Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| strain susceptibility to the european corn-borer and the cornleaf aphid in maize. | 1940 | 17758827 | |
| a chemical treatment of soil which produces plant tissue lethal to european corn borer. | 1947 | 18858115 | |
| european corn borer control on canning corn. | 1947 | 20264507 | |
| insecticides to control the european corn borer in field corn. | 1947 | 20264508 | |
| variations in the seasonal history of the european corn borer in ohio. | 1947 | 20264509 | |
| manual infestation of dent corn to study resistance to european corn borer. | 1947 | 20271896 | |
| tests of sweet corn lines for resistance to european corn borer larvae. | 1948 | 18886402 | |
| nutrition of the european corn borer, pyrausta nubilalis (hbn.). ii. some effects of diet on larval growth characteristics. | 1950 | 14786055 | |
| observations on perezia pyraustae paillot, a microsporidian parasite of the european corn borer. | 1952 | 14928152 | |
| nutrition of the european corn borer, pyrausta nubilalis (hbn). iii. an unidentified dietary factor required for larval growth. | 1. the european corn borer larva has been shown to require a dietary source of one or more unidentified factors contained in corn leaves, grass juice concentrate, and certain other plant materials. the required factor or factors has been termed the corn leaf factor. 2. the corn leaf factor does not appear to be identical with any of the known b vitamins, or with ascorbic acid, sodium nucleate, citrovorum factor, or carnitine. 3. the corn leaf factor is heat-stable, acid-stable, water-soluble, an ... | 1953 | 13022929 |
| the european corn borer, pyrausta nubilalis (hubn), and its principal host plant. v. a chemical study of host plant resistance. | 1957 | 16655015 | |
| growth inhibition of insects and a fungus by indole-3-acetonitrile. | indole-3-acetonitrile obtained from cabbage has been found to inhibit growth of pyrausta nubilalis (hbn.), galleria mellonella (l.), and penicillium chrysogenum. | 1961 | 17754432 |
| hormonal activation of the insect brain. | a new endocrine function has been shown to play a role in insect morphogenesis. the hormone named proctodone is secreted by specialized cells of the hindgut and appears to affect the brain, resulting in the activation of the brain hormone-producing system. proctodone has been found in two lepidopterous species-ostrinia nubilalis and galleria mellonella. in the o. nubilalis, proctodone plays a part in both photoperiodism and diapause. | 1964 | 14080315 |
| proctodone production in the european corn border, ostrinia nubilalis. | 1965 | 14330762 | |
| water intake and the termination of diapause in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | 1967 | 6046967 | |
| histochemistry of the ileum of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | 1968 | 5761667 | |
| fine structure of endocrine hindgut cells of a lepidopteran, ostrinia nubilalis (hübn.). | 1969 | 4893053 | |
| effects of ultrasound on capture of heliothis zea and ostrinia nubilalis moths in traps equipped with ultraviolet lamps. | 1969 | 5374163 | |
| acoustic sensitivity of the european corn borer moth, ostrinia nubilalis. | 1969 | 5374173 | |
| cis-11-tetradecenyl acetate, a sex stimulant of the european corn borer. | 1970 | 5431673 | |
| photoperiod manipulation of insect diapause: a method of pest control? | extension of day length by artificial light in selected field plots in the fall prevented 76 percent of european corn borer [ostrinia nubilalis (hübner)] larvae and 70 percent of codling moth [laspeyresia pomonella (l.)] larvae from entering diapause. nondiapausing insects cannot survive rigorous winter conditions. | 1970 | 5450372 |
| mating behaviour of gamma irradiated and non irradiated european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). | 1971 | 5549755 | |
| reoccurrence of the microsporidan perezia pyraustae in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, reared on diet containing fumidil b. | 1971 | 5575742 | |
| hempa and metepa as chemosterilants of imagos of the european corn borer. | 1971 | 5122325 | |
| monoamine oxidase activity in larvae of the european corn borer. | 1972 | 5085776 | |
| control of the european corn borer with two varieties of bacillus thuringiensis. | 1972 | 5085806 | |
| field trials to control the european corn borer with insecticides. | 1973 | 4690278 | |
| insect sex pheromones: minor amount of opposite geometrical isomer critical to attraction. | (z)-ii-tetradecenyl acetate is the reported sex pheromone of european corn borer and redbanded leafroller moths. however, geometrically pure preparations of the compound are weakly attractive to these species. presence of the e geometrical isomer in the z is necessary for maximum sex attraction and these moths are "tuned" to respond optimally to specific proportions of z to e. this discovery is important to considerations of moth pheromonal specificity, evolution, and in application of knowledge ... | 1973 | 17736980 |
| recent research advances on the european corn borer in north america. | 1975 | 234710 | |
| comparative ultrastructure and blood-brain barrier in diapause and nondiapause larvae of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). | ultrastructural examination of diapause and nondiapause larval brains of the european corn borer disclosed anatomical differences that may be related to the insect's "blood-barrier". the perineurial type i cells are quite closely appressed in the diapause brain, but thrown into extensive folds with large intercellular spaces in the nondiapause brain. the perineurial type ii cells of diapause and nondiapause larvae are basically similar in general ultrastructure, and most likely form the basis fo ... | 1975 | 126807 |
| ammonium sulfate activation of phosphodiesterase in homogenates of larvae of the european corn borer. | european corn borer phosphodiesterase is highly activated by (nh4)2so4 and moderately activated by nh4c1 (ph 7.6, 33 degrees). vertebrate and crayfish diesterases, on the other hand, are inhibited by (nh4)2so4. it is likely that (nh4)2so4 causes some configurational change in the european corn borer phosphodiesterase molecule which results in the exposure of more active sites and hence greater enzyme activity. in in vitro tests caffeine (0.008 m) and theophylline (0.008 m) inhibit phosphodiester ... | 1976 | 180541 |
