Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| comparative virulence of beauveria bassiana isolates against lepidopteran pests of vegetable crops. | forty-three isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana were screened for virulence against second-instar larvae of diamondback moth (plutella xylostella) (dbm), european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) (ecb), corn earworm (helicoverpa zea) (cew), and fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) (faw); 30 of these isolates were tested against beet armyworm (spodoptera exigua) (baw). highly virulent isolates were also tested against black cutworm (agrotis ipsilon) (bcw), and the most viru ... | 2010 | 20060396 |
| qtl mapping for mediterranean corn borer resistance in european flint germplasm using recombinant inbred lines. | ostrinia nubilalis (ecb) and sesamia nonagrioides (mcb) are two maize stem borers which cause important losses in temperate maize production, but qtl analyses for corn borer resistance were mostly restricted to ecb resistance and maize materials genetically related (mapping populations derived from b73). therefore, the objective of this work was to identify and characterize qtls for mcb resistance and agronomic traits in a rils population derived from european flint inbreds. | 2010 | 20230603 |
| timing clorpirifos + cypermethrin and indoxacarb applications to control european corn borer damage and fumonisin contamination in maize kernels. | european corn borer (ecb) is the main maize pest in central and southern europe and it promotes the infection of maize with fusarium verticillioides, which is able to produce fumonisins. field experiments were performed from 2006 to 2007 in northwestern italy to determine the effects of the timing of insecticide applications on maize fungal ear rot and fumonisin contamination in natural infection conditions. four application timings and two insecticides (clorpirifos + cypermethrin and indoxacarb ... | 2010 | 20355075 |
| homology of olfactory receptor neuron response characteristics inferred from hybrids between asian and european corn borer moths (lepidoptera: crambidae). | first generation hybrid males from crosses between the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis, and the "univoltine z-strain" european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, were examined with respect to behavioral and physiological responses to acb and ecb pheromones. the hybrid males often flew to the pheromone of ecb z-strain, but very rarely to the acb pheromone. we mapped the tuning profiles of each orn of the f(1) hybrids with respect to the relevant pheromone components and a common be ... | 2010 | 19778540 |
| measurements of cry1f binding and activity of luminal gut proteases in susceptible and cry1f resistant ostrinia nubilalis larvae (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the biochemical mechanism of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis cry1f toxin was studied in a laboratory-selected strain of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) showing more than 3000-fold resistance to cry1f and limited cross resistance to other cry toxins. analyses of cry1f binding to brush border membrane vesicles of midgut epithelia from susceptible and resistant larvae using ligand immunoblotting and surface plasmon resonance (spr) suggested that reduced binding of cry1 ... | 2010 | 19766122 |
| journey in the ostrinia world: from pest to model in chemical ecology. | the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (ecb; lepidoptera: crambidae) is a widely recognized pest of agricultural significance over much of the northern hemisphere. because of the potential value of pheromone-based control, there has been considerable effort devoted to elucidation of the ecb chemical ecology. the species is polymorphic regarding its female-produced pheromone. partly because of this feature, over the years the ecb has become a model to study pheromone evolution. this review sh ... | 2010 | 20835755 |
| components of reproductive isolation between north american pheromone strains of the european corn borer. | of 12 potential reproductive isolating barriers between closely related z- and e-pheromone strains of the european corn borer moth (ostrinia nubilalis), seven significantly reduced gene flow but none were complete, suggesting that speciation in this lineage is a gradual process in which multiple barriers of intermediate strength accumulate. estimation of the cumulative effect of all barriers resulted in nearly complete isolation (>99%), but geographic variation in seasonal isolation allowed as m ... | 2010 | 19895559 |
| areawide suppression of european corn borer with bt maize reaps savings to non-bt maize growers. | transgenic maize engineered to express insecticidal proteins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) has become widely adopted in u.s. agriculture. in 2009, bt maize was planted on more than 22.2 million hectares, constituting 63% of the u.s. crop. using statistical analysis of per capita growth rate estimates, we found that areawide suppression of the primary pest ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer) is associated with bt maize use. cumulative benefits over 14 years are an estimated ... | 2010 | 20929774 |
| variation in courtship ultrasounds of three ostrinia moths with different sex pheromones. | moths use ultrasounds as well as pheromones for sexual communication. in closely related moth species, variations in ultrasounds and pheromones are likely to profoundly affect mate recognition, reproductive isolation, and speciation. the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, and its asian congeners, ostrinia furnacalis and ostrinia scapulalis, exhibit within-species and between-species variation in their pheromone communication. recently, we reported ultrasound communication in o. furnacalis; ... | 2010 | 20957230 |
| a mathematical model of exposure of non-target lepidoptera to bt-maize pollen expressing cry1ab within europe. | genetically modified (gm) maize mon810 expresses a cry1ab insecticidal protein, derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt), toxic to lepidopteran target pests such as ostrinia nubilalis. an environmental risk to non-target lepidoptera from this gm crop is exposure to harmful amounts of bt-containing pollen deposited on host plants in or near mon810 fields. an 11-parameter mathematical model analysed exposure of larvae of three non-target species: the butterflies inachis io (l.), vanessa atalanta ( ... | 2010 | 20053648 |
| fitness costs of cry1ab resistance in a field-derived strain of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the study of fitness costs associated with resistance to toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) in ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) is important for understanding resistance evolution and for evaluating resistance management practices that prevent or mitigate resistance to transgenic corn, zea mays l. resistant individuals identified from a field collection in kandiyohi, mn, were used to generate a cry1ab-resistant strain. we used susceptible and resistant strains w ... | 2010 | 20857752 |
| european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) infestation level and plant growth stage on whole-plant corn yield grown for silage in virginia. | field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of different levels of hand-infested third instar european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hiibner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), on whole-plant yield and plant growth stage in corn, zea mays l., grown for silage. in 2004 and 2005, european corn borer infestation level had a significant negative impact on whole-plant yield (grams of dry matter per plant) with increasing infestation; however, whole-plant yield was not significa ... | 2009 | 20069843 |
