Publications

a longitudinal study of rotavirus antibody titers in swine in a closed specific pathogen-free herd.	in a newly established closed specific pathogen-free (spf) swine herd, gilt/sow suckling and weaned pig rotavirus specific antibody titers were followed for three lactations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) to gain insight into the dynamics of herd antibody titers to group a rotavirus. among gilts/sows, serum antirotavirus igg titers increased during each lactation with a subsequent drop in titer between farrowings. serum antirotavirus igm titers declined during each lactation and wi ...	1991	1654667
association between diarrhoea and shedding of group a and atypical groups b to e rotaviruses in suckling pigs.	the frequency of shedding of rotavirus in faeces of diarrhoeic piglets was studied in 2 farms. in farm i, where 82% of the litters had diarrhoea, group a rotavirus was detected in 52/117 (44%) faeces of pigs with diarrhoea while atypical groups b to e rotaviruses were detected in 2/117 (2%) faeces of diarrhoeic piglets that came from litters where group a rotavirus had also been found. in farm ii where the morbidity due to diarrhoeas was lower (57% of the litters had diarrhoea), 8/141 (6%) faece ...	1991	1654762
cultivation and characterization of novel human group a rotaviruses with long rna electropherotypes, subgroup ii specificities, and serotype 2 vp7 genes.	during an epidemiological study of human rotavirus infections in bangladesh, three group a strains hybridized with a serotype 2 oligonucleotide probe, but they had long rna electropherotypes. the three strains were collected from 8- to 20-month-old infants with acute diarrhea and moderate malnutrition. by a modified isolation procedure, two strains (t-b and t-c) were adapted in ma104 cell cultures. they were identified to be subgroup ii specific by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with subgroup ...	1991	1658036
comparison of group b rotavirus genes 9 and 11.	group b rotaviruses (gbrs) were recognized recently as causative agents of gastroenteritis. investigations into the relatedness of various heterologous gbr strains have been hindered by the difficulty of growing these viruses in cell culture. viral rna extracted from experimentally infected rats used to prepare cdna clones. from these, the nucleotide sequences of genes 9 and 11 of the idir strain of gbr were determined and compared with the corresponding sequences of the human adrv strain of gbr ...	1991	1658208
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against an avian group a rotavirus.	fifteen monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against an avian group a rotavirus were cloned and characterized. eight of the 15 mabs had neutralizing activity (n-mabs). five of the n-mabs (1g1, 5b8, 4e2, 3g1, 2e3) were vp4-specific by radioimmunoprecipitation assay (ripa), and two n-mabs (2d11, 6e8) were possibly vp7-specific (faint bands by ripa). one n-mab (4h12) of undefined protein specificity cross-reacted with serotype 3 simian rotaviruses. the other seven n-mabs did not cross-react with any of the ...	1991	1659369
adaptation and serial passage of porcine group c rotavirus in st-cells, an established diploid swine testicular cell line.	a porcine group c rotavirus (strain cowden-amc-1) was adapted and serially passaged in an established diploid swine testicular cell line (st cells). growth of group c rotavirus in st cells, which in maintenance medium required trypsin, but not pancreatin resulted in cytopathic effect characterized by cellular stranding and subsequent cell lysis. active replication and assembly were confirmed by rna profile analysis, immune electron microscopy and immunofluorescence. adaptation of non-group a rot ...	1991	1659801
isolation, characterization, and serial propagation of a bovine group c rotavirus in a monkey kidney cell line (ma104).	a virus (designated the shintoku strain) which was morphologically indistinguishable from group a rotaviruses was detected in the feces of adult cows with diarrhea in japan. the virus contained 11 segments of double-stranded rna and had an electrophoretic migration pattern in polyacrylamide gels similar to that of other group c rotaviruses (4-3-2-2). feces containing the bovine virus reacted with antiserum to porcine group c rotavirus (cowden strain) but not group a or b rotaviruses in immunoele ...	1991	1663512
culture adaptation and characterization of group a rotaviruses causing diarrheal illnesses in bangladesh from 1985 to 1986.	group a rotaviruses collected between 1985 and 1986 during comprehensive surveillance of treated diarrheal episodes occurring in a rural bangladesh population were culture adapted and characterized by electropherotype, serotype, and subgroup. of 454 episodes of rotavirus-associated diarrhea, rotaviruses were culture adapted from 381 (84%), and 335 contained 11 electrophoretically identical segments in unpassaged and cultured preparations. these 335 comprised 69 different electropherotypes with b ...	1991	1663517
a novel group a rotavirus g serotype: serological and genomic characterization of equine isolate fi23.	equine rotavirus fi23 was shown to be prototypic of a novel g serotype, provisionally g14, by cross-neutralization and vp7 sequence determination. although distinct, there are as few as six differing amino acid residues (92, 94, 96, 146, 147, and 221) in the vp7 antigenic regions of fi23 and g3 rotaviruses.	1991	1663521
reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to the 41-kilodalton protein of porcine group c rotavirus with homologous and heterologous rotavirus serogroups in immunofluorescence tests.	three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to porcine group c rotavirus immunoprecipitated the major inner capsid protein (41 kda) but failed to precipitate group a rotavirus proteins. in immunofluorescence tests of rotavirus-infected cell cultures or pig intestines, the mabs recognized porcine and bovine group c rotaviruses but not group a or b rotaviruses. these mabs may recognize the group c rotavirus counterpart to vp6 of group a rotaviruses and may be useful as diagnostic reagents.	1991	1663522
the prevalence of enteric pathogens in diarrhoeic thoroughbred foals in britain and ireland.	a survey of 77 normal and 326 diarrhoeic foals in britain and ireland from 1987 to 1989 revealed a significantly higher prevalence of group a rotaviruses and aeromonas hydrophila in diarrhoeic foals. the prevalence of cryptosporidia, potentially pathogenic escherichia coli, yersinia enterocolitica and clostridium perfringens was similar in normal or diarrhoeic foals. rotaviruses had a similar prevalence in all age groups of scouring foals up to three months of age, with an overall prevalence of ...	1991	1663866
rapid techniques for diagnostic and epidemiological studies of rotavirus infection.	two rapid procedures modifying the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) standard technique for the diagnosis of acute gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus infections are described. these assays permit the detection of both group a and non-group-a rotaviruses, and can be employed in most microbiology laboratories. the cost per sample is minimal compared with that of enzyme immune assays (elisa) or the agglutination tests available commercially.	1991	1666113
