylogenic tree of the genus trichinella constructed from isozyme patterns.	six zymograms were compared for extracts of muscle-stage larvae of the seven trichinella isolates, using isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels. the isozyme patterns of acid phosphatase among them fell into four types. t. pseudospiralis from a raccoon and the polar strain from a polar bear formed type 1 and type 2, respectively. the iwasaki strain from a japanese black bear and the yamagata strain from a raccoon dog, both from japan, were type 3. type 4 consisted of three remaining strains, ...	1988	3057491
neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in aged bears.	in aged human beings and in individuals with age-associated degenerative disorders, particularly alzheimer's disease (ad), neurons develop cytoskeletal abnormalities, including neurofibrillary tangles (nft) and senile plaques (sp). senile plaques occur in several nonhuman species; however, nft, with ultrastructural or immunocytochemical similarities to those occurring in humans, have not been identified in other mammals. in this study of five aged bears (ursus, 20-30 years of age), we identified ...	1988	3171607
subclinical lumbar polyradiculopathy in aged domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species--a light and selected electron microscopic study.	lumbar polyradiculopathy, characterized by ballooning myelin sheaths and axonal distortion, was documented in multiple, aged, domestic, laboratory, and exotic mammalian species. animals studied that exhibited this nerve rootlet change included the goat, sheep, pig, white-tailed deer, gerbil, vole, ferret, beaver, hedgehog, chinchilla, north chinese leopard, lion, cheetah, mountain lion, llama, east african eland, uganda giraffe, polar bear, and drill. ultrastructurally, lumbar nerve rootlets fro ...	1989	2766747
acute gastric dilatation and volvulus in a free-living polar bear.	a large, adult male polar bear (ursus maritimus) was found dead on a barrier island north of prudhoe bay, alaska (usa), in june 1987. there were no external signs of trauma. a twisted distended stomach, distinctive parenchymal and fascial congestion, and significant difficulty in repositioning the anterior abdominal organs, indicated that gastric dilatation-volvulus (gdv) was the proximate cause of death. polar bears frequently consume large quantities of food at one time and have large stomachs ...	1989	2810562
immobilization of polar bears (ursus maritimus) with telazol in the canadian arctic.	in 1986, 213 polar bears (ursus maritimus) were immobilized with telazol on the sea ice of the eastern beaufort sea during april and may, and 106 along the western coast of hudson bay near churchill, manitoba (canada) in september. no animals died from handling. the efficacy of this drug at different seasons and the physiological responses of the immobilized bears were compared. a single injection of 8 to 9 mg of telazol per kg of body weight gave a rapid full immobilization with satisfactory an ...	1989	2716095
molecular genetic-distance estimates among the ursidae as indicated by one- and two-dimensional protein electrophoresis.	evolutionary relationships among eight species of ursidae (including the giant panda) relative to two procyonidae species (raccoon and red panda) were estimated based on the extent of electrophoretic variation of 289 radiolabelled fibroblast proteins resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and among 44 isozyme loci resolved by one-dimensional electrophoresis. allelic differences among these species were converted to genetic distances, and phenetic trees were constructed. in addition, the ...	1989	28568545
ethylene glycol (antifreeze) poisoning in a free-ranging polar bear.	the bright, fluorescent pink-colored remains of a polar bear were found on an alaskan island with the gravel and snow adjacent to the bear colored bright purple. traces of fox urine and feces found nearby were also pink. the pink and purple colors were due to rhodamine b, and ethylene glycol (eg) was present in the soil under the carcass. evidence is given to suggest the bear consumed a mixture of rhodamine b and eg commonly used to mark roads and runways during snow and ice periods. such wildli ...	1989	2815544