| bacillus thuringiensis resistance influences european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) larval behavior after exposure to cry1ab. | the behavior of pests targeted by bacillus thuringiensis (bt) crops has been recognized as an important factor to define resistance management plans. however, most data do not include the possible impact resistance may have on the behavior of pests. to examine whether resistance influences behavior of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), neonates after exposure to dietary bt, the responses of cry1ab-resistant, -susceptible, and hybrid (f1) lines from two pop ... | 2009 | 19449661 |
| stability of cry1ab protein during long-term storage for standardization of insect bioassays. | the reliable use of purified cry1ab protein standards is a prerequisite for ecological studies and resistance monitoring programs of cry1ab-expressing transgenic corn. in this study the stability and activity of different cry1ab protein batches expressed in and purified from escherichia coli were determined during two-year storage at different temperature conditions (4 degrees c, -20 degrees c, and -80 degrees c). sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed degradation of the protein stored at ... | 2009 | 19833078 |
| pulsed odors from maize or spinach elicit orientation in european corn borer neonate larvae. | lepidoptera larvae are capable of orienting towards or away from plants by using odors as cues but whether this attraction is innate or secondarily acquired remains unknown. we tested the hypothesis that european corn borer (ecb) neonate larvae express an innate attraction towards odors released from maize, and avoidance towards odors from spinach. neonate larvae were placed on a locomotion compensator within a constant stream of humidified air that was loaded intermittently with airborne odors ... | 2009 | 19787404 |
| hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one: key defense chemicals of cereals. | many cereals accumulate hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one. these benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids are involved in defense of maize against various lepidopteran pests, most notably the european corn borer, in defense of cereals against various aphid species, and in allelopathy affecting the growth of weeds associated with rye and wheat crops. the role of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids in defense against fungal infection is less clear and seems to depend on the natu ... | 2009 | 19199602 |
| integrating chemical and biological control of european corn borer in bell pepper. | using multiple locations and a series of field trials over 2 yr, we evaluated an integrated pest management program for ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) management in peppers involving biorational chemistries, inundative releases of trichogramma ostriniae (pang & chen), and conservation of generalist predators. in small plot trials, three biorational insecticides (spinosad, indoxacarb, and methoxyfenozide) provided comparable control of o. nubilalis as two broad-spectrum conv ... | 2009 | 19253647 |
| development and biological activity of a new antagonist of the pheromone of the codling moth cydia pomonella. | a new pheromone antagonist of the codling moth cydia pomonella is reported. presaturation of the antennae of the insects with vapors of the antagonist (e,e)-8,10-dodecadienyl trifluoromethyl ketone, analogue of the main component of the pheromone (codlemone), resulted in lower electrophysiological responses to the pheromone relative to untreated insects. in the wind tunnel, the compound elicited a remarkable disruptive effect on all types of behavior of males flying toward a source baited with a ... | 2009 | 19702270 |
| mapping of qtl for resistance to the mediterranean corn borer attack using the intermated b73 x mo17 (ibm) population of maize. | the mediterranean corn borer or pink stem borer (mcb, sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre) causes important yield losses as a consequence of stalk tunneling and direct kernel damage. b73 and mo17 are the source of the most commercial valuable maize inbred lines in temperate zones, while the intermated b73 x mo17 (ibm) population is an invaluable source for qtl identification. however, no or few experiments have been carried out to detect qtl for corn borer resistance in the b73 x mo17 population. the ... | 2009 | 19756472 |
| european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) stalk tunneling on root-knot nematode (tylenchida: heteroderidae) fitness on corn. | greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2004-2006 to examine the reciprocal effects of aboveground herbivory by european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), and belowground herbivory by root-knot nematode, meloidogyne incognita chitwood (tylenchida: heteroderidae), on one another at three corn, zea mays l., growth stages. two experiments were conducted to study the effect of aboveground herbivory by o. nubilalis on the number of m. incognita juvenile penetration/ro ... | 2009 | 19449640 |
| technique to assess effectiveness of control tactics against ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in whorl-stage corn. | ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) is one of the most damaging insect pests of corn. studies were conducted to determine whether live larval counts obtained from corn whorls were predictive of the amount of larval tunneling that would result in the stalk of the plant 40 d later at the end of larval development. whorls from plants treated with dipel 10g (6,400 iu per whorl) and untreated controls, both infested with o. nubilalis neonates, were evaluated for the number of live la ... | 2009 | 19449642 |
| on-plant survival and inheritance of resistance to cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis in a field-derived strain of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | the high dose plus refuge is one of the major components of the resistance management plan mandated for transgenic corn expressing cry toxins from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) that targets the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). this strategy was based on assumptions such as functional recessive inheritance, which has not been previously tested for o. nubilalis. the authors used a field-derived resistant strain of o. nubilalis to define the nature o ... | 2009 | 19484699 |
| ionizing radiation as a phytosanitary treatment against european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in ambient, low oxygen, and cold conditions. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a quarantine pest for several fresh commodities, including corn-on-the-cob, bell peppers, and green beans. methyl bromide fumigation is the usual phytosanitary treatment, but the fumigant is under increasing regulation as a stratospheric ozone-depleting substance. ionizing radiation is a relatively new commercial alternative that is currently used in several countries. the present research explored radiation doses ... | 2009 | 19253619 |
| concerted evolution of male and female display traits in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | sexual reproduction entails the encounter of the sexes and the multiplicity of rituals is parallel to the diversity of mating systems. evolutionary mechanisms such as sexual selection and sexual conflict have led to the elaboration of traits to gain attention and favours from potential partners. a paradox exists about how coordinated systems can evolve and diverge when there would seem to be a stabilising selection acting. moth display traits - pheromones - constitute an advantageous model with ... | 2009 | 19257880 |
| management of fumonisin contamination in maize kernels through the timing of insecticide application against the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis hübner. | the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, is the principal pest of maize in central and south europe. it is known to promote fusarium verticillioides infection in maize grain, a recognized producer of fumonisins. field experiments were performed in 2006 and 2007 in two sites in nw italy to determine the effects of the timing of insecticide application on ecb damage, fungal ear rot and fumonisin contamination under natural conditions. different insecticide application timings were compar ... | 2009 | 19693720 |
