Publications

natural transmission of group a rotavirus within a pig population.	five litters of piglets born within two days of each other, together with their dams, were investigated for faecal excretion of group a rotavirus antigen from birth to two months old. all the 50 piglets in these litters became infected with the virus between 19 and 35 days old. rotavirus excretion was first seen in one litter which was housed with other litters not included in this study. two days later, piglets of the second litter in another farrowing room began to excrete rotavirus, and then ...	1989	2544970
infection by enteric adenoviruses, rotaviruses, and other agents in a rural african environment.	from february 1985 to january 1986, 432 stool samples, 310 from rural african children with diarrhea and 122 from controls, were analysed for the presence of enteric viruses known to be associated with diarrhea. group a rotavirus elisa indicated 12.9% positivity among patients and 2.5% positivity among controls. only 23 of the 43 rotavirus elisa-positive stools were also positive by electron microscopy. nine children, three of whom were controls, were found to be shedding coronavirus-like partic ...	1989	2547021
rapid detection of human rotavirus strains in stools by single-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay systems using monoclonal antibodies.	using murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) raised against the common antigen of group a rotavirus (rv), two single-sandwich elisa systems were developed for detection of rv in stools: one using polyclonal antibody (pab) as capture and a mab as detector antibody (referred to as pab-mab assay); and the other based on the use of two different mabs as capture and detector antibodies (referred to as mab-mab assay). in each single-sandwich elisa system, samples and peroxidase-labeled mab were incubated ...	1989	2547818
comparative virulence of two porcine group-a rotavirus isolates in gnotobiotic pigs.	the virulence of 2 porcine group-a rotavirus isolates was compared. forty hysterotomy-derived 3-day-old gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated orally with 2 ml of intestinal homogenate containing either the ohio state university (osu) or the south dakota state university (sdsu) strain of porcine rotavirus or were inoculated with medium only. clinical signs of disease, body weight, distribution of viral antigen, fecal excretion of virus, and histologic lesions (observed by light and scanning electron m ...	1989	2548420
characterization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using subgroup- and serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies of human rotavirus obtained from diarrheic patients in bangladesh.	by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with group a-, subgroup-, and serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs), we tested 414 stool specimens collected from pediatric and adult patients hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis between january and june 1988. of 414 specimens tested, 124 (30%) were positive for group a rotavirus. the subgroup was determined in 110 specimens (88.7%); 16.1% were subgroup i, and 72.6% were subgroup ii. two specimens reacted with both subgroup i- and subgroup ii-spe ...	1989	2549093
studies on rotavirus homologous and heterologous active immunity in infant mice.	homologous and heterologous active immunity was studied in mice with mammalian group a rotaviruses. one day old mice were vaccinated with one of the following rotaviruses: bovine b641 (serotype 6), bovine b223 (untyped), simian sa11 (serotype 3) and murine edim (untyped). at 10 days of age they were challenged with edim virulent virus or sa11 virus. all the vaccines induced a serological antibody response in the mice but only the homologous immune response was protective.	1989	2550022
subgroup and serotype distributions of human, bovine, and porcine rotavirus in thailand.	the subgroup and serotype specificities of human, bovine, and porcine group a rotaviruses in stool specimens collected in thailand were examined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using subgroup- and serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. a clear yearly change was observed in the serotype distribution of human rotavirus. between 1983 and 1984, serotype 4 was the most prevalent, while the highest frequency of serotype 2 was found between 1987 and 1988. all the bovine and porcine rotavir ...	1989	2550515
prospective study of community-acquired rotavirus infection.	we determined titers of group a rotavirus common antibodies and neutralizing antibodies against serotypes 1 to 4 of prototype human rotavirus (hrv) in cord blood and serum specimens obtained from 38 infants at 4-month intervals from birth until 2 years of age. nineteen of the infants developed one episode of hrv diarrhea each, and they were matched by age and birth weight with the other 19 infants, who did not develop hrv diarrhea during the follow-up period. we estimated the incidence rate of h ...	1989	2550518
serological characterization of bovine rotaviruses isolated from dairy and beef herds in argentina.	bovine rotaviruses isolated from beef and dairy herds in argentina were serotyped by the immunoperoxidase focus reduction assay as previously described (g. gerna, m. battaglia, g. milenesi, n. passarani, e. percivalle, and e. cattaneo, infect. immun. 43:722-729, 1984). three strains from beef herds were related to the uk and ncdv bovine rotavirus strains defined as serotype 6 (y. hoshino, r. g. wyatt, h. b. greenberg, j. flores, and a. z. kapikian, j. infect. dis. 149:694-702, 1984). two other s ...	1989	2553769
rapid screening test for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection.	the early diagnosis of human rotavirus infection is essential for effective patient management and infection control. we report here a rapid, easy-to-perform, and inexpensive test for rotavirus detection. the viral rna is extracted directly from the stools and electrophoresed on 1% agarose gels. currently available immunoassays for routine diagnostic purposes are directed at the common group a-specific antigen. as reports become available on human gastroenteritis caused by the atypical or novel ...	1989	2555394
temporal and geographical distributions of human rotavirus serotypes, 1983 to 1988.	between 1983 and 1988, subgroups and serotypes were determined for 907 of 1,084 clinical specimens of rotaviruses collected in various countries of europe, north and south america, africa, and asia. enhanced enzyme immunoassays based on monoclonal antibodies specific for rotavirus proteins vp6 and vp7 were used. significant differences in the prevalent serotypes were detected from year to year in the united kingdom and brazil and also in different countries during the same year. throughout the s ...	1989	2556435
detection and survival of group a rotavirus in a piggery.	samples of dust, faeces and effluent were collected from a piggery and examined for group a rotavirus, using a commercial elisa test, electron microscopy and inoculation of ma-104 cells. rotavirus antigen was demonstrated in samples collected from farrowing and weaner rooms but not from fattener and sow houses. rotavirus antigen was also detected in samples collected from a weaner room which had been free of piglets for three months. a cytopathic porcine rotavirus (british isolate sw20/21) was k ...	1989	2557702