myofibre changes and capsule formation in mice infected with different strains of trichinella.	mice were infected with 4 strains of trichinella with the purpose of describing muscle changes (m. gastrocnemius, diaphragma) by light and electron microscopy, paying particular attention to capsule formation in a polar bear isolate (t. no. 13). no differences in myofibre changes or capsule formation were observed between the different strains by light microscopy at 21 and 60 days post infection. ultrastructural studies of meat samples 60 day post infection with t. no. 13 revealed active capsule ...	1989	2629510
organic mercury in greenland birds and mammals.	muscle, liver and kidney samples of 20 species of birds, seals, whales and polar bear were analyzed for total and organic mercury. organic mercury concentrations varied considerably between individuals. a general tendency towards age accumulation was found, together with log-linear correlations between organic mercury concentrations in the three tissues. the major part of the muscle mercury was organic (maximum concentration found was 1235 micrograms kg-1 wet wt). this also applied to liver of b ...	1990	2402624
pediatric pain and polar bears.		1990	2364336
northwest territories. rabies in a polar bear.		1990	17423612
the future of dna-dna hybridization studies.	this article draws on many vertebrate examples to assess the future of dna-dna hybridization studies. i first discuss whether applications of the method have reached the point of diminishing returns, or rather the start of a great leap forward, in our evolutionary understanding. vertebrate groups whose relationships are especially likely to be illuminated include parrots, pigeons, bats, pinnipeds, mammalian carnivores, frogs, and rodents. there are at least two reasons why classifications based ...	1990	2109084
is the polar bear (ursus maritimus) a hibernator? continued studies on opioids and hibernation.	polar bear behavior and biochemistry suggest they may have the ability to hibernate year-round, even though this species is not considered to be a true hibernator. this observation, plus the discovery of a hibernation-induction trigger (hit) in the blood of black bears, prompted the examination of polar bear blood collected throughout the year for evidence of hit, and to determine if it displayed opioid activity, as black bear blood does. a bioassay was conducted by injecting summer 13-lined gro ...	1990	2339159
characterization of a trichinella isolate from polar bear.	an isolate of trichinella of polar bear origin was studied by isoenzymatic typing. it was found referable to trichinella nativa. while the wistar rats proved nearly refractory to this isolate, the swiss albino mice were highly susceptible. ninety-one per cent of the cystic lesions in the diaphragm of the polar bear contained viable larvae after over 20 years of acquisition of the infection by the host which is a case of extreme adaptability of the parasite to its host. the anatomo-pathological a ...	1990	2222005
polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in marine mammals in the canadian north.	polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (pcdds) and dibenzofurans (pcdfs) were determined in pooled samples of ringed seal (phoca hispida) blubber, beluga (delphinapterus leucas) blubber and polar bear (ursus maritimus) liver and fat from several areas throughout the canadian north and compared to mean pcb and hcb levels in the same samples. all seal samples, and all but one polar bear sample, had detectable 2,3,7,8-tcdd at concentrations ranging from 2 to 37 ng/kg, but tcdd was not found in beluga bl ...	1990	15092247
present status of trichinellosis in japan.	there have been three mass outbreaks of human trichinellosis in japan. the first was in 1974 in iwasaki, aomori prefecture, involving a group of hunters who ate raw meat of a black bear they had shot. of the 20 people who ate the bear meat raw, 15 showed clinical symptoms of trichinellosis. the second outbreak was experienced in sapporo, hokkaido, in 1980. the patients had eaten the raw meat of a brown bear served in a local restaurant. twelve people were diagnosed positive on the basis of clini ...	1991	1822910
observation of a polar bear with rabies.	on 1 november 1989 the first confirmed case of rabies in a polar bear (ursus maritimus) was encountered by inuit hunters in the vicinity of cape kendall, southampton island, northwest territories (canada). the adult male polar bear had posterior paralysis. rabies was detected by mouse inoculation and a positive immunoperoxidase reaction on spinal cord and gasserian ganglion from the bear. histologic lesions in the lumbar region of the spinal cord were consistent with the posterior paralysis. the ...	1991	2067058
