Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| performance of transgenic corn hybrids in missouri for insect control and yield. | the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis-transformed corn (zea mays l.) hybrids compared with comparable nontransformed corn hybrids for controlling first- and second-generation european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and second-generation southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar, was determined. yield comparisons were obtained from the same plots of corn hybrids. both generations of european and the second-generation of southwestern corn borer were effectively controlled, but ... | 2000 | 10902361 |
| host-plant diversity of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis: what value for sustainable transgenic insecticidal bt maize? | the strategies proposed for delaying the development of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic maize require high levels of gene flow between individuals feeding on transgenic and refuge plants. the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) may be found on several host plants, which may act as natural refuges. the genetic variability of samples collected on sagebrush (artemisia sp.), hop (humulus lupulus l.) and maize (zea mays l.) was studied by comparing t ... | 2000 | 10902683 |
| colonization of corn, zea mays, by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | light and electron microscopy were used to describe the mode of penetration by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin into corn, zea mays l. after inoculation with a foliar spray of conidia, germinating hyphae grew randomly across the leaf surface. often a germ tube formed from a conidium and elongated only a short distance before terminating its growth. not all developing hyphae on the leaf surface penetrated the cuticle. however, when penetration did occur, the pene ... | 2000 | 10919808 |
| establishment and characterization of an ostrinia nubilalis cell line, and its response to ecdysone agonists. | a cell line derived from embryonic tissues of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (umc-one), was established in ex-cell 401 medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. the cells grew in suspension, and were mainly spherical in shape. the cell doubling times at the 17th and 79th passages were 56 and 36 h, respectively. dna amplification fingerprinting showed that the dna profile of the one cell line was different from that of the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella (umc-dge), and ... | 2000 | 10950000 |
| an in-field screen for early detection and monitoring of insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis in transgenic crops. | we present a field-based approach to detect and monitor insects with resistance to insecticidal toxins produced by transgenic plants. our objective is to estimate the phenotypic frequency of resistance in a population by relating the densities of insects on genetically transformed plants to densities on nontransformed plants. we focus on european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), in sweet corn, zea mays l., expressing cry1ab from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki berliner to illustra ... | 2000 | 10985012 |
| late-instar european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) tunneling and survival in transgenic corn hybrids. | field studies were conducted in 1996 and 1997 to determine injury by and survival of late-instar european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), on genetically altered bacillus thuringiensis berliner corn, zea mays l. cry1ab events 176, bt11, mon810, and mon802; cry1ac event dbt418; and cry9c event cbh351 were evaluated. plants of each corn hybrid were manually infested with two third-, fourth-, or fifth-instar o. nubilalis. larvae were held in proximity to the internode of the plant above the ... | 2000 | 10985043 |
| safety and advantages of bacillus thuringiensis-protected plants to control insect pests. | plants modified to express insecticidal proteins from bacillus thuringiensis (referred to as bt-protected plants) provide a safe and highly effective method of insect control. bt-protected corn, cotton, and potato were introduced into the united states in 1995/1996 and grown on a total of approximately 10 million acres in 1997, 20 million acres in 1998, and 29 million acres globally in 1999. the extremely rapid adoption of these bt-protected crops demonstrates the outstanding grower satisfaction ... | 2000 | 11067772 |
| aedes aegypti tmof modulates ecdysteroid production by prothoracic glands of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) is a decapeptide that inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin-like enzymes in the midgut of several insect species and, as such, serves as a dipteran oostatic hormone. in vitro incubation of lepidopteran prothoracic glands with aedes aegypti tmof revealed that this decapeptide, in the presence of brain extract, modulates ecdysteroid production. the modulatory effect was highly dependent on both the concentration of tmof and brain extract. typically, tmof wa ... | 2000 | 11093243 |
| indirect reduction of ear molds and associated mycotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis corn under controlled and open field conditions: utility and limitations. | in 1995, ears of a experimental inbred (cg59-2) containing a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cry ia (b) gene driven by pepc, pith and pollen promoters and artificially infested with ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae in small plot studies were free from insect damage, whereas 40-50% of the corresponding non-bt inbred ears were damaged. bt inbred ears that were inoculated with aspergillus flavus link and fusarium proliferatum t. matsushima (nirenberg) or exposed to natural mold inoculum after in ... | 2000 | 11142297 |
| evaluation of conventional resistance to european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) and western corn rootworm (coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in experimental maize lines developed from a backcross breeding program. | plant resistance is a promising control method for the two most damaging insect pests of maize, zea mays l.: the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and the western corn rootworm diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. fifteen experimental lines of maize, derived from a backcross breeding program designed to introgress resistance to european corn borer from peruvian maize into two u.s. corn belt adapted inbred lines, were evaluated for resistance to european corn borer and western ... | 2000 | 11142317 |
| binding analyses of bacillus thuringiensis cry delta-endotoxins using brush border membrane vesicles of ostrinia nubilalis. | transgenic corn expressing the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab gene is highly insecticidal to ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer) larvae. we ascertained whether cry1f, cry9c, or cry9e recognizes the cry1ab binding site on the o. nubilalis brush border by three approaches. an optical biosensor technology based on surface plasmon resonance measured binding of brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) injected over a surface of immobilized cry toxin. preincubation with cry1ab reduced bbmv binding to ... | 2001 | 11157257 |
| field efficacy of sweet corn hybrids expressing a bacillus thuringiensis toxin for management of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) and helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | field studies were done in 1995-1996 to assess the efficacy of three sweet corn hybrids that express the bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin, crylab, against two lepidopteran pests, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) and helicoverpa zea (boddie). the bt hybrids tested were developed by novartis seeds, using the event bt-11, which expresses bt toxin in green tissue as well as reproductive tissues including the tassel, silk, and kernel. bt hybrids were compared with a standard non-bt control or the non-bt ... | 2001 | 11233113 |