| insect photoperiodism: the "t experiment" as evidence for an hourglass mechanism. | "t experiments" demonstrate that the clock controlling termination of larval diapause in ostrinia nubilalis is an hourglass mechanism that measures 8 hours of darkness. circadian oscillations are not involved in photoperiodic time measurement in this species. | 1976 | 1257756 |
| [the effect of continuous rearing on an artificial diet on the physiology of a lepidopteran, ostrinia nubilalis hübner]. | rearing on an artificial diet during 20 successive generations had important consequences on the physiology of a lepidopteran, ostrinia nubilalis hbn. this laboratory strain was found less virulent than the one from nature. if the causes of this weakness can be of genetic as well as of pathological origin, it is probable that such strains cannot be utilized, without risk, in the studies on resistance of maize lines. | 1976 | 816540 |
| role of phermones and kairmones for insect suppression systems and their possible health and environmental impacts. | insects produce pheromones as a chemical communication system to facilitate reproduction. these highly active chemical attractants have been synthesized for some of the most important insect pests, including the boll weevil, gypsy moth, codling moth, tobacco budworm, european corn borer, and several bark beetles. while none of the synthetic sex attractants have yet been developed for use in insect control, they offer opportunities for the future both as control agents and to greatly improved ins ... | 1976 | 789061 |
| aspergilus flavus and aflatoxin in iowa corn before harvest. | aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin were detected in ears of iowa corn on plants before harvest in 1975. presence of the fungus was associated with kernel injury caused by the second generation european corn borer. amounts of aflatoxin b1 in corn from a limited number of selected ears ranged from 1 part per billion to 1560 parts per billion with a mean of 430 parts per billion. | 1976 | 821144 |
| distribution of putative neurotransmitters in the brain of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | 1977 | 22570 | |
| european corn borer: pheromone polymorphism or sibling species? | electrophoretic analyses of the (z) and (e) pheromone-attracted males of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), the european corn borer, in an area of coexistence indicate that these strains are not freely interbreeding. although the populations are morphologically indistinguishable, studies of allozyme, pheromone, and hybridization suggest that the (z) and (e) entities are genetically differentiated, perhaps to the status of semi- or sibling species. | 1978 | 17750022 |
| a bioassay for plant-derived pest control agents using the european corn borer. | 1979 | 528746 | |
| circadian control of oviposition activity in ostrinia nubilalis. | oviposition activity in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, is under circadian control. light cycles entrain the rhythm, and the system free-runs in constant darkness (dd) with a circadian period (tau). the lability of tau is evident in the dd free runs following entrainment to various light cycles. oviposition activity is strongly suppressed in constant light but a circadian rhythm is initiated upon transfer to dd. the phase-response curve (prc) for 1-h light pulses is type 1, not type ... | 1980 | 7435596 |
| a critical examination of the dual system theory in ostrinia nubilalis. | beck's dual system theory (dst) is examined theoretically and experimentally by investigating the oviposition rhythm of ostrinia nubilalis and its entrainment by light cycles. several well-known circadian phenomena are not accounted for by the dst. 1) it does not generate transient cycles when light pulses fall during the advance portion of the circadian cycle. this is also reflected in dst-predicted phase-response curves (prc's) for both drosophila pseudoobscura and o. nubilalis. steady-state p ... | 1981 | 7304776 |
| toxicity of bacillus thuringiensis spo cr mutants for the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. | inclusion bodies isolated from spo cr mutants of bacillus thuringiensis were toxic for larvae of the european corn borer. probit analysis revealed comparable toxicity between wild-type crystals (isolated from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki) and crystals produced from two spore-free mutants of the same subspecies. death of the larvae was due to starvation, presumably through delta-endotoxin-induced gut paralysis. inclusion bodies pretreated with alpha-chymotrypsinogen were equally as toxic as n ... | 1981 | 16345839 |
| biological activities oftrewia nudiflora extracts against certain economically important insect pests. | an ethanol extract oftrewia nudiflora (euphorbiaceae) seed was tested as an agent for controlling several economically important insects. results suggest that this plant extract acts as an antifeedant for the spotted cucumber beetle (diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi barber) and the european corn borer [ostrinia nubilalis (hübner)] but not for the other insects tested. also indicated were morphogenic effects on the codlingmoth [laspeyresia pomonella (l.)], disruption of the normal life cycle of ... | 1982 | 24414952 |
| insect photoperiodism: diversity of results in night-break experiments, including nonresponsiveness to light. | three night-break experiment protocols were utilized in an attempt to help clarify the role of the circadian system in photoperiodic time measurement in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. larvae raised in a light-dark (ld) cycle consisting of 12 hr of light alternating with 12 hr of darkness (ld 12:12), at a constant temperature of 30 degrees c, enter a state of arrested growth and development known as diapause (takeda and skopik, 1985). in the present research (experiment 1), the indu ... | 1986 | 2979587 |