| variability in the cadherin gene in an ostrinia nubilalis strain selected for cry1ab resistance. | transgenic corn expressing cry1ab (a bacillus thuringiensis toxin) is highly effective in the control of ostrinia nubilalis. for its toxic action, cry1ab has to bind to specific insect midgut proteins. to date, in three lepidoptera species resistance to a cry1a toxin has been conferred by mutations in cadherin, a protein of the lepidoptera midgut membrane. the implication of cadherin in the resistance of an ostrinia nubilalis colony (europe-r) selected with bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin ... | 2009 | 19114103 |
| toxicity and disruption of midgut physiology in larvae of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, by anion transporter blockers. | in this study, four blockers of anion transporters (ats) belonging to four different classes of organic acids, including dids (4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'- disulfonic acid; a stilbene disulfonic acid), nppb [(5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid; an anthranilic acid)], 9-ac (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid; an aromatic carboxylic acid), and iaa-94 (indanyloxy acetic acid; an indanyloxy alkanoic acid), were tested for their toxicity against the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nu ... | 2009 | 19140151 |
| impact of bt-corn mon88017 in comparison to three conventional lines on trigonotylus caelestialium (kirkaldy) (heteroptera: miridae) field densities. | in europe, bt-corn resistant against the european corn borer has until now been the only genetically modified plant to be grown commercially. with the advent of the western corn rootworm bt-corn varieties with resistance against coleoptera will become important. the cultivation of bt-plants may have negative impacts on non-target organisms, i.e. all species not explicitly targeted by a given bt-crop. one prominent non-target group in corn are the herbivorous plant bugs (heteroptera: miridae). th ... | 2009 | 18668336 |
| field trials to evaluate effects of bt-transgenic silage corn expressing the cry1ab insecticidal toxin on non-target soil arthropods in northern new england, usa. | traditionally, control of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) hübner has been achieved through the use of chemical insecticides. with increasing emphasis on reducing pesticide inputs in agricultural production, alternative management technologies are now being used including transgenic silage corn modified to express cry1ab protein toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner. the cry1ab toxin is expressed by all plant cells and throughout the growing season. furthermore, the to ... | 2009 | 19083116 |
| expressed sequence tags from larval gut of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis): exploring candidate genes potentially involved in bacillus thuringiensis toxicity and resistance. | lepidoptera represents more than 160,000 insect species which include some of the most devastating pests of crops, forests, and stored products. however, the genomic information on lepidopteran insects is very limited. only a few studies have focused on developing expressed sequence tag (est) libraries from the guts of lepidopteran larvae. knowledge of the genes that are expressed in the insect gut are crucial for understanding basic physiology of food digestion, their interactions with bacillus ... | 2009 | 19558725 |
| repetitive genome elements in a european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, bacterial artificial chromosome library were indicated by bacterial artificial chromosome end sequencing and development of sequence tag site markers: implications for lepidopteran genomic research. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a serious pest of food, fiber, and biofuel crops in europe, north america, and asia and a model system for insect olfaction and speciation. a bacterial artificial chromosome library constructed for o. nubilalis contains 36 864 clones with an estimated average insert size of >or=120 kb and genome coverage of 8.8-fold. screening onb1 clones comprising approximately 2.76 genome equivalents determined the physical position of 24 sequence tag site marke ... | 2009 | 19132072 |
| dispersal of trichogramma ostriniae (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) in potato fields. | the dispersal ability of trichogramma ostriniae pang and chen, a biological control agent of ostrinia nubilalis hübner, was studied in commercial potato fields on the eastern shore of virginia. the purpose was to quantify dispersal of t. ostriniae after an inundative release to aid in determining the number of release points needed per unit area for effective biological control of o. nubilalis in solanaceous crops. a single release of approximately 0.5 million wasps was made in two spatially sep ... | 2009 | 19508776 |
| spatial and temporal genetic analyses show high gene flow among european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) populations across the central u.s. corn belt. | european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), adults were sampled at 13 sites along two perpendicular 720-km transects intersecting in central iowa and for the following two generations at four of the same sites separated by 240 km in the cardinal directions. more than 50 moths from each sample location and time were genotyped at eight microsatellite loci. spatial analyses indicated that there is no spatial genetic structuring between european corn borer populations sampled 720 km apart at t ... | 2009 | 19689914 |
| genetic variability of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, suggests gene flow between populations in the midwestern united states. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a widely distributed and serious economic pest to corn production in the u.s. genetic variability of o. nubilalis was studied in 18 sub-populations in the upper midwestern united states using amplified fragment length polymorphism. the relatively low gst values indicate that more variation exists within populations than between populations. high gene flow (nm) values were indicated across the entire o. nubilalis po ... | 2008 | 20307230 |
| permanent genetic resources: isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (insecta: lepidoptera: crambidae). | few useful microsatellites are available for population studies of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). an enrichment strategy was used to develop microsatellite markers for o. nubilalis, and over 500 positive clones were isolated. seventy-five contained unique microsatellites, 10 of which were polymorphic with discernable polymerase chain reaction products. the 10 loci were surveyed for variability in 72 wild individuals from central iowa. five loci showed no deviation from har ... | 2008 | 21585805 |
| inheritance of cry1f resistance in laboratory-selected european corn borer and its survival on transgenic corn expressing the cry1f toxin. | a major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management strategies for transgenic crop plants that express toxins from bacillus thuringiensis is that resistance traits that evolve in pest species will be recessive. the inheritance of cry1f resistance and larval survival on commercially available cry1f corn hybrids were determined in a laboratory-selected strain of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), displaying more than 3000-fold resistance to ... | 2008 | 18631419 |
| evidence for obligate migratory flight behavior in young european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) females. | european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, flight behavior was examined in laboratory experiments. adults were each tethered to 1 of 16 round-about flight mills in an environmental chamber, and the data were relayed to a computer. parameters analyzed included duration, distance, and speed of the longest continuous flight and total flight time during an 8-h night. comparisons were made between unmated and mated adults of both sexes at different ages up to 5 d after emergence. for unmated females, d ... | 2008 | 19036208 |
