Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| detection, identification and geographical distribution of european corn borer larval parasitoids using molecular markers. | biological control requires specific tools for the accurate detection and identification of natural enemies, and to detect unusual variations in their density, which may follow changes in agricultural practices. here we have developed specific molecular markers to detect lydella thompsoni (herting) and pseudoperichaeta nigrolineata (walker) (diptera: tachinidae) within the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). primers amplifying fragments of the mitochondrial ... | 2005 | 16101790 |
| susceptibility of dipel-resistant and -susceptible ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) to individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. | dipel-resistant and -susceptible strains of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) were evaluated for larval mortality and growth inhibition when fed diets containing individual bacillus thuringiensis protoxins. resistance ratios for four of the protoxins in dipel (cry1aa, cry1ab, cry1ac, and cry2aa) were 170-, 205-, 524-, and > 640-fold, respectively, considerably higher than the 47-fold resistance to dipel. the dipel-resistant strain was 36-fold resistant to cry1ba, a protoxin not present in dipel. anoth ... | 2005 | 16156588 |
| consequences of reproductive barriers for genealogical discordance in the european corn borer. | speciation involves the origin of trait differences that limit or prevent gene exchange and ultimately results in daughter populations that form monophyletic or exclusive genetic groups. however, for recently diverged populations or species between which reproductive isolation is often incomplete, gene genealogies will be discordant, and most regions of the genome will display nonexclusive genealogical patterns. in these situations, genome regions for which one or both species are exclusive grou ... | 2005 | 16204000 |
| novel vip3-related protein from bacillus thuringiensis. | a novel vip3-related gene was identified in bacillus thuringiensis. this novel gene is 2,406 bp long and codes for a 91-kda protein (801 amino acids). this novel protein exhibits between 61 and 62% similarity with vip3a proteins and is designated vip3ba1. vip3ba1 has several specific features. differences between vip3ba1 and the vip3a proteins are spread throughout the sequence but are more frequent in the c-terminal part from amino acid 456 onward. the regions containing the two proteolytic pro ... | 2005 | 16204549 |
| physiological host specificity: a model using the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and microsporidia of row crop and other stalk-boring hosts. | we investigated vertical and horizontal transmission as means by which entomopathogenic microsporidia may be isolated in their hosts. ostrinia nubilalis larvae were challenged with microsporidia isolated from other stalk-boring and row crop lepidoptera and were susceptible to seven species. two species were horizontally transmitted. a nosema sp. from eoreuma loftini was transmitted among o. nubilalis larvae but not among larvae of the e. loftini host. this species was also vertically transmitted ... | 2005 | 16214162 |
| comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing corn grain with insect-protected (corn rootworm and european corn borer) and herbicide-tolerant (glyphosate) traits, control corn, or commercial reference corn. | a 42-d feeding experiment with growing ross x ross 508 broilers showed that the nutritional value of insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn was comparable to that of the genetically similar control and 5 commercial reference corn hybrids. mon 88017 provides protection from feeding damage by coleopteran pest corn rootworm and is tolerant to the action of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the roundup family of agricultural herbicides. mon 88017 x mon 810 was developed by the traditional b ... | 2005 | 15844815 |
| sex pheromone biosynthesis in ostrinia zaguliaevi, a congener of the european corn borer moth o. nubilalis. | in order to clarify the biochemical basis to the divergence of sex pheromones in the genus ostrinia (lepidoptera: crambidae), the pheromone biosynthetic pathway in o. zaguliaevi, a close relative of the european corn borer o. nubilalis, was investigated. deuterium-labeled hexadecanoic or tetradecanoic acids were topically applied to the surface of the pheromone gland, and the incorporation of the label into pheromone components and their putative precursors was determined. it was suggested that ... | 2005 | 15857767 |
| the influence of post-exposure temperature on the toxicity of insecticides to ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the influence of post-treatment temperature on the toxicities of two pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin), a carbamate (methomyl) and a spinosyn (spinosad) to ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) larvae was evaluated in laboratory assays. from 24 to 35 degrees c, the toxicities of the pyrethroids decreased 9.5- and 13.6-fold while spinosad toxicity decreased 3.8-fold. the toxicity of methomyl did not change significantly. the results demonstrate that the most effective insecticide against a pe ... | 2005 | 15633207 |
| sequence variation in the cadherin gene of ostrinia nubilalis: a tool for field monitoring. | toxin-binding proteins of insect midgut epithelial cells are associated with insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. a 5378 nt cdna encoding a 1717 amino acid putative midgut cadherin-like glycoprotein and candidate cry1ab toxin-binding protein was characterized from ostrinia nubilalis. intraspecific alignment of partial o. nubilalis cadherin gene sequences identified variance within proposed cry1a toxin binding region 2 (tbr2), 1328iplqtsilvvt[i/v] n1340, and flanking cry1a ... | 2005 | 15681223 |
| antagonism of pheromone response of ostrinia nubilalis males and implications on behavior in the laboratory and in the field. | the antagonistic effect on the pheromone response and catabolism of male european corn borers, ostrinia nubilalis, by several trifluoromethyl ketones is reported. (z)-11-tetradecenyl trifluoromethyl ketone (z11-14:tfmk), the most closely related analogue of the main component of the pheromone, elicits a remarkable disruptive effect on close approach and source contact of males flying to a source baited with mixtures of the pheromone and the antagonist in 5:1 and 10:1 ratios. in this experiment, ... | 2005 | 15713034 |
| verification of a european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) loss equation in the major corn production region of the northeastern united states. | field studies in pennsylvania and maryland were conducted during 2000, 2001, and 2002 to test the applicability of published yield loss relationships developed in central pennsylvania for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), management in warmer, longer season corn, zea mays l., grain production regions of the northeastern united states. both isoline hybrids and non-bt lead hybrids were compared against bacillus thuringiensis (bt) hybrids to measure effects of the pest on yield. the ... | 2005 | 15765671 |
| bt176 corn in poultry nutrition: physiological characteristics and fate of recombinant plant dna in chickens. | a genetically modified bt176 corn hybrid, which contains an insecticidal protein against the european corn borer, and its conventional, nonmodified counterpart were evaluated in 4 separate trials to verify substantial equivalence in feeding value and animal performance. thirty-six individually kept laying hens and 3 replicates of 94 broiler chickens each, assigned to 12 cages, were fed 2 different hen and broiler diets containing either 60% conventional or 60% bt176 corn. the nutrient compositio ... | 2005 | 15782906 |