| photoperiodism in ostrinia nubilalis: a new protocol for the analysis of the role of the circadian system. | a 12-hr dark period, at a temperature high enough to permit time measurement to occur, is necessary for maximal induction of larval diapause in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. in the present study, induction of diapause only occurred in a periodic environment. this was in the form of certain (1) light-dark (ld) cycles at a constant temperature; (2) thermoperiods in constant darkness (dd), but not constant illumination (ll); and (3) ld cycles with concurrent thermoperiods. a light-br ... | 1986 | 2979580 |
| photoperiodic control of diapause induction and termination in ostrinia nubilalis: two different clocks? | both diapause induction and diapause termination are under photoperiodic control in the lepidopteran, ostrinia nubilalis. in the present study, induction of diapause was maximal in light-dark (ld) cycles that contained 12 hr of light alternating with 12 hr of darkness (ld 12:12). termination of diapause was maximal in ld 16:8. diapause termination also occurred rapidly in non-24-hr ld cycles that possessed an 8-hr dark phase. in each of these cases, the period of the ld cycle was not important. ... | 1986 | 2979579 |
| action spectra for prevention or termination of diapause in three species of lepidoptera. | action spectra for photoperiodic induction or termination of diapause in three species of lepidoptera were determined by synchronizing the appropriate stage in an ld 16:8 regimen in which a 12-hr day of cw fluorescent light was extended by 6 hr of spectral light. a combination of full- and half- silvered mirrors were used to direct the spectral light, which passed through appropriate combinations of interference filters onto each of the three groups of insects in each test conducted. the action ... | 1987 | 3601961 |
| mode of action of the sesquiterpene lactone, tenulin, from helenium amarum against herbivorous insects. | tenulin [1], a sesquiterpene lactone from helenuim amarum, is a potent antifeedant to the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis. at 3 mumol/g in artificial diets, 1 reduced growth and delayed larval development of o. nubilalis and the variegated cutworm peridroma saucia larvae. an especially pronouned carry-over effect in o. nubilis was substantial reduction in fecundity of adult moths resulting from treated larvae. the ld50 (lethal dose for 50% mortality) of 1 by injection in the migratory gra ... | 1987 | 3430166 |
| diapause induction and termination: north-south strain differences in ostrinia nubilalis. | diapause induction and termination responses of a northern strain (minnesota [mn]) of ostrinia nubilalis were compared with those of a southern strain (georgia [ga]). a thermoperiod in constant light (12 hr at 25 degrees c alternating with 12 hr at 4 degrees c) failed to induce diapause in ga larvae, but approximately 50% diapause induction was observed in the mn population. moreover, the 50% of mn larvae that continued their development (i.e., underwent pupation and adult development) did so at ... | 1987 | 2979648 |
| sex pheromone production and perception in european corn borer moths is determined by both autosomal and sex-linked genes. | inheritance patterns for sex pheromone production in females, pheromone detection on male antennal olfactory receptor cells, and male pheromone behavioral responses were studied in pheromonally distinct populations of european corn borers from new york state. gas chromatographic analyses of pheromone glands, single sensillum recordings, and flight tunnel behavioral analyses were carried out on progeny from reciprocal crosses, as well as on progeny from subsequent f(2) and maternal and paternal b ... | 1987 | 16593886 |
| no linkage between genes controlling female pheromone production and male pheromone response in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner (lepidoptera; pyralidae). | the e and z pheromonal strains of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis, are characterized by female production of and male preference for opposite blends of (e)-11-and (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate. it is known that the pheromone production is controlled by an autosomal gene and that the males' behavior is determined by a sex-linked gene. a third gene, autosomally inherited, has been shown to determine the organization of the male pheromone receptors. in the present study the linkage relati ... | 1989 | 2599367 |
| [use of baculovector for the expression of hbsag gene in insect cells]. | based on the information of molecular biology of autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv), a recombinant transfer plasmid pacmv was constructed by molecular procedures included using two synthetic localized probes, which provided an inserted position linked with bamhi sequences nearly at polyhedrin initiating atg codon. then an expression vector pacmv-hbsag was reconstructed, it contained hbsag gene from subclone pypss-1 derived from adwserotype of hbv. the recombinant virus con ... | 1989 | 2800542 |
| sprayable self-encapsulating starch formulations for bacillus thuringiensis. | under glasshouse conditions, various cornstarches and adjuvants were examined as encapsulating agents in sprayable formulations for bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki berliner. when these materials were suspended in water and tested for physical factors such as viscosity, clumping, and retention on plant surfaces, a range of responses was observed. all formulations tested had acceptable viscosity, but some formulations clumped. when applied to cotton leaves, certain formulations remained les ... | 1990 | 2258512 |
| electrophoretic characterization of chromosomal dna from two microsporidia. | spores of two microsporidia, nosema pyrausta (from the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis) and n. furnacalis (from the asian corn borer, o. furnacalis) were harvested from laboratory-reared o. nubilalis caterpillars and purified by centrifugation through percoll. conditions permitting in vitro germination were defined for both species and found to be different. n. pyrausta spores were incubated in 0.1 n koh for 30 min, recovered by centrifugation, and resuspended in 1 ml of an equal mixture ... | 1990 | 2125628 |