improved detection of rotavirus shedding by polymerase chain reaction.	to improve identification of children excreting rotavirus a method for the amplification of rotavirus rna by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed. the assay was compared with a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay in the detection of rotavirus shedding by infants in hospital during the winter peak of rotavirus infections. forty children were studied in an intermediate care unit after transfer from intensive care units. only two were admitted primarily because of diarrhoea; the other thirt ...	1991	1703618
detection of animal and human group b rotaviruses in fecal specimens by polymerase chain reaction.	a combined reverse transcriptase reaction-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to achieve the sensitive detection of group b rotaviruses (gbr). sequences derived from genomic segment 3 of the idir (intestinal disease of infant rats) strain of gbr permitted the detection of greater than or equal to 0.08 pg of purified idir genomic rna (4,000 genome copies). primers complementary to the terminal sequences of gene 11 of gbr strain adrv (adult diarrhea rotavirus) allowed for the detectio ...	1991	1709948
development, characterization, and utilization of an intestinal xenograft model for infectious disease research.	paired xenografts of near-term fetal rabbit jejunum were subcutaneously implanted in the backs of athymic nude (nu/nu) mice. at 3 to 4 weeks post-implantation, the grafts had histologic, ultrastructural, and biochemical (lactase, sucrase, alkaline phosphatase, leucine aminopeptidase) parameters comparable to age-matched control rabbits. four weeks post-transplantation the xenografts were intraluminally inoculated with various strains of lapine attaching and effacing e. coli or group a rotavirus. ...	1991	1753715
heterogeneity in the genome rnas and polypeptides of five members of a novel group of rotavirus-like viruses isolated from aquatic animals.	biochemical characteristics of five rotavirus-like viruses isolated from striped bass (morone saxatilis), turbot (scophthalmus maximus), smelt (osmerus mordax) and atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in north america and europe were compared. the genome of each isolate was composed of 11 segments of dsrna and each isolate had a unique electropherotype in polyacrylamide gels. agarose gel electrophoresis showed similar rna profiles for all four isolates from north america, whereas the rna profile of the ...	1991	1846647
human rotavirus strain 69m has a unique vp4 as determined by amino acid sequence analysis.	the group a rotavirus strain 69m has recently been classified as a new rotavirus serotype, g8, based on the antigenic specificity of its vp7 outer capsid glycoprotein. the fourth gene of 69m, which encodes the other outer capsid protein vp4, was sequenced. the gene is 2362 nucleotides in length and contains one long open reading frame beginning at the 10th nucleotide from the 5' end and terminating with a stop codon 22 bases from the 3' end. the encoded vp4 contains 776 amino acids. comparative ...	1991	1850912
sequence conservation of gene 8 between human and porcine group c rotaviruses and its relationship to the vp7 gene of group a rotaviruses.	cdna libraries from porcine group (gp) c rotavirus strain cowden and a human gp c rotavirus strain were generated. the complete nucleotide sequence of gene 8 from the cowden strain was determined from gene 8-specific clones and viral transcript rna. a full-length gene 8 clone was generated from the human gp c virus by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using primers deduced from the 3' and 5' ends of the cowden strain gene 8, and the sequence of the human gp c gene 8 was determined from this clone ...	1991	1850919
expression of the major inner capsid protein of the group b rotavirus adrv: primary characterization of genome segment 5.	a complete cdna copy of the fifth rna segment of the human group b rotavirus, adrv, has been cloned into plasmid ad512. gene segment 5 contains 1269 bases and encodes one long open reading frame of 391 amino acids beginning at base 31 and terminating at base 1203. the gene 5 polypeptide, expressed in vitro in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate, comigrates with the 44-kda major inner capsid protein present on edta treated adrv virions. the gene 5 protein is immunoprecipitable by hyperimmune serum to ad ...	1991	1850929
rotavirus excretion by village pigs in papua new guinea.	cohort studies were conducted on 29 pigs from 3 villages in the highlands of papua new guinea. animals ranged in age from 9 d to 5 m old. three hundred and twenty nine faecal samples were collected from individual pigs followed over 3 to 6 w periods, and were examined for group a rotavirus antigen by elisa, and rotaviral genomic rna by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). electron microscopy was also conducted on selected samples. group a rotavirus was detected in the faeces of 16 pigs wit ...	1991	1850980
serological and genomic characterization of l338, a novel equine group a rotavirus g serotype.	a group a rotavirus designated l338 was isolated from the faeces of a diarrhoeic foal and was compared to 11 standard g serotype strains of group a rotaviruses by cross-neutralization. it was clearly distinct from serotypes g1 to g11 and thus representative of a novel rotavirus g serotype tentatively designated g13. the nucleic acid sequence of the virion protein 7 (vp7) coding region was determined and the deduced amino acid sequence compared to published sequences. within vp7 regions a and b, ...	1991	1851806
a one year community-based study on the incidence of diarrhoea and rotavirus infection in urban and suburban malaysian children.	a 1 year longitudinal study of 156 malaysian children from urban and suburban areas in the klang valley revealed that the incidence rate of diarrhoea was 23.6 per 100 person-year with abnormal faeces reported on 0.26% of the total days of observation. diarrhoea cases were detected in children from all socioeconomic classes. rotavirus was isolated from 12% of the diarrheic children and asymptomatic rotavirus infection occurred in 3.2% of the children. all rotaviruses isolated were group a rotavir ...	1992	1303484
sequences of the four larger proteins of a porcine group c rotavirus and comparison with the equivalent group a rotavirus proteins.	the sequences of the four larger proteins of rotavirus group c (cowden strain) are presented and compared with the sequences of the corresponding group a proteins. they exhibit a significant level of homology, allowing gene coding assignment for the group c rotavirus. the coding strategy of the group c virus rna segment is the same as that for the group a large segments as one long open reading frame is present in each segment. the genome segment 1 encodes the structural protein vp1 which presen ...	1992	1310192
rotavirus serotype g3 predominates in horses.	foal fecal group a rotavirus strains were characterized by electropherotype, serotype, and subgroup and shown to be distinctly different from rotaviruses of other mammals. of 86 strains that were electropherotyped, 98% had similar profiles, with gene segments 3 and 4 close together and segments 7, 8, and 9 widely spaced. of 70 strains that had sufficient detectable vp7 antigen to be serotyped by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas), 63% were serotype g3 (39% were subtype g3a and 24% were ...	1992	1310333
isolation of an avianlike group a rotavirus from a calf with diarrhea.	an atypical group a rotavirus (993/83) was isolated from a 3-day-old german calf with diarrhea. it differed from 35 conventional german bovine rotavirus isolates analyzed previously with respect to subgroup (strain 993/83 was non-subgroup i and non-subgroup ii), serotype (strain 993/83 showed a two-way cross-reaction with serotype 7 and a one-way cross-reaction with serotype 3), and electropherotype (strain 993/83 showed comigrating gene segments 10 and 11). isolate 993/83 reacted with only one ...	1992	1310334