| establishment of cry9c susceptibility baselines for european corn borer and southwestern corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | in 1997 and 1998, cry9c susceptibility baselines were established for field-collected populations of european corn borer, osrinia nubilalis (hubner), and southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar. bioassay of neonate european corn borer larvae of 16 colonies collected from the midwestern united states indicated lc50 values ranging from 13.2 to 65.1 ng of cry9c protein per square centimeter. neonate european corn borer lc50 values ranged from 46.5 to 214 ng/cm2. neonate larvae of three ... | 2001 | 11332831 |
| prospects for reducing fumonisin contamination of maize through genetic modification. | fumonisins (fb) are mycotoxins found in (italic)fusarium verticillioides-infected maize grain worldwide. attention has focused on fbs because of their widespread occurrence, acute toxicity to certain livestock, and their potential carcinogenicity. fbs are present at low levels in most field-grown maize but may spike to high levels depending on both the environment and genetics of the host plant. among the strategies for reducing risk of fb contamination in maize supplied to the market, developme ... | 2001 | 11359705 |
| lepidopteran peritrophic membranes and effects of dietary wheat germ agglutinin on their formation and structure. | peritrophic membrane (pm) structure and the effects of dietary wheat germ agglutinin (wga) on pm formation were studied in larvae of the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, and the tobacco hornworm (thw), manduca sexta. growth of ecb was strongly inhibited by low amounts of wga in the diet (0.05%), whereas thw was not affected by amounts of up to 2%. in ecb larvae, chitin microfibrils were secreted to form an orthogonal network within the apical region of the anterior midgut microvill ... | 2001 | 11376456 |
| quantitative assessment of biotic mortality factors of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in field corn. | five treatments were used to exclude naturally occurring predators and parasitoids, based on body size and flight ability, to assess their effect on ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) populations on corn plaits. two initial o. nubilalis egg densities (one egg mass and three egg masses per plant) were assigned to each treatment. egg predation was higher in uncaged treatments than in caged treatments. flying insect predators, primarily coleomegilla maculata degeer (coleoptera: coccinellidae), reduced egg ... | 2001 | 11425014 |
| effect of planting dates and bacillus thuringiensis corn on the population dynamics of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | field studies were conducted to determine how field corn, zea mays l., phenologies in combination with transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) corn and non-bt (near isogenic) corn could affect egg laying by female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner), and subsequent larval injury. transgenic bt (events 176 and bt11) and non-bt corn was planted at three different times to assess the use of early- and late- planted bt corn as a means for egg recruitment to these targeted planti ... | 2001 | 11425031 |
| establishment and characterization of insect cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species. | cell lines from selected lepidopteran species were established for the overall purpose of use in baculovirus production. a total of 36 new cell lines from 10 lepidopteran species were generated, including cell lines from a pyralid, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, a plutellid, the diamondback moth, plutella xylostella, as well as eight noctuids: the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon, the celery looper, anagrapha falcifera, the velvetbean caterpillar, anticarsia gemmatalis, the corn earw ... | 2001 | 11515970 |
| [medical and biological assessment of genetically modified corn line mon 810 resistant to european corn borer and line ga 21 resistant to glyphosate: a chemical study]. | chemical analysis of genetically modified corns mon 810 resistance to european corn borer and ga 21 tolerance to glyphosphate was performed. results of these studies showed that there is no difference between genetically modified and conventional corn products. | 2001 | 11517686 |
| feeding value of corn silage estimated with sheep and dairy cows is not altered by genetic incorporation of bt1376 resistance to ostrinia nubilalis. | a genetically modified bt176 corn hybrid (rh208bt)--providing control of european corn borer damage--and the conventional isogenic hybrid (rh208)--harvested as whole plant silage--were evaluated in three separate feeding trials to verify that the in vivo feeding value was substantially equivalent among modified and conventional hybrids. in the first trial, after a week of preexperiment, two sets of six texel sheep, housed in digestibility crates, were fed silage sources of rh208 and rh208bt hybr ... | 2001 | 11518312 |
| pcr-based gut content analysis of insect predators: using ribosomal its-1 fragments from prey to estimate predation frequency. | we used polymerase chain reaction to determine whether ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) dna was present in the guts of larvae and adult males and females of the generalist predator coleomegilla maculata de geer (coleoptera: coccinellidae). the predators were fed ostrinia nubilalis egg masses and allowed to digest at either 20 degrees c or 27 degrees c for time spans ranging from 0 to 12 h. four primer pairs, specific for o. nubilalis were developed, using a nuclear ribosomal ... | 2001 | 11555249 |
| biotic and abiotic factors limiting efficacy of bt corn in indirectly reducing mycotoxin levels in commercial fields. | incidence of insect damage, and association of insect damage with mycotoxigenic corn ear molds and mycotoxins was examined in commercial fields of bt and non-bt hybrids of different backgrounds in illinois in 1998 and 1999. nearly 50% helicoverpa zea (boddie) infestation sometimes occurred in bt hybrids that express high levels of the protein in silks and kernels. damage by european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner, was uncommon, even in non-bt ears. levels of total fumonisins were generall ... | 2001 | 11681667 |
| response of potato tuber yield to stem injury by european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in the mid-atlantic united states. | the response of potato, solanum tuberosum l., tuber yield to stem injury by european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), larvae was investigated in the mid-atlantic region of the united states for 3 yr. this response was described for 'superior', 'atlantic', and 'snowden' potato, which are early-season, midseason, and late-season maturing cultivars, respectively. to model the yield/injury relationship, a range of corn borer injury levels was established in the field by augmenting the natura ... | 2001 | 11681679 |
| interactions between nosema pyrausta (microsporidia: nosematidae) and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in the european corn borer (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | larval susceptibility to bacillus thuringiensis was determined for nosema pyrausta-infected and uninfected european corn borers, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), in bioassays using a commercial formulation of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki, dipel es, incorporated into diet. lc50 values for n. pyrausta-infected larvae were significantly lower (p<0.0001) than for uninfected larvae and declined with increasing levels of infection. lc50 values for a 15-d bioassay using field-colony first instars were ... | 2001 | 11777037 |
| dispersal of adult european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) within and proximal to irrigated and non-irrigated corn. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), causes economic damage to corn, zea mays l., throughout the corn belt. because this insect has become the primary target of bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) transgenic corn, current efforts addressing the management of o. nubilalis resistance to bt corn require information on adult european corn borer dispersal and factors affecting its dispersal. in 1998 we conducted mark-release-recapture, release-recapture, and caged-mating studies to ... | 2001 | 11777038 |
