Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| molecular cloning of a gene encoding a seed-specific protein with nutritionally balanced amino acid composition from amaranthus. | an albumin with a well-balanced amino acid composition and high levels of the essential amino acids was purified to homogeneity from the mature seeds of amaranthus hypochondriacus. the amino acid composition of this protein is comparable to the world health organization recommended values for a highly nutritional protein. the protein is a 35-kda monomer with four isoforms that can be separated by chromatofocusing. antibodies raised against one of the isoforms, ama1, cross-reacted with the other ... | 1992 | 1465397 |
| a pitfall in determining the globulin/albumin ratio in amaranth grains. | in amaranth grains (amaranthus hypochondriacus l. and amaranthus cruentus l.), there were two albumin (alb) fractions, alb-1 and alb-2; alb-1 was extracted with water or 0.5 m nacl, and alb-2 was extracted with water after extracting alb-1 and globulin. the amount of alb-2 comprised about 30% of the total albumin and globulin content. little or no measurable protein corresponding to the amaranth alb-2 was extracted from seeds of buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench), quinoa (chenopodium quinoa ... | 1992 | 1506925 |
| saponins from amaranthus hypochondriacus. | four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from amaranthus hypochondriacus which are grain crops in the nepal, mexico and south america. their structures were elucidated based on spectral evidence to be: (1) 3-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1----3)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-2 beta,3 beta-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl ester. (2) 3-o-alpha-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1----3)-beta-d-glucuronopyranosyl-2 beta,3 beta- dihydroxyolean-12-en-23-al-28-oic acid 28-o-beta-d-glucopyranosyl este ... | 1991 | 1806279 |
| [enrichment of precooked white corn flour (zea mays) with amaranth seed flour (amaranthus sp.)]. | three mixtures of precooked white corn flour with 10, 20 and 30% amaranth flour were prepared. the sedimentation and consistency of the mixtures differed from those of the white corn flour, but without altering the capacity of dough formation to prepare arepas. the protein, fiber, and ash contents were higher than those of the precooked white corn flour. the functional properties of water and oil absorption increased in 20 and 10%, respectively. during the three-month storage, the protein and fa ... | 1990 | 2134139 |
| nucleotide sequence of rbcl from amaranthus hypochondriacus chloroplasts. | 1990 | 2336404 | |
| post-prandial plasma aminograms in the assessment of protein quality for young children: maize and grain amaranth, alone and combined. | post-prandial (p.p.) changes in plasma free amino acid (aa) concentrations of children consuming a single source of protein at critical levels are determined by its digestibility and total essential aa/total aa ratios; the molar proportion of the limiting eaa (eaa/teaa), if any, will fall significantly in plasma as it is utilized more completely than others. grain amaranths (am), reputedly rich in lysine (lys) and tryptophan (trp), but moderately deficient in leucine (leu), should be ideal compl ... | 1990 | 2354691 |
| changes in carbohydrate and nitrogenous components and amylase activities during germination of grain amaranth. | grain amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus), yercaud local variety, was soaked overnight and germinated for 192 h taking the soaked grains as the zero time (0 h) sample. the changes in the activities of alpha- and beta-amylases, starch, sugar, protein and lysine contents during germination are reported. activity of alpha-amylase was high in the 0 h soaked grains, while beta-amylase activity was high in 72 h germinated grains. the joint action of the amylases resulted in a decrease of starch cont ... | 1989 | 2483588 |
| nutritional evaluation of grain amaranth for growing chickens. | the nutritional value of raw and autoclaved grain amaranth, its milling fractions (perisperm and bran), fat-free flour, and of popped amaranth was evaluated for growing chickens. the control diet, which was composed primarily of corn and soybean meal, contained 3.06 kcal apparent me (ame)/g and 23.6% cp. test diets contained about the same ame and cp levels, and the following levels of the test samples: whole grain amaranth flour, 61.46%; fat-free flour, 62.10%; perisperm, 49.50%; bran, 35.30%; ... | 1988 | 3217305 |