studies on attenuation of rotavirus. a comparison in piglets between virulent virus and its attenuated derivative.	the development of rotavirus vaccines against acute gastroenteritis for human infants has been accorded a very high priority. several vaccine candidates all of which are live cultivated strains of animal origin have been tested in humans. however the nature of attenuation of these viruses for humans is unknown. in this study we have attenuated a pig rotavirus by 15 sequential passages in cell culture after which the virus no longer causes diarrhoea in piglets. the pathogenesis of infection of th ...	1989	2558635
presence of group a and non-a rotaviruses in neonatal piglets in campinas, sp, brazil.	rotaviruses were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) in 11 (84.6%) of 13 faecal specimens from neonatal piglets with acute diarrhoea in a piggery near the city of campinas, state of são paulo, brazil. an immunoenzimatic assay for group a rotavirus (iea-a) was positive in ten of the samples, all of which showed a page profile typical of that group. another sample was showed a group b profile in page. an immunoenzimatic assay specific for group b (iea-b) for this faecal sample wa ...	1989	2559308
kinetics of intestinal replication of group b rotavirus and relevance to diagnostic methods.	non-group-a rotaviruses have been implicated with increasing frequency as causes of acute gastroenteritis in humans and other animals. however, the incidence and significance of infection with these agents, as well as appropriate diagnostic strategies for making these determinations, are largely unknown. studies to make these determinations could be more accurately conducted if the relationship between the viral replication kinetics and the particular diagnostic method used is understood. we thu ...	1988	2830307
non-group a rotavirus infection associated with severe gastroenteritis in a bone marrow transplant patient.		1988	2830587
group a rotavirus excretion patterns in naturally infected pigs.	cross-sectional and cohort studies were conducted in a piggery to investigate the excretion pattern of group a rotavirus in pigs. the cross-sectional survey revealed that 47 (9 per cent) of 521 pigs sampled were excreting rotavirus in the faeces. no rotavirus antigen was detected in the faeces of pigs either less than one week or over two months old. the prevalence of infection increased with age over the sucking period, and was greatest at five weeks old. diarrhoea was observed in only eight (1 ...	1987	2832911
[heterologous system of immunoenzyme analysis for the diagnosis of human rotavirus infection and its comparison with rna electrophoresis].	on the basis of porcine rotavirus a heterologous eia test system was worked out and tested for diagnosis of human rotavirus infection. a high sensitivity and specificity of the test system was demonstrated, its results were compared with those of electron microscopy, diffuse precipitation test, and rna electrophoresis. out of 201 specimens (fecal filtrates) collected from children ranging in ages from 14 days to 10 years, rotavirus antigen was detected in 68 (33.8%) rna electrophoresis demonstra ...	1988	2835872
partial characterization of a bovine group a rotavirus with a short genome electropherotype.	a group a rotavirus (id isolate) recovered from a diarrheic beef calf possessed a short genome electropherotype. this short genome electropherotype was a stable characteristic of the id isolate as it remained unchanged through 3 passages in gnotobiotic calves or through 19 passages in ma104 cell cultures. subgroup analysis with monoclonal antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay established that the isolate was a subgroup 1 rotavirus. neutralization tests demonstrated that this isolate ...	1988	2838513
isolation of two new serotypes of porcine rotavirus from pigs with diarrhea.	two group a rotaviruses (isu-64 and isu-65) with subgroup i antigen were isolated from pigs with diarrhea and were shown by two-way neutralization tests to be two new serotypes of porcine rotavirus.	1988	2839130
serial propagation of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) in a continuous cell line and characterization of the passaged virus.	the cowden strain of porcine group c rotavirus (pararotavirus) was adapted to serial passage in a continuous monkey kidney cell line (ma104). key factors in its successful adaptation included use of virus passaged in primary porcine kidney cells as the initial inoculum, use of roller tubes, and addition of pancreatin to the maintenance medium. a cell culture immunofluorescence test was used to quantitate the virus at each passage level, since a possible cytopathic effect was obscured by the effe ...	1988	2842368
use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and analysis of viral rna in the detection of unusual group a human rotaviruses.	immuno-enzymatic assay employing monoclonal antibodies and viral rna analysis by gel electrophoresis were used to classify human group a rotaviruses (hrv) into subgroups i and ii. of 249 fecal samples positive for group a rotaviruses, 29 (11%) belonged to subgroup i and 215 (85%) were identified as subgroup ii. two samples (ro-302 and ro-500) contained mixed infections of the two subgroups. three isolates belonged to neither one of the two subgroups, but they did not yield enough viral rna to al ...	1988	2844982
rotavirus epidemiology in vellore, south india: group, subgroup, serotype, and electrophoretype.	rotaviruses were detected in 163 of 916 (17.8%) specimens collected from children under 3 years of age with gastroenteritis in vellore, south india, between august 1983 and july 1985. rotaviruses were detected throughout the study period, with a peak prevalence in december to february (winter) and june to august (southwest monsoon season). a total of 117 rotavirus strains were tested for subgroup, serotype, and rotavirus double-stranded rna electrophoretic migration pattern; 24.8% of the strains ...	1988	2853177
serological evidence of rotavirus infection in a guinea pig colony.	antibodies reacting with simian rotavirus sa11 were detected by enzyme immunoassay (eia) and western blot assay (wba) in sera from guinea pigs bred for experimental use at the fundação oswaldo cruz, rio de janeiro, brazil. the proportion of antibody-positive animals and the antibody titres rose sharply in 1985, were maintained at a high levels in 1986 and declined in 1987. there were no obvious signs of disease coinciding with serological evidence of infection. results of wba suggest that the vi ...	1988	2856077
evidence that a novel rotavirus-like agent of rats can cause gastroenteritis in man.	a rotavirus-like agent known to cause gastroenteritis in rats was also found to be associated with diarrhoea in a human population. serological studies indicated that infection with this virus is prevalent in children and adults living in baltimore, maryland. the virus is antigenically and genomically distinct from group a rotaviruses and this should be borne in mind in efforts to develop vaccines for protection against infantile gastroenteritis.	1985	2861512