| chronic exposure of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab bacillus thuringiensis toxin. | transgenic corn expressing the insecticidal toxin from bacillus thuringiensis berliner is gaining support as an effective control technology for use against lepidopteran pests, particularly european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner (lepidoptera: crambidae). however, there is concern that widespread adoption of transgenic plants will rapidly lead to b. thuringiensis toxin resistance. thus, long-term selection of o. nubilalis populations with the cry1ab b. thuringiensis toxin has been underta ... | 2001 | 11777065 |
| interaction of nosema pyrausta and temperature on ostrinia nubilalis egg production and hatch. | nosema pyrausta is an obligate pathogen causing reduced fecundity and longevity of ostrinia nubilalis. this study was conducted to determine the combined effects of n. pyrausta infection and temperature on o. nubilalis egg production and hatch. n. pyrausta-infected and noninfected o. nubilalis were maintained in two different temperature regimes. the first regime allowed females to oviposit under optimum conditions (27 degrees c, 65% rh, 16:8 (l:d)), while females in the second regime were held ... | 2001 | 12009801 |
| economic considerations for the adoption of transgenic crops: the case of bt corn. | biotechnology is offering farmers new crop production opportunities and challenges. prior to selecting a transgenic variety, farmers must consider the cost of the technology fee, possible yield drag, potential pest infestations, possible reductions in pesticide costs, refuge requirements to minimize the development of insect resistance, and adjustments in cultural practices. moreover, crop segregation in the field, storage, and shipment may be necessary to capture potential price premiums for no ... | 2001 | 19265877 |
| taste detection of phytoecdysteroids in larvae of bombyx mori, spodoptera littoralis and ostrinia nubilalis. | a number of plants produce significant amounts of phytoecdysteroids that can disrupt the hormonal levels of insects feeding upon them. insects equipped with taste receptors sensitive to phytoecdysteroids are able to avoid such plants. how common is this strategy? by recording from the lateral and medial sensilla styloconica in two polyphagous species (ostrinia nubilalis and spodoptera littoralis) and in a monophagous species (bombyx mori), we tested whether the receptors could detect three commo ... | 2002 | 12770096 |
| survival of kansas dipel-resistant european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on bt and non-bt corn hybrids. | the kansas dipel-resistant and susceptible european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), were evaluated in the greenhouse on different bt transgenic events expressed in corn hybrids. there were important differences in the resistance offered by the different bt event corn hybrids. hybrid comparison tests indicate that these dipel-resistant first-instar european corn borer were not able to survive to adulthood on whorl-stage mon810, bt11, or 176 bt event corn plants. third instars did not sur ... | 2002 | 12076009 |
| corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and other insect associated resistance in the maize inbred tex6. | a 2-yr field and laboratory study investigated insect resistance of the maize, zea mays l., inbred tex6, which has previously demonstrated resistance to aspergillus ear rot and aflatoxin production, relative to susceptible inbred b73. field studies indicated significantly greater resistance to insect feeding of v4-v8 growth stage tex6 plants compared with b73 plants in both years, primarily to flea beetles (chaetonema spp.). field studies of natural (1999) and artificial (2000) infestations of c ... | 2002 | 12076011 |
| sex pheromone gland of the female european corn borer moth, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera, pyralidae): ultrastructural and biochemical evidences. | the sex pheromone gland of the female european corn borer moth, ostrinia nubilalis was studied using light and electron microscopy. the pheromone gland is formed by hypertrophied epidermal cells at the mid-dorsal region of the intersegmental membrane between abdominal segments 8 and 9/10. active glandular cells contain extensive apical membrane foldings, a single nucleus, many free ribosomes, numerous mitochondria, microtubules and lipid droplets. smooth endoplasmic reticulum is scanty. in young ... | 2002 | 12130802 |
| inheritance of an oviposition behavior by an egg parasitoid. | a quantitative genetic study revealed genetic and environmental sources of variance in percentage parasitism of european corn borer egg masses and secondary sex ratios by trichogramma nubilale. full and half-sib groups of t. nubilale were obtained from a nested mating design, which permitted the partitioning of the variance of t. nubilale parasitism of european corn borer egg masses into additive genetic variance, maternal/dominant variance and environmental variance. a mother-daughter regressio ... | 2002 | 12180085 |
| in vivo and in vitro metabolism of fipronil by larvae of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. | in vivo and in vitro metabolism of [14c]fipronil was examined in a susceptible european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hübner) laboratory strain. [14c]fipronil penetrated the larval integument slowly, with 71.5% of the applied radioactivity recovered from surface rinses 24 h after topical application. despite this slow penetration, radioactivity was detected in both the excrement and internal organo-soluble fractions. radioactivity in the internal aqueous fraction and tissue pellet accounted fo ... | 2002 | 12192904 |
| investigations on genetically modified maize (bt-maize) in pig nutrition: chemical composition and nutritional evaluation. | the objective of the present study was to determine the composition and the nutritional value of parental and transgenic maize seeds fed to pigs. the parental maize line was genetically modified to incorporate a gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) expressing a toxin against the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). both (parental and transgenic) maize lines were analyzed for crude nutrients, starch, sugar, non-starch polysaccharides (nsp), amino acids, fatty acids, as well as for selected ... | 2002 | 12389219 |
| biotechnology and the european corn borer: measuring historical farmer perceptions and adoption of transgenic bt corn as a pest management strategy. | a 3-yr, multi-state survey of farmers who had planted transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn was conducted to evaluate perceptions of bt corn performance and its utility as a management option for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). a questionnaire was sent to farmers in illinois, iowa, kansas, minnesota, nebraska, and pennsylvania who had grown bt corn during the growing seasons of 1996, 1997, or 1998. there were 7,427 usable questionnaires returned with the following respons ... | 2002 | 12403412 |
| modeling the development of resistance by stalk-boring lepidopteran insects (crambidae) in areas with transgenic corn and frequent insecticide use. | we simulated the population dynamics and population genetics of two bivoltine species of corn borers, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and the southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar, in a hypothetical region of irrigated transgenic and nontransgenic corn where insecticide was applied only to the nontransgenic refuge crop. over the 100-yr time horizon, resistance developed quickly in both species and to both transgenic corn and the insecticide when the allele for ... | 2002 | 12403431 |