| nutritional value for young children of grain amaranth and maize-amaranth mixtures: effect of processing. | amaranthus caudatus l. toasted flour, popped grain and flakes were each fed to nine young children as the source of all diet protein and fat and 50% of diet energy, preceded and followed by casein control diets. all provided 6.4-6.7% of energy as protein and 9.3-10.1% as fat. balances were carried out during the last 6 d of the three 9-d amaranth periods and during the four control periods. fecal wet and dry weights during amaranth diets were 129-157% of those during casein control diets; fecal ... | 1988 | 3335942 |
| assessment of extruded grain amaranth as a feed ingredient for broilers. 1. apparent metabolizable energy values. | two trials were conducted to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (ame) and nitrogen-corrected ame (amen) of extruded grain amaranth (amaranthus cruentus). procedures for these determinations were the total collection method (tcm) and the use of acid-insoluble ash (aia) as a marker. the ame and amen values for the grain were determined both by regression analysis and by calculations based on differences from the basal diet. based on standard errors of the predicted values and coefficients ... | 1988 | 3405942 |
| assessment of extruded grain amaranth as a feed ingredient for broilers. 2. apparent amino acid availability values. | apparent amino acid availabilities (aaaa) were determined for grain amaranth in two experiments using broilers. total collection method (tcm) and acid-insoluble ash (aia), as a marker, were used for these determinations. individual amino acid availabilities for the extruded grain were calculated both by regression analysis and by difference from the basal diet. from the linear regression equations, tcm produced more accurate results than did the aia method, based on standard errors of the interc ... | 1988 | 3405943 |
| performance and yields of broilers fed extruded grain amaranth and grown to market weight. | a trial was conducted to determine the effects of feeding extruded grain amaranth (amaranthus cruentus) on performance of male broilers grown in batteries to 49 days of age. practical corn-soy rations were supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% amaranth and formulated to meet nutrient requirements for the starter (0 to 21 days), grower (21 to 42 days), and finisher (42 to 49 days) periods. each diet was fed to six replicate pens of 10 male birds each. no differences were observed for feed u ... | 1988 | 3405950 |
| effects of feeding extruded grain amaranth to laying hens. | extruded grain amaranth (amaranthus cruentus) was incorporated into corn-soybean meal layer rations at 0, 10, 20, or 30%. diets were each fed to 20 single comb white leghorn laying hens for 6 wk beginning at 65 wk of age. data collected from the week prior to the test period were used as a covariate. egg production was significantly higher and egg weights were significantly lower for birds fed the 10 and 20% inclusion levels of amaranth than for those fed the control diet. however, no difference ... | 1987 | 3432197 |
| [yield and chemical composition of the vegetal parts of the amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus, l.) at different physiological stages]. | the genus amaranthus comprises species which, consumed as vegetables, provide essential nutrients to man; they also have a high acceptability among the population. these two factors justify the need to increase their cultivation. therefore, the purpose of this research was to establish the most adequate physiological state of maturity, to harvest the leaves for human consumption. the field experiment utilized a randomized block design with three treatments and eight replications. these treatment ... | 1987 | 3454611 |
| [amaranth: a technological alternative in child nutrition]. | the relative high protein and oil content of amaranth grain and its relative high-protein quality are desirable characteristics to use it as a weaning food. such a product was prepared with a. caudatus grain. batches were processed without previous treatment of the grain, washed with water or with a bicarbonate solution. processing consisted of cooking at atmospheric pressure for 10 min before passing the partially cooked grain through a double drum-drier heated with steam at 70 psi, and at a ve ... | 1987 | 3454614 |
| [evaluation of different levels of amaranth flour (vegetative parts), in substitution for alfalfa flour for growing rabbits]. | the vegetative part of the amaranth plant could be a useful resource for animal feeding due to its chemical characteristics and to the high yield obtained when harvested between 45 and 60 days after planting. six diets were evaluated in order to determine the feed efficiency of amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) for growing rabbits. the diets contained dehydrated amaranth leaves and stalks in levels of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60%, to replace equal amounts of alfalfa leaf meal. an additional diet co ... | 1987 | 3454616 |