[experiences with ivermectin in exotic animals: scabies in camelids (camelus bactrianus, lama guanicoe, l. glama) and scabies and roundworms in bears (thalarctos maritimus and ursus arctos)].	for the control of scabies in tylopodes (l. bactrianus, l. guanicoe, l. glama) and brown bears 0.2 mg/kg body weight (1 ml/50 kg body weight) of ivermectin subcutaneously injected proved to be remedy of choice. in kodiak-bears the oral application of ivomec-solution was effective against ascariasis, not, however, in polar bears. sufficient effect was reached only once, whereas equalan-paste proved to be highly effective. despite of strong hygienic measures continous follow-up treatment for the p ...	1991	2025214
energetic output of subadult polar bears (ursus maritimus): resting, disturbance and locomotion.	1. indirect calorimetry was used to determine metabolic rates in subadult polar bears at rest after human-controlled disturbance and at four rates of locomotion. 2. disturbance factors that do not result in locomotion would only have a significant effect on energy expenditure if they occurred over an extended period of time. 3. human disturbance resulting in locomotion would have a relatively high energetic cost to individual animals. 4. polar bears may require a relatively high energetic output ...	1991	1673885
conservation of the sequence of the alzheimer's disease amyloid peptide in dog, polar bear and five other mammals by cross-species polymerase chain reaction analysis.	neuritic plaque and cerebrovascular amyloid deposits have been detected in the aged monkey, dog, and polar bear and have rarely been found in aged rodents (biochem. biophy. res. commun., 12 (1984) 885-890; proc. natl. acad. sci. u.s.a., 82 (1985) 4245-4249). to determine if the primary structure of the 42-43 residue amyloid peptide is conserved in species that accumulate plaques, the region of the amyloid precursor protein (app) cdna that encodes the peptide region was amplified by the polymeras ...	1991	1656157
[the occurrence of tumors in large bears (ursidae)--a literature review and six case descriptions].	histological findings on two malayan sun bears and four sloth bears show that malignant neoplasms play an important role in tropic bears. further, most of the tumors originated from the hepatic and biliary tract. our results were compared with other investigations on zoo animals during the last 70 years revealing that malignant neoplasms are the most common ones in bears of the family ursidae. accordingly to our results, sloth and malayan sun bears seem to have a disposition to develop malignant ...	1991	1930110
polar bears make little use of terrestrial food webs: evidence from stable-carbon isotope analysis.	the mean stable-carbon isotope ratios (δ(13)c) for polar bear (ursus maritimus) tissues (bone collagen -15.7‰, muscle -17.7‰, fat -24.7‰) were close to those of the same tissues from ringed seals (phoca hispida) (-16.2‰, -18.1‰, and -26.1‰, respectively), which feed exclusively from the marine food chain. the δ(13)c values for 4 species of fruits to which polar bears have access when on land in summer ranged from -27.8 to -26.2‰, typical of terrestrial plants in the arctic. an animal's δ(13)c si ...	1991	28313343
geographical distribution of metals in livers of polar bears from the northwest territories, canada.	levels of ag, ca, cd, cu, fe, hg, k, mg, mn, na, p, se and zn were determined in livers of polar bears collected in 1984 in six zones in the lancaster sound. baffin bay and hudson bay areas of the northwest territories of canada and compared with data collected in 1982 for the western part of the canadian arctic. only levels of cu, k and zn were found to have no statistically significant differences among zones. the lowest levels of ca, fe, mg, mn, na and p were found in the western arctic, but ...	1991	2063185
dispersion and transport paths of toxic persistent organochlorines to the arctic--levels and consequences.	most people still consider the arctic as one of the last non-polluted regions of the world. however, recent studies have shown that the levels of organochlorines such as chlorinated pesticides, dibenzofurans and dibenzo-p-dioxins are surprisingly high in biota such as seals and polar bears from the norwegian and canadian arctic. a short review is given of our knowledge concerning levels and sources as well as consequences of the presence of persistent toxic organochlorines in the arctic. long-ra ...	1991	1948014