| rapid degradation of the cry1f insecticidal crystal protein in soil. | the gene for the core cry1f insecticidal crystal protein (icp) from bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) has been incorporated into the genome of maize plants, zea mays l. plants expressing this icp are protected from attack by various lepidopteran pests including the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). the stability of the cry1f icp in soil was assessed in a laboratory study designed to determine the persistence of the active protein residue in soil over time, using insect bioassa ... | 2002 | 12428962 |
| a chimeric ecdysone receptor facilitates methoxyfenozide-dependent restoration of male fertility in ms45 maize. | a mutation in the maize ms45 gene results in abortion of microspore development and a male-sterile phenotype. ms45 protein has been localized to the tapetum and maximally expressed in anthers at the early vacuolate stage of microspore development. molecular complementation analysis determined that a transformed copy of the gene fully restored fertility to ms45 maize. in this report, using phenotypic complementation as an assay, chimeric transcriptional activators were expressed to regulate a gal ... | 2002 | 12437077 |
| effect of sequential applications of foliar nutrients, biofertilizers and sowing dates on the incidence of corn stem borers in egypt. | in this study either early sown (may 1st) or lately sown (june 2nd) corn plants were treated with phosphorin & rhizobactrin as biofertilizers and sprayed with six selected foliar nutrients, i.e. polymex; greenzit sp100, greenzit npk, potasin-f, copper sulphate and ascorbic acid; in mono-, bi-, and/or tri-sequential applications. such practices were conducted to show their beneficial effects compared with the chemical treatment in checking the incidence of the stem borers and hence increasing the ... | 2002 | 12696416 |
| the role of some agricultural practices and fertilizer type on both the incidence of stem borers infestation and corn yield in egypt. | maize, zea mays, l. is one of the most important field crops in egypt. it is used mainly for human, animal and poultry feeding. corn plants are usually attacked by several injourious insect pests at different stages of development. out of them, the pink stem borer, sesamia cretica (led.), the purple lined borer, chilo agamemnon (bles.), and the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hb.); which cause great damage and yield losses. it is profitable to adopt an effective and sustainable strategy ... | 2002 | 12696425 |
| ostrinia nubilalis parasitism and the field abundance of non-target insects in transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn (zea mays). | in this study, we evaluated in field trials the effects on non-target species, of transgenic corn producing the cry1ab toxin of bacillus thuringiensis (bt). in 1998, we collected ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae from transgenic bt corn (novartis hybrid 176) and non-bt corn at four geographical sites. we found a significant variation in parasitism by the tachinids lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) among sites, and more parasitism in non-bt than in bt fields. ... | 2002 | 15612256 |
| fungal growth and fusarium mycotoxin content in isogenic traditional maize and genetically modified maize grown in france and spain. | fungi of the genus fusarium are common fungal contaminants of maize and are also known to produce mycotoxins. maize that has been genetically modified to express a bt endotoxin has been used to study the effect of insect resistance on fungal infection of maize grains by fusarium species and their related mycotoxins. maize grain from bt hybrids and near-isogenic traditional hybrids was collected in france and spain from the 1999 crop, which was grown under natural conditions. according to the erg ... | 2002 | 11829636 |
| comparison of bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrids and insecticide-treated isolines exposed to bivoltine european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south dakota. | the performances of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrids and permethrin-treated isolines were evaluated in south dakota from 1997 to 1999. the corn hybrids were exposed to natural seasonal fluctuations of a bivoltine ecotype european corn borer population. larval injury parameters, grain yields, and gross incomes were quantified during the 3-yr study. the use of either bt hybrids or whorl-applied permethrin granules resulted in significant yield advantages in only 1 out of 3 yr of performanc ... | 2002 | 11942752 |
| use of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner corn hybrids to determine the direct economic impact of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) on field corn in eastern canada. | transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt corn) (maximizer and yieldgard hybrids, novartis seeds), non-bt isolines and high-performance (check) hybrids were evaluated for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), damage and grain yield in commercial strip plots across ontario in 1996 and 1997. bt corn hybrids reduced stalk tunneling damage by 88-100%. in 1996, minimal damage was found in locations where only one generation of european corn borer occurred per year. bt ... | 2002 | 11942765 |
| female sex pheromone polymorphism in adzuki bean borer, ostrinia scapulalis, is similar to that in european corn borer, o. nubilalis. | individual analysis of the female sex pheromone of the adzuki bean borer, ostrinia scapulalis, has shown that the sex pheromone of this species comprised (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (e11-14:oac) and (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (z11-14:oac) at variable blend ratios. the pheromone blend could be tentatively categorized into three types with respect to the proportion of e11-14:oac: e type (94-100%, median 99.2%), z type (0-16%, median 3.0%), and intermediate type (i type, 48-85%, median 63.7%). in ... | 2002 | 11944830 |
| odor discrimination using insect electroantennogram responses from an insect antennal array. | insects have a highly developed olfactory sensory system, mainly based in their antennae, for the detection and discrimination of volatile compounds in the environment. electroantennogram (eag) response profiles of five different insect species, drosophila melanogaster, heliothis virescens, helicoverpa zea, ostrinia nubilalis and microplitis croceipes, showed different, species-specific eag response spectra to 20 volatile compounds tested. the eag response profiles were then reconstructed for ea ... | 2002 | 12006374 |
| selection of relevant non-target herbivores for monitoring the environmental effects of bt maize pollen. | genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (berliner) that encode lepidopteran-specific toxins were engineered into maize for protection against the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.). recent data suggest that lepidoptera may be negatively affected, if maize pollen contains high amounts of bt toxin and is diposited on host plants near maize fields. monitoring the environmental effects of commercial bt maize fields requires effective use of limited financial and logistical resource ... | 2003 | 15612277 |
| effects of feeding silage and grain from glyphosate-tolerant or insect-protected corn hybrids on feed intake, ruminal digestion, and milk production in dairy cattle. | lactating dairy cows were used to determine effects of feeding glyphosate-tolerant or insect-protected corn hybrids on feed intake, milk production, milk composition, and ruminal digestibility. corn resistant to european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) infestation (bt-mon810), or its nontransgenic control (bt-con), were planted in alternating fields during two successive years. one-half of each strip was harvested for whole plant corn silage and the remainder was allowed to mature and harvested ... | 2003 | 12778588 |
| regulation of bt crops in canada. | the canadian food inspection agency (cfia) regulates environmental releases of plants with novel traits, which include transgenic plants such as bt crops. bt crops are regulated in canada because they express insect resistance novel to their species. commercialization of crops with novel traits such as the production of insecticidal bt proteins requires an approval for environmental release, as well as approvals for use as feed and food. environmental factors such as potential impacts on non-tar ... | 2003 | 12788275 |