| the chemical composition and protein quality of amaranth grain germ plasm in guatemala. | the present research was carried out for the purpose of collecting part of the germ plasm of grain amaranth in guatemala, as well as to evaluate it in terms of yield, chemical composition and nutritive value. a total of 27 guatemalan selections, one from mexico and seven from peru were planted in june 1982 in 7.5 m2 experimental plots replicated four times. the harvest seed was utilized for analysis of protein, ether extract, crude fiber, tannin content and trypsin inhibitors, as well as for npr ... | 1987 | 3455190 |
| some properties of starches of grain amaranths and several millets. | starch granules were prepared from seeds of amaranthus hypochondriacus l., a. caudatus l., proso millet, japanese barnyard millet and foxtail millet. amylose contents and the distribution of alpha-1,4 linked chain of amylopectin were determined by gel filtration of isoamylase-debranched starches. some physical and chemical properties of the starches were also examined by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry, photopastegraphy, and differential scanning calorimetry, together with sta ... | 1981 | 6172576 |
| biochemically active sesquiterpene lactones from ratibida mexicana. | bioactivity-directed fractionation of the methanol extract of the roots of ratibida mexicana resulted in the isolation of two bioactive sesquiterpene lactones, isoalloalantolactone and elema-1,3,11-trien-8,12-olide. both compounds caused a significant inhibition of the radicle growth of amaranthus hypochondriacus and echinochloa crus-galli, exerted moderate cytotoxic activity against three different solid tumour cell lines and inhibited significantly the radial growth of three phytopathogenic fu ... | 1995 | 7546556 |
| amaranthus hypochondriacus and a. tricolor lectins: isolation and characterization. | asialofetuin-linked amino activated silica was used for the affinity purification of lectins from amaranthus hypochondriacus linn (ahl) and a. tricolor linn (atl). like a few other amaranthus lectins, these lectins were also inhibited by n-acetyl-d-galactosamine, fetuin and asialofetuin; they agglutinated human and different animal erythrocytes. the purified lectins yielded a single band on page ph 8.3, ph 4.5 and sds-page, ph 8.3. these also gave a single peak in gel exclusion on biogel p-200, ... | 1994 | 7698887 |
| ammonium ions stimulate in vitro the activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase from leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus, a c4 plant: evidence for allosteric activation. | ammonium ions stimulated in vitro the activity of pep carboxylase (pepc) extracted from dark-adapted leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus. maximum stimulation of 80 to 85% occurred at 50 microm ammonium chloride. there was a marginal inhibition of pepc at 5 mm ammonium chloride. among several ions tested, potassium ions stimulated pepc to a limited extent of about 30%. in presence of ammonium, there was no change either in the sensitivity of enzyme to malate or in the affinity for substrate, pep ... | 1994 | 7951051 |
| evaluation of amaranth grains for ogi manufacture. | grain amaranth was evaluated for its ogi making quality. amaranth, which produced lower (70%) yield of ogi than corn (80%), had higher protein content of 12.2% for its ogi than that of corn with a corresponding value of 6.7%. nutrient losses were lower for amaranth than corn ogi. amylograph pasting viscosity showed that amaranth ogi had slightly higher peak viscosity and lower setback value than corn ogi. it was apparent that amaranth grains would be suitable for ogi manufacture. | 1994 | 7971783 |
| characterization of amaranthus hypochondriacus light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide cdnas. | 1994 | 8029366 | |
| bioavailability to rats of iron from fortified grain amaranth. | in this study, fortified and unfortified grain amaranth seed flour diets and a feso4-fortified casein diet (used as a control) were evaluated for their iron (fe) bioavailability. nafeedta, ferrous fumarate, and feso4-fortified grain amaranth were fed to growing sprague-dawley weaning male rats. iron intake, hemoglobin iron (hbfe) gain, fe availability, total iron binding capacity (tibc), serum iron, non-haem liver iron and red bloodcell volume (rbv) were determined, and the values were compared ... | 1994 | 8052576 |
| a novel alpha-amylase inhibitor from amaranth (amaranthus hypocondriacus) seeds. | the major alpha-amylase inhibitor (aai) present in the seeds of amaranthus hypocondriacus, a variety of the mexican crop plant amaranth, is a 32-residue-long polypeptide with three disulfide bridges. purified aai strongly inhibits the alpha-amylase activity of insect larvae (tribolium castaneum and prostephanus truncatus) and does not inhibit proteases and mammalian alpha-amylases. aai was sequenced with the automated edman method, and the disulfide bridges were localized using enzymatic and che ... | 1994 | 8089137 |