nucleotide sequences of normal and rearranged rna segments 10 of human rotaviruses.	normal and rearranged rna segments 10 of group a rotaviruses isolated from a chronically infected immunodeficient child were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction as full-length cdna copies, and were subsequently cloned and sequenced. compared with the nucleotide sequence of the normal rna segment 10, the rearranged form contains a partial non-coding duplication at its 3' end and several point mutations. the normal rna segment 10 was similar to that of bovine rotavirus.	1992	1312123
prevalence of bovine group a rotavirus shedding among dairy calves in ohio.	fecal samples were collected from 450 neonatal calves, ranging from 1 to 30 days old, between may, 1988 and may, 1989 to estimate the prevalence of bovine group a rotavirus in a stratified random sample of ohio dairy herds. calves were from 47 dairy herds chosen to be representative of ohio herds. bovine group a rotavirus was detected in fecal samples by a cell culture immunofluorescence test (ccif) and elisa. of 450 samples tested, 46 (10%) were positive by ccif and 67 (15%) were positive by el ...	1992	1315490
detection of human group c rotaviruses by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies was established for the detection of human group c rotaviruses. seventeen clinical samples which were found to contain group c rotaviruses were all strongly positive, whereas 9 samples containing group a rotaviruses and 51 samples lacking rotaviruses were all negative with this test.	1992	1316369
molecular cloning, sequence analysis, in vitro expression, and immunoprecipitation of the major inner capsid protein of the idir strain of group b rotavirus (gbr).	the sixth genomic segment of the infectious diarrhea of infant rats (idir) strain of group b rotavirus (gbr) was cloned from double-stranded rna purified from infected rat feces. sequence comparison with group a rotaviruses (gar) and the human adrv strain of gbr indicated that idir gene 6 encoded the major inner capsid protein. the nucleic acid sequences of the two gbr genes were 72.9% conserved, and 83.4% of the amino acids were identical. sequence substitutions between idir and adrv were more ...	1992	1316675
detection and differentiation of bovine group a rotavirus serotypes using polymerase chain reaction-generated probes to the vp7 gene.	dot and northern blot hybridization assays were developed to detect and differentiate group a bovine rotavirus serotypes using radiolabeled serotype 6 (nebraska calf diarrhea virus [ncdv] and united kingdom [uk] strains) or serotype 10 (crocker [cr] strain) vp7 gene probes. partial length vp7-specific cdna encompassing areas of major sequence diversity were generated by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using either cloned vp7 genes (ncdv and uk strains) or reverse transcribed mrna (cr strain) ...	1992	1319748
identification of group a rotavirus gene 4 types by polymerase chain reaction.	five genetically distinct human rotavirus (hrv) gene 4 groups have been described on the basis of comparative nucleotide sequencing and the predicted amino acid sequences, and at least four of them represent distinct vp4 antigenic types. to identify each gene 4 type and investigate its distribution in hrv isolates from patients with diarrhea, we developed a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) typing method using sequence information available for four genetically distinct gene 4 types. rotavirus dou ...	1992	1320625
serotype variation of group a rotaviruses over nine winter epidemics in southeastern new england.	by the use of enzyme immunoassay and rna electrophoresis, rotavirus serotyping was performed with stool specimens from 605 children. serotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 accounted for 63, 9, 9, and 19% of the cases, respectively, with considerable yearly variation. an average of three serotypes cocirculated each year.	1992	1320630
studies on the age resistance of swine to group a rotavirus infection.	to determine whether swine become naturally age resistant to group a rotavirus infection, colostrum-deprived, rotavirus-naive newborn pigs that were raised in isolation (n = 34) were studied. neonatal pigs and pigs 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 weeks of age were inoculated orally with group a porcine rotavirus or mock inoculum and euthanatized at 24, 31, or 48 hours post-infection. nine sections of small intestine, cecum, and colon were harvested and immunohistochemically examined for evidence of ro ...	1992	1321528
coding assignments of the genome of adult diarrhea rotavirus.	adult diarrhea rotavirus (adrv) has caused epidemics of diarrhea in china since 1982 and remains the only group b rotavirus associated with widespread disease in humans. we recently characterized the proteins of adrv and have now proceeded to identify the gene segments encoding each protein. viral rna transcripts were synthesized in vitro with the endogenous viral rna polymerase and separated by electrophoresis in agarose. the individual transcripts were translated in a cell-free system using nu ...	1992	1322659
laboratory diagnosis of rotavirus infection in diarrhoeal patients by immunoenzymatic and latex-agglutination assays.	one hundred stool samples from children with acute diarrhoea were examined by six commercial latex and immunoenzymatic assays for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection in four different laboratories. samples were also analyzed by solid-phase immune electron microscopy using a rabbit anti-group a rotavirus antiserum. with electron microscopy as a basis for comparison, sensitivity and specificity for the latex and elisa assays varied from 91.1 to 92.9% and from 94.2 to 99.4%, respectively. statisti ...	1992	1323741
expression of the major capsid protein vp6 of group c rotavirus and synthesis of chimeric single-shelled particles by using recombinant baculoviruses.	vp6 of group c (cowden strain) rotavirus was expressed in the baculovirus system. the recombinant protein, expressed to a high level in insect cells, was purified by ion-exchange chromatography. the purified protein was proven to be trimeric. the effect of ph on the trimer's stability was investigated. coexpression of vp6 from group a (bovine strain rf) and vp6 from group c in the baculovirus system did not result in the formation of chimeric trimers. coexpression of vp2 from group a rotavirus ( ...	1992	1326644
characterization of an oligomerization domain and rna-binding properties on rotavirus nonstructural protein ns34.	intermolecular interactions between polypeptide chains often play essential roles in such biological phenomena as replication, transcription, translation, transport, ligand binding, and assembly. we have initiated studies of the functions of the rotavirus sa114f gene 7 product by sequence analysis and expression in insect cells. this nonstructural protein, ns34, is a slightly acidic protein, and its secondary structure is predicted to be 78% alpha-helix, with several heptad repeats of hydrophobi ...	1992	1326821
terminal sequence conservation among the genomic segments of a group b rotavirus (idir strain).	terminal nucleic acid sequences were determined for all 11 segments of the idir strain of group b rotavirus. consensus sequences were defined at both ends of the (+) rna strands as 5' ggn(a/u)na(a/u)(a/u)(a/u)---and---(a/u)na(a/g)n(a/c)(c/a)cc3 '. the 5' and 3' terminal sequences of the (+) strand idir rna were not complementary to one another. the idir terminal sequences and those of group a rotaviruses (gar) were similar in that each of the (+) strands began with "gg" and ended with "cc." othe ...	1992	1329334