| comparison on dna patterns of different ecotypes of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis hübner) in hungary. | for a molecular genetic study on hungarian populations of european corn borer l5 stage larvae were collected from 14 places of three different regions of the country (uni- and bivoltine ecotypes). additionally, the study included larvae from egypt, too (multivoltine ecotype). molecular examinations of european corn borer larvae using the study of mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) revealed that by single strand conformation polimorphism (sscp) the populations found in hungary represented the sam ... | 2005 | 15813216 |
| assortative mating in sympatric host races of the european corn borer. | although a growing body of work supports the plausibility of sympatric speciation in animals, the practical difficulties of directly quantifying reproductive isolation between diverging taxa remain an obstacle to analyzing this process. we used a combination of genetic and biogeochemical markers to produce a direct field estimate of assortative mating in phytophagous insect populations. we show that individuals of the same insect species, the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis, that develop ... | 2005 | 15821092 |
| genetic isolation between two sympatric host plant races of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hubner. ii: assortative mating and host-plant preferences for oviposition. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hubner, colonized maize (zea mays l.) after its introduction into europe about 500 years ago and is now considered one of the main pests of this crop. in northern france, two sympatric host races have been described: one feeding on maize and the other on mugwort (artemisia vulgaris l.) and hop (humulus lupulus l.). in a previous study, we showed that mating between the two races may be impeded by differences in the timing of moth emergence and in the c ... | 2005 | 15562285 |
| identification, cloning and expression of a cry1ab cadherin receptor from european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | transgenic corn expressing the cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis is highly toxic to european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, larvae. a putative cry1ab receptor (onbt-r(1)) molecule was cloned and sequenced from a cdna library prepared from midgut tissue of o. nubilalis larvae. the 5.6 kb gene is homologous with a number of cadherin genes identified as cry1 binding proteins in other lepidopterans. brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars. a 220 ... | 2005 | 15607653 |
| two differentially expressed ommochrome-binding protein-like genes (obp1 and obp2) in larval fat body of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | ommochrome-binding proteins function in coloration and detoxification pathways by transporting tryptophan metabolites, and increase in hemolymph concentration prior to diapause. two ommochrome-binding protein genes from the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (onobp1 and onobp2; genbank accession nos. ay819651 to ay819655 and ay862870) were isolated. relatedness to obp-encoding genes was suggested by peptide similarity, phylogenetic reconstruction, and expression data. 21 single nucl ... | 2005 | 16341251 |
| comparison of broiler performance when fed diets containing corn grain with insect-protected (corn rootworm and european corn borer) and herbicide-tolerant (glyphosate) traits, control corn, or commercial reference corn--revisited. | a 42-d feeding experiment with growing ross x ross 508 broilers showed that the nutritional value of insect-protected and herbicide-tolerant corn was comparable to that of the genetically similar control and 5 commercial reference corn hybrids. mon 88017 provides protection from feeding damage by coleopteran pest corn rootworm and is tolerant to the action of glyphosate, the active ingredient in the roundup family of agricultural herbicides. mon 88017 x mon 810 was developed by the traditional b ... | 2005 | 16479946 |
| habitat modification contributes to associational resistance between herbivores. | associational resistance, in which one species gains protection from its consumers by association with a competitor, is common among plants but has seldom been documented among insects. here we show that parasitism of an aboveground herbivore, european corn borer, by its specialist parasitoid macrocentrus grandii, is reduced 98% in the presence of a belowground herbivore, corn rootworm. we tested the hypothesis that this positive indirect interaction between corn rootworm and corn borer was medi ... | 2006 | 16496178 |
| comparative susceptibility of european corn borer, southwestern corn borer, and sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) to cry1ab protein in a commercial bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrid. | one field strain each of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner); southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar; and sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.); were collected from cornfields in northeastern louisiana. susceptibilities of the field strain and a corresponding laboratory strain of the three borer species to cry1ab protein in dk69-70 bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn hybrid were determined by exposing neonates to intact leaf tissues from whorl stage plants or by f ... | 2006 | 16573340 |
| toxicity and mode of action of bacillus thuringiensis cry proteins in the mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre). | sesamia nonagrioides is one of the most damaging pests of corn in spain and other mediterranean countries. bt corn expressing the bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin is being grown on about 58,000 ha in spain. here we studied the mode of action of this cry protein on s. nonagrioides (binding to specific receptors, stability of binding, and pore formation) and the modes of action of other cry proteins that were found to be active in this work (cry1ac, cry1ca, and cry1fa). binding assays were perf ... | 2006 | 16597962 |
| study of effects of bt maize (zea mays) events on lepidoptera ostrinia nubilalis, sesamia nonagrioidesin southwestern france. | crops of maize (zea mays l.) were conducted in southwestern france with gmo (genetic modified organism) vs isogenetic varieties in order to verify the control of european corn borer (ecb) ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) and the corn stalk borer (cbs) sesamia nonagrioides (lefevbre) by gmo in field conditions. the bioassays were carried out in 1998 and 1999 before moratorium, then in 2005. experiments involved respectively 18, 12 and 19 fields cultivated with furio/furio cb (gmo), cecilia/ elgina (gm ... | 2006 | 17390797 |
| fate of the cry1ab protein from bt-maize mon810 silage in biogas production facilities. | biogas plants fuelled with renewable sources of energy are a sustainable means for power generation. in areas with high infestation levels with the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.), it is likely that transgenic bt-maize will be fed into agricultural biogas plants. the fate of the entomotoxic protein cry1ab from mon810 maize was therefore investigated in silage and biogas production-related materials in the utilization chains of two farm-scale biogas plants. the cry1ab content in si ... | 2006 | 16448198 |
| sequence variation in trypsin- and chymotrypsin-like cdnas from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis: methods for allelic differentiation of candidate bacillus thuringiensis resistance genes. | midgut expressed alkaline serine proteases of lepidoptera function in conversion of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) protoxin to active toxin, and reduced level of transcript t23 is associated with ostrinia nubilalis resistance to dipel bt formulations. three groups of trypsin- (ont25, ont23, and ont3) and two chymotrypsin-like (onc1 and onc2) cdnas were isolated from o. nubilalis midgut tissue. intraspecific groupings are based on cdna similarity and peptide phylogeny. derived serine proteases showe ... | 2006 | 16469064 |
| fees or refuges: which is better for the sustainable management of insect resistance to transgenic bt corn? | the evolution of resistance in insect pests will imperil the efficiency of transgenic insect-resistant crops. the currently advised strategy to delay resistance evolution is to plant non-toxic crops (refuges) in close proximity to plants engineered to express the toxic protein of the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt). we seek answers to the question of how to induce growers to plant non-toxic crops. a first strategy, applied in the united states, is to require bt growers to plant non-bt refu ... | 2006 | 17148361 |
