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sensitive and specific nested pcr assay for detection of rotavirus a in samples with a low viral load.techniques such as the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) can detect rna in samples with a low viral load. however, these amplicons typically are either too short or at insufficient concentrations for use in subsequent sequencing reactions for genotyping and detection confirmation. the assay developed in this study detects rotavirus g genotypes and p genotypes with viral loads as low as 6.2 and 8.2 copies per reaction, respectively. the assay was validated using ...201627421626
outbreak of g2p[4] rotavirus gastroenteritis in a retirement community, brazil, 2015: an important public health risk?the present study described a group a rotavirus (rva) outbreak in an age-care facility in brazil, using epidemiologic and molecular diagnostic methods. a descriptive clinical, epidemiological and environmental investigation was conducted. stool samples were collected and screened for rva, norovirus (nov), enteric adenovirus 40/41 (adv 40/41) and astrovirus (astv) using elisa, rt-pcr, qrt-pcr, electron microscopy and sequencing methods. outbreak occurred during 26th-29th october, 2015; 28 individ ...201627964971
molecular investigations on the prevalence and viral load of enteric viruses in pigs from five european countries.enteric viral infections in pigs may cause diarrhea resulting in ill-thrift and substantial economic losses. this study reports the enteric infections with porcine astrovirus type 4 (pastv4), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), porcine group c rotavirus (gcrv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) and porcine kobuvirus (pkov) in 419 pigs, comprising both healthy and diarrheic animals, from 49 farms in five european countries (austria, germany, hungary, spain and sweden). real-time rt-pcr assays were d ...201626711031
characterization of a genetically heterogeneous porcine rotavirus c, and other viruses present in the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet.next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies are becoming increasingly accessible, leading to an expanded interest in the composition of the porcine enteric virome. in the present study, the fecal virome of a non-diarrheic belgian piglet was determined. although the virome of only a single piglet was analyzed, some interesting data were obtained, including the second complete genome of a pig group c rotavirus (rvc). this belgian strain was only distantly related to the only other completely cha ...201627184192
phylogenetic inference of the porcine rotavirus a origin of the human g1 vp7 gene.rotavirus a (rva) is an important cause of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. the most common vp7 genotype of human rva is g1, but g1 is rarely detected in porcine strains. to understand the evolutionary relationships between human and porcine g1 vp7 genes, we sequenced the vp7 genes of three japanese g1 porcine strains; the first two (prv2, s80b) were isolated in 1980 and the third (kyusyu-14) was isolated in 2001. then, we performed phylogenetic and in-silico structural analyses. all ...201626961591
predominance of g9p[4] rotavirus from children with acute gastroenteritis in northwestern mexico.in mexico, group a rotavirus (rva) infections remain the most common cause of severe dehydrating diarrhea in children. this study was conducted to examine the circulating rva strains in the northwest region of mexico. rva strains collected from stool samples of children were genotyped, and their partial sequences were analyzed. rt-pcr of the vp4 and vp7 genes showed the partial g9p[4] genotype in all the samples. sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the partial vp7 gene amplicons of 10 strain ...201628334725
the interaction of rotavirus a pig/china/nmtl/2008/g9p[23] vp6 with cellular beta-actin is required for optimal rv replication and infectivity.vp6 forms the intermediate layer of the rotavirus (rv) capsid, and it plays important roles after rv penetration and uncoating. these functions rely on its ability to interact with host cell proteins. to gain further insights into the role of vp6 in porcine rv (porv) infection, a glutathione s-transferase pull-down assay was utilized to find unknown cellular factors that interact with vp6. in this study, beta-actin, tropomyosin 1, and 40s ribosomal protein s16 were identified as interaction part ...201627938672
whole-genome characterization of a peruvian alpaca rotavirus isolate expressing a novel vp4 genotype.the sa44 isolate of rotavirus a (rva) was identified from a neonatal peruvian alpaca presenting with diarrhea, and the full-length genome sequence of the isolate (designated rva/alpaca-tc/per/sa44/2014/g3p[40]) was determined. phylogenetic analyses showed that the isolate possessed the genotype constellation g3-p[40]-i8-r3-c3-m3-a9-n3-t3-e3-h6, which differs considerably from those of rva strains isolated from other species of the order artiodactyla. overall, the genetic constellation of the sa4 ...201627939152
detection and whole-genome characterization of a g8p[1] group a rotavirus strain from deer.rotavirus a strain 14-02218-2, with genome constellation g8p[1]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a3-n2-t6-e2-h3, was isolated from newborn fawns. the 14-02218-2 rotavirus strain is related to bovine and bovine-like rotavirus strains. to our knowledge, this is the first report on whole-genome-based characterization of a deer rotavirus g8p[1] strain.201627932644
medicinal plants and natural molecules with in vitro and in vivo activity against rotavirus: a systematic review.rotaviruses can cause life-threatening health disorders, such as severe dehydrating gastroenteritis and diarrhea in children. vaccination is the main preventive strategy to reduce rotavirus diarrhea and the severity of episodes, but vaccines are not fully effective and new episodes may occur, even in vaccinated children. the who recommends oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplementation for rotavirus-induced diarrhea management. there is little preclinical evidence to support the use of phytot ...201627912886
detection of a novel equine-like g3 rotavirus associated with acute gastroenteritis in brazil.genotype g3p[8] of rotavirus a (rva) is detected worldwide, usually associated with wa-like constellation and exhibiting a long rna migration pattern. more recently, a novel inter-genogroup, g3p[8] reassortant variant with a short electropherotype, has emerged in asia, oceania and europe, denoting an overall potential of unusual rotavirus strains. during a rva surveillance in brazil, g3p[8] strains were found displaying a short electropherotype pattern, which had not been detected before in this ...201627902376
high genetic diversity of species a rotaviruses detected in swine farms in chile.rotavirus a is one of the main causative agents of diarrhea in lactating and weaned pigs worldwide. its impact in the swine industry is well documented. however, in chile the current epidemiological status of rotavirus in porcine farms is unknown. this study evaluated the current epidemiologic status of rotavirus a infection in chile using on-farm detection technique, electrophoretic confirmation, genotyping and phylogenetic clustering by analysis of partial sequences of vp4 and vp7 genes. rotav ...201627902360