| economic analysis of planting dates to manage european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) with bt corn. | planting dates of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) corn were adjusted to determine the utility in managing european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). transgenic bt (events 176 and bt11) corn and non-bt corn were planted at three different times to use the early- and late- planted corn as a potential trap crop for ovipositing european corn borer moths. grain moisture and yields were recorded to determine the economic benefits of bt corn planted on the different dates, based ... | 2003 | 12852640 |
| transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid performance against univoltine ecotype european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in south dakota. | the performances of bt-corn hybrids against univoltine ecotype european corn borer larvae were evaluated in south dakota from 1997 to 1999. the corn hybrids were exposed to natural seasonal fluctuations of a univoltine ecotype european corn borer population. larval injury parameters, grain yields, and gross incomes were quantified during the 3-yr study. in general, the bt-corn hybrids had significantly higher yields than the untreated non-bt isolines in 1997 and 1998 when corn borer pressures we ... | 2003 | 12852642 |
| molecular genetics and evolution of pheromone biosynthesis in lepidoptera. | a great diversity of pheromone structures are used by moth species (insecta: lepidoptera) for long-distance mating signals. the signal/response channel seems to be narrow for each species, and a major conundrum is how signal divergence has occurred in the face of strong selection pressures against small changes in the signal. observations of various closely related and morphologically similar species that use pheromone components biosynthesized by different enzymes and biosynthetic routes unders ... | 2003 | 12876197 |
| phenotypic versus marker-assisted selection for stalk strength and second-generation european corn borer resistance in maize. | maize ( zea mays l.) stalk lodging is breakage of the stalk at or below the ear, which may result in loss of the ear at harvest. stalk lodging is often intensified by the stalk tunneling action of the second-generation of the european corn borer (2-ecb) [ostrinia nubilalis (hübner)]. rind penetrometer resistance (rpr) has been used to measure stalk strength and improve stalk lodging resistance, and quantitative trait loci (qtl) have been identified for both rpr and 2-ecb damage. phenotypic recur ... | 2003 | 12928781 |
| reliable detection and identification of genetically modified maize, soybean, and canola by multiplex pcr analysis. | multiplex pcr procedures were developed for simultaneously detecting multiple target sequences in genetically modified (gm) soybean (roundup ready), maize (event 176, bt11, mon810, t14/25), and canola (gt73, hcn92/28, ms8/rf3, oxy 235). internal control targets (invertase gene in corn, lectin and beta-actin genes in soybean, and cruciferin gene in canola) were included as appropriate to assess the efficiency of all reactions, thereby eliminating any false negatives. primer combinations that allo ... | 2003 | 13129280 |
| insect resistance to transgenic bt crops: lessons from the laboratory and field. | transgenic crops that produce insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) grew on >62 million ha worldwide from 1996 to 2002. despite expectations that pests would rapidly evolve resistance to such bt crops, increases in the frequency of resistance caused by exposure to bt crops in the field have not yet been documented. in laboratory and greenhouse tests, however, at least seven resistant laboratory strains of three pests (plutella xylostella [l.], pectinophora gossypiell ... | 2003 | 14503572 |
| silent genes and rare males: a fresh look at pheromone blend response specificity in the european corn borer moth, ostrinia nubilalis. | the response of male moths from two pheromone races of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, was measured in a flight tunnel assay to different ratios of structurally different compounds that comprise the sex pheromone of the asian corn borer, ostrinia furnacalis. for both o. nubilalis races, between 1 and 5% of the males completed upwind flights to two different blends of the o. furnacalis pheromone components (the 2:1 z/e12-14:oac female-produced blend, and a 97:3 z/e mix), confirming t ... | 2003 | 15841231 |
| two sex-chromosome-linked microsatellite loci show geographic variance among north american ostrinia nubilalis. | pcr-based o. nubilalis population and pedigree analysis indicated female specificity of a (gaaaat)n microsatellite, and male specificity of a caycarcgtcactaa repeat unit marker. these loci were respectively named ostrinia nubilalis w-chromosome 1 (onw1) and o. nubilalis z-chromosome 1 (onz1). intact repeats of three, four, or five gaaaat units are present among onw1 alleles, and biallelic variation exists at the onz1 locus. screening of 493 male at onz1 and 448 heterogametic females at onz1 and ... | 2003 | 15841245 |
| preparation and biological assessment of hydroxycinnamic acid amides of polyamines. | many plants contain hydroxycinnamic acid conjugates of polyamines that are remarkably similar in general structure to the acylated polyamines found in spider and wasp toxins. in an effort to determine whether these compounds might play a role in the chemical defense of plants against arthropod pests we synthesized a variety of analogues of the coumaric (4-hydroxycinnamic) acid conjugates of di-, tri-, and tetraamines using common protection and acylation strategies. n(1)- and n(8)-coumaroyl sper ... | 2003 | 12737981 |
| a specific real-time quantitative pcr detection system for event mon810 in maize yieldgard based on the 3'-transgene integration sequence. | the increasing presence of transgenic plant derivatives in a wide range of animal and human consumables has provoked in western europe a strong demand for appropriate detection methods to evaluate the existence of transgenic elements. among the different techniques currently used, the real-time quantitative pcr is a powerful technology well adapted to the mandatory labeling requirements in the european union (eu). the use of transgene flanking genomic sequences has recently been suggested as a m ... | 2003 | 12739886 |
| frequency of alleles conferring resistance to bt maize in french and us corn belt populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | farmers, industry, governments and environmental groups agree that it would be useful to manage transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins to delay the evolution of resistance in target pests. the main strategy proposed for delaying resistance to bacillus thuringiensis ( bt) toxins in transgenic crops is the high-dose/refuge strategy. this strategy is based on the unverified assumption that resistance alleles are initially rare (<10(-3)). we used an f(2) screen on >1,200 isofemale lines of ... | 2003 | 12748773 |
| host-plant-associated genetic differentiation in northern french populations of the european corn borer. | the phytophagous insects that damage crops are often polyphagous, feeding on several types of crop and on weeds. the refuges constituted by noncrop host plants may be useful in managing the evolution in pest species of resistance to the bacillus thuringiensis toxins produced by transgenic crops. however, the benefits of these refuges may be limited because host-plant diversity may drive genetic divergence and possibly even host-plant-mediated sympatric speciation. the european corn borer, ostrin ... | 2003 | 12634820 |
| genetic isolation between two sympatric host-plant races of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner. i. sex pheromone, moth emergence timing, and parasitism. | adaptation to different environments may be a powerful source of genetic differentiation between populations. the biological traits selected in each environment can pleiotropically induce assortative mating between individuals of these genetically differentiated populations. this situation may facilitate sympatric speciation. successful host shifts in phytophagous insects provide some of the best evidence for the ecological speciation that occurs, or has occurred, in sympatry. the european corn ... | 2003 | 12683523 |