detection of rotaviruses by nucleic acid hybridization with cloned dna of simian rotavirus sa11 genes.	we developed a dot-blot hybridization assay to detect rotaviral rna sequences in tissue culture or in clinical samples. 32p-labeled cloned cdna probes of the simian rotavirus sa11 specifically detected rotaviral rna sequences and were more sensitive for detecting sa11 than was the commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay rotazyme test. a full-length probe of sa11 gene 6 detected 2.5 x 10(5) sa11 particles or approximately 0.27 ng of purified sa11 dsrna. combined probes from genes 6 and 9 det ...	1985	2993434
etiologic studies of the 1983 and 1984 outbreaks of epidemic diarrhea in guangxi.	studies are reported on two outbreaks of epidemic diarrhea in china involving 19,007 patients. the first outbreak occurred in the northern part of the guangxi autonomous region and extended south from april through september 1983. in june 1984 a second outbreak of 6,570 cases occurred in guanyang, a county in the northern part of guangxi. 125 fecal samples from the two outbreaks were cultured for bacteria; all of the samples except one were negative. rotavirus particles were detected in 44.1% (1 ...	1985	2999028
replication of atypical ovine rotavirus in small intestine and cell culture.	colostrum-deprived lambs experimentally infected with an atypical ovine rotavirus isolated from naturally scouring animals, and a naturally infected colostrum-deprived lamb, were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase labelling, and electron microscopy. a hyperimmune serum to the virus was produced in a gnotobiotic lamb and used to demonstrate antigen in the villous epithelial cells of the small intestine from infected animals. scanning and transmission electron microscopy of tissue ...	1986	3005481
genome analysis of human rotaviruses by oligonucleotide mapping of isolated rna segments.	the genomes of adult diarrhoea rotaviruses isolated in different parts of china during winter outbreaks in 1983 and 1984 were compared by segmental oligonucleotide (on) mapping. the rna profiles of most of the isolates were indistinguishable but it was found that some corresponding rna segments had identical or very closely related on maps whereas others differed considerably. this finding can be taken to suggest that the strains compared may be genetically related by a natural reassortment even ...	1986	3014782
isolation and serial propagation of turkey rotaviruses in a fetal rhesus monkey kidney (ma104) cell line.	turkey rotaviruses from the intestinal contents of poults were isolated and serially propagated in ma104 cell monolayers by a simple procedure. the initial virus isolation was done by low-speed centrifugation of the inoculum onto the monolayers, and subsequent passages were accomplished in roller-tube monolayers using trypsin-treated virus suspensions. each of the turkey rotavirus isolates possessed the morphologic, antigenic, and genomic attributes characteristic of turkey group a rotaviruses. ...	1986	3015110
identification of a bovine enteric syncytial virus as a nongroup a rotavirus.	an atypical or nongroup a rotavirus was identified in feces obtained from gnotobiotic calves in which fecal preparations originally derived during an epizootic of neonatal calf diarrhea had been serially passaged. the epizootic was previously reported to be caused by a noncharacterized viral agent that induced the formation of epithelial syncytia on small intestinal villi of experimentally infected calves. this bovine, nongroup a rotavirus was found to be antigenically related to a described aty ...	1986	3021026
incidence of group a and atypical rotaviruses in brazilian pig herds.	the incidence of rotaviruses as a gastroenteritis causal agent in piglets was studied in 19 pig herds of sao paulo state, brazil, during 1985. from 302 diarrhoea samples collected during january (summer), 65 were positive for rotavirus when analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). sixty-two of these samples belonged to the classical group a rotavirus, three to atypical rotaviruses (elisa negative and probably group b) and one elicited a ...	1986	3022362
characterisation of rotavirus isolates from sub-clinically infected calves by genome profile analysis.	rotaviruses isolated from 43 sub-clinically infected calves from a single farm were analysed by genome profile analysis. the isolates showed genomic variation and eight different profiles were observed, including one which was atypical for group a rotaviruses. the 3' terminal labelling method for the analysis of genome profiles used in this study required only 1 ng of viral rna, an increase of 1000-fold in sensitivity over ethidium bromide staining for detecting all rotavirus genome segments. ho ...	1987	3027953
physicochemical characterization of porcine pararotavirus and detection of virus and viral antibodies using cell culture immunofluorescence.	a cell culture immunofluorescence (ccif) assay was optimized for detection of porcine pararotavirus (group c rotavirus) in intestinal contents. the greatest viral infectivity was observed when ma104 cells (5 days after subculturing) were rinsed and refed in serum-free medium before inoculation, pancreatin was added to the inocula, and the inocula were centrifuged onto the cells. gentamicin treatment of pararotavirus samples to reduce bacterial contamination also reduced the viral infectivity of ...	1987	3029161
age-related infections with rotavirus, rotaviruslike virus, and atypical rotavirus in turkey flocks.	the genome electropherotyping technique was used in longitudinal surveys to detect group a rotavirus, rotaviruslike virus (rvlv), atypical rotavirus (atr), and reovirus in intestinal contents or fecal specimens collected from turkeys in 10 commercial and 2 research station flocks. these viruses were detected in turkeys from 8 to 10 commercial flocks surveyed. of 278 specimens collected from turkeys less then 29 days old in commercial flocks, 79 (28.4%) contained one or more viruses, whereas only ...	1987	3029167
isolation and characterization of two group a rotaviruses with unusual genome profiles.	analysis of the genomic dsrna of rotaviruses isolated from calves with subclinical infections has revealed eight calves excreting group a viruses with unusual genome profiles. two of these virus strains, c7-176 and c7-183, were grown and cloned by plaque purification in cell culture. examination of their genome profiles after cloning showed that the unusual pattern had been retained. they were without rna segment 11 but had an extra band (6a) migrating between segments 6 and 7. however, they con ...	1987	3029296
detection of antibody to group b adult diarrhea rotaviruses in humans.	group b rotaviruses have been responsible for annual epidemics of severe diarrhea affecting both adults and children in china. we developed a specific and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent blocking assay to detect antibody to group b rotaviruses that will be useful to assess the role of group b rotavirus infections as a cause of human gastroenteritis. we tested 219 human sera and 18 immunoglobulin pools collected from eight countries for antibodies to both group a and group b rotaviruses. ov ...	1987	3034964
comparative pathology of infection by novel diarrhoea viruses.	examination of diarrhoeic faeces in the electron microscope often reveals viruses that are presumed to be enteropathogenic. lesions caused by novel rotaviruses were similar to those of group a rotaviruses, but enterocyte syncytia were seen which are probably pathognomonic for novel rotaviruses. in adenovirus infection in piglets, mature enterocytes were infected and destroyed; intranuclear inclusion bodies were seen in infected enterocytes. calici-like viruses infected mature enterocytes in calv ...	1987	3036441