whole genomic analysis of g2p[4] human rotaviruses in mymensingh, north-central bangladesh.rotavirus a (rva) is a dominant causative agent of acute gastroenteritis in children worldwide. g2p[4] is one of the most common genotypes among human rotavirus (hrv) strains, and has been persistently prevalent in south asia including bangladesh. in the present study, whole genome sequences of a total of 16 g2p[4] hrv strains (8 strains each in 2010 and 2013) detected in mymensingh, north-central bangladesh were determined. these strains had typical ds-1-like genotype constellation. most of gen ...201627722206
antiviral activity of ergoferon against group a rotavirus.antiviral activity of ergoferon was studied in vitro on an experimental model of rotavirus infection in ma-104 cell line. in infected cells treated with ergoferon, rotavirus titer was shown to decrease by 83 and 90% in comparison with cells treated with solvent used for ergoferon preparation (p<0.05) and distilled water (p<0.05), respectively. these findings demonstrate high anti-rotavirus activity of ergoferon.201627783292
whole genomic analysis of bovine group a rotavirus strains a5-10 and a5-13 provides evidence for close evolutionary relationship with human rotaviruses.bovine group a rotavirus (rva) is an important cause of acute diarrhea in calves worldwide. in order to obtain precise information on the origin and evolutionary dynamics of bovine rva strains, we determined and analyzed the complete nucleotide sequences of the whole genomes of six archival bovine rva strains; four thai strains (rva/cow-tc/tha/a5-10/1988/g8p[1], rva/cow-tc/tha/a5-13/1988/g8p[1], rva/cow-tc/tha/61a/1989/g10p[5], and rva/cow-tc/tha/a44/1989/g10p[11]), one american strain (rva/cow- ...201627771069
genomic constellation and evolution of ghanaian g2p[4] rotavirus strains from a global perspective.understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of rotavirus a (rva) strains, a common cause of severe diarrhoea in children, needs to be based on the analysis at the whole genome level in the vaccine era. this study sequenced the whole genomes of six representative g2p[4] strains detected in ghana from 2008 to 2013, and analysed them phylogenetically with a global collection of g2p[4] strains and african non-g2p[4] ds-1-like strains. the genotype constellation of the study strains was g2-p ...201627569866
[surveillance for viral diarrhea in sentinel hospitals in henan province, 2013-2015].objective: to investigate the infection status of human rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus and enteric adenovirus in children aged <5 years in disease surveillance areas in henan province from 2013 to 2015. methods: a total of 880 stool samples were collected from four sentinel hospitals and group a rotavirus was detected by elisa and group a rotavirus g/p genotyping was performed with nested multiplex rt-pcr, while rotavirus (group b, c), calicivirus and astrovirus were detected by two-step mul ...201627765132
dissemination of human adenoviruses and rotavirus species a on fomites of hospital pediatric units.rotavirus a and human adenovirus dissemination were demonstrated both in a pediatric ward and in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of the same pediatric hospital. virus detection from fomites samples were higher in the pediatric ward (42.3% [137 out of 324]) than in the nicu (4.5% [7 out of 156]), revealing that cleaning processes used in our nicu are effective in reducing viral contamination, suggesting human adenovirus as a potential biomarker of contamination of hospital fomites.201627217348
predominance of unusual rotavirus g1p[6] strain in north india: an evidence from hospitalized children and adult diarrheal patients.group a rotavirus remains the leading cause of gastroenteritis in children and accounts for 0.2 million fatalities each year; out of which, approximately 47,100 deaths occur in india. in adults also, rotavirus is reported to be responsible for diarrhea severe enough to require hospitalizations. india has recently introduced rotavirus vaccine in the universal immunization programme and himachal pradesh became the first indian state to implement this project. this study is an attempt to provide th ...201627806915
controlling rotavirus-associated diarrhea: could single-domain antibody fragments make the difference?group a rotavirus (rva) remains a leading cause of severe diarrhea and child mortality. the variable domain of camelid heavy chain antibodies (vhh) display potent antigen-binding capacity, have low production costs and are suitable for oral therapies. two sets of anti-rva vhhs have been developed: arp1-arp3; 2kd1-3b2. here, we explore the potential of both sets as a prevention strategy complementary to vaccination and a treatment option against rva-associated diarrhea in endangered populations. ...201626654700
group a rotavirus in brazilian bats: description of novel t15 and h15 genotypes.this study aimed to survey for group a rotaviruses (rva) in bats from brazil and to perform phylogenetic inferences for vp4, vp7, nsp3, nsp4 and nsp5 genes. rva was found in 9.18 % (28/305) of tested samples. the partial genotype constellation of a molossus molossus rva strain was g3-p[3]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-t3-e3-h6, and that of a glossophaga soricina rva strain was g20-p[x]-ix-rx-cx-mx-ax-nx-t15-ex-h15. these findings demonstrate an important role of bats in rva epidemiology and provide evidence ...201627518402
complete genome sequence of a genotype g23p[37] pheasant rotavirus strain identified in hungary.we investigated the genomic properties of a rotavirus a strain isolated from diarrheic pheasant poults in hungary in 2015. sequence analyses revealed a shared genomic constellation (g23-p[37]-i4-r4-c4-m4-a16-n10-t4-e4-h4) and close relationship (range of nucleotide sequence similarity: vp2, 88%; vp1 and nsp4, 98%) with another pheasant rotavirus strain isolated previously in germany.201627034484
epidemiology of rotavirus a diarrhea in chókwè, southern mozambique, from february to september, 2011.acute diarrhea disease caused by rotaviruses a (rva) is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children ≤5 years old in developing countries. an exploratory cross-sectional study was conducted between february and september, 2011 to determine the proportion of acute diarrhea caused by rva. a total of 254 stool specimens were collected from children ≤5 years old with acute diarrhea, including outpatients (222 children) and inpatients (32 children), in three local health centers in ...201627003797
epidemiology of rotavirus in andaman and nicobar islands, india--predominance of g1 and emergence of g12 strains. 201626920787
detection of group a rotavirus strains circulating among children with acute diarrhea in indonesia.rotavirus is the major cause of severe diarrhea in children under 5 years old in developed and developing countries. since improvements in sanitation and hygiene have limited impact on reducing the incidence of rotavirus diarrhea, implementation of a vaccine will be a better solution. we conducted an observational study to determine the disease burden and to identify the genotype of circulating rotavirus in indonesia. hospitalized children due to acute diarrhea were enrolled from four teaching h ...201626848437