| comparison and validation of methods to quantify cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis for standardization of insect bioassays. | standardization of toxin preparations derived from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) used in laboratory bioassays is critical for accurately assessing possible changes in the susceptibility of field populations of target pests. different methods were evaluated to quantify cry1ab, the toxin expressed by 80% of the commercially available transgenic maize that targets the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). we compared three methods of quantification on three different toxin preparati ... | 2008 | 17981939 |
| patch edges and insect populations. | responses of insect populations may be related to patch size and patch edge responses, but it is not clear how to identify these rapidly. we used a random-walk model to identify three qualitative responses to edges: no edge effect (the null model), reflecting edges and absorbing edges. interestingly, no edge effect meant that abundance was lower at edges than in the center of patches, and reflecting edges have similar abundance at edges and centers. we then characterized several insect species' ... | 2008 | 18157553 |
| use of spectral vegetation indices derived from airborne hyperspectral imagery for detection of european corn borer infestation in iowa corn plots. | eleven spectral vegetation indices that emphasize foliar plant pigments were calculated using airborne hyperspectral imagery and evaluated in 2004 and 2005 for their ability to detect experimental plots of corn manually inoculated with ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) neonate larvae. manual inoculations were timed to simulate infestation of corn, zea mays l., by first and second flights of adult o. nubilalis. the ability of spectral vegetation indices to detect o. nubilalis-inoculated plots improved ... | 2008 | 18950044 |
| frequency and severity of western bean cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ear damage in transgenic corn hybrids expressing different bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. | the frequency and severity of corn ear damage caused by western bean cutworm, striacosta albicosta (smith), were measured on transgenic corn, zea mays l., hybrids expressing two different insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) (berliner) cry toxins (bt) selected to protect against damage caused by larval european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). a field cage experiment deliberately infested with western bean cutworm egg masses resulted in less damage in the hybrid expressing the cry1f ... | 2008 | 18459424 |
| landscape refuges delay resistance of the european corn borer to bt-maize: a demo-genetic dynamic model. | we constructed a reaction-diffusion model of the development of resistance to transgenic insecticidal bt crops in pest populations. kostitzin's demo-genetic model describes local interactions between three competing pest genotypes with alleles conferring resistance or susceptibility to transgenic plants, the spatial spread of insects being modelled by diffusion. this new approach makes it possible to combine a spatial demographic model of population dynamics with classical genetic theory. we use ... | 2008 | 18572213 |
| differences in oviposition behaviour of two sympatric sibling species of the genus ostrinia. | changes in host preferences are thought to be a major source of genetic divergence between phytophagous insect taxa. in western europe, two sympatric taxa, o. nubilalis (the european corn borer) and o. scapulalis, feed mainly on maize and hop or mugwort, respectively. these two species may have diverged without geographic isolation after a host shift of ancestral populations onto maize or another cultivated species (e.g. sorghum). a previous study using inbred laboratory strains revealed that th ... | 2008 | 18257953 |
| microbial populations and enzyme activities in soil in situ under transgenic corn expressing cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. | transgenic bt crops produce insecticidal cry proteins that are released to soil in plant residues, root exudates, and pollen and that may affect soil microorganisms. as a continuation of studies in the laboratory and a plant-growth room, a field study was conducted at the rosemount experiment station of the university of minnesota. three bt corn varieties that express the cry1ab protein, which is toxic to the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis hübner), and one bt corn variety that expresses ... | 2008 | 18396552 |
| olfactory neuron responsiveness and pheromone blend preference in hybrids between ostrinia furnacalis and ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the olfactory receptor neuron (orn) and behavioral responses of hybrids between the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis, and the e-strain european corn borer (ecb(e)), ostrinia nubilalis were examined and compared to the parental populations. in hybrids and both parents, the large-spike-size orn was capable of responding to all four pheromone components of acb and ecb, despite differences in which compounds elicited the greatest spike frequency in each population. there was a small-spiki ... | 2008 | 18634788 |
| evaluating popcorn as a potential refuge of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | popcorn was evaluated in a series of experiments conducted over four growing seasons for its potential as a refuge for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). objectives of these studies were to determine whether more larvae were produced in popcorn than in field corn and to determine how popcorn influenced female oviposition and larval distribution in neighboring field corn. two varieties of popcorn (m140, 105d and m3374y, 118d), one mixture of popcorn (50% 105d and 50% 118d), and fie ... | 2008 | 18419936 |
| composition of forage and grain from second-generation insect-protected corn mon 89034 is equivalent to that of conventional corn (zea mays l.). | insect-protected corn hybrids containing cry insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis have protection from target pests and provide effective management of insect resistance. mon 89034 hybrids have been developed that produce both the cry1a.105 and cry2ab2 proteins, which provide two independent modes of insecticidal action against the european corn borer ( ostrinia nubilalis ) and other lepidopteran insect pests of corn. the composition of mon 89034 corn was compared to convent ... | 2008 | 18489113 |
| impact of insecticide treatments on ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and their influence on the mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels. | european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is the main maize pest in central and southern europe and promotes the infection of maize with fusarium spp., which produce mycotoxins. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of insecticide treatments on ecb damage, fusarium infection and mycotoxin contamination. the field experiments were performed from 2000 to 2006 in three locations in north-western italy. at harvest, ears were rated for the incidence and severity of ecb ... | 2008 | 18537120 |
| reversed functional topology in the antennal lobe of the male european corn borer. | the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) is a model of evolution of sexual communication in insects. two pheromone strains produce and respond to opposite ratios of the two pheromone components, z11 and e11-tetradecenylacetate. the z-strain uses a ratio of 97:3 of z11:e11 tetradecenylacetate, whereas the e-strain uses a ratio of 1:99. we studied how the difference in male preference correlates with differences in wiring of olfactory input and output neurons in the antennal lobe (al). ... | 2008 | 18723543 |
| mining an ostrinia nubilalis midgut expressed sequence tag (est) library for candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). | genes expressed in lepidopteran midgut tissues are involved in digestion and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin resistance traits. five hundred and thirty five unique transcripts were annotated from 1745 high quality o. nubilalis larval midgut expressed sequence tags (ests). full-length cdna sequence of 12 putative serine proteinase genes and 3 partial o. nubilalis aminopeptidase n protein genes, apn1, apn3, and apn4, were obtained, and genes may have roles in plant feeding and bt toxin resistanc ... | 2008 | 19133073 |