nucleic acid-based analyses of non-group a rotaviruses.	simple genome profile studies on polyacrylamide gels allow all non-group a rotaviruses isolated so far to be recognized by the absence of the tight triplet (7-9) of rna segments seen in all group a viruses. however, reliance solely on genome profile studies for rotavirus grouping can be misleading and, for virus group definition, additional corroborating nucleic acid and serological studies are essential. terminal fingerprint analysis was the first generation of nucleic acid-based assays that al ...	1987	3036444
seroepidemiology and molecular epidemiology of the chinese rotavirus.	the chinese rotavirus which causes epidemics of diarrhoea in adult humans was isolated in 1983. this virus, designated adult diarrhoea rotavirus (adrv), resembles typical rotaviruses morphologically and has a genome made up of 11 discrete segments of double-stranded rna. because the chinese rotavirus has a unique rna pattern on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and is antigenically distinct from group a rotaviruses, it is tentatively included in group b. infection with adrv or adrv-related viru ...	1987	3036445
novel rotaviruses in animals and man.	novel (non-group a) rotaviruses have many of the morphological, biochemical and biological properties described originally for group a rotaviruses but they do not share the same group antigens. by negative-stain electron microscopy, novel rotaviruses have the characteristic rotavirus morphology, although with some novel rotaviruses the characteristic single- and double-shelled particles may not be readily apparent. comparison of novel rotaviruses in serological tests has revealed the existence o ...	1987	3036446
first report of an epidemic of diarrhoea in human neonates involving the new rotavirus and biological characteristics of the epidemic virus strain (kmb/r85).	an outbreak of diarrhoea in neonates occurred at the nurseries of the department of obstetrics of zhao tong regional hospital, yunnan province, from the middle of august to the end of november, 1985. fifty-one percent of children were affected 2-8 days after birth. the clinical symptoms were mild; patients mainly had diarrhoea and did not vomit. rotaviruses were detected in 66.7% by rna page and in 72.7% by em. the virus strain designated as kmb/r85 had a typical morphology, which was indistingu ...	1987	3040899
detection of human calicivirus antigen and antibody by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed to detect human calicivirus (hcv) antigen and antibody to hcv. the elisas were specific for hcv and as sensitive as a previously developed radioimmunoassay. these elisas were used to search for evidence of hcv infection in the united states, where hcv gastroenteritis has rarely been reported. one hundred sixty-three stool samples collected from children hospitalized with diarrhea were examined; one sample was positive in the elisa. typic ...	1988	3182991
isolation of an atypical rotavirus causing diarrhea in neonatal ferrets.	a rotavirus was isolated from neonatal ferrets (mustela putorius furo) with diarrhea at a large commercial farm. this virus is classified as an atypical rotavirus, probably belonging to the group c rotaviruses. this classification is based on the lack of the rotavirus group a common antigen and on its distinct dsrna electropherotype pattern in polyacrylamide gels. the diarrheal disease was reproduced experimentally in neonatal ferrets.	1987	3599884
rapid detection of enteric adenovirus and rotavirus: a simple method using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	a simple and rapid procedure for identifying adenovirus and rotavirus in stool extracts has been developed. the technique is based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virus nucleic acid, but sample preparation is straightforward and does not entail phenol extraction or the use of a radioactive label. furthermore, processing is not influenced by the amount of specimen obtained and is thus suitable for application as a batch testing method. this approach removes the need for specific anti ...	1984	6096404
rotavirus: a cause of nosocomial infection in the nursery.		1982	6284903
rotavirus and hemolytic enteropathogenic escherichia coli in weanling diarrhea of pigs.	since the turn of the century, escherichia coli has been implicated in the etiology of weanling diarrhea (colibacillosis). however, rotavirus--a virus that destroys enterocytes--has been shown recently to be causally associated with weanling diarrhea of pigs. the role of both rotavirus and hemolytic enteropathogenic e. coli in weanling diarrhea was assessed in this study. pigs from a closed herd were farrowed and weaned by two markedly different systems: an "intensive care sanitary" system and a ...	1982	6296193
serological and genomic characterisation of group a rotaviruses from lambs.	four lamb rotaviruses were characterised serologically by reactions with monoclonal antibodies and genomically by hybridisation assays and sequencing. each was found to be distinct. three viruses belonged to the bovine genogroup and were of subgroup i. these viruses possessed serotypes g3, g6, and g10. their corresponding p types were p1, p11, and p14 respectively. the only previous isolation of a rotavirus with vp4 of type p14 was also from lambs. the fourth isolate was g9p8, which is the first ...	1995	7487486
neutralizing antibody immune response in children with primary and secondary rotavirus infections.	we have characterized the neutralizing antibody immune response to six human rotavirus serotypes (g1 to g4, g8, and g9) in brazilian children with primary and secondary rotavirus infections and correlated the response with the g serotype of the infecting rotavirus strain. twenty-five children were studied: 17 had a single rotavirus infection, 4 were reinfected once, and 4 experienced three infections. two of the reinfections were by non-group a rotaviruses. among the 25 primary infections, we ob ...	1994	7496929
isolation and preliminary characterization of a caprine rotavirus.	five cytopathic rotavirus strains were isolated in ma104 cells from stool specimens of kids with diarrhoea. pre-treatment of the virus with trypsin and incorporation of low levels of trypsin in the maintenance medium were important for the successful cultivation of the strains in these cells. the isolates were shown to be group a rotaviruses by antigenic reactivity with a group a monoclonal antibody. this was confirmed by the migration patterns of the viral rna genome during polyacrylamide gel e ...	1994	7501360
group a rotavirus g type prevalence in two regions of hungary.	rotaviruses are a major cause of gastroenteritis in children world-wide. rotaviruses are antigenically complex, with multiple serotypes (g types). the first longitudinal study of group a rotavirus serotype (g type) distribution in hungary is reported. neutralizing monoclonal antibodies specific for g1, g2, g3, and g4 were used in an enzyme immunoassay to determine the antigenic variation of group a rotaviruses in two collections of stool specimens assembled from 1984-1992 in baranya county, sout ...	1995	7503671