one-step multiplex real-time rt-pcr assay for detecting and genotyping wild-type group a rotavirus strains and vaccine strains (rotarix® and rotateq®) in stool samples.background. group a rotavirus (rva) infection is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in young children worldwide. introduction of two live-attenuated rotavirus vaccines, rotateq® and rotarix®, has dramatically reduced rva associated age and mortality in developed as well as in many developing countries. high-throughput methods are needed to genotype rotavirus wild-type strains and to identify vaccine strains in stool samples. quantitative rt-pcr assays (qrt-pcr) offer several advantag ...201626839745
molecular characterization of the first g24p[14] rotavirus strain detected in humans.here we report the genome of a novel rotavirus a (rva) strain detected in a stool sample collected during routine surveillance by the centers for disease control and prevention's new vaccine surveillance network. the strain, rva/human-wt/usa/2012741499/2012/g24p[14], has a genomic constellation of g24-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a3-n2-t9-e2-h3. the vp2, vp3, vp7 and nsp3 genes cluster phylogenetically with bovine strains. the other genes occupy mixed clades containing animal and human strains. strain rva/ ...201627237948
distinguishing the genotype 1 genes and proteins of human wa-like rotaviruses vs. porcine rotaviruses.group a rotaviruses (rvas) are 11-segmented, double-stranded rna viruses and important causes of gastroenteritis in the young of many animal species. previous studies have suggested that human wa-like rvas share a close evolutionary relationship with porcine rvas. specifically, the vp1-vp3 and nsp2-5/6 genes of these viruses are usually classified as genotype 1 with >81% nucleotide sequence identity. yet, it remains unknown whether the genotype 1 genes and proteins of human wa-like strains are d ...201627180895
comparison of electron microscopy, elisa, real time rt-pcr and insulated isothermal rt-pcr for the detection of rotavirus group a (rva) in feces of different animal species.there is no gold standard for detection of rotavirus group a (rva), one of the main causes of diarrhea in neonatal animals. sensitive and specific real-time rt-pcr (rtrt-pcr) assays are available for rva but require submission of the clinical samples to diagnostic laboratories. patient-side immunoassays for rva protein detection have shown variable results, particularly with samples from unintended species. a sensitive and specific test for detection of rva on the farm would facilitate rapid man ...201627180038
three-level mixed-effects logistic regression analysis reveals complex epidemiology of swine rotaviruses in diagnostic samples from north america.rotaviruses (rv) are important causes of diarrhea in animals, especially in domestic animals. of the 9 rv species, rotavirus a, b, and c (rva, rvb, and rvc, respectively) had been established as important causes of diarrhea in pigs. the minnesota veterinary diagnostic laboratory receives swine stool samples from north america to determine the etiologic agents of disease. between november 2009 and october 2011, 7,508 samples from pigs with diarrhea were submitted to determine if enteric pathogens ...201627145176
rapid detection of infectious rotavirus group a using a molecular beacon assay.rapid, sensitive and specific methods are necessary to detect and quantify infectious viruses. cultivating and detecting enteric viruses in cell culture are difficult, thus impairing the advancement of knowledge regarding virus-induced diarrhea. rotavirus (rv) detection has been conducted by serological or molecular biology methods, which do not provide information regarding viral infectivity. molecular beacons (mbs) have demonstrated efficacy for viral detection in cell culture. we propose a mb ...201627131514
genetic variability of vp7, vp4, vp6 and nsp4 genes of common human g1p[8] rotavirus strains circulating in italy between 2010 and 2014.group a rotaviruses (rva) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (age) in young children worldwide. the rva outer capsid layer is composed of the vp7 and vp4 proteins. the vp7 (g-type) and vp4 (p-type) genotypes are the basis for the binary rva nomenclature. at least 27 g-types and 37 p-types of rva are currently known, but most of human infections are related to the five major genotypes g1p[8], g2p[4], g3p[8], g4p[8], and g9p[8]. every year g1p[8] strains cause approximately 50% of all ...201627130628
isolation of an unusual g26p[13] group a rotavirus strain from piglets with diarrhea in brazil.this report describes the identification of an unusual g26p[13] genotype combination in a porcine group a rotavirus (rva) strain. in a retrospective study, the vp7 (g type) and vp4 (p type) genes of porcine rva brazilian field strains identified in two diarrheic suckling piglets were amplified by rt-pcr and subjected to sequencing. the sequence analysis revealed the g26p[13] rva genotype in one strain (bra381) and g26p[x] in the other (bra382). this study presents evidence of porcine rva g26 gen ...201627083572
molecular characterization of human rotavirus from children with diarrhoeal disease in sokoto state, nigeria.this study was conducted to detect and characterize prevalent human group a rotavirus strains from 200 diarrheic children in sokoto, nigeria, by elisa, monoclonal antibody (mab) serotyping and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) techniques. rotavirus was detected in 25.5% of the children. the g-serotypes observed in circulation were g4: 16 (59.3%), g1: 4 (14.8%), g2: 3 (11.1%), g3: 3 (11.1%), and g12: 1 (3.7%). the monoclonal antibody (mab) serotyping detected g1 and g3 but ...201627051531
molecular epidemiology and surveillance of circulating rotavirus and adenovirus in congolese children with gastroenteritis.infectious diarrhea caused by rotavirus and adenovirus, is a leading cause of death in children in sub-sahara africa but there is limited published data on the diverse rotavirus genotypes and adenovirus serotypes circulating in the republic of congo. in this study, we investigated the prevalence of severe diarrhea caused by rotavirus a (rva) and adenovirus serotype 40 and 41 in congolese children hospitalized with severe gastroenteritis. stool samples were collected from 655 congolese children l ...201626378607
performance of a one-step quantitative duplex rt-pcr for detection of rotavirus a and noroviruses gii during two periods of high viral circulation.rotavirus a (rva) and noroviruses (nov) are the major viral agents of acute gastroenteritis (age) worldwide. in the present study, we aimed to evaluate the performance of a one-step duplex quantitative rt-pcr (drt-qpcr) assay, established for detection and quantification of rva and nov genogroup ii (gii) using a single dna standard curve (sc), as well as to investigate the association between fecal viral load and optical density (od) values, and viruses' genotyping. the results obtained by drt-q ...201626611226
the prevalence and genotype diversity of human rotavirus a circulating in thailand, 2011-2014.human rotavirus a (rva) is the major infectious virus causing acute watery diarrhea in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age, and is a major public health problem in thailand. outbreaks of this virus have been reported worldwide. besides the common genotypes, unusual genotypes providing evidence of inter-species transmission have also been described. therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotypes of rva in thailand. a total of 688 samples were c ...201626593177
abrupt emergence and predominance in vietnam of rotavirus a strains possessing a bovine-like g8 on a ds-1-like background.an apparently single rotavirus a strain possessing a genotype constellation of g8-p[8]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a2-n2-t2-e2-h2 abruptly emerged, caused diarrhoea in children requiring hospitalisation, and increased to reach 27 % of strains detected during the first half of 2015 in vietnam.201626586330