| evaluation of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae) neonate preferences for corn and weeds in corn. | choice tests were conducted to determine feeding preferences of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), neonates for 15 species of plants. percentage of neonates accepting (found on) each leaf disc after 24 h was measured using choice tests. initially, nine species of plants were evaluated. the following year, 10 plant species were evaluated during o. nubilalis first generation and 11 species during the second generation. pennsylvania smartweed, polygonum penns ... | 2006 | 17195664 |
| impact of trap design, windbreaks, and weather on captures of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in pheromone-baited traps. | pheromone-baited traps are often used in ecological studies of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). however, differences in trap captures may be confounded by trap design, trap location relative to a windbreak, and changes in local weather. the objectives of this experiment were, first, to examine differences in 0. nubilalis adult (moth) captures among the intercept wing trap, the intercept bucket/funnel uni trap, and the hartstack wire-mesh, 75-cm-diame ... | 2006 | 17195666 |
| evaluation of oviposition deterrence in management of resistance to transgenic corn by european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | we modified an existing model for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), population dynamics and genetics to evaluate the effectiveness of oviposition deterrence in transgenic fields for resistance management. we simulated two types of deterrence: one type has females reducing their oviposition because of lost opportunities to lay eggs (eggs lost), and the other type has the deterred females moving to the refuge to lay eggs. oviposition deterrence was clearly ... | 2006 | 17195679 |
| inheritance of resistance to the cry1ab bacillus thuringiensis toxin in ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | laboratory selection with cry1ab, the predominant bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin in transgenic corn, zea mays l., produced >1000-fold resistance in two laboratory strains of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). we tested the offspring of various crosses to determine the mode of inheritance of resistance to cry1ab. patterns of inheritance of resistance were similar in the two resistant strains. the progeny of reciprocal f1 crosses (resistant male x susceptible female and vice vers ... | 2006 | 16686152 |
| frequency of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab in southern united states corn belt population of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the high-dose refuge resistance management strategy is the main approach used to delay resistance in targeted pests to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins in transgenic crops. we used an f2 screen to test a critical assumption of the high-dose refuge strategy, which is that resistance allele (r) frequencies are initially rare (<10(-3)) in ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) from the southern corn belt. we expanded the methodological scope of the f2 screen so that both males and f ... | 2006 | 16686153 |
| resistance evolution to bt crops: predispersal mating of european corn borers. | over the past decade, the high-dose refuge (hdr) strategy, aimed at delaying the evolution of pest resistance to bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins produced by transgenic crops, became mandatory in the united states and is being discussed for europe. however, precopulatory dispersal and the mating rate between resident and immigrant individuals, two features influencing the efficiency of this strategy, have seldom been quantified in pests targeted by these toxins. we combined mark-recapture and ... | 2006 | 16719560 |
| pheromone antagonism in the european corn borer moth ostrinia nubilalis. | mixing the sex pheromones of the mediterranean corn borer, sesamia nonagrioides, and the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, results in significantly lower captures of o. nubilalis when compared to traps loaded with its pheromone alone. rubber septa loaded with a constant concentration of the pheromone of o. nubilalis and different percentages of the s. nonagrioides pheromone (from 1 to 100%) causes dose-dependent antagonism in the field. electroantennograms of o. nubilalis males showed hig ... | 2006 | 16739024 |
| analyses of cry1ab binding in resistant and susceptible strains of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | cry1ab toxin binding analysis was performed to determine whether resistance in laboratory-selected ostrinia nubilalis strains is associated with target site alteration. brush border membrane vesicles were prepared using dissected midguts from late instars of susceptible and resistant strains (europe-r and rstt) of o. nubilalis. immunoblot analysis indicated that three different proteins bound to cry1ab toxin and were recognized by an anticadherin serum. in a comparison of resistant and susceptib ... | 2006 | 16885282 |
| common genomic structure for the lepidoptera cadherin-like genes. | a cadherin-like protein present in the midgut epithelial cells of lepidoptera is associated with insect resistance to bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. we describe for the first time the genes that encode the cadherin-like proteins in ostrinia nubilalis, helicoverpa armigera, and bombyx mori, and analyze their organization. these genes encompass 19.6 kb, 20.0 kb, and 41.8 kb of genomic dna, respectively, and despite the size heterogeneity, they are all composed of 35 exons that are linked by 34 ... | 2006 | 16905280 |
| effects of egg-to-adult development time and adult age on olfactory neuron response to semiochemicals in european corn borers. | we used the cut-sensillum technique to assess the effect of both adult age and egg-to-adult development time on olfactory neuron responses of z strain moths of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. compounds tested included the pheromone components, (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate, the behavioral antagonist, (z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate, and components of the o. furnicalis (asian corn borer) sex pheromone, (z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate and (e)-12-tetradecenyl aceta ... | 2006 | 16935295 |
| effect of corn hybrids expressing the coleopteran-specific cry3bb1 protein for corn rootworm control on aboveground insect predators. | field and laboratory studies were conducted to determine the effect of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l. (yieldgard rootworm), expressing the cry3bb1 protein on aboveground nontarget insect predators (minute pirate bug, ladybird beetles, and carabids). visual counts of adult and immature orius insidiosus (say), coleomegilla maculata (degeer), hippodamia convergens gurin-meneville, and scymnus spp. occurring in bt corn and its non-bt isoline were made at manhattan, ks, in 2 ... | 2006 | 16937659 |
| spatial distribution of aglais urticae (l.) and its host plant urtica dioica (l.) in an agricultural landscape: implications for bt maize risk assessment and post-market monitoring. | over the past decades, genes of bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (berliner) (bt) coding for protein toxins have been engineered into maize for protection against the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis (hbn.)). however, these transgenic plants may have an impact on non-target organisms. in particular, a potential hazard was identified for non-target lepidopteran larvae, if they consume bt maize pollen on their host plants. risk can be defined as a function of the effect of an event (haza ... | 2006 | 16978572 |