[experience with gamma globulins per os in the therapy and prevention of infectious diarrhea].	the efficacy of oral gammaglobulin in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhea in immunocompetent children has been evaluated in an open placebo controlled trial. moreover the efficacy of oral gammaglobulin has been tested also for treatment of chronic diarrhea in iga deficient infants and for prevention of rotavirus infection during an epidemic in the ward. 54 infants (aged 1-36 months) with acute diarrhea (30 rotavirus +) were enrolled in the study. 24 out of 54 were assigned with randomised ...	1993	7505434
rearrangement of the vp6 gene of a group a rotavirus in combination with a point mutation affecting trimer stability.	a group a rotavirus isolated from a lamb with diarrhea in qinhai province, china, was serially passaged in fetal calf kidney cells. in passage 96, rearrangements of rna segments 5 and 6 of the viral genome were found. here we report the nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequences of normal and rearranged rna 6, coding for the major inner capsid protein vp6. in comparison with the normal gene (n6), the rearranged rna 6 (r6) contained the normal open reading frame followed by a 473-nucleotide (n ...	1994	7509001
detection of group a rotavirus by reverse transcriptase and polymerase chain reaction in feces from children with acute gastroenteritis.	rt-pcr was employed to detect rotavirus infection in 450 fecal samples from children with acute diarrhoea. it was compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page) for rotavirus detection. a total of 67 samples were found positive by at least one of the three techniques. of these 67 samples, 51 were positive by all three methods, 6 were positive by elisa and rt-pcr but negative by page, 3 were positive by page and rt-pcr and negative by elisa, ...	1995	7544113
genotyping of rotaviruses isolated from sewage.	rotaviruses from environmental samples have been genotyped by a seminested reverse transcription pcr assay with serotype-specific primers derived from variable regions of gene 9, which produce different characteristic segment sizes for serotypes 1 to 4. the method enabled the detection and identification of type 1, 2, and 3 group a rotaviruses in sewage.	1995	7574652
heterogeneity of vp4 neutralization epitopes among serotype p1a human rotavirus strains.	we have used serotype-specific vp4 and vp7 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (nt-mabs), as well as subgroup (sg)-specific mabs, to characterize by enzyme immunoassay rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic infants in the city of monterrey, mexico, from july 1993 to march 1994. of a total of 465 children studied, 140 were rotavirus positive, including 3 patients infected with non-group a rotaviruses. the sg and vp7 (g) serotype specificities could be determined for 118 (84%) of the 140 rotavir ...	1995	7583936
astrovirus-like particles, adenoviruses and rotaviruses associated with diarrhoea in piglets.	faecal specimens from 1- to 7-week-old piglets (n = 251) with acute diarrhoeal illness were examined by direct negative staining electron microscopy for the presence of viral agents. rotaviruses were observed in almost 40% of cases while adenoviruses and astroviruses were also observed in 3 specimens each. the majority of the rotaviruses reacted with a commercial group a rotavirus elisa although in 11 specimens they did not react with the group a antigen and could represent atypical rotaviruses. ...	1994	7602569
molecular epidemiology of bovine rotaviruses. characterization of rotaviruses isolated from diarrhoeic calves by genome profile analysis.	fifteen bovine rotavirus group a strains were isolated in several italian regions over the period 1981-1989 from calves in ten neonatal diarrhoea outbreaks. the electrophoretical analysis of the genoma showed genomic variations and five different profiles were observed, including one with thirteen dsrna segments. the finding of extra rna fragments, with respect to the regular eleven genome segments, suggests the possibility of simultaneous or sequential infection by more than one electropherotyp ...	1995	7603347
the epidemiology of rotavirus infections: a global perspective.	rotavirus, which is the most common cause of infantile diarrhea worldwide, mainly affects infants between the ages of 6 and 24 months. most infections in human newborns are mild or asymptomatic, due to the inherently attenuated nature of the "nursery" rotavirus strains. adults are also sometimes affected, especially those in families with an infected child; the disease also occurs in closed adult communities. hiv-infected persons, travelers, or as a result of water-borne epidemics. nosocomially ...	1995	7608822
is rotavirus a population of reassortants?	rotaviruses appear to exist as heterogeneous populations of reassortants and related variants. this phenomenon is consistent with the quasispecies concept of rna viruses, and suggests that gene reassortment is a crucial evolutionary mechanism for this segmented virus. it also explains puzzling epidemiological findings and controversial results of vaccine-efficacy studies.	1995	7613759
prevalence of group a and group b rotaviruses in the feces of neonatal dairy calves from california.	136 fecal samples, collected from 47 dairy calves on a calf ranch and in a dairy herd in california, were tested for the presence of group a and group b rotaviruses by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). samples were collected from each calf at days 1, 7 and 14. within the 14 day period, 44 calves (94%) were positive for group a rotavirus and an unexpectedly high number of calves (38 calves, 81%) were positive for group b rotavirus. when these samples were examined by polya ...	1995	7621673
typing of human rotavirus vp4 by an enzyme immunoassay using monoclonal antibodies.	two different neutralization specificities exist on the outer capsid of group a rotaviruses. at least seven vp7 (g) antigenic types are distinguishable among human rotaviruses. four distinct antigenic (p) types of human rotavirus vp4 corresponding to separate rotavirus gene 4 groups have been described. the aim of this study was to identify p types in clinical specimens by developing an enzyme immunoassay, using p-type-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs). three n-mabs primarily ...	1993	7678015
epitope mapping of the major inner capsid protein of group a rotavirus using peptide synthesis.	three hundred and ninety-one consecutive heptapeptides derived from the vp6 protein of bovine rotavirus (397 aa) were synthesized using the "pepscan" method and were assayed on the synthesis pins with monoclonal antibodies to vp6. heptapeptides reactive with mabs were located in four main regions: regions aa 32-64, aa 155-167, aa 208-274, and a fourth region at the c-terminal, from aa 380 to aa 397. among these regions, two sequences were also reactive with the mabs when longer peptides were ass ...	1993	7683153
identification and expression of the outer capsid protein (vp4) of the idir strain of group b rotavirus.	the polypeptide encoded by gene 3 of the idir strain of group b rotavirus (gbr) was synthesized by means of a baculovirus expression system. immunoblot analysis identified the idir virus gene 3 product as analogous to the outer capsid protein, vp4, encoded by gene 4 of group a rotaviruses (gar). this coding assignment had previously been difficult to establish by sequence comparisons, since idir virus gene 3 shared < 20% identical amino acid sequences with any gar protein. trypsin digestion of t ...	1993	7684874