inhibition of rotavirus in vitro transcription by optimal concentrations of monoclonal antibodies specific for rotavirus vp6.	three monoclonal antibodies (mabs) obtained from inoculation of mice with either a serotype 1 human rotavirus or rotavirus sa11 (serotype 3) inhibited the in vitro transcription of rotavirus sa11. two of the mabs exhibited a biphasic inhibitory response. removal of antibody from mab preparations by adsorption with sepharose-protein g reduced the inhibitory activity completely for all three mab preparations. analysis by radioimmunoprecipitation and western blotting indicated that all three mabs r ...	1992	1331302
typing of human group a rotavirus with alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes.	rotavirus (rv) in stools of children less than 1 year of age with diarrhea in bangkok in 1989 were serotyped by monoclonal enzyme immunoassay (meia). rna extracted from these specimens was tested for hybridization with alkaline phosphatase (ap) and 32p-labeled oligonucleotides constructed from the nucleotide sequences of vp7 of human g types 1 (hug1ac), 2 (hug2ac), 3 (hug3ac), and 4 (hug4ac). of 148 specimens that contained rv, 72% (106/148) hybridized with rv g type specific ap-labeled oligonuc ...	1992	1331307
rotavirus electropherotypes in malaysian children.	a 12-month study was carried out on the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in urban and suburban malaysian children. analysis of faecal samples from 973 hospitalized diarrhoeic children by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected 268 rotaviruses (28%). all isolates were group a rotaviruses, which produced 22 electropherotypes: 16 (91.5%) with long rna migration patterns and 6 (8.5%) with short patterns. one of the long-pattern electropherotypes was the predominant strain (71.1% of the total ...	1992	1334446
[detection and serotyping of hrvs collected from children with acute gastroenteritis in winter of 1986 to 1991].	fecal samples from sporadic acute gastroenteritis patients who visited at a pediatrician during five consecutive winter seasons in kurume city located at north part of kyushu district. fecal samples were subjected to detection of rotavirus and other viruses and study of yearly changes in serotype of rotavirus. the rate of group a rotavirus positives in third winter and other consecutive winters were 12.5%, 40 to 65%, respectively. 60% specimens were successfully serotyped: 58% was serotype 1.22% ...	1992	1338087
an evaluation of the staphylococcal co-agglutination test for the detection of group a rotavirus in human faeces.	the group a rotavirus staphylococcal co-agglutination test was evaluated and its sensitivity and specificity compared with an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and a commercial latex agglutination test (rotalex). in addition, the storage stability of the staphylococcal reagents was ascertained. examination of 136 clarified suspensions of diarrhoeal faeces by the staphylococcal co-agglutination test revealed a high proportion of false positives (26%) and uninterpretable results ( ...	1992	1338997
production of monoclonal antibodies to rotavirus suitable for detection of rotavirus in stool samples by one-step eia.	two stable hybridoma cell clones producing high amounts of monoclonal antibodies (mab) to rotavirus have been selected. the mabs were shown to recognize different epitopes of the major inner capsid rotavirus protein vp 6. the two types of mab in question cross-reacted with human and animal group a rotaviruses. due to their high affinity and good binding capacity to microtiter plates a simultaneous eia was developed for detection of rotavirus in stool samples. the sensitivity and specificity of m ...	1992	1360749
cloning of noncultivatable human rotavirus by single primer amplification.	a novel, sequence-independent strategy has been developed for the amplification of full-length cdna copies of the genes of double-stranded rna (dsrna) viruses. using human (bristol) group c rotavirus as an example, a single amino-linked modified oligonucleotide (primer 1) was ligated to either end of each dsrna genome segment by using t4 rna ligase. following reverse transcription, annealing, and repair of cdna strands, amplification of the viral dsrna genome was accomplished by polymerase chain ...	1992	1371174
comparisons of rotavirus vp7-typing monoclonal antibodies by competition binding assay.	three sets of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) used to type the outer capsid protein vp7 of four group a rotavirus serotypes (1 through 4) were compared in competition immunoassays. reciprocal competition was observed for each of the vp7 type 2-, 3-, and 4-specific mabs. the vp7 type 1 mabs exhibited variable competition patterns with other vp7 type 1 mabs. mab rv4:3, which has been used to recognize antigenic variants within vp7 type 1 strains, showed reciprocal competition with the fo ...	1992	1372622
immunohistochemical detection of porcine rotavirus using immunogold silver staining (igss).	immunogold silver staining (igss) was applied for the detection of porcine group a rotavirus in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of small intestine. prior to the application of igss, the reactivity of protein a-gold as a marker was tested with group-specific antiserum in immunogold electron microscopy. immune aggregates were intensely and specifically labeled with the gold complex. application of igss to tissue sections resulted in specific dark staining of villous enterocytes in ...	1992	1372832
antigenic and genetic analyses of human rotaviruses in chiang mai, thailand: evidence for a close relationship between human and animal rotaviruses.	serotyping of group a rotaviruses obtained from stools of 158 diarrheic patients in chiang mai, thailand, by elisa with monoclonal antibodies revealed a yearly change in the prevalence of individual serotypes. three unusual human rotavirus strains were isolated. strain mc35 had subgroup i-serotype 10 antigen and a long rna electrophoretic type, a property hitherto found only in bovine rotaviruses. rna-rna hybridization tests showed that the strain is more closely related genetically to bovine th ...	1992	1378870
localization of group-specific epitopes on the major capsid protein of group a rotavirus.	chemical cleavage of the vp6 protein of bovine rotavirus showed that vp6-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) reacted with the amino acid sequence between glycine 48 and asparagine 107. furthermore, three synthetic peptides (amino acids 48 to 64, 60 to 75 and 91 to 108) containing part of this sequence and 22 consecutive overlapping heptapeptides corresponding to the region between amino acids 48 and 75 were analysed for their immunoreactivity using group-specific mabs. the mabs recognized pept ...	1992	1378880
detection of rotaviruses in the day care environment by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.	group a rotavirus is an important cause of morbidity among infants and toddlers in day care centers. transmission by the fecal-oral route is well established, but fomites and environmental surfaces may also play an important role in transmission. a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay was used to detect rotavirus rna in day care environments. areas sampled included floors, diaper change areas, toy balls, and other surfaces. in two centers undergoing outbreaks of rotavirus, 7 (3 ...	1992	1380049