| antioxidant defense in mitochondria during diapause and postdiapause development of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn.). | antioxidant enzymes (cat, catalase; gpx, selenium nondependent glutathione peroxidase; gst, glutathione-s-transferase; gr, glutathione reductase; dhar, dehydroascorbate reductase) were determined in the mitochondria of diapausing and non-diapausing larvae and pupae of both diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn., lepidoptera: pyralidae). cat, gst, and dhar activity in mitochondria of diapausing larvae were reduced compared to non-diapausing larv ... | 2007 | 17294423 |
| support for (z)-11-hexadecanal as a pheromone antagonist in ostrinia nubilalis: flight tunnel and single sensillum studies with a new york population. | the flight-tunnel response of male z-strain european corn borer moths (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, from a population in new york state (usa), was significantly antagonized by addition of 1% (z)-11-hexadecanal (z11-16:ald) to their sex pheromone (a 97:3 mix of (z)- and (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate [z/e11-14:oac]). the level of antagonism was equivalent to that observed for the previously identified ecb antagonist, (z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (z9-14:oac), and supports a recent report showing that z11- ... | 2007 | 17393282 |
| leucine transport is affected by bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in brush border membrane vesicles from ostrinia nubilalis hb (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre (lepidoptera: noctuidae) midgut. | the pore-forming activity of cry1ab, cry1fa and cry1ca toxins and their interaction with leucine transport mediated by the k(+)/leucine cotransporter were studied in brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) isolated from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis and sesamia nonagrioides. in both species, as in other lepidoptera, leucine uptake by bbmvs can take place in the absence of cations, but it can also be driven by a k(+) gradient. experiments with the voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye 3,3'-diethylt ... | 2007 | 17558532 |
| molecular differentiation at nuclear loci in french host races of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). | french populations of the european corn borer consist of two sympatric and genetically differentiated host races. as such, they are well suited to study processes that could be involved in sympatric speciation, but the initial conditions of host-race divergence need to be elucidated. gene genealogies can provide insight into the processes involved in speciation. we used dna sequences of four nuclear genes to (1) document the genetic structure of the two french host races previously delineated wi ... | 2007 | 17603115 |
| altered olfactory receptor neuron responsiveness in rare ostrinia nubilalis males attracted to the o. furnacalis pheromone blend. | three percent of e-strain ostrinia nubilalis males fly upwind in response to the ostrinia furnacalis pheromone blend [a 40:60 ratio of (e)-12-tetradecenyl acetate to (z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (e12-14:oac to z12-14:oac)], in addition to their own pheromone blend [a 99:1 ratio of (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate to (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate) (e11-14:oac to z11-14:oac)]. we assessed the olfactory receptor neuron (orn) responses of these behaviorally "rare" males versus those of normal males. for the ... | 2007 | 17624366 |
| inhibition of pheromone response in sesamia nonagrioides by the pheromone of the sympatric corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | sesamia nonagrioides lef. and ostrinia nubilalis (hübn.) are two corn borers present in the mediterranean area that share a similar feeding habitat. the female sex pheromones of the two species consist of (z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (z)-11-hexadecenal and dodecyl acetate (77:8:10:5 w/w) and (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3 w/w) respectively. although the pheromones share no common components, previous work had shown the inhibition of the re ... | 2007 | 17487881 |
| corn borer (lepidoptera: noctuidae and crambidae) resistance of main races of maize from north america. | resistance to corn borers, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in maize, zea mays l., populations is partial, and more resistant populations are needed. the objective of this research was to compare resistance to corn borers of the main maize races from north america. twenty open-pollinated maize populations belonging to the races southern dent, corn belt dent, and northern flint, and three check populations, were eval ... | 2007 | 17370830 |
| development and characterization of a continuous cell line, afkm-on-h, from hemocytes of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a very important pest in different countries, and the in vitro system of the insect could be a useful tool for isolation and characterization of the pathogens and physiological responses of the insect. in this context, a cell line was derived from the hemocytes of the european corn borer and was named afkm-on-h for, respectively, o. nubilalis, armand frappier, king mongkut institutes, and hemocytes. this cell line was initiated and maintained in ex-cell 400 ... | 2007 | 17846857 |
| evidence of olfactory antagonistic imposition as a facilitator of evolutionary shifts in pheromone blend usage in ostrinia spp. (lepidoptera: crambidae). | olfactory receptor neuron (orn) response was measured to assess why some males ("rare males") of the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis, have a broad behavioral response to fly upwind to both the acb and the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, pheromone blends. we performed single-sensillum electrophysiological recordings on acb males that had been behaviorally assessed for upwind flight response to the acb blend [60:40 (z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (z12-14:oac) to (e)-12-tetra ... | 2007 | 17374381 |
| a beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase and brainiac/bre5 homolog expressed in the midgut did not contribute to a cry1ab toxin resistance trait in ostrinia nubilalis. | post-translational glycosylation of midgut epithelial protein and lipid receptors may be required prior to binding of activated bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. a 931bp cdna encoding a putative 297-residue beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3galt5) was cloned from larval ostrinia nubilalis midgut tissue, and showed homology to drosophila brainiac (brn) and caenorhabditis elegans bre5 proteins. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were detected in coding and promoter regions of o. nubil ... | 2007 | 17368198 |
| effect of age and mating status on adult european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) dispersal from small-grain aggregation plots. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is often controlled with genetically modified corn, zea mays l., hybrids (bacillus thuringiensis [bt] corn) in the united states. if bt-resistant insects are detected in the field, mitigation-remediation tactics must be implemented to sustain the efficacy of insecticidal, transgenic corn. mass releasing laboratory-reared, susceptible adults near aggregation sites to mate with locally emerging resistant adults is a pos ... | 2007 | 17849859 |
| sympatric host races of the european corn borer: adaptation to host plants and hybrid performance. | the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, is a major pest of maize crops. in europe, two sympatric host races are found: one feeds on maize (zea mays) and the other mainly on mugwort (artemisia vulgaris). the two host races are genetically differentiated, seldom crossing in the laboratory or in the field, and females preferentially lay eggs on their native host species. we conducted two independent experiments, in field and greenhouse conditions, to determine whether the two host races ... | 2007 | 17714289 |