genome sequences of rotavirus a strains ty-1 and ty-3, isolated from turkeys in ireland in 1979.to obtain complete genome sequences of turkey rotavirus a strains ty-1 and ty-3, we sequenced the gene segments that had not been decoded previously. the genotype constellations of the respective strains were determined to be g17-p[38]-i4-r4-c4-m4-a16-n4-t4-e4-h4 and g7-p[35]-i4-r4-c4-m4-a16-n4-t4-e11-h14. notably, their vp4 and nsp5 genes were classified into novel genotypes.201626769943
rotavirus epidemiology and surveillance before vaccine introduction in argentina, 2012-2014.group a rotavirus has been widely described as one of the most important infantile diarrheal pathogens worldwide. in argentina, it is responsible for over 200,000 acute diarrhea cases and from 30 to 50 deaths annually in children under 5 years. the aim of this study is to analyze frequency, seasonality, age group distribution, and circulating genotypes based on data notified in the 2012-2014 period and in turn to assess the pre-vaccine scenario, considering that rotavirus vaccine was introduced ...201727487415
epidemiology and genetic diversity of group a rotavirus in acute diarrhea patients in pre-vaccination era in southwest china.group a rotavirus (rva) is one of the leading cause of acute diarrhea worldwide, the rva-related disease burden and the genotypes of rva is important reference to introduce rva variance to national immunisation programmes, 1,121 diarrhea cases and 319 healthy controls were recruited from four sentinel hospital outpatient from july 2014 to june 2015. the prevalence of rva was 244 (21.8%) in gastroenteritis cases and in 12 (3.8%) in healthy controls across all age group (or = 7.12, 95%ci = 3.93-12 ...201727329689
vp7 and vp8* genetic characterization of group a rotavirus genotype g12p[8]: emergence and spreading in the eastern brazilian coast in 2014.group a rotavirus (rva) genotype g12 is habitually associated with diarrhea disease (dd) in african children and recently its detection has increased worldwide. a total of 970 stool samples collected from individuals with dd in the northeastern, southeastern, and southern brazilian regions, eastern coast, were analyzed and 321 (33%) were positive for rva and of these, 241 (75%) genotyped as g12p[8]. the rate of rva positivity was higher among children aged 5-10 years old (60%). all rva infection ...201727322509
letter to the editor: evaluation of an alternative rtth-based real-time reverse transcription-pcr kit for detection of rotavirus a.a previously published one-step real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) targeting the group a rotavirus (rva) nsp3 gene is a sensitive technique for detection of rva (1).….201728275075
molecular detection and characterization of picobirnaviruses in piglets with diarrhea in thailand.picobirnavirus (pbv) is a small, bi-segmented, double-stranded rna virus. taxonomically, the genus picobirnavirus belongs to the picobirnaviridae family. pbv infects a wide range of hosts and causes opportunistic infections, but its role in diarrheal disease remains unclear. to determine the prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine pbvs in northern thailand, 380 fecal samples collected from diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets, raised in 22 pig farms, were tested for the presence of pbv. rever ...201728032197
full genome analysis of rotavirus g9p[8] strains identified in acute gastroenteritis cases reveals genetic diversity: pune, western india.group a rotaviruses (rva) are the major enteric etiological agents of severe acute gastroenteritis among children globally. as g9 rva now represents as one of the major human rva genotypes, studies on full genome of this particular genotype are being carried out worldwide. so far, no such studies on g9p[8] rvas have been reported from pune, western part of india. keeping in view of this, the study was undertaken to understand the degree of genetic diversity of the commonly circulating g9p[8] rva ...201728240365
[infection status, clinical symptoms and gene type transition of group a rotavirus in children, less than five years-of-age, with diarrhea in sentinel hospitals of henan province, china].objective: to investigate the infectious status, gene type transition and epidemiological features of rotavirus a isolated from infants and children (<59 months-of-age) in sentinel hospitals from 2008 to 2015 in henan province, china. methods: in total, 2 541 stool samples (each 3- 5 ml) were collected from infants and children aged less than five years in two sentinel hospitals and group a rotavirus was detected by a double antibody sandwich elisa. viral rna was extracted from positive samples ...201728056276
phylogenetic analysis of partial vp7 gene of the emerging human group a rotavirus g12 strains circulating in tunisia.group a rotavirus (rva) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children younger than 5 years. the most common human g-types are g1-4 and g9. g12 genotype is currently emerging worldwide, becoming the sixth most prevalent rva g-genotype. in tunisia, an emergence of g12 rva strains was observed. to understand the evolution and origin of these tunisian g12 strains, phylogenetic analyses were conducted.201728051950
analysis of complete genome sequences of g9p[19] rotavirus strains from human and piglet with diarrhea provides evidence for whole-genome interspecies transmission of nonreassorted porcine rotavirus.whole genomes of g9p[19] human (rva/human-wt/tha/cmh-s070-13/2013/g9p[19]) and porcine (rva/pig-wt/tha/cmp-015-12/2012/g9p[19]) rotaviruses concurrently detected in the same geographical area in northern thailand were sequenced and analyzed for their genetic relationships using bioinformatic tools. the complete genome sequence of human rotavirus rva/human-wt/tha/cmh-s070-13/2013/g9p[19] was most closely related to those of porcine rotavirus rva/pig-wt/tha/cmp-015-12/2012/g9p[19] and to those of ...201727894992
epidemiology of group a rotavirus infection after the introduction of monovalent vaccine in the national immunization program of saudi arabia.this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of group a rotavirus (rva) gastroenteritis and the distribution of the rva genotypes as well as to determine a possible change in the age of occurrence of the rva infection in the first 2 years after rotarix® vaccine introduction in saudi arabia. this descriptive study included 850 hospitalized children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis (ag) between october 2013 and september 2015. overall, 78 (9.2%) children were positive for rva during th ...201727531633
molecular epidemiology of rotavirus gastroenteritis in central kenya before vaccine introduction, 2009-2014.between july 2009 and june 2014, a total of 1,546 fecal specimens were collected from children <5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis admitted to kiambu county hospital, central kenya. the specimens were screened for group a rotavirus (rva) using elisa, and rva-positive specimens were subjected to semi-nested rt-pcr to determine the g and p genotypes. rva was detected in 429/1,546 (27.5%) fecal specimens. rva infections occurred in all age groups <59 months, with an early peak at 6-17 months ...201727648929