| isolation of high-molecular-weight dna from insects. | a simple and rapid method for the isolation of high-molecular-weight dna from insects is described. the method does not require cscl ultracentrifugation or extensive dialysis. high-molecular-weight dna was obtained within 24 h. since the entire insect was used for dna isolation, an initial nuclei-enriched fraction was required. genomic dna was extracted from lysed nuclei by organic phase separation (liquid/liquid extraction). this method has been successfully applied to the isolation and purific ... | 1990 | 1693047 |
| isolation and characterization of a novel insecticidal crystal protein gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai. | bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai eg6346, a novel grain dust isolate, was analyzed by southern blot hybridization for its insecticidal crystal protein (icp) gene profile. strain eg6346 lacks previously characterized cryia icp genes yet does possess novel cryi-related gene sequences. a recombinant genomic plasmid library was constructed for strain eg6346 in escherichia coli. one recombinant plasmid, peg640, isolated from the library contained a novel icp gene on a 5.7-kb sau3a insert. the seq ... | 1991 | 2061280 |
| limonoid antifeedants from seed of sandoricum koetjape. | an extract of the seed of sandoricum koetjape has yielded two new limonoids, sandoricin [1] and 6-hydroxysandoricin [2]. both compounds are effective antifeedants when incorporated into artificial diets and fed to fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) or european corn borer (ostrina nubilalis) larvae. reduced growth rates and increased times to pupation were evident at lower dose levels while significant mortality was noted at higher dose levels. structures of both compounds were determined by 1 ... | 1991 | 2045819 |
| insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae: gene cloning and characterization and comparison with b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki cryia(c) toxins. | genes encoding insecticidal crystal proteins were cloned from three strains of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae and two strains of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. characterization of the b. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae toxin genes showed that they are most closely related to cryia(c) from b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the cloned genes were introduced into bacillus host strains, and the spectra of insecticidal activities of each cry protein were determined for six pest lepidopteran insec ... | 1991 | 2014985 |
| dithyreanitrile: an unusual insect antifeedant from dithyrea wislizenii. | dithyreanitrile, a novel sulfur-containing indole alkaloid, was isolated from the seeds of dithyrea wislizenii (cruciferae). dithyreanitrile inhibits feeding of fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) and european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) larvae. dithyreanitrile, the first natural product with two sulfur atoms and a nitrile attached to the same carbon, was characterized by x-ray diffraction, spectroscopy, and chemical synthesis. | 1991 | 2009944 |
| structural and functional changes associated with cyanogen bromide treatment of wheat germ agglutinin. | the lectin, wheat germ agglutinin (wga), has been shown to have a significant larvicidal effect on the european corn borer, a major insect pest of corn. in order to characterize this toxic effect, we have undertaken structure-function studies on wga. to this extent, the effect of cyanogen bromide (cnbr) on the conformation, subunit interactions, and biological activity of wga has been investigated. the cnbr-modified lectin exhibits no toxicity to the ecb, cannot dimerize, does not bind to n-acet ... | 1991 | 1898037 |
| sexual dimorphism of tarsal receptors and sensory equipment of the ovipositor in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis. | sensilla on legs and ovipositor of the moth ostrinia nubilalis were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy. the ovipositor is composed of two papillae densely packed with medium length mechanoreceptor sensilla (mrb: 80-160 microns, n = 420-460). long mechanoreceptor sensilla (mra: 250-300 microns, n = 20-24) and contact chemoreceptors (cra: 30-40 microns, n = 20-28) are evenly distributed at the periphery of these papillae. legs support contact chemoreceptors (cra), scattered amo ... | 1992 | 1571964 |
| use of solid state fermentation to produce beauveria bassiana for the biological control of european corn borer. | the production process of a new bioinsecticide against european corn borer is described. the entomopathogenic fungus, beauveria bassiana, is cultivated by solid state fermentation (ssf). the culture support chosen, clay microgranules, humidified with optimal nutritive solution, is incubated in optimal conditions during 48 hours, then dried for 5 days. the bioinsecticide can be directly used after harvesting, without formulation. this process is original for several reasons : - the granulometry ( ... | 1993 | 14545678 |
| biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins. | biotinylation of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) was evaluated for its potential use in an alternative icp screening method and in the characterization of icp receptors. in vivo biological activity of cryia(b), as inferred from bioassays with manduca sexta and ostrinia nubilalis and from histopathological effects on o. nubilalis midgut cells induced by force feeding, was not affected by biotinylation at moderate biotinylation ratios. a competitive radioreceptor assay ... | 1993 | 16348959 |