| integrating biological and chemical controls in decision making: european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) control in sweet corn as an example. | as growers switch to transgenic crops and selective insecticides that are less toxic to natural enemies, natural enemies can become more important in agricultural pest management. current decision-making guides are generally based on pest abundance and do not address pest and natural enemy toxicity differences among insecticides or the impact of natural enemies on pest survival. a refined approach to making pest management decisions is to include the impact of natural enemies and insecticides, t ... | 2006 | 17066781 |
| dispersal of newly eclosed european corn borer adults (lepidoptera: crambidae) from corn into small-grain aggregation plots. | genetically modified, insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) corn, zea mays l., hybrids are used throughout the corn belt for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), control. to slow development of bt corn resistance, the environmental protection agency requires growers to plant a refuge. determining the appropriate distance between a refuge and bt corn, and development of mitigation-remediation strategies such as mass releases of susceptible moths, requires ... | 2006 | 17066794 |
| monitoring the cry1ab susceptibility of european corn borer in germany. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is one of the most important insect pests in corn, zea mays l. transgenic corn cultivars expressing bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin provide a promising crop protection strategy against european corn borer; however, management is needed to avoid resistance development of the target pest species. the aim of this work was to establish the baseline susceptibility of different european corn borer populations in germany to be able to forecast a p ... | 2006 | 17066811 |
| mating patterns and bt resistance: the case of the european corn borer. | 2006 | 20076597 | |
| degradation of the s. frugiperda peritrophic matrix by an inducible maize cysteine protease. | a unique 33-kda cysteine protease (mir1-cp) rapidly accumulates at the feeding site in the whorls of maize (zea mays l.) lines that are resistant to herbivory by spodoptera frugiperda and other lepidopteran species. when larvae were reared on resistant plants, larval growth was reduced due to impaired nutrient utilization. scanning electron microscopy (sem) indicated that the peritrophic matrix (pm) was damaged when larvae fed on resistant plants or transgenic maize callus expressing mir1-cp. to ... | 2006 | 16243350 |
| thirteen week feeding study with transgenic maize grain containing event das-ø15ø7-1 in sprague-dawley rats. | maize line 1507, containing event das-ø15ø7-1 (1507), is a genetically modified (gm) maize plant that expresses the cry1f gene from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) sbsp. aizawai and the phosphinothricin-n-acetyltransferase (pat) gene from streptomyces viridochromogenes throughout the plant including in the grain expression of the cry1f protein confers in planta resistance to the european corn borer (ecb; ostrinia nubilalis hübner: crambidae) and other lepidopteran pests. expression of the pat protei ... | 2007 | 17097206 |
| characterization of chimeric bacillus thuringiensis vip3 toxins. | bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal proteins (vip) are potential alternatives for b. thuringiensis endotoxins that are currently utilized in commercial transgenic insect-resistant crops. screening a large number of b. thuringiensis isolates resulted in the cloning of vip3ac1. vip3ac1 showed high insecticidal activity against the fall armyworm spodoptera frugiperda and the cotton bollworm helicoverpa zea but very low activity against the silkworm bombyx mori. the host specificity of th ... | 2007 | 17122403 |
| more rare males in ostrinia: response of asian corn borer moths to the sex pheromone of the european corn borer. | a previous flight tunnel study showed that 3-5% of european corn borer (ecb) moths, ostrinia nubilalis (z/e11-14:oac), could fly upwind and make contact with sources releasing the sex pheromone of the related asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis (2:1 z/e12-14:oac). in this study, we show that rare males (3-4%) are also present in south korean acb that respond to the sex pheromone blends of the ecb uz (97:3 z/e11-14:oac) and be (1:99 z/e11-14:oac) pheromone races. we also show that the upw ... | 2007 | 17146720 |
| antioxidant defense in mitochondria during diapause and postdiapause development of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn.). | antioxidant enzymes (cat, catalase; gpx, selenium nondependent glutathione peroxidase; gst, glutathione-s-transferase; gr, glutathione reductase; dhar, dehydroascorbate reductase) were determined in the mitochondria of diapausing and non-diapausing larvae and pupae of both diapausing and non-diapausing larvae of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis, hubn., lepidoptera: pyralidae). cat, gst, and dhar activity in mitochondria of diapausing larvae were reduced compared to non-diapausing larv ... | 2007 | 17294423 |
| [spatial model of development of resistance to transgenic insecticidal crop in a pest as applied to the european corn borer]. | a mathematical model of the development of resistance to transgenic bt-crop in insect-pest populations as applied to the european corn borer has been constructed. the model represents a system of differential equations in special derivatives of the reaction-diffusion type. local interactions of three competing pest genotypes formed by the allele of bt-resistance and allele of susceptibility, are described by the same relations as in the kostitsyn model, and the spread of insects is modelled as d ... | 2007 | 17348403 |
| diverted secondary metabolism and improved resistance to european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) in maize (zea mays l.) transformed with wheat oxalate oxidase. | an alteration in the secondary metabolism of maize (zea mays l.) genetically modified with the wheat oxalate oxidase (oxo) gene was observed using hplc and fluorescence microscopy. phenolic concentrations in the oxo lines were significantly increased, but dimboa synthesis was reduced due to a diversion in the shikimate pathway leading to phenolic and hydroxamic acids. ferulic acid exhibited the largest increase and accounted for 80.4% of the total soluble phenolics. transcription of a 13-lipoxyg ... | 2007 | 17348672 |
| novel sex pheromone desaturases in the genomes of corn borers generated through gene duplication and retroposon fusion. | the biosynthesis of female moth sex pheromone blends is controlled by a number of different enzymes, many of which are encoded by members of multigene families. one such multigene family, the acyl-coa desaturases, is composed of certain genes that function as key players in moth sex pheromone biosynthesis. although much is known regarding the function of some of these genes, very little is known regarding how novel genes have evolved within this family and how this might impact the establishment ... | 2007 | 17360547 |
| a beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase and brainiac/bre5 homolog expressed in the midgut did not contribute to a cry1ab toxin resistance trait in ostrinia nubilalis. | post-translational glycosylation of midgut epithelial protein and lipid receptors may be required prior to binding of activated bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry toxins. a 931bp cdna encoding a putative 297-residue beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (beta3galt5) was cloned from larval ostrinia nubilalis midgut tissue, and showed homology to drosophila brainiac (brn) and caenorhabditis elegans bre5 proteins. single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) were detected in coding and promoter regions of o. nubil ... | 2007 | 17368198 |