predominant prevalence of human rotaviruses with the g1p[8] and g8p[8] genotypes with a short rna profile in 2013 and 2014 in sukhothai and phetchaboon provinces, thailand.of 2,754 stool specimens collected from children with acute gastroenteritis during 2013-2014 in sukhothai and phetchaboon provinces, thailand, 666 (24.2%) were positive for rotavirus a (rva) in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). the g and p types of all rva-positive specimens were determined by semi-nested rt-pcr. g1p[8] (56.5%) was most prevalent, followed by g2p[4] (22.1%). unusual g8p[8] human rvas (hurvas) were detected at a high frequency (20.0%). interestingly, 171 of the 376 g1p[8 ...201727557434
the prevalence and genotype distribution of rotavirus a infection among children with acute gastroenteritis in kunming, china.the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rotavirus a (rva) infections in children from kunming, china, and the rva genotypes present. a total of 16,311 children with acute gastroenteritis were recruited for the study, and 33.1 % (5,394/16,311) were rva positive. children under 24 months of age were more susceptible to rva infection, with an infection rate of 87.4 % (4,712/5,394). the most prevalent genotype was g9p[8] (85/107, 79.4 %), which showed high sequence similarity to g9p ...201727718075
whole-genome characterisation of g12p[6] rotavirus strains possessing two distinct genotype constellations co-circulating in blantyre, malawi, 2008.rotavirus a strains detected in diarrhoeal children commonly possess any one of the genotypes g1, g2, g3, g4, and g9, with a recent increase in g12 detection globally. g12p[6] strains possessing short rna (ds-1-like) and long rna (wa-like) migration patterns accounted for 27 % of the strains circulating in blantyre, malawi, between 2007 and 2008. to understand how the g12p[6] strains with two distinct genetic backgrounds emerged in malawi, we conducted whole-genome analysis of two long-rna and t ...201727718073
whole genome analysis provides evidence for porcine-to-simian interspecies transmission of rotavirus-a.we report here whole genome analysis of a porcine rotavirus-a (rva) strain rva/pig-wt/kna/et8b/2015/g5p[13] detected in a diarrheic piglet, and nearly whole genome (except for vp4 gene) analysis of a simian rva strain rva/simian-wt/kna/08979/2015/g5p[x] detected in a non-diarrheic african green monkey (agm) on the island of st. kitts, caribbean region. strain et8b exhibited a g5-p[13]-i5-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t7-e1-h1 genotype constellation that was identical to those of brazilian porcine rva g5p[13] s ...201728039076
porcine kobuvirus 1 in healthy and diarrheic pigs: genetic detection and characterization of virus and co-infection with rotavirus a.the porcine kobuvirus 1 (pkv-1) is believed to be an enteric virus. to investigate the prevalence of pkv-1 in pigs, virus was detected by rt-pcr in rectal swabs originating from 414 healthy and diarrheic pigs of different age categories on farms in slovakia. among all ages of animals, pkv-1 was detected equally in diarrheic (63.8%) and clinically healthy (62.9%) pigs. pkv-1 was more often detected in diarrheic (74.6%) than in healthy (64.4%) suckling piglets (<28days) but data was not statistica ...201728087494
[analysis of genetics and phylogenetics of g and p genotype of rotavirus a group in sentinel hospitals of hubei province, 2013-2014]. 201728056278
analysis of porcine rotavirus a enterotoxin gene for structure-function relationship.rotavirus (rv) infected piglets are presumed to be the latent sources of heterologous rv infection to humans and other animals. in rvs, non-structural protein 4 (nsp4) is the major virulence factor with pleiotropic properties. in this study, we analyzed nsp4 gene from porcine rvs, isolated from diarrheic and non-diarrheic cases, at different levels of protein folding to explore any correlation with their diarrhea inducing capabilities and evolution of nsp4 in porcine population. the full length ...201728057906
evolution of ds-1-like g1p[8] double-gene reassortant rotavirus a strains causing gastroenteritis in children in vietnam in 2012/2013.rotavirus a (rva) strains, a leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in children worldwide, commonly possess the wa or ds-1 genotype constellations. during a hospital-based study conducted in hanoi, vietnam, in the 2012-2013 rotavirus season, g1p[8] strains with a virtually identical short rna migration pattern were detected in 20 (14%) of 141 rotavirus-positive samples. two representatives of these strains were shown by whole-genome sequencing to be double-gene reassortants possessing the genot ...201727878638
whole genome sequencing of a rare rotavirus from archived stool sample demonstrates independent zoonotic origin of human g8p[14] strains in hungary.genotype p[14] rotaviruses in humans are thought to be zoonotic strains originating from bovine or ovine host species. over the past 30 years only few genotype p[14] strains were identified in hungary totaling<0.1% of all human rotaviruses whose genotype had been determined. in this study we report the genome sequence and phylogenetic analysis of a human genotype g8p[14] strain, rva/human-wt/hun/182-02/2001/g8p[14]. the whole genome constellation (g8-p[14]-i2-r2-c2-m2-a11-n2-t6-e2-h3) of this st ...201727671785
diversity of group a rotavirus genes detected in the triângulo mineiro region, minas gerais, brazil.group a rotaviruses are the main causative agent of infantile gastroenteritis. the segmented nature of the viral genome allows reassortment of genome segments, which can generate genetic variants. in this study, we characterized the diversity of the vp7, vp4 (vp8*), vp6, nsp4, and nsp5 genes of the rotaviruses that circulated from 2005 to 2011 in the triângulo mineiro (tm) region of brazil. samples with genotypes g2 (sublineages iva-1 and iva-3), g1 (sublineage i-a), g9 (lineage iii), g12 (linea ...201727266629
genotypic and epitope characteristics of group a porcine rotavirus strains circulating in canada.surveillance of rotavirus a (rva) infections in north america swine populations are limited and not performed over a significant time period to properly assess the diversity of rva strains in swine. the vp7 (g) and vp4 (p) genes of 32 canadian rva strains, circulating between 2009 and 2015 were sequenced, identifying the g3p[13], g5p[7], g9p[7], g9[13], and g9[19] genotype combinations. the canadian rva strains were compared to the rva strains present in the swine prosystems rce rotavirus vaccin ...201728399437
group a rotavirus associated with encephalitis in red fox.in 2011, a group a rotavirus was isolated from the brain of a fox with encephalitis and neurologic signs, detected by rabies surveillance in italy. intracerebral inoculation of fox brain homogenates into mice was fatal. genome sequencing revealed a heterologous rotavirus of avian origin, which could provide a model for investigating rotavirus neurovirulence.201728820385
phylogenetic analysis of vp1 and rdrp genes of brazilian aichivirus b strains involved in a diarrhea outbreak in dairy calves.aichivirus b has been reported worldwide in calves and adult cattle with and without diarrhea. the aim of this study was to describe the molecular characteristics of the rdrp and vp1 genes of aichivirus b strains identified as the most frequent etiologic agent in a neonatal diarrhea outbreak in a high-production brazilian dairy cattle herd. preliminary laboratory analysis ruled out important enteropathogens (cryptosporidium spp; eimeria spp., e. coli f5, and bovine coronavirus). fecal samples fr ...201728849283