group c rotavirus requires sialic acid for erythrocyte and cell receptor binding.	current immunological and biochemical information regarding the hemagglutinin and virus-cell interactions of rotavirus is obtained exclusively from studies with group a rotaviruses. in this study, i report that the immunologically and genetically distinct group c rotavirus also possesses a hemagglutinin. the viral hemagglutinin was identified on a cultivable porcine group c rotavirus strain (strain amc-1) by using agglutinated human and guinea pig erythrocytes. neuraminidase treatment of fresh h ...	1992	1380096
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to porcine group c rotaviruses cross-reactive with group a rotaviruses.	five monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to porcine group (gp) c rotaviruses (cowden and ah strains) reactive with both gp a and c rotaviruses in cell culture immunofluorescence (ccif) tests were produced and characterized. these mabs reacted with three strains of gp a and two strains of gp c rotaviruses in a ccif test and were classified into two groups based on their ccif titers. the mabs also reacted to various degrees with cell-culture-propagated porcine gp c rotavirus (cowden) and bovine gp a rota ...	1992	1384230
[experience with gamma globulins per os in the therapy and prevention of infectious diarrhea].	the efficacy of oral gammaglobulin in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent children has been evaluated in an open placebo controlled trial. moreover the efficacy of oral gammaglobulin has been tested also for treatment of chronic diarrhea in iga deficient infants and for prevention of rotavirus infection during an epidemic in the ward. 54 infants (aged 1-36 months) with acute diarrhea (30 rotavirus +) were enrolled in the study. 24 out of 54 were assigned with randomised ...	1993	7505434
typing of human rotavirus vp4 by an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies.	two different neutralization specificities exist on the outer capsid of group a rotaviruses. at least seven vp7 (g) antigenic types are distinguishable among human rotaviruses. four distinct antigenic (p) types of human rotavirus vp4 corresponding to separate rotavirus gene 4 groups have been described. the aim of this study was to identify p types in clinical specimens by developing an enzyme immunoassay, using p-type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs). three n-mabs primarily ...	1993	7678015
epitope mapping of the major inner capsid protein of group a rotavirus using peptide synthesis.	three hundred and ninety-one consecutive heptapeptides derived from the vp6 protein of bovine rotavirus (397 aa) were synthesized using the "pepscan" method and were assayed on the synthesis pins with monoclonal antibodies to vp6. heptapeptides reactive with mabs were located in four main regions: regions aa 32-64, aa 155-167, aa 208-274, and a fourth region at the c-terminal, from aa 380 to aa 397. among these regions, two sequences were also reactive with the mabs when longer peptides were ass ...	1993	7683153
identification and expression of the outer capsid protein (vp4) of the idir strain of group b rotavirus.	the polypeptide encoded by gene 3 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus (gbr) was synthesized by means of a baculovirus expression system. immunoblot analysis identified the idir virus gene 3 product as analogous to the outer capsid protein, vp4, encoded by gene 4 of group a rotaviruses (gar). this coding assignment had previously been difficult to establish by sequence comparisons, since idir virus gene 3 shared < 20% identical amino acid sequences with any gar protein. trypsin digestion of t ...	1993	7684874
antigenic analysis of avian rotavirus vp6 using monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared to analyze antigens on the major inner capsid protein, vp6 of avian group a rotavirus. based on the results of a competitive binding assay using 15 mabs directed against vp6 of the po-13 rotavirus strain, isolated from a pigeon in japan, it was found that vp6 of avian rotavirus possesses at least four spatially distinct antigenic sites. two antigenic sites (i and ii) were topologically distinct from the other two (iii and iv), which were in close proxim ...	1993	7688504
characterization of the neutralizing epitopes of vp7 of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus.	the neutralization epitopes of the outer capsid protein vp7 of a porcine group a rotavirus were studied by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs). six n-mabs which were specific for the vp7 protein of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus (serotype g4) were used for analyzing the antigenic sites of vp7. three different approaches were used for this analysis: testing the serological reactivity of each n-mab against different g serotypes of human and animal rotaviruses, analyzing n- ...	1993	7691871
immunogens of rotaviruses.	rotaviruses cause gastroenteritis in neonates of many animal species including cattle, swine, horses, dogs, cats, chickens and turkeys. rotavirions are nonenveloped, are about 75 nm in diameter, have a double capsid, and contain 11 double-stranded rna segments as their genome. several antigenically distinct groups of rotaviruses have been identified and have been alphabetically designated as a through g. group a rotaviruses were the first group of rotaviruses isolated and are the most commonly d ...	1993	8116188
role of circulating maternal anti-rotavirus igg in protection of intestinal mucosal surface in turkey poults.	the effect of circulating maternally transferred igg on immunity of turkey poults to rotavirus infections was investigated. specific-pathogen-free (spf) turkey hens were hyperimmunized with avian group a rotavirus 2 weeks before the laying cycle. spf poults designated positive for group a rotavirus (rab+) and negative for such maternal antibody (rab-) were challenged orally with the homologous virus at 2, 5, or 12 days of age (challenge groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). poults were examined at ...	1993	8141731
effectiveness of bifidobacterium bifidum in experimentally induced mrv infection: dietary implications in formulas for newborns.	the protective effect of a human strain of bifidobacterium bifidum (b. bifidum) against murine group a rotavirus (mrv) was examined in the intestines of balb/c infected mice. in experiments designed to determine whether b. bifidum mediated mrv shedding during diarrheal disease, pregnant dams (and their expected litters) were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1. mice infected with mrv alone; 2. b. bifidum treated + mrv infected mice; 3. b. bifidum treated controls; 4. saline control anim ...	1993	8068900
nucleotide sequences of the vp4 and vp7 genes of a chinese lamb rotavirus: evidence for a new p type in a g10 type virus.	the vp7 and vp4 genes of a group a rotavirus (lp14) isolated from a lamb with diarrhea in qinhai province, china, in 1981 were reverse transcribed, amplified by pcr, cloned, and sequenced. the virus was found to possess a vp7 gene, classifying it as a g10 type, and a vp4 gene which showed only limited homology with any other known vp4 gene, suggesting its classification as a new p type and providing further evidence for the vast diversity of group a rotaviruses.	1993	8212593