| two different bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin receptors in the midgut brush border membrane of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | binding of three bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal proteins (icps) to the midgut epithelium of ostrinia nubilalis larvae was characterized by performing binding experiments with both isolated brush border membrane vesicles and gut tissue sections. our results demonstrate that two independent icp receptors are present in the brush border of o. nubilalis gut epithelium. from competition binding experiments performed with i-labeled and native icps it was concluded that cryia(b) and cryia( ... | 1993 | 16348960 |
| integrative cloning, expression, and stability of the cryia(c) gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in a recombinant strain of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis. | a bacterial endophyte was engineered for insecticidal activity against the european corn borer. the cryia(c) gene from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was introduced into the chromosome of clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis by using an integrative plasmid vector. the integration vectors pcg740 and pcg741 included the replicon pgem5zf(+), which is maintained in escherichia coli but not in c. xyli subsp. cynodontis; tetm as a marker for selection in c. xyli subsp. cynodontis; and a chromoso ... | 1994 | 16349179 |
| morphological characteristics of antennal sensilla in the european cornborer ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | the european cornborer antenna is filiform in both sexes, but exhibits a substantially larger diameter in the males. on the antenna of both sexes, the following sensillum types were characterized: sensilla trichodea, s. basiconica, s. auricillica, s. coeloconica, s. chaetica and s. styloconica. long dorsal bristles were of a chaetic type. an intermediate trichoid/basiconic type was found in low numbers on the ventral part of the antenna. in the male, three different morphological types of s. tri ... | 1994 | 18621276 |
| correlation between dendrite diameter and action potential amplitude in sex pheromone specific receptor neurons in male ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | outer dendritic segments of olfactory receptor neurons tuned to sex pheromone components were measured morphometrically on the antenna of male european corn borers. ostrinia nubilalis, to determine if a correlation exists between the diameter of the outer dendritic segment and the spike amplitude. the olfactory sensilla investigated each contained three receptor cells. two cells were each specific for one of the two pheromone components, (z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (z11-14:oac) and (e)-11-tetrad ... | 1994 | 18621277 |
| a new risk of occupational disease: allergic asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis in persons working with beneficial arthropods. preliminary data. | for some years, biological pest control has been re-evaluated as an alternative to the indiscriminate use of pesticides. the number of "bio-factories" in europe has been constantly increasing and today more than 100 technicians work in mass rearing of arthropods. seven cases of asthma and allergic rhinitis are reported in 13 workers engaged in the production of beneficial arthropods. the subjects suffered from attacks of asthma and rhinitis when they came into contact with eggs and scales or was ... | 1994 | 8175182 |
| chaos: a potential problem in the biological control of insect pests. | erratic variations are normally observed in the populations of insect pests that destroy crop plants. to establish a scientific basis for developing effective control procedures, we have developed a model system for the european corn borer (ecb) (ostrinia nubilalis) for which extensive field data, as well as laboratory results, have been accumulated during the past four decades. the model includes both a natural ecb pathogen and a genetically engineered toxin-producing agent as possible means of ... | 1995 | 7734855 |
| allozyme differentiation among nine populations of the corn borer (ostrinia) in china. | to test the hypothesis of the migration of the corn borer, the allozymes of nine populations of the corn borer (ostrinia) in china were checked using vertical-slab polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. eight loci of six allozymes were analyzed. the mean of the genetic identities among the nine populations calculated from the allele frequencies was 0.99068, much closer than that of other species and geographical populations. the mean (0.97955) of the genetic identities between the xjyn population ( ... | 1995 | 8825941 |
| managing the evolution of insect resistance to transgenic plants. | the evolution of resistance in pests such as the european corn borer will imperil transgenic maize varieties that express insecticidal crystal proteins of bacillus thuringiensis. patchworks of treated and untreated fields can delay the evolution of pesticide resistance, but the untreated refuge fields are likely to sustain heavy damage. a strategy that exploits corn borer preferences and movements can eliminate this problem. computer simulation indicates that this approach can delay the evolutio ... | 1995 | 17797533 |
| a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with a high activity against members of the family noctuidae. | the full characterization of a novel insecticidal crystal protein, named cry9ca1 according to the revised nomenclature for cry proteins, from bacillus thuringiensis serovar tolworthi is reported. the crystal protein has 1,157 amino acids and a molecular mass of 129.8 kda. it has the typical features of the lepidoptera-active crystal proteins such as five conserved sequence blocks. also, it is truncated upon trypsin digestion to a toxic fragment of 68.7 kda by removal of 43 amino acids at the n t ... | 1996 | 8572715 |
| genetic variation in the strongly canalized sex pheromone communication system of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis hübner (lepidoptera; pyralidae). | the major difference in pheromone production between the so-called e and z strains of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis is controlled by two alleles at a single autosomal locus. e-strain females produce an (e)-11-tetradecenyl acetate pheromone with 1-3% of the z isomer, whereas z-strain females produce the opposite blend. in laboratory-reared insects we found that f1 females produced, on average, a 71:29 e/z ratio, but the distribution was clearly bimodal. the variability in pheromone b ... | 1996 | 8889536 |