development and validation of monoclonal antibody-based antigen capture elisa for detection of group a porcine rotavirus.porcine rotavirus-a (porva) is one of the common causes of mild to severe dehydrating diarrhea, leading to losses in weaning and postweaning piglets. a rapid, highly specific, and sensitive antigen-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ac-elisa) was developed for detection of porva, by using vp6 (a highly conserved and antigenic protein of group-a rotavirus)-directed rabbit polyclonal antibodies (capture antibody) and murine monoclonal antibodies (detector antibody). the detection limit of ...201728414586
a universal genome sequencing method for rotavirus a from human fecal samples which identifies segment reassortment and multi-genotype mixed infection.genomic characterization of rotavirus (rov) has not been adopted at large-scale due to the complexity of obtaining sequences for all 11 segments, particularly when feces are used as starting material.201728438140
development of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for detection of human enteric viruses other than norovirus using samples collected from gastroenteritis patients in fukui prefecture, japan.there are many varieties of gastroenteritis viruses, of which norovirus (nov) accounts for over 90% of the viral food poisoning incidents in japan. however, protocols for rapidly identifying other gastroenteritis viruses need to be established to investigate nov-negative cases intensively. in this study, a multiplex real-time pcr assay targeting rotavirus a, rotavirus c, sapovirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and enterovirus was developed using stool samples collected from gastroenteritis patients b ...201728845896
complex reassortment events of unusual g9p[4] rotavirus strains in india between 2011 and 2013.rotavirus a (rva) is the predominant etiological agent of acute gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. recently, unusual g9p[4] rotavirus strains emerged with high prevalence in many countries. such intergenogroup reassortant strains highlight the ongoing spread of unusual rotavirus strains throughout asia. this study was undertaken to determine the whole genome of eleven unusual g9p[4] strains detected in india during 2011-2013, and to compare them with other human and animal global rvas ...201728750901
reassortant ds-1-like g1p[4] rotavirus a strains generated from co-circulating strains in vietnam, 2012/2013.one major mechanism by which rotavirus a (rva) evolves is genetic reassortment between strains with different genotype constellations. however, the parental strains of the reassortants generated have seldom been identified. here, the whole genome of two suspected reassortants, rva/human-wt/vnm/sp127/2013/g1p[4] and rva/human-wt/vnm/sp193/2013/g1p[4], with short rna electropherotypes were examined by illumina miseq sequencing and their ancestral phylogenies reconstructed. their genotype constella ...201728696017
whole genome characterisation of a porcine-like human reassortant g26p[19] rotavirus a strain detected in a child hospitalised for diarrhoea in nepal, 2007.a rare g26 rotavirus a strain rva/human-wt/npl/07n1760/2007/g26p[19] was detected in a child hospitalised for acute diarrhoea in kathmandu, nepal. the complete genome of 07n1760 was determined in order to explore its evolutionary history as well as examine its relationship to a vietnamese strain rva/human-wt/vnm/30378/2009/g26p[19], the only g26 strain whose complete genotype constellation is known. the genotype constellation of 07n1760 was g26-p[19]-i12-r1-c1-m1-a8-n1-t1-e1-h1, a unique constel ...201728673546
completely genomic and evolutionary characteristics of human-dominant g9p[8] group a rotavirus strains in yunnan, china.g9p[8] rotavirus a (rva) has been identified as the predominant genotype circulating in yunnan, china. to elucidate the molecular characteristics of its genetic composition at the whole-genome level, the genomes of 12 strains isolated from paediatric patients with diarrhoea were fully sequenced and characterized. eleven of the 12 strains were genotyped as g9-p[8]-i1-r1-c1-m1-a1-n1-t1-e1-h1, which is closely related to the wa-like genotype 1 constellation. in contrast, one strain was genotyped as ...201728613141
phylogenetic analysis of g1p[8] and g12p[8] rotavirus a samples obtained in the pre- and post-vaccine periods, and molecular modeling of vp4 and vp7 proteins.reduction in morbimortality rates for acute gastroenteritis (age) by rotavirus a (rva) has been observed after the introduction of vaccines, however the agent continues to circulate. the present study described the genomic characterization of the 11 dsrna segments of two rva samples g1p[8] obtained in the pre- and post-vaccination periods and one of g12p[8] sample (post-vaccine), compared to rotarix™ vaccine. analysis by molecular sequencing of the samples showed that the three samples belonged ...201728606817
detection of uncommon g3p[3] rotavirus a (rva) strain in rat possessing a human rva-like vp6 and a novel nsp2 genotype.rotavirus is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. rvas infect not only humans but also a wide range of mammals including rats, which represent a reservoir of several other zoonotic pathogens. due to the segmented nature of the rva genome, animal rva strains can easily adapt to the human host by reassortment with co-infecting human viruses. this study aims to detect and characterize rva in the intestinal content of italian sinantropic rats (rattus ratt ...201728603021
epidemiology of rotavirus infection in children from a rural and urban area, in maputo, southern mozambique, before vaccine introduction.this study aimed to describe the epidemiology of rotavirus infections in mozambique before vaccine introduction. between february 2012 and september 2013, stool specimens, demographic and clinical data were collected from 384 children <5 years old hospitalized with acute diarrhea in mavalane general hospital and manhiça district hospital, southern mozambique. the samples were tested for rotavirus a using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the overall prevalence of rotavirus infection was 42.4% [ ...201728582541
expression of bovine rotavirus vp8 and preparation of igy antibodies against recombinant vp8.group a rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in cattle and swine. although, vaccination against this virus is an effective strategy for prevention, additional strategy to control disease is necessary. egg yolk immunoglobulin (igy)-based passive immunization could be a better option in preventing this disease. bovine rotavirus (brv) is group a rotavirus and possesses a genome of 11 segments of double-stranded rna. the outer layer of capsid is composed of two proteins (vp7 and v ...201728523920
molecular detection of viruses in kenyan bats and discovery of novel astroviruses, caliciviruses and rotaviruses.this is the first country-wide surveillance of bat-borne viruses in kenya spanning from 2012-2015 covering sites perceived to have medium to high level bat-human interaction. the objective of this surveillance study was to apply a non-invasive approach using fresh feces to detect viruses circulating within the diverse species of kenyan bats. we screened for both dna and rna viruses; specifically, astroviruses (astvs), adenoviruses (advs), caliciviruses (calvs), coronaviruses (covs), flaviviruses ...201728393313