| [minerals and amino acids in the grains of the recently cultivated "pseudo-cereal" species amaranthus hypochondriacus]. | the mineral elements and the amino acids in seeds of cultivated amaranthus hypochondriacus were studied. the following conclusions can be made: 1. the contents of minerals in amaranthus seed are similar to those of wheat and (except of a few elements: p, k) of pea. the habitats of plants, especially the soil conditions effect importantly on minerals. -2. the total amino acid content and mainly the rate of essential amino acids (lysine, arginine etc) are higher than those in seeds of wheat and ma ... | 1994 | 8197825 |
| betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase from leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus l. exhibits an iso ordered bi bi steady state mechanism. | the kinetics of the oxidation of betaine aldehyde catalyzed by nad(+)-betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, purified from amaranth leaves subjected to water deficit, were analyzed by steady state initial velocity and product and dead-end inhibition studies at low substrate concentrations. only one product, nadh, gives inhibition. the other product of the reaction, glycine betaine, does not inhibit the enzyme even at concentrations as high as 10 mm. in dead-end inhibition experiments, amp and choline w ... | 1993 | 8226918 |
| purification, characterization, and complete amino acid sequence of a trypsin inhibitor from amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) seeds. | a protein proteinase inhibitor was purified from a seed extract of amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) by precipitation with (nh4)2so4, gel-filtration chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. it is a 69-amino acid protein with a high content of valine, arginine, and glutamic acid, but lacking in methionine. the inhibitor has a relative molecular weight of 7400 and an isoelectric point of 7.5. it is a serine proteinase inhibitor that ... | 1993 | 8290633 |
| primary structure and specificity of the major serine proteinase inhibitor of amaranth (amaranthus caudatus l.) seeds. | a novel member of the potato inhibitor i family of serine proteinase inactivating proteins has been isolated from seeds of grain amaranth (amaranthus caudatus l.) and characterized. the mature form of the amaranth trypsin/subtilisin inhibitor (atsi) with pi approximately 8.3 and molecular mass 7887 da contains 69 amino acids in a sequence showing 33-51% identity with members of the inhibitor i family from other plant families. a minor form with pi approximately 7.8 and same inhibitory properties ... | 1994 | 8305477 |
| post-transcriptional control of cell type-specific gene expression in bundle sheath and mesophyll chloroplasts of amaranthus hypochondriacus. | plants that utilize the highly efficient c4 photosynthetic pathway possess two types of specialized leaf cells, the mesophyll and bundle sheath. in mature leaves of amaranth, a dicotyledonous c4 plant, ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubisco) is localized specifically to the chloroplasts of bundle sheath cells, and is not present in the chloroplasts of mesophyll cells. the cell type-specific expression of the chloroplast-encoded rubisco large subunit (rbcl) gene, and other representative ... | 1993 | 8329680 |
| phytogrowth-inhibitory and antifungal constituents of helianthella quinquenervis. | investigation on the roots of helianthella quinquenervis (hook.) a. gray (asteraceae), led to the isolation of one new benzofuran (6-methoxy-tremetone (1)) and a new prenylacetophenone (4-beta-d-(glucopyranosyloxy)-3-[3-methoxy-trans-isopenten-1 -yl] acetophenone (3)). in addition, 6-hydroxy-3-methoxytremetone (2), encecalin (6), euparin (5), demethylencecalin (4), and angelic acid were obtained. structural assignments of the isolated compounds were based on spectroscopic and spectrometric analy ... | 1996 | 8882437 |
| partial characterization of the lysine rich 280kd globulin from common buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench): its antigenic homology with seed proteins of some other crops. | a high molecular weight (hmw) globulin, the main storage protein in grains of the common buckwheat (fagopyrum esculentum moench) has been partially characterized. the protein exists as an oligomeric complex with molecular mass of 280 kd and is composed of three groups (alpha, beta and gamma of polypeptides with molecular weights ranging between 55-60, 32-44 and 16-29 kd respectively. the protein showed serological cross reactivity with globulins of soya bean, mung bean and pea. antibodies raised ... | 1996 | 8908369 |