| corn borer (lepidoptera: noctuidae and crambidae) resistance of main races of maize from north america. | resistance to corn borers, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and sesamia nonagrioides (lefebvre) (lepidoptera: noctuidae) in maize, zea mays l., populations is partial, and more resistant populations are needed. the objective of this research was to compare resistance to corn borers of the main maize races from north america. twenty open-pollinated maize populations belonging to the races southern dent, corn belt dent, and northern flint, and three check populations, were eval ... | 2007 | 17370830 |
| evidence of olfactory antagonistic imposition as a facilitator of evolutionary shifts in pheromone blend usage in ostrinia spp. (lepidoptera: crambidae). | olfactory receptor neuron (orn) response was measured to assess why some males ("rare males") of the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis, have a broad behavioral response to fly upwind to both the acb and the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, pheromone blends. we performed single-sensillum electrophysiological recordings on acb males that had been behaviorally assessed for upwind flight response to the acb blend [60:40 (z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (z12-14:oac) to (e)-12-tetra ... | 2007 | 17374381 |
| support for (z)-11-hexadecanal as a pheromone antagonist in ostrinia nubilalis: flight tunnel and single sensillum studies with a new york population. | the flight-tunnel response of male z-strain european corn borer moths (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, from a population in new york state (usa), was significantly antagonized by addition of 1% (z)-11-hexadecanal (z11-16:ald) to their sex pheromone (a 97:3 mix of (z)- and (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate [z/e11-14:oac]). the level of antagonism was equivalent to that observed for the previously identified ecb antagonist, (z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (z9-14:oac), and supports a recent report showing that z11- ... | 2007 | 17393282 |
| regulation of pheromone biosynthesis in the "z strain" of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | the regulation of pheromone biosynthesis by the neuropeptide pban in the z strain of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, was investigated using labeled intermediates. injection of radiolabeled acetate showed pban did not influence the de novo synthesis of saturated fatty acids in the gland. when deuterium-labeled myristic acid was topically applied to the gland, females injected with pban produced more labeled pheromone than did control females, indicating that pban controls one of the ... | 2007 | 17427934 |
| a global approach to resistance monitoring. | transgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis (bt) have been grown in many parts of the world since 1996. in the united states, the environmental protection agency (epa) has required that industry submit insect resistance management (irm) plans for each bt corn and cotton product commercialized. a coalition of stakeholders including the epa, usda, academic scientists, industry, and grower organizations have cooperated in developing specific irm strategi ... | 2007 | 17467005 |
| inhibition of pheromone response in sesamia nonagrioides by the pheromone of the sympatric corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | sesamia nonagrioides lef. and ostrinia nubilalis (hübn.) are two corn borers present in the mediterranean area that share a similar feeding habitat. the female sex pheromones of the two species consist of (z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate, (z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol, (z)-11-hexadecenal and dodecyl acetate (77:8:10:5 w/w) and (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate and (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (97:3 w/w) respectively. although the pheromones share no common components, previous work had shown the inhibition of the re ... | 2007 | 17487881 |
| do european corn borer females detect and avoid laying eggs in the presence of 20-hydroxyecdysone? | european corn borer larvae detect and avoid feeding in the presence of phytoecdysteroids (pes) such as 20-hydroxyecdysone (20e). therefore, we hypothesized that females would have taste receptors similar to larvae and avoid laying eggs in the presence of 20e. we found female-specific taste sensilla on the tarsi that respond to 20e at concentrations as low as 10(-6) m, a threshold comparable to that of larvae. however, in choice tests, females laid a similar number of eggs on 20e-treated and on n ... | 2007 | 17514411 |
| diversity of detoxification pathways of ingested ecdysteroids among phytophagous insects. | the metabolic pathways of ingested ecdysteroids have been investigated in three insect species, the aphid myzus persicae and two lepidoptera, plodia interpunctella and ostrinia nubilalis. m. persicae produces mainly a 22-glucoside conjugate, whereas p. interpunctella eliminates a mixture of 20e and its 3-oxo and 3-epi derivatives, both in free form and as conjugates with various fatty acids. o. nubilalis only produces fatty acyl ester conjugates. these data point out the great diversity of detox ... | 2007 | 17523174 |
| leucine transport is affected by bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in brush border membrane vesicles from ostrinia nubilalis hb (lepidoptera: pyralidae) and sesamia nonagrioides lefebvre (lepidoptera: noctuidae) midgut. | the pore-forming activity of cry1ab, cry1fa and cry1ca toxins and their interaction with leucine transport mediated by the k(+)/leucine cotransporter were studied in brush border membrane vesicles (bbmvs) isolated from the midgut of ostrinia nubilalis and sesamia nonagrioides. in both species, as in other lepidoptera, leucine uptake by bbmvs can take place in the absence of cations, but it can also be driven by a k(+) gradient. experiments with the voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye 3,3'-diethylt ... | 2007 | 17558532 |
| assortative mating between european corn borer pheromone races: beyond assortative meeting. | sex pheromone communication systems may be a major force driving moth speciation by causing behavioral reproductive isolation via assortative meeting of conspecific individuals. the 'e' and 'z' pheromone races of the european corn borer (ecb) are a textbook example in this respect. 'z' females produce and 'z' males preferentially respond to a 'z' pheromone blend, while the 'e' race communicates via an 'e' blend. both races do not freely hybridize in nature and their populations are genetically d ... | 2007 | 17579726 |
| insect pest densities across site-specific management zones of irrigated corn in northeastern colorado. | the ability to manage insect pests in a site-specific manner is hindered by the costs and time required to describe pest densities and distributions. the purpose of this study was to determine whether insect pest distributions are related to site-specific management zones (ssmzs). site-specific management zones, as described in this study, delineate fields into three zones of similar yield potential: high, medium, and low productivity. if insect densities vary across ssmzs, it is possible that m ... | 2007 | 17598539 |
| molecular differentiation at nuclear loci in french host races of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). | french populations of the european corn borer consist of two sympatric and genetically differentiated host races. as such, they are well suited to study processes that could be involved in sympatric speciation, but the initial conditions of host-race divergence need to be elucidated. gene genealogies can provide insight into the processes involved in speciation. we used dna sequences of four nuclear genes to (1) document the genetic structure of the two french host races previously delineated wi ... | 2007 | 17603115 |
| altered olfactory receptor neuron responsiveness in rare ostrinia nubilalis males attracted to the o. furnacalis pheromone blend. | three percent of e-strain ostrinia nubilalis males fly upwind in response to the ostrinia furnacalis pheromone blend [a 40:60 ratio of (e)-12-tetradecenyl acetate to (z)-12-tetradecenyl acetate (e12-14:oac to z12-14:oac)], in addition to their own pheromone blend [a 99:1 ratio of (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate to (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate) (e11-14:oac to z11-14:oac)]. we assessed the olfactory receptor neuron (orn) responses of these behaviorally "rare" males versus those of normal males. for the ... | 2007 | 17624366 |