antigenic analysis of avian rotavirus vp6 using monoclonal antibodies.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were prepared to analyze antigens on the major inner capsid protein, vp6 of avian group a rotavirus. based on the results of a competitive binding assay using 15 mabs directed against vp6 of the po-13 rotavirus strain, isolated from a pigeon in japan, it was found that vp6 of avian rotavirus possesses at least four spatially distinct antigenic sites. two antigenic sites (i and ii) were topologically distinct from the other two (iii and iv), which were in close proxim ...	1993	7688504
characterization of the neutralizing epitopes of vp7 of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus.	the neutralization epitopes of the outer capsid protein vp7 of a porcine group a rotavirus were studied by using neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs). six n-mabs which were specific for the vp7 protein of the gottfried strain of porcine rotavirus (serotype g4) were used for analyzing the antigenic sites of vp7. three different approaches were used for this analysis: testing the serological reactivity of each n-mab against different g serotypes of human and animal rotaviruses, analyzing n- ...	1993	7691871
typing of human group a rotavirus with alkaline phosphatase-labeled oligonucleotide probes or a monoclonal enzyme immunoassay in unfrozen stools of children with diarrhea in bangkok.	in developed countries, serotypes (or g types) have been identified in > 70% of group a rotavirus using monoclonal enzyme immunoassays (meias); however, these assays have identified < 50% of rotavirus g types from developing countries presumably because the vp7 antigens were damaged by freezing and thawing during transportation of specimens. the vp7 (g) serotypes of rotavirus in unfrozen stool collected from children with acute diarrhea in bangkok were determined using meia and compared to hybri ...	1995	7714487
comparative amino acid sequence analysis of the major outer capsid protein (vp7) of porcine rotaviruses with g3 and g5 serotype specificities isolated in venezuela and argentina.	seven porcine group a rotavirus strains isolated in venezuela were shown to be antigenically related to serotype g3 (five strains) or to serotype g5 (two strains), whereas two strains isolated in argentina were classified as serotype g5. the serological classification of eight of these strains was confirmed by sequence analysis of the gene encoding the vp7 glycoprotein. a high degree of homology was observed among strains belonging to the same g serotype, although some variations in the serotype ...	1995	7733818
sequence analysis of cdna for the vp6 protein of group a avian rotavirus: a comparison with group a mammalian rotaviruses.	cdna corresponding to the genomic segment 6 of avian rotavirus strain po-13, which has group a common and subgroup i antigens, but does not hybridize in northern blots with rna probes from group a mammalian rotaviruses, was cloned and sequenced. when the deduced amino acid sequence was compared between strain po-13 and eight group a mammalian rotaviruses, the extent of homology ranged from 73-75%. an alignment of the amino acid sequences allowed us to identify three amino acids (positions 120, 3 ...	1995	7733831
identification of group a rotavirus genes associated with virulence of a porcine rotavirus and host range restriction of a human rotavirus in the gnotobiotic piglet model.	rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide. thus, the development of an effective rotavirus vaccine is a major public health goal. this study was performed to identify the gene or genes responsible for rotavirus virulence or host range restriction and attenuation in a natural host. such knowledge could have an important bearing on the selection of candidate live vaccine strains. we addressed this issue by analyzing the response of gnotobiotic pig ...	1995	7747480
electrophoretic typing of some strains of enteric viruses isolated in rabbits suffering from diarrhoea.	fifty strains of enteric viruses were isolated on ma-104 cell cultures from the diarrhoeic stools of rabbits from tuscan and umbrian breedings. four of these were identified by means of serological and electrophoretical assays as group a rotavirus; one produced a negative result in the elisa test and an electrophoretic pattern related to reovirus.	1995	7760761
characterization of the bovine group a rotavirus strain neonatal calf diarrhea virus-cody (ncdv-cody).	the neonatal calf diarrhea virus-cody (ncdv-cody) strain was found to contain a mixture of rotaviruses with g6 and g8 vp7 genes. challenge exposure of calves with the mixed virus inoculum indicated that both viruses were maintained by passage in vivo. this is the first p1:g8 rotavirus to be characterized in cattle in the united states.	1995	7790474
first detection of group c rotavirus in fecal specimens of children with diarrhea in the united states.	group c rotaviruses cause sporadic cases and outbreaks of acute diarrhea in children and adults in many countries but have never been identified from patients in the united states. fecal specimens from children with diarrhea who were hospitalized in providence, rhode island, were screened for group c rotaviruses if rotavirus was detected by electron microscopy but the specimens were negative for group a rotavirus by elisa. of 16 specimens examined, 3 were positive for group c rotavirus by elisa ...	1995	7797945
equine rotaviruses with g14 serotype specificity circulate among venezuelan horses.	two group a rotavirus strains isolated from diarrheic foals in venezuela were classified as belonging to g14 serotype by cross-neutralization tests and on the basis of the homology of the sequenced vp7 gene. this report confirms that rotavirus strains of g14 serotype specificity circulate among equine populations.	1994	7814511
an outbreak of diarrhoea associated with rotavirus serotype 1 in a day care nursery in rio de janeiro, brazil.	faeces from 17 children less than 1.6 years old and 15 adults more than 22 years old were collected during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a day care nursery and screened for the presence of adenovirus and rotavirus by enzyme immunoassay (eiara) and other viruses by electron microscopy (em) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). ten samples (58.8%) from children and one (6.7%) from adults were positive for rotavirus and all samples were negative for bacteria and parasites. no other vir ...	1994	7823820
transfer of maternal anti-rotavirus igg to the mucosal surfaces and bile of turkey poults.	turkey poults from hens vaccinated against avian group a rotavirus were examined to study the transfer of maternally derived anti-rotavirus igg (rigg) to the mucosal surfaces (intestinal and tracheal), serum, yolk, and bile. during the first week of life, maternal rigg titers in intestinal mucosal washings were 200-to-500-fold less than rigg titers in the circulation, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the intestinal titers in 10- and 13-day-old poults were negligible. a ...	1994	7832692