in vitro reconstitution of rotavirus transcriptional activity using viral cores and recombinant baculovirus expressed vp6.	purified baculovirus-expressed group a rotavirus vp6 polypeptide was shown to be active in the recovery of the transcriptase activity associated with the reconstitution of the single-shelled rotavirus particle. recombinant vp6 polypeptide was able to restore the transcriptional activity in purified viral cores from both sa-11 and rf rotavirus strains. recombinant group c vp 6 (cowden strain) is capable of binding as a trimer to group a viral core particles but unable to restore the transcriptase ...	1993	8257299
characterization of a group d rotavirus.	a rotavirus isolated from the intestinal contents of commercial ring-neck pheasant chicks was determined to be a group d rotavirus based on its rna electropherotype and its serologic relatedness to known turkey group a and d rotaviruses using immune electron microscopy and agar-gel immunodiffusion assays. further characterization revealed a buoyant density in cesium chloride of 1.347 g/cm3 for double-shelled particles and 1.365 g/cm3 for single-shelled particles. the average size for the pheasan ...	1993	8257366
evaluation of a probe hybridisation serotyping method for group a rotavirus.	serotype-specificity and sensitivity of oligonucleotide probes to serotype human rotaviruses was assessed. probes could detect as little as 6.3 ng of homologous rna and none reacted with as much as 100 ng of heterologous rna. northern-blot analysis revealed that probes reacted with one of genomic segments 7, 8 or 9 of corresponding serotypes.	1993	8263303
pcr detection of group a bovine rotaviruses in feces.	a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) protocol has been developed for identification of bovine group a rotavirus infection in feces. primers (20mers) complementary to 3' ends of double-stranded rna genome segment 6 of bovine rotavirus ncdv strain were synthesized and used in pcr. bovine rotavirus rna from infected cell culture was employed to optimize the pcr protocol. rotavirus-negative fecal samples were spiked with known quantities of bovine rotavirus, and the sensitivity of the pcr assay was det ...	1993	8286448
rotavirus excretion in naturally infected pigs with and without diarrhoea.	seven hundred and fifty faecal samples from piglets ranging from 1 to 60 days old were studied for the presence of group a rotavirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) and by enzyme immunoassay (eia). from 451 diarrhoeic pigs, 117 (25.94%) were positive for rotavirus and only 45 (15.05%) of 299 pigs without diarrhoea excreted the virus (p < 0.005). when these animals were separated into four age groups with regard to the presence or absence of diarrhoea, it was observed that the excret ...	1993	8296448
molecular epidemiology and subgroup analysis of bovine group a rotaviruses associated with diarrhea in south african calves.	rotavirus-positive specimens were recovered from 143 afrikander calves on two farms in the northeastern cape of south africa during late 1988 and 1989. the rotavirus strains were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the rna genome, and four rotavirus rna electrophoretypes, each with a long profile, were identified. a distinct rna profile was identified on the farms during 1988, but by early 1989, two patterns existed, one unique to each farm. over the next 8 months a new electrophor ...	1993	8308133
identification of viruses with bi- and trisegmented double-stranded rna genome in faeces of children with gastroenteritis.	polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of nucleic acid extracted from faecal samples of diarrhoeic children revealed the presence of group a rotavirus in 50 (23.4%) samples and group c rotavirus in 1 (0.5%) sample out of 214 tested. one other sample showed the presence of three bands (with apparent length of 2.92, 2.37 and 1.32 kbp) which by enzymatic digestion analysis, were shown to consist of double-stranded rna (dsrna). the sample was shown by electron microscopy to contain virus particles with ...	1993	8356343
baculovirus expression of gene 6 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus (gbr): coding assignment of the major inner capsid protein.	the polypeptide product of gene 6 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus was synthesized by means of a baculovirus expression system in order to confirm the coding assignment of the gene and to develop reagents broadly reactive with heterologous strains of group b rotaviruses (gbr). earlier experiments indicated that idir virus gene 6 encoded the group-specific, major inner capsid protein, but direct confirmation of this coding assignment was not previously reported. the expression of idir viru ...	1993	8382401
homotypic and heterotypic immune responses to group a rotaviruses in parenterally immunized sheep.	immune responses to human rotaviruses were investigated in sheep with a view to obtaining antibodies for passive immunotherapy of humans. eighteen adult sheep with previous natural exposure to rotavirus serotypes g3 and g6 were immunized parenterally with purified preparations of either individual rotavirus serotypes g1, g2, g3, g4 and g8, or a mixture thereof. two additional sheep were kept as control animals with the flock. the antibody responses were measured on serial serum samples by neutra ...	1993	8382420
restriction endonuclease analysis of the vp7 genes of human and animal rotaviruses.	the vp7 genes of 194 strains of group a rotaviruses representing all known g types were analyzed with three restriction enzymes by direct digestion of amplified cdna copies or by deduction of the restriction patterns from known sequences. mammalian rotavirus strains were classified into 28 restriction patterns consisting of combinations of the 6 profiles (s1 to s6) obtained by digestion with sau96i endonuclease, 9 profiles (h1 to h9) obtained with haeiii, and 15 profiles (b1 to b15) obtained wit ...	1993	8385152
identification and baculovirus expression of the vp4 protein of the human group b rotavirus adrv.	a complete cdna copy of the fourth rna segment of the human group b rotavirus adult diarrheal rotavirus (adrv) has been cloned into lambda phage and excised into plasmid psk bluescript. gene segment 4 contains 2,303 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 16 and terminating at base 2263. the encoded protein contains 749 amino acids, with a calculated molecular mass of 84.4 kda and a pi of 6.1. gene 4 cdna was inserted into a recombinant baculovirus via homologous recombin ...	1993	8386274
group a rotaviruses produce extrahepatic biliary obstruction in orally inoculated newborn mice.	extrahepatic biliary atresia is a devastating disease occurring in 1 in 10,000 to 14,000 infants annually in the united states. we have recently described preliminary data suggesting an association of group c rotavirus with biliary atresia in two infants. however, a group c rotavirus animal model of biliary atresia is not presently available. on the other hand, some strains of the better-characterized and much more common group a rotaviruses produce hepatobiliary disease in infant mice. this dis ...	1993	8386833
serum and salivary responses to oral tetravalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine in newborns.	serum and salivary responses of 95 infants to either a standard (4 x 10(4) plaque-forming units (pfu), 47 neonates) or a high dose (4 x 10(5) pfu, 48 neonates) of tetravalent reassortant rhesus rotavirus vaccine (administered at 2 days and at 6 weeks of age) were evaluated in a double-blind clinical trial. serum and salivary iga antibodies to the rotavirus group a common antigen were determined by elisa and radioimmunoassay (ria). serum neutralizing antibodies to rhesus rotavirus were determined ...	1993	8387410