| evaluation of oils and microbial pathogens for control of lepidopteran pests of sweet corn in new england. | vegetable and mineral oil, beauveria bassiana (balsamo) and bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki berliner were evaluated for control of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae), helicoverpa zea (boddie) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and spodoptera frugiperda (j. e. smith) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in sweet corn (zea mays l.). field experiments in maine and massachusetts during 1993 and 1994 evaluated oils and pathogens singly or in combinations, using a single application directly to the ... | 2003 | 14977100 |
| predatory fauna in cornfields and response to imidacloprid seed treatment. | the composition and abundance of predatory fauna in corn, zea mays l., were studied by field visual sampling and pitfall traps over a 5-yr period. in visual samplings, the most abundant groups were araneae, heteroptera, carabidae, coccinellidae, and staphylinidae, whereas the prevalent predators caught in pitfall traps belonged to carabidae, araneae, dermaptera, and opilionidae. the most abundant species or genera in the prevalent groups, except in arachnida, were identified. application of the ... | 2003 | 14977119 |
| millet preference, effects of planting date on infestation, and adult and larval use of proso millet by ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the interaction between millet and european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), was investigated to gain insight into whether millet could serve as a refuge or trap crop for o. nubilalis management. in 1995, 1996, and 1999, millet selection studies were conducted in north dakota and new york with four millet species. proso millet, panicum milliaceum l., had the highest infestation and widest distribution of o. nubilalis developmental stages, indicating the presence of both univoltine and bi ... | 2003 | 14994802 |
| infestation of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in sweet corn as predicted by time of oviposition. | oviposition by european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübn, was examined in relation to sweet corn development from 1994 to 1996, and related to harvest infestation levels. stepwise multiple regression and linear regression showed that 79-87% of the variability of larvae per ear or proportion of ears infested at harvest was explained by the number of egg masses laid from about anthesis to brown silk stages. the analyses indicated three periods of oviposition with differing implications to harve ... | 2003 | 14994809 |
| evaluation of thiamethoxam and imidacloprid as seed treatments to control european corn borer and indianmeal moth (lepidoptera: pyralidae) larvae. | efficacy of thiamethoxam (cruiser) and imidacloprid (gaucho) were evaluated as seed treatments for controlling european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) and indianmeal moth, plodia interpunctella (hübner) larvae in stored grain. at approximately 22-26 degrees c, all fifth instar european corn borers died after two or 4 d of exposure to corn treated with 250 and 500 ppm thiamethoxam, respectively, while mortality of larvae exposed for two and 4 d on corn treated with 6.3-937.5 ppm imidaclo ... | 2003 | 14994821 |
| a hybrid bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin gives resistance against a coleopteran and a lepidopteran pest in transgenic potato. | expression of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins has proven to be a successful strategy for obtaining insect resistance in transgenic plants. drawbacks of expression of a single resistance gene are the limited target spectrum and the potential for rapid adaptation of the pest. hybrid toxins with a wider target spectrum in combination with existing toxins may be used as tool to mitigate these problems. in this study, desiree potato plants were genetically modified to resist attack by insect ... | 2003 | 17147680 |
| molecular genetics and evolution of pheromone biosynthesis in lepidoptera. | a great diversity of pheromone structures are used by moth species (insecta: lepidoptera) for long-distance mating signals. the signal/response channel seems to be narrow for each species, and a major conundrum is how signal divergence has occurred in the face of strong selection pressures against small changes in the signal. observations of various closely related and morphologically similar species that use pheromone components biosynthesized by different enzymes and biosynthetic routes unders ... | 2003 | 16576755 |
| effect of environment on resistance to the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in maize. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a major pest of maize, zea mays l., in many temperate parts of the world. genotype-by-environment interaction effects can make relative performance unpredictable and may hamper selection for resistance to european corn borer. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of environment on genotypic reaction to european corn borer resistance in maize. a set of 12 maize inbred lines was chosen to represent ... | 2004 | 15568368 |
| activity of gut proteinases from cry1ab-selected colonies of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | susceptibility to the cry1ab protoxin and toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) and activity of gut proteinases were assessed in both susceptible and cry1ab-selected colonies of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner). resistance in two different selected colonies was at least 6- and 15-fold for the cry1ab protoxin and 108- and 484-fold for the cry1ab toxin. activities of trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like proteinases were variable among the colonies tested and not ... | 2004 | 15578599 |
| mean generation analysis of the damage caused by sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) in sweet corn ears. | sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre) and ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) are the main maize (zea mays l.) pests in mediterranean countries. to develop insect-resistant cultivars, it is helpful to know the genetic control of the resistance. our objective was to determine the genetic control of the resistance to both borers. for each of two crosses (ep59 x p51 and 15125 x ep61), six generations were evaluated (p1, p2, f1, f2, bc1, and bc2). genetic effects x environment interactions were not significant. f ... | 2004 | 14998135 |
| qtl mapping for european corn borer resistance ( ostrinia nubilalis hb.), agronomic and forage quality traits of testcross progenies in early-maturing european maize ( zea mays l.) germplasm. | in hybrid breeding the performance of lines in hybrid combinations is more important than their performance per se. little information is available on the correlation between individual line and testcross (tc) performances for the resistance to european corn borer (ecb, ostrinia nubilalis hb.) in maize ( zea mays l.). marker assisted selection (mas) will be successful only if quantitative trait loci (qtl) found in f(2) derived lines for ecb resistance are still expressed in hybrid combinations. ... | 2004 | 15014876 |
| comparative analysis of the production of insecticidal and melanizing macromolecules by strains of beauveria spp.: in vivo studies. | eleven strains of beauveria bassiana, and a further five species of beauveria sp., were tested by injection of 8x10(2) conidia into the haemocoel of the larvae of the lepidopteran galleria mellonella with the aim of analysing their toxin producing activity in vivo. although the virulent strains killed 100% of the insects at slightly different rates (4-6 days) there were significant differences in the pattern and intensity of host melanization caused by isolates. the majority of the isolates of b ... | 2004 | 15109898 |