use of the colonic carcinoma cell line caco-2 for in vivo amplification and detection of enteric viruses.	the use of the continuous cell line caco-2 as an in vivo amplification system for the detection of fastidious human enteric viruses is reported. caco-2 cells showed an increased sensitivity to laboratory strains of group a rotavirus 3, reovirus 3, astrovirus 1, poliovirus 1, coxsackievirus a 24, enterovirus 70, and adenovirus 5, 40 and 41, when compared to a routine host cell line for each virus. nucleic acids from wild-type infectious rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus 40 in stool samples of ...	1994	7852976
analyses of homologous rotavirus infection in the mouse model.	the group a rotaviruses are significant human and veterinary pathogens in terms of morbidity, mortality, and economic loss. despite its importance, an effective vaccine remains elusive due at least in part to our incomplete understanding of rotavirus immunity and protection. both large and small animal model systems have been established to address these issues. one significant drawback of these models is the lack of well-characterized wild-type homologous viruses and their cell culture-adapted ...	1995	7871723
comparative nucleotide and amino acid sequence analysis of the sequence-specific rna-binding rotavirus nonstructural protein nsp3.	nsp3, an acidic nonstructural protein, encoded by gene 7 has been implicated as the key player in the assembly of the 11 viral plus-strand rnas into the early replication intermediates during rotavirus morphogenesis. to date, the sequence of nsp3 from only three animal rotaviruses (sa11, sa114f, and bovine uk) has been determined and that from a human strain has not been reported. to determine the genetic diversity among gene 7 alleles from group a rotaviruses, the nucleotide sequence of the nsp ...	1995	7871749
effect of orally administered epidermal growth factor on intestinal recovery of neonatal pigs infected with rotavirus.	the effect of oral epidermal growth factor (egf) on histological and biochemical changes in epithelium in the small intestine was studied in colostrum-deprived neonatal pigs. forty-eight pigs were infected at 4 days of age with 2 x 10(7) plaque-forming units of porcine group a rotavirus and orally fed a simulated sow-milk diet supplemented with 0.0, 0.5, or 1.0 mg/l recombinant human egf. sixteen noninfected pigs were fed a diet without egf supplementation. infected pigs developed severe diarrhe ...	1994	7876990
serological and genotypic characterization of group a rotavirus reassortants from diarrheic calves born to dams vaccinated against rotavirus.	two strains of bovine rotavirus (brv), designated strain nebraska scottsbluff-1 (ns-1) and ns-2, were isolated from 2 neighboring cow-calf beef cattle ranches where dams had been vaccinated with a commercial vaccine containing group a brv strain neonatal calf diarrhea virus (ncdv)-lincoln (p1:g6). northern blot hybridizations using whole genomic rna probes indicated that strains ns-1 and ns-2 had identical group a rna electrophoretic patterns and were homologous at all gene segments. strain ns-1 ...	1994	7886929
reduction of virus shedding by b. bifidum in experimentally induced mrv infection. statistical application for elisa.	the protective effect of a human strain of bifidobacterium bifidum (b. bifidum) against murine group a rotavirus (mrv) was examined in the intestines of balb/c infected mice. in experiments designed to determine whether b. bifidum mediated mrv shedding during diarrheal disease, pregnant dams (and their expected litters) were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) mice infected with mrv alone; (2) b. bifidum-treated + mrv-infected mice; (3) b. bifidum-treated controls; and (4) saline cont ...	1994	7956600
nosocomial transmission of an avian-like rotavirus strain among children in belém, brazil.	an atypical group-a rotavirus strain, with an electrophoretype displaying 5 segments in the first dsrna size class, was detected among 3 hospitalized children less than 2 years old. detection occurred initially 24 h after admission in a non-diarrhoeic child hospitalized because of acute respiratory infection. the second detection involved a child who occupied a different room within the same ward and who developed nosocomial diarrhoea 48 h later. a third case, also of hospital-acquired diarrhoea ...	1994	7963343
molecular biology of rotaviruses. ix. conservation and divergence in genome segment 5.	nucleotide sequencing of rna segment 5 from seven strains of group a rotavirus has been carried out to investigate the extent of diversity and conservation, as well as possible selective pressures involved in driving the fixation of sequence changes in this gene. analyses of the derived sequences revealed that sequence conservation could not be correlated either with rotavirus serotype or the species of origin of the virus strain. these sequences together with other published and unpublished seq ...	1994	7996134
rotaviruses belonging to the au-1 genogroup recovered from israeli infants with diarrhea.	the genetic and antigenic diversity of group a rotaviruses recovered from israeli infants has been expanded recently by the inclusion of three unusual human rotavirus strains. two rotavirus strains (ro-5829 and ro-5960) were shown to be the first viruses outside japan that resembled the au-1 genogroup of feline like human rotaviruses in their overall genomic constellation and in the restriction pattern of their polymerase chain reaction amplified gene 4 following digestion with ecori. another st ...	1994	7998840
[the detection of atypical human rotaviruses and their characteristics].	the electrophoretic typing of 1,370 rotavirus strains revealed the presence of group c rotaviruses in 1.3% of cases. in the arkhangelsk region group c rotaviruses were detected in 34.4% of cases. the detected group c rotaviruses were shown to be no different in their morphology from typical ones; they were characterized by the variability of their genome and the absence of hybridization with rna of group a rotaviruses. group c rotaviruses were detected in children aged 3-6 years; in this age gro ...	1994	8017112
rotavirus infection in calves, piglets, lambs and goat kids in trinidad.	faecal samples from diarrhoeic and non-diarrhoeic calves, piglets, lambs and goat kids were collected and screened by a latex agglutination test to detect the presence of group a rotavirus antigen. of a total of 470 animals screened, 138 (29.4%) had faecal samples positive for rotavirus antigen. the prevalences of infection were 27.7% (73/264) in calves, 27.8% (45/162) in piglets, 48.6% (18/37) in lambs and 28.6% (2/7) in goat kids. rotavirus antigen was not detected in calves and lambs < 1 week ...	1994	8044669
vp4 typing of bovine and porcine group a rotaviruses by pcr.	a pcr typing assay was developed to identify rotavirus p types (vp4 specificity) of bovine ncdv, uk, and b223 strains and porcine osu and gottfried strains. thirty-nine human and animal strains representing all known, and some undefined, rotavirus p types were used to develop and evaluate the specificity of the method. no cross-amplification was observed. the pcr results agreed with previous characterizations by monoclonal antibodies, sequence analysis, and hybridization assays, except for the g ...	1994	8051262