| topical, residual and ovicidal contact toxicity of three reduced-risk insecticides against the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae), on potato. | the goal of the research was to gather efficacy data required to introduce reduced-risk insecticides in sustainable control programs for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hubner, on potato. | 2007 | 17890653 |
| f2 screen for resistance to a bacillus thuringiensis-maize hybrid in the sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | a novel f2 screening technique was developed for detecting resistance in sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-maize expressing the cry1ab insecticidal protein. the f2 screening method involved (i) collecting larvae from maize fields; (ii) establishing two-parent families; (iii) screening f2 neonates for survival on bt-maize leaf tissues; and (iv) confirming resistance on commercial bt-maize plants. with the f2 screening method, 213 iso-line famili ... | 2007 | 17916262 |
| regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in the "z strain" of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | the regulation of pheromone biosynthesis by the neuropeptide pban in the z strain of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, was investigated using labeled intermediates. injection of radiolabeled acetate showed pban did not influence the de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the gland. when deuterium-labeled myristic acid was topically applied to the gland, females injected with pban produced more labeled pheromone than did control females, indicating that pban controls one of the ... | 2007 | 17427934 |
| monitoring of european corn borer with pheromone-baited traps: review of trapping system basics and remaining problems. | since the identification of female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) pheromone, pheromone-baited traps have been regarded as a promising tool to monitor populations of this pest. this article reviews the literature produced on this topic since the 1970s. its aim is to provide extension entomologists and other researchers with all the necessary information to establish an efficient trapping procedure for this moth. the different pheromone races of the european corn borer are descri ... | 2007 | 18232396 |
| dipel-selected ostrinia nubilalis larvae are not resistant to transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab. | the survival of ks-sc dipel-resistant and -susceptible european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), was evaluated on different tissues from corn, zea mays l., hybrids, including a nontransgenic and two transgenic corn plants (events mon810 and bt11) expressing high doses of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ab. the survival of bt-resistant and -susceptible third instars was similar after a 5-d exposure to transgenic plant tissues. survivors eventually died when returned to bt corn tissues, bu ... | 2007 | 18232404 |
| foraging for intermittently refuged prey: theory and field observations of a parasitoid. | many insect herbivores feed in concealed locations but become accessible intermittently, creating windows of greater vulnerability to attack, and generating a proportion of the prey population that is readily accessible to foraging natural enemies. we incorporated accessible prey into an extant optimal foraging model, and found that this addition allowed opportunistic exploitation of prey that have already emerged from refugia (the leaving strategy) as a viable strategy, in addition to waiting a ... | 2007 | 17922721 |
| evaluation of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrids against cry1ab-susceptible and -resistant sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | a louisiana strain of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), was selected for resistance to the crylab protein of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) by using an f2 screening procedure. survival of bt-resistant, -susceptible, and -heterozygous genotypes of sugarcane borer was evaluated on vegetative and reproductive stages of five non-bt and seven bt field corn, zea mays l., hybrids in a greenhouse study. larval survival was recorded 21 d after infestation of neonates o ... | 2007 | 18232406 |
| novel sex pheromone desaturases in the genomes of corn borers generated through gene duplication and retroposon fusion. | the biosynthesis of female moth sex pheromone blends is controlled by a number of different enzymes, many of which are encoded by members of multigene families. one such multigene family, the acyl-coa desaturases, is composed of certain genes that function as key players in moth sex pheromone biosynthesis. although much is known regarding the function of some of these genes, very little is known regarding how novel genes have evolved within this family and how this might impact the establishment ... | 2007 | 17360547 |
| a global approach to resistance monitoring. | transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been grown in many parts of the world since 1996. in the united states, the environmental protection agency (epa) has required that industry submit insect resistance management (irm) plans for each bt corn and cotton product commercialized. a coalition of stakeholders including the epa, usda, academic scientists, industry, and grower organizations have cooperated in developing specific irm strategi ... | 2007 | 17467005 |
| assortative mating between european corn borer pheromone races: beyond assortative meeting. | sex pheromone communication systems may be a major force driving moth speciation by causing behavioral reproductive isolation via assortative meeting of conspecific individuals. the 'e' and 'z' pheromone races of the european corn borer (ecb) are a textbook example in this respect. 'z' females produce and 'z' males preferentially respond to a 'z' pheromone blend, while the 'e' race communicates via an 'e' blend. both races do not freely hybridize in nature and their populations are genetically d ... | 2007 | 17579726 |
| insect pest densities across site-specific management zones of irrigated corn in northeastern colorado. | the ability to manage insect pests in a site-specific manner is hindered by the costs and time required to describe pest densities and distributions. the purpose of this study was to determine whether insect pest distributions are related to site-specific management zones (ssmzs). site-specific management zones, as described in this study, delineate fields into three zones of similar yield potential: high, medium, and low productivity. if insect densities vary across ssmzs, it is possible that m ... | 2007 | 17598539 |
| functional comparison of full-length and n-terminal-truncated octopamine transporters from lepidoptera. | we have cloned two new lepidopteran octopamine transporters (oats), members of the solute-linked carrier family 6 (slc6) of nutrient transporters, from the cns of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis and the cabbage white pieris rapae. comparison of these sequences with the previously cloned oat from the cabbage looper trichoplusia ni showed that the t. ni oat sequence previously reported was truncated by 74 amino acids at the n-terminus. the cytoplasmic n-termini deduced here are consider ... | 2007 | 17681232 |
| comparison of broiler performance and carcass parameters when fed diets containing combined trait insect-protected and glyphosate-tolerant corn (mon 89034 x nk603), control, or conventional reference corn. | a 42-d floor pen study was conducted to compare broiler (ross x ross 308) performance and carcass measurements when fed diets containing lepidopteran-protected corn combined with glyphosate-tolerant corn (mon 89034 x nk603) with those of broilers fed diets containing corn grain from the conventional control (similar genetic background to the test corn) and 6 conventional corn hybrids. it has been found that mon 89034 produces the cry1a.105 and cry2ab2 insecticidal proteins that protect corn plan ... | 2007 | 17704388 |