| purification and characterization of a lectin from amaranthus hypochondriacus var. mexico seeds. | a lectin from amaranthus hypochondriacus var. mexico (ahml) was purified by affinity chromatography using asialofetuin-sepharose 4b. ahml is specific for n-acetyl-d-galactosamine as are the other amaranthus lectins. ahml has no carbohydrate moiety and requires no metal ion for the hemagglutination activity. the pi of ahml is 6.8. ahml has a native molecular mass of 45.0 kda and is composed of homo-subunits having molecular masses of 36.8 kda. | 1996 | 8988637 |
| betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase from amaranth leaves efficiently catalyzes the nad-dependent oxidation of dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde to dimethylsulfoniopropionate. | many flowering plants accumulate the compatible osmolyte glycine betaine in response to osmotic stress, in certain cases together with its sulfonium analog 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionate (dmsp). compared to glycine betaine, this dmsp accumulation appears to be an evolutionary novelty. the final step in the synthesis of glycine betaine and dmsp is oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde, betaine aldehyde or 3-dimethylsulfoniopropionaldehyde (dmspald). leaves of amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus ... | 1997 | 8990271 |
| glycemic index of grain amaranth, wheat and rice in niddm subjects. | glycemic index of grain amaranth, wheat and rice preparations was studied in non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. diets containing 50 g carbohydrate equivalent were given and post-prandial blood glucose estimated at different intervals. glycemic index calculated for different experimental diets showed that gi of amaranth-wheat composite flour diet (25:75) was the least (65.6%) followed by wheat diet (65.7%), rice diet (69.2%), amaranth-wheat flour 50:50 (75.5%), and popped amaranth in milk ( ... | 1997 | 9201751 |
| substrate inhibition by betaine aldehyde of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus l. | we have previously proposed that at low substrate concentrations betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase follows an irreversible iso ordered bi bi steady state kinetic mechanism with nad+ as the leading substrate [e.m. valenzuela-soto and r.a. muñoz-clares, j. biol. chem. 268 (1993) 23818-23823]. to further the understanding of this enzyme, we have studied the kinetics at high substrate concentrations. betaine aldehyde at concentrations above 500 microm behaves as a non-competitive inhibitor against nad+ ... | 1997 | 9300808 |
| a surface plasmon resonance assay for the binding of amaranthus hypochondriacus var. mexico lectin to glycoprotein. | we have used the analytical system based on surface plasmon resonance to monitor the interaction between amaranthus hypochondriacus var. mexico lectin and four different fetuins; fetuin, asialofetuin, agalactofetuin, and agalactosaminofetuin. agalactofetuin and agalactosaminofetuin were prepared by enzymic digestion of asialofetuin using jack bean beta-galactosidase or endo-alpha-n-acetylgalactosaminidase from diplococcus pneumoniae. ligands were immobilized onto a sensor surface via amide linka ... | 1998 | 9503165 |
| [development of a soup pasta based on the taste and nutritional requirements for aged people]. | the objective of this project was to elaborate a soup paste product based on cereal/leguminous mixture by cold extrusion method according to the preferences and limitations of the senescent population. formulas were obtained by a computation food mixtures program; the limitations applied were: protein quantity and quality. selected mixtures has to contain protein values over 13.2 g/100 g and a chemical assessment of leucine, lysine and methionine-cistein not lower than 75% of the fao/oms 1973 re ... | 1997 | 9659431 |
| molecular characterization of two genes encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from amaranth. expression in leaves under short-term exposure to osmotic stress or abscisic acid. | a genomic clone (ahybadh4) and a cdna (ahybadh17) both encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh; ec 1.2.1.8) were isolated from the plant amaranthus hypochondriacus l. the ahybadh4 gene extends 9 kilobases (kb) containing 15 exons with an open reading frame (orf) of 501 amino acids (aa), a 1.3kb 5' untranslated region (utr) and a 3' utr of 0.3kb. the ahybadh17 cdna encodes a badh isoform of 500aa which contains 10aa substitutions with respect to ahybadh4. both encoded proteins share 98% ide ... | 1998 | 9751804 |
| [evaluation of the chemical characteristics and physical and rheological properties of the starch isolated from 2 amaranth species (amaranthus cruentus and amaranthus hypochondriacus)]. | in this study the chemical composition, and the physical and rheological properties of starches isolated from seeds of three experimental varieties of amaranthus cruentus and amaranthus hypochondriacus, were evaluated. the starch content of amaranth grains was evaluated by two methods. the starch obtained showed a high purity with protein contents ranging from 0.90 to 0.93; the fat content was higher in a. cruentus starch than in the other two samples. the amylose content was different between t ... | 1998 | 10205917 |