| host-plant specialization in pheromone strains of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis in france. | european corn borer (ecb) feeding on maize (zea mais), mugwort (artemisia vulgaris), and hop (humulus lupulus) are genetically different in france and referred to as host-plant races. here, we investigated sex pheromone composition as a possible trait linked to the host plant. ecb host races were sampled from 13 different sites in france. gc-ms analysis of female pheromone showed that 175 out of 176 maize females belonged to the z type with one hybrid. in contrast, mugwort and hop females belong ... | 2004 | 15112728 |
| compositional equivalency of cry1f corn event tc6275 and conventional corn (zea mays l.). | maize (zea mays l.) plants have been transformed to express a cry1f insecticidal crystal protein originally isolated from bacillus thuringiensis berliner. this protein controls lepidopteran pests of maize, including the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). as part of the safety assessment for crops containing transgenes, a compositional analysis of the food and feed is conducted. this analysis is designed to detect unintended changes in the nutrient and antinutrient content of the r ... | 2004 | 15113183 |
| fatty acid and sex pheromone changes and the role of glandular lipids in the z-strain of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). | lipids in the sex pheromone gland of females of the z-strain of ostrinia nubilalis were analyzed for fatty acyl pheromone analogs (fapas) and other potential biosynthetic intermediates. more than 80% of the fapas were found in the triacylglycerols (tgs), with smaller amounts found in the phosphatidyl cholines, ethanolamines, and serines. analysis of the tgs by lipase revealed that the two fapas were distributed fairly evenly among all three stereospecific positions. comparison of changes in tite ... | 2004 | 15146542 |
| evaluation of the european union maize landrace core collection for resistance to sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae) and ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | two corn borer species are the principal maize insect pests in europe, the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and the pink stem borer, sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre). hence, it would be advisable to evaluate the european maize germplasm for corn borer resistance to generate european varieties resistant to corn borer attack. the creation of the european union maize landrace core collection (eumlcc) allowed the screening of most of the variability for european corn borer resistance ... | 2004 | 15154492 |
| genetic mapping of sexual isolation between e and z pheromone strains of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). | the e and z pheromone strains of the european corn borer (ecb) provide an exceptional model system for examining the genetic basis of sexual isolation. differences at two major genes account for variation in female pheromone production and male behavioral response, components of the pheromone communication system known to be important for mate recognition and mate choice. strains of ecb are morphologically indistinguishable, and surveys of allozyme and dna sequence variation have revealed signif ... | 2004 | 15166156 |
| comparative analysis of proteinase activities of bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | proteinase activities were compared in soluble and membrane fractions of guts obtained from larvae of bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis. overall, serine proteinases from soluble fractions of the susceptible strain were more active than those of the resistant strain. the soluble trypsin-like proteinase activity of the resistant strain was approximately half that of the susceptible strain. the number and relative molecular masses of soluble and membrane serine pr ... | 2004 | 15262280 |
| female european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) ovarian developmental stages: their association with oviposition and use in a classification system. | reproductive development of female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), was investigated and a classification system proposed. females collected in a blacklight trap during 1982 and 1983 were dissected and their reproductive system examined. female reproductive systems were divided into six stages based on ovum development within the ovarioles, ovum depletion, ovariole appearance, and fat body color and shape. the female reproductive systems were also staged on the basis of spermato ... | 2004 | 15279261 |
| binomial sequential sampling plans for late instars of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae), corn earworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae), and damaged kernels in sweet corn ears. | late-season infestations of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and corn earworm, helicoverpa zea (boddie), were sampled to develop binomial sequential sampling plans for larval infestations and damaged kernels in sweet corn, zea mays l., ears, near harvest. fields were sampled to obtain a range of larval densities likely to be encountered over a range of infestation levels and field conditions. binomial sampling plans were developed for o. nubilalis larvae, h. zea larvae, o. nubil ... | 2004 | 15279284 |
| cross-resistance of cry1ab-selected ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxins. | corn plants expressing the toxin from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) have proven to be effective in controlling lepidopteran pests such as the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). several bt toxins are being tested and incorporated into crop genomes, although tests for cross-resistance among different toxins have been limited by a lack of resistant colonies. four different colonies of o. nubilalis selected with full-length cry1ab incorporated into artific ... | 2004 | 15279290 |
| binding analyses of cry1ab and cry1ac with membrane vesicles from bacillus thuringiensis-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis. | the binding properties of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to brush border membrane vesicles of dipel-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis larvae were compared using ligand-toxin immunoblot analysis, surface plasmon resonance (spr), and radiolabeled toxin binding assays. in ligand-toxin immunoblot analysis, the number of cry1ab or cry1ac toxin binding proteins and the relative toxin binding intensity were similar in vesicles from resistant and susceptible larvae. surface plasmon resonance ... | 2004 | 15351700 |
| growth, development, and survival of nosema pyrausta-infected european corn borers (lepidoptera: crambidae) reared on meridic diet and cry1ab. | transgenic corn, zea mays l., hybrids expressing crystal protein endotoxin genes from bacillus thuringiensis berliner are an increasingly popular tactic for managing the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), in north america. o. nubilalis populations also are often vulnerable to the ubiquitous entomopathogenic microsporidium nosema pyrausta (paillot). we examined the effect of feeding meridic diet incorporated with purified cry1ab on growth, development, and survival of nosema-infect ... | 2004 | 15384327 |
| potential of trichogramma ostriniae (hymenoptera: trichogrammatidae) for biological control of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in solanaceous crops. | we assessed the ability of trichogramma ostriniae (peng & chen) to locate and parasitize ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) eggs in crops other than corn, and we evaluated the efficacy of inundative releases of the parasitoid in two solanaceous crops, pepper and potato. despite a greater plant surface area to search, parasitism of o. nubilalis eggs was consistently higher in sweet corn than dicotyledonous crops such as pepper, snap bean, broccoli, potato, and melon, in choice and no-choice experiments. ... | 2004 | 15384329 |