| do european corn borer females detect and avoid laying eggs in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone? | european corn borer larvae detect and avoid feeding in the presence of phytoecdysteroids (pes) such as 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). therefore, we hypothesized that females would have taste receptors similar to larvae and avoid laying eggs in the presence of 20e. we found female-specific taste sensilla on the tarsi that respond to 20e at concentrations as low as 10(-6) m, a threshold comparable to that of larvae. however, in choice tests, females laid a similar number of eggs on 20e-treated and on n ... | 2007 | 17514411 |
| diversity of detoxification pathways of ingested ecdysteroids among phytophagous insects. | the metabolic pathways of ingested ecdysteroids have been investigated in three insect species, the aphid myzus persicae and two lepidoptera, plodia interpunctella and ostrinia nubilalis. m. persicae produces mainly a 22-glucoside conjugate, whereas p. interpunctella eliminates a mixture of 20e and its 3-oxo and 3-epi derivatives, both in free form and as conjugates with various fatty acids. o. nubilalis only produces fatty acyl ester conjugates. these data point out the great diversity of detox ... | 2007 | 17523174 |
| influence of plant severing on movement of ostrinia nubilalis larvae in zea mays hybrid seed production fields. | genetically engineered corn hybrids that contain a cry gene from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) are gaining popularity for controlling the corn pest ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). continuous use of bt corn, however, could select for o. nubilalis that are resistant to this corn. monitoring for insect resistance is important, because it could help maintain the bt technology. a possible monitoring method is to collect larval insects in commercial drying bins after harvest from bt ... | 2007 | 17849861 |
| broiler performance and carcass characteristics when fed diets containing lysine maize (ly038 or ly038 x mon 810), control, or conventional reference maize. | lysine maize (zea mays), ly038, was developed through the application of modern biotechnology to accumulate free lys in the germ portion of maize grain and provide an alternative to direct addition of supplemental lys to poultry diets. maize ly038 x mon 810 was produced by conventional breeding of ly038 with mon 810, which provides the corn plant protection against feeding damage from the european corn borer. a 42-d broiler feeding study (10 pens of 10 male cobb x cobb 500 broilers/treatment) wa ... | 2007 | 17878445 |
| thirteen week feeding study with transgenic maize grain containing event das-ø15ø7-1 in sprague-dawley rats. | maize line 1507, containing event das-ø15ø7-1 (1507), is a genetically modified (gm) maize plant that expresses the cry1f gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) sbsp. aizawai and the phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat) gene from streptomyces viridochromogenes throughout the plant including in the grain expression of the cry1f protein confers in planta resistance to the european corn borer (ecb; ostrinia nubilalis hübner: crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests. expression of the pat protei ... | 2007 | 17097206 |
| characterization of chimeric bacillus thuringiensis vip3 toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) are potential alternatives for b. thuringiensis endotoxins that are currently utilized in commercial transgenic insect-resistant crops. screening a large number of b. thuringiensis isolates resulted in the cloning of vip3ac1. vip3ac1 showed high insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda and the cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea but very low activity against the silkworm bombyx mori. the host specificity of th ... | 2007 | 17122403 |
| [spatial model of development of resistance to transgenic insecticidal crop in a pest as applied to the european corn borer]. | a mathematical model of the development of resistance to transgenic bt-crop in insect-pest populations as applied to the european corn borer has been constructed. the model represents a system of differential equations in special derivatives of the reaction-diffusion type. local interactions of three competing pest genotypes formed by the allele of bt-resistance and allele of susceptibility, are described by the same relations as in the kostitsyn model, and the spread of insects is modelled as d ... | 2007 | 17348403 |
| more rare males in ostrinia: response of asian corn borer moths to the sex pheromone of the european corn borer. | a previous flight tunnel study showed that 3-5% of european corn borer (ecb) moths, ostrinia nubilalis (z/e11-14:oac), could fly upwind and make contact with sources releasing the sex pheromone of the related asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis (2:1 z/e12-14:oac). in this study, we show that rare males (3-4%) are also present in south korean acb that respond to the sex pheromone blends of the ecb uz (97:3 z/e11-14:oac) and be (1:99 z/e11-14:oac) pheromone races. we also show that the upw ... | 2007 | 17146720 |
| diverted secondary metabolism and improved resistance to european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) in maize (zea mays l.) transformed with wheat oxalate oxidase. | an alteration in the secondary metabolism of maize (zea mays l.) genetically modified with the wheat oxalate oxidase (oxo) gene was observed using hplc and fluorescence microscopy. phenolic concentrations in the oxo lines were significantly increased, but dimboa synthesis was reduced due to a diversion in the shikimate pathway leading to phenolic and hydroxamic acids. ferulic acid exhibited the largest increase and accounted for 80.4% of the total soluble phenolics. transcription of a 13-lipoxyg ... | 2007 | 17348672 |
| evaluation of oviposition deterrence in management of resistance to transgenic corn by european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | we modified an existing model for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), population dynamics and genetics to evaluate the effectiveness of oviposition deterrence in transgenic fields for resistance management. we simulated two types of deterrence: one type has females reducing their oviposition because of lost opportunities to lay eggs (eggs lost), and the other type has the deterred females moving to the refuge to lay eggs. oviposition deterrence was clearly ... | 2006 | 17195679 |
| impact of trap design, windbreaks, and weather on captures of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in pheromone-baited traps. | pheromone-baited traps are often used in ecological studies of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). however, differences in trap captures may be confounded by trap design, trap location relative to a windbreak, and changes in local weather. the objectives of this experiment were, first, to examine differences in 0. nubilalis adult (moth) captures among the intercept wing trap, the intercept bucket/funnel uni trap, and the hartstack wire-mesh, 75-cm-diame ... | 2006 | 17195666 |
| evaluation of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) neonate preferences for corn and weeds in corn. | choice tests were conducted to determine feeding preferences of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), neonates for 15 species of plants. percentage of neonates accepting (found on) each leaf disc after 24 h was measured using choice tests. initially, nine species of plants were evaluated. the following year, 10 plant species were evaluated during o. nubilalis first generation and 11 species during the second generation. pennsylvania smartweed, polygonum penns ... | 2006 | 17195664 |