longitudinal study of bovine rotavirus group a in newborn calves from vaccinated and unvaccinated dairy herds.reports of rotavirus excretion in calves usually result from cross-sectional studies, and in face of the conflicting results regarding protection of calves born to vaccinated dams against diarrhea, the aim of the present study was to evaluate rotavirus excretion in dairy calves born to vaccinated or unvaccinated dams, to identify the genotypes of bovine rotavirus group a (rva) strains isolated from these animals as well as to investigate characteristics of the disease in naturally occurring circ ...201728321789
diversity in vp3, nsp3, and nsp4 of rotavirus b detected from japanese cattle.bovine rotavirus b (rvb) is an etiological agent of diarrhea mostly in adult cattle. currently, a few sequences of viral protein (vp)1, 2, 4, 6, and 7 and nonstructural protein (nsp)1, 2, and 5 of bovine rvb are available in the ddbj/embl/genbank databases, and none have been reported for vp3, nsp3, and nsp4. in order to fill this gap in the genetic characterization of bovine rvb strains, we used a metagenomics approach and sequenced and analyzed the complete coding sequences (cds) of vp3, nsp3, ...201728063924
the detection and phylogenetic analysis of porcine deltacoronavirus from guangdong province in southern china.porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) is a newly discovered coronavirus that causes diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in sucking and nursing piglets. it was first reported in hong kong in 2012 and has since been discovered in the united states, canada, south korea, mainland china, thailand and laos. pdcov has been experimentally proved to lead to diarrhoea in swine and it was detected positive in pigs in guangdong, southern china. in our study, 252 faecal and intestinal samples from sucking piglets ...201728345292
a cross-sectional study on aetiology of diarrhoeal disease, india.global, regional and national estimates clearly place diarrhoeal diseases as a major, albeit to an extant neglected public health problem. deaths of children aged <5 years owing to diarrhoea was estimated to be 1.87 million at the global level (uncertainty range from 1.56 to 2.19 million), which is approximately 19% of total child deaths.201727514965
burden of rotavirus and enteric bacterial pathogens among children under five years old hospitalized with diarrhea in suburban and rural areas in kenya.this study aimed to investigate the incidence of rotavirus and enteric bacterial infections among children up to five years old with diarrhea living in suburban and rural areas in kenya. it was a cross-sectional descriptive study, and a total of 1060 diarrheal fecal specimens were obtained from 722 children at the kiambu county hospital (kch) located in a suburban area and 338 children from the mbita district hospital (mdh) located in a rural part of western kenya, between august 2011 and decemb ...201728250260
multiplex pcr for the detection of 10 viruses causing encephalitis/encephalopathy and its application to clinical samples collected from japanese children with suspected viral.acute encephalitis is a serious neurological condition having a high mortality rate and affecting both children and adults. this study aimed to develop a multiplex pcr method for the simultaneous screening of clinical samples for the presence of the 10 viruses presently considered as the major viral causes of acute encephalitis/ encephalopathy in asia.201728164489
molecular epidemiology of rotavirus a, causing acute gastroenteritis hospitalizations among children in nha trang, vietnam, 2007-2008: identification of rare g9p[19] and g10p[14] strains.rotavirus a (rva) causes acute diarrhea in children as well as animals. as part of a cross-sectional study of children less than 5 years of age hospitalized for acute diarrhea in vietnam during a 15-month period (2007-2008), 322 (43.5%) of 741 fecal specimens contained rva with 92% either g1p[8] or g3p[8]. this study was undertaken to further characterize strains that remained untypeable to complete the g and p genotypes of the 322 rotavirus-positive specimens. while 307 (95.3%) strains possesse ...201727611738
enteric viruses and adenovirus diversity in waters from 2016 olympic venues.rio de janeiro's inner and coastal waters are heavily impacted by human sewage pollution for decades. enteric viruses, including human adenoviruses (hadv), human enterovirus (ev), group a rotavirus (rv) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are more likely to be found in contaminated surface waters. the present work aimed to assess the frequency and loads of ev, hadv-c and -f species, rv and hav in sand and water samples from venues used during the 2016 summer olympics and by tourists attending the event. ...201728185736
prevalence of histopathological intestinal lesions and enteric pathogens in dutch commercial broilers with time.intestinal disease has a major impact on the broiler industry due to economic and welfare reasons. intestinal disease might occur due to a large number of reasons varying from well-defined pathogens to non-specific enteritis and complex syndromes. however, knowledge about the nature of intestinal disease and presence of enteric viruses in the dutch broiler industry is largely absent. therefore, a large-scale field study, in which 98 broiler flocks from 86 farms were sampled weekly, was started t ...201727557362
zooanthroponotic transmission of rotavirus in haryana state of northern india.rotaviruses are the major cause of severe gastroenteritis and mortality in young children and animals. due to segmented nature of dsrna genome and wide host range, vast genetic and antigenic diversity exists amongst different isolates of rotaviruses. a total of 230 fecal ovine and caprine samples collected from organized farms and villages in haryana were screened for rotavirus detection. samples were screened by latex agglutination test and rna-page followed by rt-pcr and nucleic acid sequencin ...201728161962
multiplex rt-pcr for rapid detection of viruses commonly causing diarrhea in pediatric patients.multiplex rt-pcr method using five sets of panel primers was developed for the detection of diarrheal viruses, including rotavirus a, b, and c, adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus gi and gii, sapovirus, aichi virus, parechovirus, enterovirus, cosavirus, bocavirus, and saffold virus. the sensitivity of the method was evaluated and tested with 751 fecal specimens collected from japanese children with acute diarrhea. several kinds of viruses were detected in 528 out of 751 (70.3%) fecal specimens. mi ...201727735999
prevalence of lapine rotavirus, astrovirus, and hepatitis e virus in canadian domestic rabbit populations.lapine rotavirus and astrovirus have been associated with disease in rabbits, and there is strong evidence of zoonotic transmission of lapine hepatitis e virus (hev). outbreaks of enteritis are common on commercial meat farms, resulting in poor welfare, high rabbit mortality, and significant financial losses for rabbit producers. currently, none of these viruses are routinely tested by diagnostic laboratories. in this study, we assessed the prevalence of rotavirus, astrovirus, and hev rna in 205 ...201728888629
identification of two novel rotavirus a genotypes, g35 and p[50], from peruvian alpaca faeces.rotavirus a (rva) alp11b was detected from a neonatal peruvian alpaca presenting with diarrhea, and the alp11b vp7, vp4, vp6, nsp4, and nsp5 genes were sequenced. the partial genotype constellation of this strain, rva/alpaca-wt/per/alp11b/2010, was determined to be g35-p[50]-i13-e16-h6.201728866138