| isolation and some molecular properties of a trypsin-like enzyme from larvae of european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis hübner (lepidoptera: pyralidae). | a one-step high-yielding procedure is presented for the purification of a trypsin-like proteinase from ostrinia nubilalis larvae, consisting of benzamidine-sepharose affinity chromatography. the purified enzyme was homogeneous as judged by sds-page. the enzyme presents a molecular mass of 24 650 da, a maximum ph activity profile of 9.5, a remarkable thermal stability and an optimum temperature of about 53 degrees c km values determined using n alpha-benzoyl-dl-arginine-ethylester and n alpha-ben ... | 1996 | 9014333 |
| genetic nature, stability, and improved virulence of hybrids from protoplast fusion in beauveria | genetic improvement of two different strains of the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana for more effective control of ostrinia nubilalis and leptinotarsa decemlineata was obtained by crosses with the insecticidal toxin-producing strain beauveria sulfurescens. protoplast fusion between diauxotrophic mutants resulted in the recovery of some stable prototrophic fusion products. the low levels of virulence of the wild type strain b. bassiana 28 isolated originally from l. decemlineata were en ... | 1996 | 8661542 |
| construction of new insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis recombinant strains by using the sporulation non-dependent expression system of cryiiia and a site specific recombination vector. | bacillus thuringiensis (bt) delta-endotoxins are safe biological insecticidal proteins whose usefulness has long been recognized. the first commercialized bt insecticidal formulations were composed of spore-crystal preparations derived from wild-type strains. these products generally have a limited insecticidal host range and several genetically modified strains have, therefore, been constructed using transformation procedures. however, addition of a new delta-endotoxin gene to strains already h ... | 1996 | 8818275 |
| a trypsin inhibitor from snail medic seeds active against pest proteases. | a protein trypsin inhibitor from seeds of snail medic (medicago scutellata), msti, has been purified by ion-exchange chromatography, gel-filtration chromatography and reverse-phase hplc. the protein inhibits the catalytic activity of bovine beta-trypsin, with an apparent kd of 1.8 x 10(-9), but exhibits no activity towards bovine alpha-chymotrypsin. moreover, msti inhibits the trypsin-like proteinase activity present in larvae of the crop pests adoxophyes orana, hyphantria cunea, lobesia botrana ... | 1997 | 9014368 |
| central nervous processing of sex pheromones in two strains of the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: pyralidae) | antennal lobe neurones were investigated in the pyralid moth ostrinia nubilalis using intracellular recording and staining techniques. response characteristics of antennal lobe neurones from males in the so-called e and z strains, in f1 hybrids and in parental backcrosses were studied. the antennal lobe of a male o. nubilalis comprises approximately 30 ordinary glomeruli and three enlarged glomeruli making up the macroglomerular complex (mgc). receptor neurones enter the antennal lobe via the an ... | 1997 | 9318892 |
| the bacillus thuringiensis vegetative insecticidal protein vip3a lyses midgut epithelium cells of susceptible insects. | the vip3a protein is a member of a newly discovered class of vegetative insecticidal proteins with activity against a broad spectrum of lepidopteran insects. histopathological observations indicate that vip3a ingestion by susceptible insects such as the black cutworm (agrotis ipsilon) and fall armyworm (spodoptera frugiperda) causes gut paralysis at concentrations as low as 4 ng/cm2 of diet and complete lysis of gut epithelium cells resulting in larval death at concentrations above 40 ng/cm2. th ... | 1997 | 9023933 |
| a recombinase-mediated system for elimination of antibiotic resistance gene markers from genetically engineered bacillus thuringiensis strains. | a tnpi-mediated site-specific recombination system to construct genetically modified bacillus thuringiensis strains was developed. recombinant b. thuringiensis strains from which antibiotic resistance genes can be selectively eliminated were obtained in vivo with a new vector based on the specific resolution site of transposon tn4430. for example, a cryic gene, whose product is active against spodoptera littoralis, was introduced into b. thuringiensis kto harboring a cryia(c) gene active against ... | 1997 | 9023958 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of the insecticidal fragment of cryv. | two c-terminal deletion constructs were made to study the effect of such deletions on the biological activity of the cryv protein of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki. the results of feeding on neonatal larvae of ostrinia nubilalis (european corn borer [ecb]) indicated that the 50% lethal dose of the full-length cryv protein was 3.34 micrograms/g of diet (95% fiducial limits, 2.53 to 4.32 micrograms/g of diet). removal of 71 amino acids (aa) from the c terminus had little effect on toxicity ... | 1997 | 9212427 |
| peritrophic membrane structure and secretion in european corn borer larvae (ostrinia nubilalis). | peritrophic membrane (pm) secretion and formation occur primarily in the anterior region of the mesenteron in the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) as determined by light and electron microscopy. nascent pm first became visible as fibrous linear chitin-containing structures stained with gold-labeled wheat germ agglutinin between and at the tips of the microvilli. no formed pm was visible at the foregut-midgut junction, but a thin single pm appeared first in the lumen between the stomodeal ... | 1997 | 18627827 |