| spatial distribution of aglais urticae (l.) and its host plant urtica dioica (l.) in an agricultural landscape: implications for bt maize risk assessment and post-market monitoring. | over the past decades, genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (berliner) (bt) coding for protein toxins have been engineered into maize for protection against the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.)). however, these transgenic plants may have an impact on non-target organisms. in particular, a potential hazard was identified for non-target lepidopteran larvae, if they consume bt maize pollen on their host plants. risk can be defined as a function of the effect of an event (haza ... | 2006 | 16978572 |
| dispersal of newly eclosed european corn borer adults (lepidoptera: crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots. | genetically modified, insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l., hybrids are used throughout the corn belt for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), control. to slow development of bt corn resistance, the environmental protection agency requires growers to plant a refuge. determining the appropriate distance between a refuge and bt corn, and development of mitigation-remediation strategies such as mass releases of susceptible moths, requires ... | 2006 | 17066794 |
| fees or refuges: which is better for the sustainable management of insect resistance to transgenic bt corn? | the evolution of resistance in insect pests will imperil the efficiency of transgenic insect-resistant crops. the currently advised strategy to delay resistance evolution is to plant non-toxic crops (refuges) in close proximity to plants engineered to express the toxic protein of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we seek answers to the question of how to induce growers to plant non-toxic crops. a first strategy, applied in the united states, is to require bt growers to plant non-bt refu ... | 2006 | 17148361 |
| effects of egg-to-adult development time and adult age on olfactory neuron response to semiochemicals in european corn borers. | we used the cut-sensillum technique to assess the effect of both adult age and egg-to-adult development time on olfactory neuron responses of z strain moths of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. compounds tested included the pheromone components, (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, the behavioral antagonist, (z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and components of the o. furnicalis (asian corn borer) sex pheromone, (z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate and (e)-12-tetradecenyl aceta ... | 2006 | 16935295 |
| integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) control in sweet corn as an example. | as growers switch to transgenic crops and selective insecticides that are less toxic to natural enemies, natural enemies can become more important in agricultural pest management. current decision-making guides are generally based on pest abundance and do not address pest and natural enemy toxicity differences among insecticides or the impact of natural enemies on pest survival. a refined approach to making pest management decisions is to include the impact of natural enemies and insecticides, t ... | 2006 | 17066781 |
| monitoring the cry1ab susceptibility of european corn borer in germany. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is one of the most important insect pests in corn, zea mays l. transgenic corn cultivars expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin provide a promising crop protection strategy against european corn borer; however, management is needed to avoid resistance development of the target pest species. the aim of this work was to establish the baseline susceptibility of different european corn borer populations in germany to be able to forecast a p ... | 2006 | 17066811 |
| effect of corn hybrids expressing the coleopteran-specific cry3bb1 protein for corn rootworm control on aboveground insect predators. | field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. (yieldgard rootworm), expressing the cry3bb1 protein on aboveground nontarget insect predators (minute pirate bug, ladybird beetles, and carabids). visual counts of adult and immature orius insidiosus (say), coleomegilla maculata (degeer), hippodamia convergens gurin-meneville, and scymnus spp. occurring in bt corn and its non-bt isoline were made at manhattan, ks, in 2 ... | 2006 | 16937659 |
| fate of the cry1ab protein from bt-maize mon810 silage in biogas production facilities. | biogas plants fuelled with renewable sources of energy are a sustainable means for power generation. in areas with high infestation levels with the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.), it is likely that transgenic bt-maize will be fed into agricultural biogas plants. the fate of the entomotoxic protein cry1ab from mon810 maize was therefore investigated in silage and biogas production-related materials in the utilization chains of two farm-scale biogas plants. the cry1ab content in si ... | 2006 | 16448198 |
| sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cdnas from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis: methods for allelic differentiation of candidate bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes. | midgut expressed alkaline serine proteases of lepidoptera function in conversion of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protoxin to active toxin, and reduced level of transcript t23 is associated with ostrinia nubilalis resistance to dipel bt formulations. three groups of trypsin- (ont25, ont23, and ont3) and two chymotrypsin-like (onc1 and onc2) cdnas were isolated from o. nubilalis midgut tissue. intraspecific groupings are based on cdna similarity and peptide phylogeny. derived serine proteases showe ... | 2006 | 16469064 |
| comparative susceptibility of european corn borer, southwestern corn borer, and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab protein in a commercial bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid. | one field strain each of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.); were collected from cornfields in northeastern louisiana. susceptibilities of the field strain and a corresponding laboratory strain of the three borer species to cry1ab protein in dk69-70 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid were determined by exposing neonates to intact leaf tissues from whorl stage plants or by f ... | 2006 | 16573340 |
| toxicity and mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins in the mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre). | sesamia nonagrioides is one of the most damaging pests of corn in spain and other mediterranean countries. bt corn expressing the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin is being grown on about 58,000 ha in spain. here we studied the mode of action of this cry protein on s. nonagrioides (binding to specific receptors, stability of binding, and pore formation) and the modes of action of other cry proteins that were found to be active in this work (cry1ac, cry1ca, and cry1fa). binding assays were perf ... | 2006 | 16597962 |
| frequency of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab in southern united states corn belt population of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the high-dose refuge resistance management strategy is the main approach used to delay resistance in targeted pests to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in transgenic crops. we used an f2 screen to test a critical assumption of the high-dose refuge strategy, which is that resistance allele (r) frequencies are initially rare (<10(-3)) in ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) from the southern corn belt. we expanded the methodological scope of the f2 screen so that both males and f ... | 2006 | 16686153 |
| pheromone antagonism in the european corn borer moth ostrinia nubilalis. | mixing the sex pheromones of the mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides, and the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, results in significantly lower captures of o. nubilalis when compared to traps loaded with its pheromone alone. rubber septa loaded with a constant concentration of the pheromone of o. nubilalis and different percentages of the s. nonagrioides pheromone (from 1 to 100%) causes dose-dependent antagonism in the field. electroantennograms of o. nubilalis males showed hig ... | 2006 | 16739024 |