| functional comparison of full-length and n-terminal-truncated octopamine transporters from lepidoptera. | we have cloned two new lepidopteran octopamine transporters (oats), members of the solute-linked carrier family 6 (slc6) of nutrient transporters, from the cns of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis and the cabbage white pieris rapae. comparison of these sequences with the previously cloned oat from the cabbage looper trichoplusia ni showed that the t. ni oat sequence previously reported was truncated by 74 amino acids at the n-terminus. the cytoplasmic n-termini deduced here are consider ... | 2007 | 17681232 |
| comparison of broiler performance and carcass parameters when fed diets containing combined trait insect-protected and glyphosate-tolerant corn (mon 89034 x nk603), control, or conventional reference corn. | a 42-d floor pen study was conducted to compare broiler (ross x ross 308) performance and carcass measurements when fed diets containing lepidopteran-protected corn combined with glyphosate-tolerant corn (mon 89034 x nk603) with those of broilers fed diets containing corn grain from the conventional control (similar genetic background to the test corn) and 6 conventional corn hybrids. it has been found that mon 89034 produces the cry1a.105 and cry2ab2 insecticidal proteins that protect corn plan ... | 2007 | 17704388 |
| sympatric host races of the european corn borer: adaptation to host plants and hybrid performance. | the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis, is a major pest of maize crops. in europe, two sympatric host races are found: one feeds on maize (zea mays) and the other mainly on mugwort (artemisia vulgaris). the two host races are genetically differentiated, seldom crossing in the laboratory or in the field, and females preferentially lay eggs on their native host species. we conducted two independent experiments, in field and greenhouse conditions, to determine whether the two host races ... | 2007 | 17714289 |
| development and characterization of a continuous cell line, afkm-on-h, from hemocytes of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera, pyralidae). | the corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a very important pest in different countries, and the in vitro system of the insect could be a useful tool for isolation and characterization of the pathogens and physiological responses of the insect. in this context, a cell line was derived from the hemocytes of the european corn borer and was named afkm-on-h for, respectively, o. nubilalis, armand frappier, king mongkut institutes, and hemocytes. this cell line was initiated and maintained in ex-cell 400 ... | 2007 | 17846857 |
| effect of age and mating status on adult european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) dispersal from small-grain aggregation plots. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is often controlled with genetically modified corn, zea mays l., hybrids (bacillus thuringiensis [bt] corn) in the united states. if bt-resistant insects are detected in the field, mitigation-remediation tactics must be implemented to sustain the efficacy of insecticidal, transgenic corn. mass releasing laboratory-reared, susceptible adults near aggregation sites to mate with locally emerging resistant adults is a pos ... | 2007 | 17849859 |
| influence of plant severing on movement of ostrinia nubilalis larvae in zea mays hybrid seed production fields. | genetically engineered corn hybrids that contain a cry gene from the bacterium bacillus thuringiensis berliner (bt) are gaining popularity for controlling the corn pest ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). continuous use of bt corn, however, could select for o. nubilalis that are resistant to this corn. monitoring for insect resistance is important, because it could help maintain the bt technology. a possible monitoring method is to collect larval insects in commercial drying bins after harvest from bt ... | 2007 | 17849861 |
| broiler performance and carcass characteristics when fed diets containing lysine maize (ly038 or ly038 x mon 810), control, or conventional reference maize. | lysine maize (zea mays), ly038, was developed through the application of modern biotechnology to accumulate free lys in the germ portion of maize grain and provide an alternative to direct addition of supplemental lys to poultry diets. maize ly038 x mon 810 was produced by conventional breeding of ly038 with mon 810, which provides the corn plant protection against feeding damage from the european corn borer. a 42-d broiler feeding study (10 pens of 10 male cobb x cobb 500 broilers/treatment) wa ... | 2007 | 17878445 |
| topical, residual and ovicidal contact toxicity of three reduced-risk insecticides against the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae), on potato. | the goal of the research was to gather efficacy data required to introduce reduced-risk insecticides in sustainable control programs for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hubner, on potato. | 2007 | 17890653 |
| f2 screen for resistance to a bacillus thuringiensis-maize hybrid in the sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | a novel f2 screening technique was developed for detecting resistance in sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.), to transgenic bacillus thuringiensis (bt)-maize expressing the cry1ab insecticidal protein. the f2 screening method involved (i) collecting larvae from maize fields; (ii) establishing two-parent families; (iii) screening f2 neonates for survival on bt-maize leaf tissues; and (iv) confirming resistance on commercial bt-maize plants. with the f2 screening method, 213 iso-line famili ... | 2007 | 17916262 |
| foraging for intermittently refuged prey: theory and field observations of a parasitoid. | many insect herbivores feed in concealed locations but become accessible intermittently, creating windows of greater vulnerability to attack, and generating a proportion of the prey population that is readily accessible to foraging natural enemies. we incorporated accessible prey into an extant optimal foraging model, and found that this addition allowed opportunistic exploitation of prey that have already emerged from refugia (the leaving strategy) as a viable strategy, in addition to waiting a ... | 2007 | 17922721 |
| monitoring of european corn borer with pheromone-baited traps: review of trapping system basics and remaining problems. | since the identification of female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) pheromone, pheromone-baited traps have been regarded as a promising tool to monitor populations of this pest. this article reviews the literature produced on this topic since the 1970s. its aim is to provide extension entomologists and other researchers with all the necessary information to establish an efficient trapping procedure for this moth. the different pheromone races of the european corn borer are descri ... | 2007 | 18232396 |
| dipel-selected ostrinia nubilalis larvae are not resistant to transgenic corn expressing bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab. | the survival of ks-sc dipel-resistant and -susceptible european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), was evaluated on different tissues from corn, zea mays l., hybrids, including a nontransgenic and two transgenic corn plants (events mon810 and bt11) expressing high doses of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1ab. the survival of bt-resistant and -susceptible third instars was similar after a 5-d exposure to transgenic plant tissues. survivors eventually died when returned to bt corn tissues, bu ... | 2007 | 18232404 |
| evaluation of transgenic bacillus thuringiensis corn hybrids against cry1ab-susceptible and -resistant sugarcane borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | a louisiana strain of the sugarcane borer, diatraea saccharalis (f.) (lepidoptera: crambidae), was selected for resistance to the crylab protein of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) by using an f2 screening procedure. survival of bt-resistant, -susceptible, and -heterozygous genotypes of sugarcane borer was evaluated on vegetative and reproductive stages of five non-bt and seven bt field corn, zea mays l., hybrids in a greenhouse study. larval survival was recorded 21 d after infestation of neonates o ... | 2007 | 18232406 |