| reduced fusarium ear rot and symptomless infection in kernels of maize genetically engineered for european corn borer resistance. | abstract field experiments were conducted in 1994, 1995, and 1996 to evaluate the incidence and severity of fusarium ear rot and the incidence of symp-tomless fusarium infection in kernels of maize hybrids genetically engineered with bacillus thuringiensis genes encoding for the delta-endotoxin cryia(b). treatments included manual infestation with european corn borer (ecb) larvae and insecticide applications to limit ecb activity to specific maize growth stages or mimic standard ecb control prac ... | 1997 | 18945043 |
| effect of wheat germ agglutinin on formation and structure of the peritrophic membrane in european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) larvae. | european corn borer (ecb; ostrinia nubilalis (hubner)) larvae (third instar) fed 0.05% w/w wheat germ agglutinin (wga) in their diet for 72 h showed very little increase in body weight, whereas weight of control larvae increased nearly fourfold. light and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that the morphology of the peritrophic membrane (pm) changed within 24 h after ecb larvae fed on the wga diet. whereas the pm in the anterior region of the midgut was a thin membranous structure i ... | 1998 | 18627838 |
| genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships among six populations of corn borers in china. | the genetic variation among and within six populations of the corn borer was determined by using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. extensive genetic variability was detected. of the 802 rapd markers obtained, 781 (97.4%) were polymorphic among populations. genetic similarities and distances between each pair of individuals were calculated. upgma cluster analysis showed that the yn population (ostrinia nubilalis hübner) and the other five populations (ostrinia furnacalis guenée) ma ... | 1998 | 9791723 |
| pheromone binding proteins in the european and asian corn borers: no protein change associated with pheromone differences. | pheromone binding proteins (pbps) are thought to play a role in the recognition of sex pheromone in male moth antennae. by binding selectively to different components of pheromone blends, these pbps could play a role in differentiating between structurally related compounds. in this study we have characterized the pheromone binding proteins of two pheromone strains of the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis) and also the closely related asian corn borer (o. furnacalis). we have been able to ... | 1999 | 10319441 |
| inheritance of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin (dipel es) in the european corn borer | resistance in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hubner), to a commercial formulation of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) berliner toxin, dipel es, appears to be inherited as an incompletely dominant autosomal gene. this contrasts with the inheritance of resistance to bt in other insects, where it has usually been characterized as a recessive trait. the proposed high-dose/refuge strategy for resistance management in bt maize depends on resistance being recessive or partially recessive. if f ... | 1999 | 10320377 |
| characterization of a nucleopolyhedrovirus from the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (lepidoptera: noctuidae) | the black cutworm, agrotis ipsilon (hufnagel) (lepidoptera: noctuidae), is a serious localized pest of vegetable and field crops. we have characterized a newly discovered baculovirus, the agrotis ipsilon multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (agipmnpv), that was isolated from a. ipsilon in illinois. restriction enzyme fragment profiles of agipmnpv dna were distinct from those of previously described nucleopolyhedroviruses. electron microscopy of agipmnpv-infected tissues indicated that nucleocapsids ... | 1999 | 10534417 |
| the nucleopolyhedroviruses of rachiplusia ou and anagrapha falcifera are isolates of the same virus. | the 7.8 kb ecori-g fragment of rachiplusia ou multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (romnpv), containing the polyhedrin gene, was cloned and sequenced. the sequence of the fragment was 92.3% identical to the sequence of the corresponding region in the autographa californica (ac)mnpv genome. a comparison of the ecori-g sequence with other mnpv sequences revealed that romnpv was most closely related to acmnpv. however, the predicted amino acid sequence of romnpv polyhedrin shared more sequence identity ... | 1999 | 10573177 |
| insights into genome differentiation: pheromone-binding protein variation and population history in the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). | examination of sequence variation at nuclear loci can give insights into population history and gene flow that cannot be derived from other commonly used molecular markers, such as allozymes. here, we report on sequence variation at a single nuclear locus, the pheromone-binding protein (pbp) locus, in the european corn borer (ostrinia nubilalis). the european corn borer has been divided into three races in new york state on the basis of differences in pheromone communication and life history. pr ... | 1999 | 10581281 |
| genetic similarity among pheromone and voltinism races of ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the genetic variability of seven european corn borer populations, ostrinia nubilalis, from north america and europe was assessed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (pcr-rflp) analysis and dna sequencing. the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (its-1) region (approximately 500 base pair [bp]) and four mitochondrial (mtdna) regions (1550 bp total) were examined. the smartweed borer, ostrinia obumbratalis, and south-western corn borer, diatraea grandi ... | 1999 | 10380105 |
| development and field performance of a broad-spectrum nonviable asporogenic recombinant strain of bacillus thuringiensis with greater potency and uv resistance. | the main problems with bacillus thuringiensis products for pest control are their often narrow activity spectrum, high sensitivity to uv degradation, and low cost effectiveness (high potency required). we constructed a sporulation-deficient sigk(-) b. thuringiensis strain that expressed a chimeric cry1c/ab gene, the product of which had high activity against various lepidopteran pests, including spodoptera littoralis (egyptian cotton leaf worm) and spodoptera exigua (lesser [beet] armyworm), whi ... | 1999 | 10473413 |