[difficult artificial rearing of a polar bear as a result of the separation of the pelvic symphysis and an infection in the upper throat area].		1991	2015024
arctic marine ecosystem contamination.	the current state of knowledge of levels, spatial and temporal trends of contaminants in the arctic marine ecosystem varies greatly among pollutants and among environmental compartments. levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs), organochlorine (oc) pesticides and some heavy metals such as mercury and lead, in arctic marine mammals and fish are relatively well documented because of the need for comparisons with biota in more polluted environments and interest in the contamination of native diet ...	1992	1514106
suppression of guinea pig ileum induced contractility by plasma albumin of hibernators.	previous studies suggest that hibernation may be regulated by internal opioids and that the putative "hibernation induction trigger" (hit) may itself be an opioid. this study examined the effect of plasma albumin (known to bind hit) on induced contractility of the guinea pig ileum muscle strip. morphine (400 nm) depressed contractility and 100 nm naloxone restored it. ten milligrams of lyophilized plasma albumin fractions from hibernating ground squirrels, woodchucks, black bears, and polar bear ...	1992	1409805
arctic terrestrial ecosystem contamination.	limited data have been collected on the presence of contaminants in the arctic terrestrial ecosystem, with the exception of radioactive fallout from atmospheric weapons testing. although southern and temperate biological systems have largely cleansed themselves of radioactive fallout deposited during the 1950s and 1960s, arctic environments have not. lichens accumulate radioactivity more than many other plants because of their large surface area and long life span; the presence and persistence o ...	1992	1355310
the occurrence of rabies in the svalbard islands of norway.	after the first recorded outbreak of rabies in the svalbard islands (norway) in 1980, brain tissue from 817 trapped arctic foxes (alopex lagopus) was tested for rabies by a direct fluorescent antibody test. during the same period (1980 to 1990), 29 arctic foxes, 23 polar bears (ursus maritimus), 19 reindeer (rangifer tarandus) and five ringed seals (phoca hispida) were also tested using the same technique. these animals had either been found dead, killed because of abnormal behavior or were appa ...	1992	1548803
some heavy metals, essential elements, and chlorinated hydrocarbons in polar bear (ursus maritimus) at svalbard.	during the period 1978-1989, samples of liver, kidney and subcutaneous fat from 24 polar bears, ursus maritimus, from svalbard were analysed for mercury, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, selenium, arsenic, hcb, dde, pcbs (as aroclor 1260 or phenoclor dp6). in a selected number of liver (seven) and fat (three) samples, the composition of individual pcb congeners was studied by comparison with 23 individual pcb congeners (iupac nos 28, 52, 74, 101, 99, 110, 149, 118, 114, 105, 153, 141, 138, 187, 128, ...	1992	15091977
inuit exposure to organochlorines through the aquatic food chain in arctic québec.	inuit people (eskimos) are likely exposed to persistent organochlorine compounds because their traditional diet includes fatty tissues of the arctic marine biota. here we present the results of organochlorine compound analysis in milk fat samples from arctic québec inuit women and in fat tissues from various animal species inhabiting that region. the total concentration of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in inuit milk fat was similar to that of the beluga, while the profile of the 10 congener ...	1993	8143594
ursodeoxycholic acid in the ursidae: biliary bile acids of bears, pandas, and related carnivores.	the biliary bile acid composition of gallbladder bile obtained from six species of bears (ursidae), the giant panda, the red panda, and 11 related carnivores were determined by reversed phase liquid chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. bile acids were conjugated solely with taurine (in n-acyl linkage) in all species. ursodeoxycholic acid (3 alpha, 7 beta-dihydroxy-5 beta-cholan-24-oic acid) was present in all ursidae, averaging 1-39% of biliary bile acids depending on the spe ...	1993	8263415