| differences in oviposition behaviour of two sympatric sibling species of the genus ostrinia. | changes in host preferences are thought to be a major source of genetic divergence between phytophagous insect taxa. in western europe, two sympatric taxa, o. nubilalis (the european corn borer) and o. scapulalis, feed mainly on maize and hop or mugwort, respectively. these two species may have diverged without geographic isolation after a host shift of ancestral populations onto maize or another cultivated species (e.g. sorghum). a previous study using inbred laboratory strains revealed that th ... | 2008 | 18257953 |
| microbial populations and enzyme activities in soil in situ under transgenic corn expressing cry proteins from bacillus thuringiensis. | transgenic bt crops produce insecticidal cry proteins that are released to soil in plant residues, root exudates, and pollen and that may affect soil microorganisms. as a continuation of studies in the laboratory and a plant-growth room, a field study was conducted at the rosemount experiment station of the university of minnesota. three bt corn varieties that express the cry1ab protein, which is toxic to the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis hübner), and one bt corn variety that expresses ... | 2008 | 18396552 |
| evaluating popcorn as a potential refuge of ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | popcorn was evaluated in a series of experiments conducted over four growing seasons for its potential as a refuge for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). objectives of these studies were to determine whether more larvae were produced in popcorn than in field corn and to determine how popcorn influenced female oviposition and larval distribution in neighboring field corn. two varieties of popcorn (m140, 105d and m3374y, 118d), one mixture of popcorn (50% 105d and 50% 118d), and fie ... | 2008 | 18419936 |
| frequency and severity of western bean cutworm (lepidoptera: noctuidae) ear damage in transgenic corn hybrids expressing different bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins. | the frequency and severity of corn ear damage caused by western bean cutworm, striacosta albicosta (smith), were measured on transgenic corn, zea mays l., hybrids expressing two different insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis (bt) (berliner) cry toxins (bt) selected to protect against damage caused by larval european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). a field cage experiment deliberately infested with western bean cutworm egg masses resulted in less damage in the hybrid expressing the cry1f ... | 2008 | 18459424 |
| composition of forage and grain from second-generation insect-protected corn mon 89034 is equivalent to that of conventional corn (zea mays l.). | insect-protected corn hybrids containing cry insecticidal proteins derived from bacillus thuringiensis have protection from target pests and provide effective management of insect resistance. mon 89034 hybrids have been developed that produce both the cry1a.105 and cry2ab2 proteins, which provide two independent modes of insecticidal action against the european corn borer ( ostrinia nubilalis ) and other lepidopteran insect pests of corn. the composition of mon 89034 corn was compared to convent ... | 2008 | 18489113 |
| impact of insecticide treatments on ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae) and their influence on the mycotoxin contamination of maize kernels. | european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), is the main maize pest in central and southern europe and promotes the infection of maize with fusarium spp., which produce mycotoxins. the objective of this study was to determine the effect of insecticide treatments on ecb damage, fusarium infection and mycotoxin contamination. the field experiments were performed from 2000 to 2006 in three locations in north-western italy. at harvest, ears were rated for the incidence and severity of ecb ... | 2008 | 18537120 |
| landscape refuges delay resistance of the european corn borer to bt-maize: a demo-genetic dynamic model. | we constructed a reaction-diffusion model of the development of resistance to transgenic insecticidal bt crops in pest populations. kostitzin's demo-genetic model describes local interactions between three competing pest genotypes with alleles conferring resistance or susceptibility to transgenic plants, the spatial spread of insects being modelled by diffusion. this new approach makes it possible to combine a spatial demographic model of population dynamics with classical genetic theory. we use ... | 2008 | 18572213 |
| comparison and validation of methods to quantify cry1ab toxin from bacillus thuringiensis for standardization of insect bioassays. | standardization of toxin preparations derived from bacillus thuringiensis (berliner) used in laboratory bioassays is critical for accurately assessing possible changes in the susceptibility of field populations of target pests. different methods were evaluated to quantify cry1ab, the toxin expressed by 80% of the commercially available transgenic maize that targets the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). we compared three methods of quantification on three different toxin preparati ... | 2008 | 17981939 |
| patch edges and insect populations. | responses of insect populations may be related to patch size and patch edge responses, but it is not clear how to identify these rapidly. we used a random-walk model to identify three qualitative responses to edges: no edge effect (the null model), reflecting edges and absorbing edges. interestingly, no edge effect meant that abundance was lower at edges than in the center of patches, and reflecting edges have similar abundance at edges and centers. we then characterized several insect species' ... | 2008 | 18157553 |
| inheritance of cry1f resistance in laboratory-selected european corn borer and its survival on transgenic corn expressing the cry1f toxin. | a major assumption of the high-dose/refuge strategy proposed for insect resistance management strategies for transgenic crop plants that express toxins from bacillus thuringiensis is that resistance traits that evolve in pest species will be recessive. the inheritance of cry1f resistance and larval survival on commercially available cry1f corn hybrids were determined in a laboratory-selected strain of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), displaying more than 3000-fold resistance to ... | 2008 | 18631419 |
| olfactory neuron responsiveness and pheromone blend preference in hybrids between ostrinia furnacalis and ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the olfactory receptor neuron (orn) and behavioral responses of hybrids between the asian corn borer (acb), ostrinia furnacalis, and the e-strain european corn borer (ecb(e)), ostrinia nubilalis were examined and compared to the parental populations. in hybrids and both parents, the large-spike-size orn was capable of responding to all four pheromone components of acb and ecb, despite differences in which compounds elicited the greatest spike frequency in each population. there was a small-spiki ... | 2008 | 18634788 |
| mining an ostrinia nubilalis midgut expressed sequence tag (est) library for candidate genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps). | genes expressed in lepidopteran midgut tissues are involved in digestion and bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxin resistance traits. five hundred and thirty five unique transcripts were annotated from 1745 high quality o. nubilalis larval midgut expressed sequence tags (ests). full-length cdna sequence of 12 putative serine proteinase genes and 3 partial o. nubilalis aminopeptidase n protein genes, apn1, apn3, and apn4, were obtained, and genes may have roles in plant feeding and bt toxin resistanc ... | 2008 | 19133073 |