| novel labdane diterpenes from the insecticidal plant hyptis spicigera1 | seven new labdane diterpenes with insecticidal properties were isolated from the aerial parts of hyptis spicigera. their structures were established on the basis of spectral (ms, 1h nmr, and 13c nmr) and chemical evidences as: 19-acetoxy-2alpha,7alpha, 15-trihydroxylabda-8(17),(13z)-diene (1); 15,19-diacetoxy-2alpha, 7alpha-dihydroxylabda-8(17),(13z)-diene (2); 7alpha,15, 19-triacetoxy-2alpha-hydroxylabda-8(17),(13z)-diene (3); 19-acetoxy-2alpha,7alpha-dihydroxylabda-8(17),(13z)-dien-15-al (4); ... | 1999 | 9917280 |
| reproductive performance and longevity of female european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis: effects of multiple mating, delay in mating, and adult feeding. | in a recent study on the pheromone-mating disruption of the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (lepidoptera: crambidae), we recorded a significant reduction in mating frequency, as well as a marked delay in mating in feral females captured in disruptant-treated fields. in order to be able to accurately interpret the results in terms of effective population control, the current study was undertaken on the effects of multiple matings and a delay in mating on reproductive performance. female o ... | 1999 | 12770364 |
| frequency of resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1ab in an iowa population of european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | the refuge plus high-dose strategy for resistance management assumes that the frequency of resistance alleles is low. we used an f2 screen to estimate the frequency of resistance to transgenic corn that produces bacillus thuringiensis berliner cry1ab toxin (bt corn) in an iowa population of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner). we also proposed a modification to the statistical analysis of the f2 screen that extends its application for nonuniform prior distributions and for repeated ... | 2000 | 14658507 |
| performance of transgenic corn hybrids in missouri for insect control and yield. | the efficacy of bacillus thuringiensis-transformed corn (zea mays l.) hybrids compared with comparable nontransformed corn hybrids for controlling first- and second-generation european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and second-generation southwestern corn borer, diatraea grandiosella dyar, was determined. yield comparisons were obtained from the same plots of corn hybrids. both generations of european and the second-generation of southwestern corn borer were effectively controlled, but ... | 2000 | 10902361 |
| colonization of corn, zea mays, by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana. | light and electron microscopy were used to describe the mode of penetration by the entomopathogenic fungus beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin into corn, zea mays l. after inoculation with a foliar spray of conidia, germinating hyphae grew randomly across the leaf surface. often a germ tube formed from a conidium and elongated only a short distance before terminating its growth. not all developing hyphae on the leaf surface penetrated the cuticle. however, when penetration did occur, the pene ... | 2000 | 10919808 |
| development of diagnostic concentrations for monitoring bacillus thuringiensis resistance in european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae). | two candidate diagnostic concentrations of the cry1ab and cry1ac toxins from bacillus thuringiensis corresponding to the lc99 and ec99 (effective concentration that causes 99% growth inhibition) for european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), were determined based on previously obtained baseline data. validation experiments using field-collected european corn borer populations from across north america showed that for cry1ab, a concentration corresponding to the upper limit of the 95% conf ... | 2000 | 10902351 |
| indirect reduction of ear molds and associated mycotoxins in bacillus thuringiensis corn under controlled and open field conditions: utility and limitations. | in 1995, ears of a experimental inbred (cg59-2) containing a synthetic bacillus thuringiensis cry ia (b) gene driven by pepc, pith and pollen promoters and artificially infested with ostrinia nubilalis (hübner) larvae in small plot studies were free from insect damage, whereas 40-50% of the corresponding non-bt inbred ears were damaged. bt inbred ears that were inoculated with aspergillus flavus link and fusarium proliferatum t. matsushima (nirenberg) or exposed to natural mold inoculum after in ... | 2000 | 11142297 |
| gene flow in the european corn borer ostrinia nubilalis: implications for the sustainability of transgenic insecticidal maize. | strategies proposed for delaying resistance to bacillus thuringiensis toxins expressed by transgenic maize require intense gene flow between individuals that grew on transgenic and on normal (referred to as refuges) plants. to investigate gene flow in the european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), the genetic variability at 29 sampled sites from france was studied by comparing allozyme frequencies at six polymorphic loci. almost no deviations from hardy-weinberg expectations occurred, and ... | 2000 | 10687815 |
| monitoring of the european corn borer (lepidoptera: crambidae) in central maine. | pheromone trap types and within-field trap locations were compared for their effectiveness in monitoring the flight activity of european corn borer, ostrinia nubilalis (hübner), and its relationship to egg mass density and crop damage in sweet corn in central maine from 1995 to 1996. the use of both 3:97 z:e-11-tetradecenyl acetate and 97:3 z:e-11 tetradecenyl acetate pheromone blends confirmed that european corn borer in central maine is attracted to both pheromone lure types. european corn bor ... | 2000 | 10826170 |