rotavirus protein nsp3 (ns34) is bound to the 3' end consensus sequence of viral mrnas in infected cells.	interaction between viral proteins and rnas has been studied in rotavirus-infected cells. the use of uv cross-linking followed by immunoprecipitation and labeling with t4 polynucleotide kinase allowed us to detect interactions between rna and nonstructural viral proteins. the rnas linked to the nonstructural protein nsp3 have been identified as rotavirus mrnas, and the sequences of the rnase t1-protected fragments have been established. these sequences correspond to the 3' end sequence common to ...	1993	8388495
independent segregation of the vp4 and the vp7 genes in bovine rotaviruses as confirmed by vp4 sequence analysis of g8 and g10 bovine rotavirus strains.	we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the vp4 genes of five bovine rotavirus strains (a5, 61a, a44, b223 and kk3). the deduced vp4 amino acid sequence of strain a5 with g8 serotype specificity is 91.1% identical to that of strain ncdv of the serotype g6, and strain 61a with g10 serotype specificity has a vp4 amino acid sequence (95.2% identity) similar to that of the uk strain of the g6 serotype. in contrast, the vp4 amino acid sequences of strains a44, b223 and kk3 of the g10 serot ...	1993	8389807
sequence analysis of group b rotavirus gene 1 and definition of a rotavirus-specific sequence motif within the rna polymerase gene.	the complete nucleic acid sequence was determined for the largest genomic segment of the idir strain of group b rotavirus and compared with rna polymerase genes of rotavirus groups a and c as well as other rna viruses. idir gene 1 contained 3509 bases with a single, long open reading frame which encoded a deduced polypeptide of 1159 amino acids (mw = 131.6 kda; pl 8.851). the deduced amino acid sequence of idir gene 1 shared 50% similar sequences and 27.6% identical sequences with vp1 of the rf ...	1993	8390749
nucleotide sequence of gene 6 of avian-like group a rotavirus 993/83.	two cdna clones, which hybridized in northern blots to rna segment 6 of the homologous avian-like group a rotavirus (rv) 993/83 and pigeon rv po-13, but not to mammalian group a rotaviruses, were sequenced. the gene 6 sequence contained a single long open reading frame encoding a protein of 397 amino acids (total mw 44,460). comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with vp6 protein from mammalian group a rv revealed 72 to 74.3% of amino acid identity. these values are surprisingly low in vi ...	1993	8393250
[cat sera neutralize rotaviruses of serotype g3].	group a rotaviruses play an important role for the induction of gastroenteritis. seroepidemiological studies evaluating the situation in humans have been performed previously. in this study data concerning the importance of group a rotavirus infections and the contribution of the most important serotypes are given for the domestic cat. 91% of the observed sera showed antibodies neutralizing serotype g 3. antibodies with neutralizing properties directed against other important human serotypes cou ...	1993	8393401
a one-year survey of rotavirus strains from three locations in bangladesh.	group a rotavirus strains from 3 locations in bangladesh collected over one year were examined. serotypes 1-4 were found throughout in 2 locations, whereas an epidemic of rv diarrhoea due to a single rotavirus strain occurred in one location.	1993	8394689
gene 5 of the idir agent (group b rotavirus) encodes a protein equivalent to ns34 of group a rotavirus.	gene 5 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in rbc lysates in order to identify the coding assignment. the complete nucleic acid sequence of idir gene 5 included 1306 bases and encoded a single long open reading frame of 390 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 44.8 kda. comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence indicated substantial identity with the ns34 protein of group a rotaviruses (gar). like gar ns34, the product deduced from idir ...	1993	8395119
experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free turkey poults with single and combined enterovirus and group a rotavirus.	this study was designed to investigate the effects of orally administered single and combined enterovirus and group a rotavirus in specific-pathogen-free poults of different ages. clinical signs, body-weight gain, d-xylose absorption, and morphometric analysis revealed that poults given the combined enterovirus/rotavirus inoculum were more severely affected than poults that received either inoculum alone. the poults developed a malabsorption syndrome early in the disease process, but by day 8 po ...	1993	8395805
isolation and identification of rotaviruses as aetiological agents of neonatal diarrhoea in kids. electrophoretical characterization by page.	six strains of cytopathogenic enteric virus for the continuous cell line ma-104 were isolated from samples of the diarrhoeic stools of kids (capra hyrcus) with acute enteritis. the samples were obtained from two stock farms (rm and si) in central italy. four viruses from the rm stock were identified as rotaviruses of the antigenic group a by the elisa test performed with sa-11 antirotavirus monoclonal antibodies and the direct immunofluorescence test with igg bovine antirotavirus. electrophoreti ...	1993	8396195
distinct yearly change of serotype distribution of human rotavirus in thailand as determined by elisa and pcr.	a total of 241 group a rotavirus-positive stool samples collected from diarrhoeic patients in thailand between july 1988 and june 1991 were characterized for their serotypes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies and by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr). in july 1988-june 1989, serotype 1 was the most prevalent (63.4%), followed by serotype 4 (11.0%) and serotype 2 (8.5%). in july 1989-june 1990, 59.8% were serotype 1, 24.3% were serotype 2, an ...	1993	8405164
detection of rotavirus serotypes g1, g2, g3, and g11 in feces of diarrheic calves by using polymerase chain reaction-derived cdna probes.	on the basis of antigenic variability in the vp7 outer capsid glycoprotein, at least 14 g serotypes exist for group a rotaviruses. serotypic diversity exists among bovine rotaviruses (brv), with serotypes g1, g6, g8, and g10 reported for cattle. although g1 and g8 rotaviruses were originally described for humans, the recent isolation of g6 and g10 rotaviruses from humans further emphasizes the serotypic similarity between human and bovine rotaviruses and the possible zoonotic potential of rotavi ...	1993	8408573
genomic concatemerization/deletion in rotaviruses: a new mechanism for generating rapid genetic change of potential epidemiological importance.	three variants of group a rotavirus with large changes in their gene 5 structures have been analyzed at the molecular level. the first of these, p9 delta 5, was obtained during plaque purification undertaken as part of the biological cloning of a field isolate of virus. the gene 5 homolog in this isolate migrated just ahead of the normal segment 6 rna, giving an estimated size of 1,300 bp. molecular cloning and sequencing of this homolog revealed it to have a single 308-bp deletion in the center ...	1993	8411365
enteric adenovirus infection among infants with diarrhea in rural bangladesh.	a total of 4,409 stool specimens from infants less than 5 years of age seeking treatment for diarrhea in matlab, bangladesh, were tested for the presence of adenoviruses by using an enzyme immunoassay (eia). eia-positive stool samples were serotyped with monoclonal antibodies specific for adenovirus type 40 (ad40) and ad41 and group antigen, inoculated into graham g293 cells, and retested by eia. of adenovirus-positive cultures, 125 (2.8%) specimens were confirmed as enteric adenoviruses (eads), ...	1993	8458940