a survey of g6 and g10 serotypes of group a bovine rotaviruses from diarrheic beef and dairy calves using monoclonal antibodies in elisa.	group a bovine rotaviruses (brv) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. group a rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, vp7 (g types) and vp4 (p types). to date, there are 14 g types of group a rotaviruses, with g1, g6, g8, and g10 described for brv isolates. in this study, g6- and g10-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for ...	1994	8068748
effectiveness of bifidobacterium bifidum in experimentally induced mrv infection: dietary implications in formulas for newborns.	the protective effect of a human strain of bifidobacterium bifidum (b. bifidum) against murine group a rotavirus (mrv) was examined in the intestines of balb/c infected mice. in experiments designed to determine whether b. bifidum mediated mrv shedding during diarrheal disease, pregnant dams (and their expected litters) were randomly assigned to the following groups: 1. mice infected with mrv alone; 2. b. bifidum treated + mrv infected mice; 3. b. bifidum treated controls; 4. saline control anim ...	1993	8068900
rotavirus-associated diarrhoea in buffalo calves in sri lanka.	faecal samples from 150 buffalo calves, one to 150 days old, located in various districts of sri lanka, were examined for group a rotavirus antigen by a screening enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). positive samples were confirmed by the blocking elisa. in the calves studied 27.3 per cent were diarrhoeic, and the rest were non-diarrhoeic but were in contact with the animals showing diarrhoea. antigen was detected in 36.6 per cent of the diarrhoeic animals and in 11.9 per cent of the non-d ...	1994	8073194
four nucleotides are the minimal requirement for rna recognition by rotavirus non-structural protein nsp3.	the interaction of the group a rotavirus non-structural protein nsp3 (nsp3a) with rna has been studied in vitro. using semi-purified nsp3a protein expressed by a recombinant baculovirus and in vitro synthesized rna, we determined by uv cross-linking and gel retardation assays that nsp3a binds, in a sequence-specific manner, the consensus sequence (augugacc) present on the 3' ends of all group a rotavirus mrnas. using short oligoribonucleotides, we established that the minimal rna sequence requir ...	1994	8076612
immunogens of rotaviruses.	rotaviruses cause gastroenteritis in neonates of many animal species including cattle, swine, horses, dogs, cats, chickens and turkeys. rotavirions are nonenveloped, are about 75 nm in diameter, have a double capsid, and contain 11 double-stranded rna segments as their genome. several antigenically distinct groups of rotaviruses have been identified and have been alphabetically designated as a through g. group a rotaviruses were the first group of rotaviruses isolated and are the most commonly d ...	1993	8116188
group b rotavirus vp2: sequence analysis, expression, and gene coding assignment.	the second largest genomic segment of the idir strain (infectious diarrhea of infant rats) of group b rotavirus (gbr) was completely sequenced, cloned, and expressed in insect cells, and its gene coding assignment was determined. the sequence of idir virus gene 2 (idirg2) contained 2847 bp with a single, long open reading frame that encoded a deduced polypeptide of 934 amino acids (m(r) 106 kda, pi 5.325). bestfit homology indicated that the predicted amino acid sequence of idirg2 shared 46.5% s ...	1994	8116237
expression and sequence analysis of gene 7 of the idir agent (group b rotavirus): similarity with ns53 of group a rotavirus.	the seventh genomic segment of the idir strain of group b rotavirus was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in vitro in order to evaluate the gene coding assignment by comparison with group a rotaviruses (gar). viral genomic rna for these reactions was obtained directly from fecal specimens of infected infant rats. idir virus gene 7 (idirg7) contained 1276 bp. both 5' and 3' termini resembled those reported for other idir virus genomic segments. two open reading frames (orf) were predicted from the ...	1994	8116245
mapping of antigenic sites involved in serotype-cross-reactive neutralization on group a rotavirus outercapsid glycoprotein vp7.	two neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (n-mabs) were utilized to locate amino acid (aa) residues involved in the formation of serotype-cross-reactive epitopes on the vp7 of selected group a rotaviruses. n-mab 954/159/13 neutralized g serotype 3 as well as porcine g serotype 4 rotaviruses, whereas n-mab 57/8 neutralized g serotype 3, 4, 6, 9, and 10 strains. neutralization-resistant variants of each serotype were selected in the presence of these two monoclonal antibodies. sequence analysis of th ...	1994	8116249
epidemiological study of norwalk virus infections in japan and southeast asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays with norwalk virus capsid protein produced by the baculovirus expression system.	in this study, we investigated norwalk virus (nv) antigen and antibody to recombinant nv (rnv) in human populations in japan and southeast asia by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). baculovirus-expressed recombinant nv (rnv) capsid protein was used for preparing antisera to rnv or used as an antigen for detecting antibody to rnv. the elisas were specific for nv and had sensitivities equivalent to or higher than those of the previously developed radioimmunoassays. in 159 stool samples o ...	1994	8126165
role of circulating maternal anti-rotavirus igg in protection of intestinal mucosal surface in turkey poults.	the effect of circulating maternally transferred igg on immunity of turkey poults to rotavirus infections was investigated. specific-pathogen-free (spf) turkey hens were hyperimmunized with avian group a rotavirus 2 weeks before the laying cycle. spf poults designated positive for group a rotavirus (rab+) and negative for such maternal antibody (rab-) were challenged orally with the homologous virus at 2, 5, or 12 days of age (challenge groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively). poults were examined at ...	1993	8141731
serotypic differentiation of rotaviruses in field samples from diarrheic pigs by using nucleic acid probes specific for porcine vp4 and human and porcine vp7 genes.	of 216 fecal and intestinal samples collected from nursing or weaned diarrheic pigs in the united states and canada, 57 were identified as group a rotavirus positive by rna electrophoresis and silver staining. fifty-seven and 52 rotavirus-positive samples were analyzed by hybridization with gottfried and osu pcr-derived gene 9 and 4 probes, respectively. only 17 samples were identified with either homologous vp4 (p)- or vp7 (g)-coding genes or both. one rotavirus identified as g4 and p7 was simi ...	1994	8150940
[viral etiology in travellers' diarrhea].	virological examinations were performed on stools obtained from 1,264 overseas travellers with diarrhea at nagoya international airport between 1986 and 1991. group a rotavirus was detected in 11 samples (0.87%) by latex agglutination method, but other viral agents such as atypical rotaviruses and small round structured viruses were not observed by electron microscopic analysis. rotaviruses were detected in various age groups, but the positive rate of rotavirus in females (6/398) was higher than ...	1994	8151145