identification of group a rotaviruses from zambian fruit bats provides evidence for long-distance dispersal events in africa.group a rotavirus (rva) is a major cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. although rva infects many animals, little is known about rva in bats. the present study investigated the genetic diversity of rva in zambian bats. we identified rva from two straw-colored fruit bats (eidolon helvum) and an egyptian fruit bat (rousettus aegyptiacus), and analyzed the genome sequences of these strains. genome segments of the rva strains from zambian e. helvum showed 97%-99% nucleotide sequence identity wit ...201829792990
cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis) as an experimental infection model for human group a rotavirus.group a rotaviruses (rva) are one of the most common causes of severe acute gastroenteritis in infants worldwide. rotaviruses spread from person to person, mainly by faecal⁻oral transmission. almost all unvaccinated children may become infected with rva in the first two years of life. the establishment of an experimental monkey model with rva is important to evaluate new therapeutic approaches. in this study, we demonstrated viral shedding and viraemia in juvenile⁻adult macaca fascicularis orall ...201829973483
a novel group a rotavirus associated with acute illness and hepatic necrosis in pigeons (columba livia), in australia.cases of vomiting and diarrhoea were reported in racing pigeons in western australia in may, 2016. morbidity and mortality rates were high. similar clinical disease was seen in victoria in december and by early 2017 had been reported in all states except the northern territory, in different classes of domestic pigeon-racing, fancy and meat bird-and in a flock of feral pigeons. autopsy findings were frequently unremarkable; histological examination demonstrated significant hepatic necrosis as the ...201830204797
sensitive sybr green-real time pcr for the detection and quantitation of avian rotavirus a.avian rotavirus a (artv-a) is a virus that affects young birds, causing acute diarrhea and economic losses in the poultry industry worldwide. the techniques used for the diagnosis of artv-a include electron microscopy, isolation in cell culture, and serology, as well as molecular techniques, such as the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the objective of this work was to standardize a real-time rt-polymerase chain reaction (rt-qpcr) using sybr green chemistry for the rapid ...201830597964
viral metagenomics of six bat species in close contact with humans in southern china.accumulating studies have shown that bats could harbor various important pathogenic viruses that could be transmitted to humans and other animals. extensive metagenomic studies of different organs/tissues from bats have revealed a large number of novel or divergent viruses. to elucidate viral diversity and epidemiological and phylogenetic characteristics, six pooled fecal samples from bats were generated (based on bat species and geographic regions characteristic for virome analysis). these cont ...201828983731
detection of pathogenic viruses, pathogen indicators, and fecal-source markers within tanker water and their sources in the kathmandu valley, nepal.tanker water is used extensively for drinking as well as domestic purposes in the kathmandu valley of nepal. this study aimed to investigate water quality in terms of microbial contamination and determine sources of fecal pollution within these waters. thirty-one samples from 17 tanker filling stations (tfss) and 30 water tanker (wt) samples were collected during the dry and wet seasons of 2016. escherichia coli was detected in 52% of the 31 tfs samples and even more frequently in wt samples. of ...201931248180
discovery and prevalence of divergent rna viruses in european field voles and rabbits.the advent of unbiased metagenomic virus discovery has revolutionized studies of virus biodiversity and evolution. despite this, our knowledge of the virosphere, including in mammalian species, remains limited. we used unbiased metagenomic sequencing to identify rna viruses in european field voles and rabbits. accordingly, we identified a number of novel rna viruses including astrovirus, rotavirus a, picorna-like virus and a morbilli-like paramyxovirus. in addition, we identified a sobemovirus a ...201931906044
the racing pigeon (columba livia domestica) industry in victoria, australia, and epidemiology of a novel group a rotavirus outbreak.a novel group a rotavirus, first identified clinically in racing, feral and fancy pigeons in western australia, had spread throughout australia by march 2017. in december 2016, the putative index case of rotavirus in racing pigeons in the state of victoria was confirmed at a regional bird sale, with rapid spread to peri-urban melbourne, the capital city. a survey sent to approximately 400 victorian pigeon fanciers identified eight (of 85 respondents) with a confirmed rotavirus infection in their ...201931140207
distantly related rotaviruses in common shrews, germany, 2004-2014.we screened samples from common shrews (sorex araneus) collected in germany during 2004-2014 and identified 3 genetically divergent rotaviruses. virus protein 6 sequence similarities to prototype rotaviruses were low (64.5% rotavirus a, 50.1% rotavirus c [tentative species k], 48.2% rotavirus h [tentative species l]). shrew-associated rotaviruses might have zoonotic potential.201931742508
g and p genotype profiles of rotavirus a field strains circulating in beef and dairy cattle herds in brazil, 2006-2015.the aim of this retrospective study was to use rt-pcr and nucleotide sequencing analysis to determine the g (vp7 gene) and p (vp4 gene) genotypes of 155 brazilian bovine rotavirus a (rva) wild-type strains detected in diarrheic calves from all brazilian geographical regions from 2006 to 2015. the rva strains evaluated belonged to the g6, g10, p[5], and p[11] genotypes. the g6p[5] genotype was prevalent (65.5%; p < 0.05) in beef, and the g10p[11] (38.4%) and g6p[11] (30.8%) genotypes were more pr ...201931174706
longitudinal surveillance of rotavirus a genotypes circulating in a high milk yield dairy cattle herd after the introduction of a rotavirus vaccine.worldwide, neonatal diarrhea is one of the most important health issues affecting dairy calves, and rotavirus a (rva) is one of its primary causes. among the measures to mitigate the risk of diarrhea outbreaks, cow vaccination stands out as one of the most important. however, the immune pressure resulting from routine vaccination may be able to select specific g and p genotypes in rva field strains. this study aimed to determine the frequency and intensity of neonatal diarrhea and the incidence ...201930827398
cross-sectional study of the g and p genotypes of rotavirus a field strains circulating in regularly vaccinated dairy cattle herds.neonatal diarrhea is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in calves up to 30 days old, and rotavirus a (rva) is the main viral etiology. rva vaccines are one of the main tools for diarrhea control in neonates. the aim of this cross-sectional study was to monitor by rt-pcr the g and p genotypes of rva strains identified in dairy cattle herds regularly vaccinated with the rva uk strain (g6p[5]). of the 14 randomly selected herds, two were excluded because no calf was diagnosed with diarrhea o ...201930535644
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