the nonstructural glycoprotein of rotavirus affects intracellular calcium levels.	rotavirus infection of monkey kidney cells has been reported to result in a significant increase in the concentration of intracellular calcium. this increase in intracellular calcium was associated with viral protein synthesis and cytopathic effects in infected cells. we tested the effect of individual rotavirus proteins on intracellular calcium concentrations in insect spodoptera frugiperda (sf9) cells. insect cells were infected with wild-type baculovirus or baculovirus recombinants that conta ...	1994	8254736
rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in buffalo calves in sri lanka.	faecal samples from 150 buffalo calves, one to 150 days old, located in various districts of sri lanka, were examined for group a rotavirus antigen by a screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). positive samples were confirmed by the blocking elisa. in the calves studied 27.3 per cent were diarrhoeic, and the rest were non-diarrhoeic but were in contact with the animals showing diarrhoea. antigen was detected in 36.6 per cent of the diarrhoeic animals and in 11.9 per cent of the non-d ...	1994	8073194
four nucleotides are the minimal requirement for rna recognition by rotavirus non-structural protein nsp3.	the interaction of the group a rotavirus non-structural protein nsp3 (nsp3a) with rna has been studied in vitro. using semi-purified nsp3a protein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus and in vitro synthesized rna, we determined by uv cross-linking and gel retardation assays that nsp3a binds, in a sequence-specific manner, the consensus sequence (augugacc) present on the 3' ends of all group a rotavirus mrnas. using short oligoribonucleotides, we established that the minimal rna sequence requir ...	1994	8076612
serotypic differentiation of rotaviruses in field samples from diarrheic pigs by using nucleic acid probes specific for porcine vp4 and human and porcine vp7 genes.	of 216 fecal and intestinal samples collected from nursing or weaned diarrheic pigs in the united states and canada, 57 were identified as group a rotavirus positive by rna electrophoresis and silver staining. fifty-seven and 52 rotavirus-positive samples were analyzed by hybridization with gottfried and osu pcr-derived gene 9 and 4 probes, respectively. only 17 samples were identified with either homologous vp4 (p)- or vp7 (g)-coding genes or both. one rotavirus identified as g4 and p7 was simi ...	1994	8150940
[viral etiology in travellers' diarrhea].	virological examinations were performed on stools obtained from 1,264 overseas travellers with diarrhea at nagoya international airport between 1986 and 1991. group a rotavirus was detected in 11 samples (0.87%) by latex agglutination method, but other viral agents such as atypical rotaviruses and small round structured viruses were not observed by electron microscopic analysis. rotaviruses were detected in various age groups, but the positive rate of rotavirus in females (6/398) was higher than ...	1994	8151145
cloning sequencing and expression of the gene encoding the vp2 protein of the human group b rotavirus, adrv.	adult diarrheal rotavirus, adrv, is a noncultivable human group b rotavirus. a complete cdna copy of adrv gene segment 2 has been cloned and sequenced. gene segment 2 contains 2844 bases and encodes one long open reading frame beginning at base 14 and terminating at base 2812. gene 2 encodes a protein containing 933 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 105.6 kda and a pl of 5.5. the gene 2 polypeptide contains significant homology with the vp2 protein which comprises the core of gro ...	1994	8178482
deletion mapping of the rotavirus metalloprotein ns53 (nsp1): the conserved cysteine-rich region is essential for virus-specific rna binding.	ns53 (nsp1), the gene 5 product of the group a rotaviruses, is a minor nonstructural protein of 486 to 495 amino acids which binds zinc and contains an amino-terminal highly conserved cysteine-rich region that may form one or two zinc fingers. to study the structure-function of the gene 5 product, wild-type and mutant forms of ns53 were produced by using a recombinant baculovirus expression system and a recombinant vaccinia virus/t7 (vtf7-3) expression system. analysis of the rna-binding activit ...	1994	8189533
group b rotavirus vp2: sequence analysis, expression, and gene coding assignment.	the second largest genomic segment of the idir strain (infectious diarrhea of infant rats) of group b rotavirus (gbr) was completely sequenced, cloned, and expressed in insect cells, and its gene coding assignment was determined. the sequence of idir virus gene 2 (idirg2) contained 2847 bp with a single, long open reading frame that encoded a deduced polypeptide of 934 amino acids (m(r) 106 kda, pi 5.325). bestfit homology indicated that the predicted amino acid sequence of idirg2 shared 46.5% s ...	1994	8116237
expression and sequence analysis of gene 7 of the idir agent (group b rotavirus): similarity with ns53 of group a rotavirus.	the seventh genomic segment of the idir strain of group b rotavirus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in vitro in order to evaluate the gene coding assignment by comparison with group a rotaviruses (gar). viral genomic rna for these reactions was obtained directly from fecal specimens of infected infant rats. idir virus gene 7 (idirg7) contained 1276 bp. both 5' and 3' termini resembled those reported for other idir virus genomic segments. two open reading frames (orf) were predicted from the ...	1994	8116245
mapping of antigenic sites involved in serotype-cross-reactive neutralization on group a rotavirus outercapsid glycoprotein vp7.	two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) were utilized to locate amino acid (aa) residues involved in the formation of serotype-cross-reactive epitopes on the vp7 of selected group a rotaviruses. n-mab 954/159/13 neutralized g serotype 3 as well as porcine g serotype 4 rotaviruses, whereas n-mab 57/8 neutralized g serotype 3, 4, 6, 9, and 10 strains. neutralization-resistant variants of each serotype were selected in the presence of these two monoclonal antibodies. sequence analysis of th ...	1994	8116249
epidemiological study of norwalk virus infections in japan and southeast asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with norwalk virus capsid protein produced by the baculovirus expression system.	in this study, we investigated norwalk virus (nv) antigen and antibody to recombinant nv (rnv) in human populations in japan and southeast asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). baculovirus-expressed recombinant nv (rnv) capsid protein was used for preparing antisera to rnv or used as an antigen for detecting antibody to rnv. the elisas were specific for nv and had sensitivities equivalent to or higher than those of the previously developed radioimmunoassays. in 159 stool samples o ...	1994	8126165
equine rotaviruses with g14 serotype specificity circulate among venezuelan horses.	two group a rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic foals in venezuela were classified as belonging to g14 serotype by cross-neutralization tests and on the basis of the homology of the sequenced vp7 gene. this report confirms that rotavirus strains of g14 serotype specificity circulate among equine populations.	1994	7814511