| use of spectral vegetation indices derived from airborne hyperspectral imagery for detection of european corn borer infestation in iowa corn plots. | eleven spectral vegetation indices that emphasize foliar plant pigments were calculated using airborne hyperspectral imagery and evaluated in 2004 and 2005 for their ability to detect experimental plots of corn manually inoculated with ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) neonate larvae. manual inoculations were timed to simulate infestation of corn, zea mays l., by first and second flights of adult o. nubilalis. the ability of spectral vegetation indices to detect o. nubilalis-inoculated plots improved ... | 2008 | 18950044 |
| evidence for obligate migratory flight behavior in young european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) females. | european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, flight behavior was examined in laboratory experiments. adults were each tethered to 1 of 16 round-about flight mills in an environmental chamber, and the data were relayed to a computer. parameters analyzed included duration, distance, and speed of the longest continuous flight and total flight time during an 8-h night. comparisons were made between unmated and mated adults of both sexes at different ages up to 5 d after emergence. for unmated females, d ... | 2008 | 19036208 |
| genetic variability of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, suggests gene flow between populations in the midwestern united states. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a widely distributed and serious economic pest to corn production in the u.s. genetic variability of o. nubilalis was studied in 18 sub-populations in the upper midwestern united states using amplified fragment length polymorphism. the relatively low gst values indicate that more variation exists within populations than between populations. high gene flow (nm) values were indicated across the entire o. nubilalis po ... | 2008 | 20307230 |
| permanent genetic resources: isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci from the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (insecta: lepidoptera: crambidae). | few useful microsatellites are available for population studies of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). an enrichment strategy was used to develop microsatellite markers for o. nubilalis, and over 500 positive clones were isolated. seventy-five contained unique microsatellites, 10 of which were polymorphic with discernable polymerase chain reaction products. the 10 loci were surveyed for variability in 72 wild individuals from central iowa. five loci showed no deviation from har ... | 2008 | 21585805 |
| reversed functional topology in the antennal lobe of the male european corn borer. | the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) is a model of evolution of sexual communication in insects. two pheromone strains produce and respond to opposite ratios of the two pheromone components, z11 and e11-tetradecenylacetate. the z-strain uses a ratio of 97:3 of z11:e11 tetradecenylacetate, whereas the e-strain uses a ratio of 1:99. we studied how the difference in male preference correlates with differences in wiring of olfactory input and output neurons in the antennal lobe (al). ... | 2008 | 18723543 |
| european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) infestation level and plant growth stage on whole-plant corn yield grown for silage in virginia. | field experiments were conducted in 2004 and 2005 to determine the effect of different levels of hand-infested third instar european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hiibner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), on whole-plant yield and plant growth stage in corn, zea mays l., grown for silage. in 2004 and 2005, european corn borer infestation level had a significant negative impact on whole-plant yield (grams of dry matter per plant) with increasing infestation; however, whole-plant yield was not significa ... | 2009 | 20069843 |
| field trials to evaluate effects of bt-transgenic silage corn expressing the cry1ab insecticidal toxin on non-target soil arthropods in northern new england, usa. | traditionally, control of european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) hübner has been achieved through the use of chemical insecticides. with increasing emphasis on reducing pesticide inputs in agricultural production, alternative management technologies are now being used including transgenic silage corn modified to express cry1ab protein toxins derived from bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner. the cry1ab toxin is expressed by all plant cells and throughout the growing season. furthermore, the to ... | 2009 | 19083116 |
| variability in the cadherin gene in an ostrinia nubilalis strain selected for cry1ab resistance. | transgenic corn expressing cry1ab (a bacillus thuringiensis toxin) is highly effective in the control of ostrinia nubilalis. for its toxic action, cry1ab has to bind to specific insect midgut proteins. to date, in three lepidoptera species resistance to a cry1a toxin has been conferred by mutations in cadherin, a protein of the lepidoptera midgut membrane. the implication of cadherin in the resistance of an ostrinia nubilalis colony (europe-r) selected with bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab protoxin ... | 2009 | 19114103 |
| repetitive genome elements in a european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, bacterial artificial chromosome library were indicated by bacterial artificial chromosome end sequencing and development of sequence tag site markers: implications for lepidopteran genomic research. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is a serious pest of food, fiber, and biofuel crops in europe, north america, and asia and a model system for insect olfaction and speciation. a bacterial artificial chromosome library constructed for o. nubilalis contains 36 864 clones with an estimated average insert size of >or=120 kb and genome coverage of 8.8-fold. screening onb1 clones comprising approximately 2.76 genome equivalents determined the physical position of 24 sequence tag site marke ... | 2009 | 19132072 |
| toxicity and disruption of midgut physiology in larvae of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, by anion transporter blockers. | in this study, four blockers of anion transporters (ats) belonging to four different classes of organic acids, including dids (4, 4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2, 2'- disulfonic acid; a stilbene disulfonic acid), nppb [(5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid; an anthranilic acid)], 9-ac (anthracene-9-carboxylic acid; an aromatic carboxylic acid), and iaa-94 (indanyloxy acetic acid; an indanyloxy alkanoic acid), were tested for their toxicity against the european corn borer (ecb), ostrinia nu ... | 2009 | 19140151 |
| hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one: key defense chemicals of cereals. | many cereals accumulate hydroxamic acids derived from 2-hydroxy-2h-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4h)-one. these benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids are involved in defense of maize against various lepidopteran pests, most notably the european corn borer, in defense of cereals against various aphid species, and in allelopathy affecting the growth of weeds associated with rye and wheat crops. the role of benzoxazinoid hydroxamic acids in defense against fungal infection is less clear and seems to depend on the natu ... | 2009 | 19199602 |
| ionizing radiation as a phytosanitary treatment against european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in ambient, low oxygen, and cold conditions. | the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae), is a quarantine pest for several fresh commodities, including corn-on-the-cob, bell peppers, and green beans. methyl bromide fumigation is the usual phytosanitary treatment, but the fumigant is under increasing regulation as a stratospheric ozone-depleting substance. ionizing radiation is a relatively new commercial alternative that is currently used in several countries. the present research explored radiation doses ... | 2009 | 19253619 |