| efficacy of piper (piperaceae) extracts for control of common home and garden insect pests. | extracts from three species of the plant family piperaceae, piper nigrum [l.], piper guineense [schum & thonn, and piper tuberculatum [jacq.], were tested for efficacy against insects from five orders. all three species contain isobutyl amides, plant secondary compounds that act as neurotoxins in insects. these materials are considered safe to mammals because piper spp. were used for centuries for spice and medicinal purposes. when 24-h p. nigrum lc50 values were compared between common insect p ... | 2004 | 15384353 |
| resistance of early maturing sweet corn varieties to damage caused by sesamia nonagrioides (lepidoptera: noctuidae). | in mediterranean countries, the principal pest of maize, zea mays l., is sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre. the objective of this work was to study the resistance of the four early maturing varieties of sweet corn, baby orchard, orchard baby, dorinny sweet, and golden early market, and to check the relationship among resistance to s. nonagrioides and infestation dates. in a previous study, these varieties had showed a confusing behavior, being the most resistant varieties to s. nonagrioides attack i ... | 2004 | 15384357 |
| managing the evolution of bacillus thuringiensis resistance in natural populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis: host plant, host race and pherotype of adult males at aggregation sites. | the european corn borer (ecb) consists of at least two, genetically differentiated host races: one feeding on maize, the other feeding on mugwort and hop. it is unclear to what extent individuals feeding on these, or other host plants, contribute to natural ecb populations. the mechanisms underlying the genetic differentiation between both races are not well understood; they may include sexual attraction via different pheromone blends (e or z) and differences in the location of mating sites. we ... | 2004 | 15475339 |
| role of antioxidant defense during different stages of preadult life cycle in european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn.): diapause and metamorphosis. | antioxidant enzymes, total glutathione (gsh), and ascorbic acid (asa) were determined in whole body homogenates of nondiapausing larvae, diapausing larvae during the diapausing period (october, december, and february), and in pupae emerged from both diapausing and nondiapausing larvae of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn., lepidoptera: pyralidae). the activities of catalase, selenium nondependent glutathione peroxidase (gpx), and glutathione-s-transferase (gst), as well as the co ... | 2004 | 14745825 |
| geographic and voltinism differentiation among north american ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer) mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase haplotypes. | dna sequence of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase i (cox1) and ii (cox2) genes were characterized and used for population genetic analysis. twenty-six point mutations were identified from a 2,156 bp dna sequence alignment. the frequency of polymorphic cox1ddei and haeiii, and cox2 sau3ai and mspi restriction sites were determined from 1,414 individuals by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism ... | 2004 | 15861250 |
| genetic relationships between resistance to stalk-tunneling by the european corn borer and cell-wall components in maize population b73xb52. | the objective of this study was to assess the relationships among quantitative trait loci (qtl) detected for european corn borer (ecb) tunneling and cell-wall components (cwc) neutral detergent fiber (ndf), acid detergent fiber (adf), and acid detergent lignin (adl) content in leaf-sheath and stalk tissues in a maize recombinant inbred line population derived from inbred lines b73 and b52. most of the qtl for ecb resistance (10/13) were at qtl positions for one or more cwc. of the 12 qtl for ndf ... | 2005 | 15887040 |
| transgenic corn for control of the european corn borer and corn rootworms: a survey of midwestern farmers' practices and perceptions. | in 2001, a self-administered questionnaire was sent to 1000 corn, zea mays l., farmers in each of five states (illinois, indiana, iowa, minnesota, and nebraska) to evaluate their perceptions of transgenic corn designed to control the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and corn rootworms, diabrotica spp. respondents returned 1,313 surveys (26.2%). farmers with small acreages planted a greater portion of their corn (54.5%) with transgenic corn for control of european corn borer than ... | 2005 | 15889709 |
| european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) effects on qualitative traits of high oil content corn grown in kentucky. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is one of the most important pests of corn, zea mays l., because it consistently causes high loss of yield. a study was conducted in 2000-2002 at field sites in central and western kentucky to investigate whether infestation by o. nubilalis differentially affects the production of high-oil corn compared with traditional field corn. statistical differences in grain weight and percentage of oil content between the five ... | 2005 | 15889730 |
| regulating insect resistance management: the case of non-bt corn refuges in the us. | in this paper, we analyze the insect resistance management (irm) plan put in place by the us environmental protection agency (epa) to delay the evolution of resistance to bt corn in natural populations of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner. this irm plan is the most impressive mandatory irm system ever developed. it forms a coherent whole and includes mandatory refuges, actions to increase growers' compliance and a program for monitoring the evolution of resistance. however, our ... | 2005 | 15922504 |
| characterization of cdnas encoding three trypsin-like proteinases and mrna quantitative analysis in bt-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia nubilalis. | our previous studies suggested that bacillus thuringiensis (bt) resistance in a dipel-resistant strain of ostrinia nubilalis was primarily due to reduced trypsin-like proteinase activity. in this study, we demonstrated a 254-fold resistance to cry1ab protoxin but only 12-fold to trypsin-activated cry1ab toxin in the dipel-resistant strain. significantly higher resistance to cry1ab protoxin than to trypsin-activated cry1ab toxin further supports the hypothesis that reduced trypsin-like proteinase ... | 2005 | 15944081 |
| partial mitochondrial genome sequences of ostrinia nubilalis and ostrinia furnicalis. | contiguous 14,535 and 14,536 nt near complete mitochondrial genome sequences respectively were obtained for ostrinia nubilalis and ostrinia furnicalis. mitochondrial gene order was identical to that observed from bombyx. sequences comparatively showed 186 substitutions (1.3% sequence divergence), 170 cds substitutions (131 at 3(rd) codon positions), and an excess of transition mutation likely resulting by purifying selection (d(n)/d(s) = omega congruent with 0.15). overall substitution rates wer ... | 2005 | 15951845 |
| effects of selection for the timing of vegetative phase transition on corn borer (lepidoptera: noctuidae and crambidae) damage. | in maize, zea mays l., the timing of vegetative phase transition from juvenile to adult vegetative phases can be modified through selection. a reduction in the juvenile vegetative phase has been associated with resistance to diseases and pests. the major maize pest in temperate areas is ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) and in europe sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre. the objective of our study was to determine the effects of divergent selection for the timing of vegetative phase transition in maize on re ... | 2005 | 16022330 |
| evaluation of detection methods for genetically modified traits in genotypes resistant to european corn borer and herbicides. | detection of genetically modified (gm) traits in corn (zea mays l.) is urgently needed for preservation of genetic identity and marketing gm products. a laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency, accuracy, and reliability of different analytical methods to detect gm traits in corn. samples with known fractions of gm concentrations (bacillus thuringiensis [bt], liberty link [ll] and stacked [bt/ll] genes) from commercial seed companies and those derived from yellow kernels in a wh ... | 2005 | 16047885 |