| immunolocalization of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase in porcine kidney. | polyclonal anti-badh serum was raised in rabbits against native badh purified from porcine kidney. the antiserum cross-reacted strongly with badh purified from kidney, amaranthus palmierii, and pseudomona aeuroginosa (1:1000), and weakly with amaranthus hypochondriacus l (1:100). antibodies bound to purified native kidney badh in immunoblots showed a major band of an apparent molecular mass of 340 kda and a subunit with an apparent molecular mass of 52 kda. data on activity assays showed higher ... | 1999 | 10329454 |
| solution structure of the major alpha-amylase inhibitor of the crop plant amaranth. | alpha-amylase inhibitor (aai), a 32-residue miniprotein from the mexican crop plant amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus), is the smallest known alpha-amylase inhibitor and is specific for insect alpha-amylases (chagolla-lopez, a., blanco-labra, a., patthy, a., sanchez, r., and pongor, s. (1994) j. biol. chem. 269, 23675-23680). its disulfide topology was confirmed by edman degradation, and its three-dimensional solution structure was determined by two-dimensional 1h nmr spectroscopy at 500 mhz. ... | 1999 | 10400675 |
| light induction of cell type differentiation and cell-type-specific gene expression in cotyledons of a c(4) plant, flaveria trinervia. | in flaveria trinervia (asteraceae) seedlings, light-induced signals are required for differentiation of cotyledon bundle sheath cells and mesophyll cells and for cell-type-specific expression of rubisco small subunit genes (bundle sheath cell specific) and the genes that encode pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (mesophyll cell specific). both cell type differentiation and cell-type-specific gene expression were complete by d 7 in light-grown seedlings, but were ... | 1999 | 10557221 |
| cloning and characterization of a trypsin inhibitor cdna from amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) seeds. | we previously isolated and sequenced the major trypsin inhibitor from amaranthus hypochonidriacus seeds. this amaranth trypsin inhibitor (amti) is a 69 amino acid protein with high homology to members of the potato-1 inhibitor family. this paper describes the cloning and expression of a cdna encoding this trypsin inhibitor in various vegetative tissues of the amaranth plant during seed development and imbibition, and investigates the possible induction of amti expression by wounding. we obtained ... | 1999 | 10561064 |
| first report of the characterization of the threatened plant species amaranthus pumilus (seabeach amaranth). | this paper reports the first ever investigation of the chemical components/composition of the seeds of amaranthus pumilus (a threatened amaranth species) and compares the results to those of the more commonly cultivated amaranthus hypochondriacus (plainsman). this study clearly revealed that much genetic diversity exists between these species, indicating that potential breeding possibilities for the improvement of more commonly cultivated amaranth lines do exist. a. pumilus offers a much larger ... | 2000 | 10691643 |
| increased nutritive value of transgenic potato by expressing a nonallergenic seed albumin gene from amaranthus hypochondriacus. | improvement of nutritive value of crop plants, in particular the amino acid composition, has been a major long-term goal of plant breeding programs. toward this end, we reported earlier the cloning of the seed albumin gene ama1 from amaranthus hypochondriacus. the ama1 protein is nonallergenic in nature and is rich in all essential amino acids, and the composition corresponds well with the world health organization standards for optimal human nutrition. in an attempt to improve the nutritional v ... | 2000 | 10716698 |
| phytotoxic compounds from the new coprophilous fungus guanomyces polythrix. | bioactivity-directed fractionation of the fermentation broth and mycelium of the coprophilous fungus guanomyces polythrix led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds, including five new naphthopyranone derivatives (1-5). in addition, rubrofusarin b, emodin, citrinin, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester were obtained. the structures of the new compounds were established by spectral and chiroptical methods. the isolates caused significant inhibition of radicle growth of two weed seedli ... | 2000 | 10869195 |
| effect of feeding crude red palm oil (elaeis guineensis) and grain amaranth (amaranthus paniculatus) to hens on total lipids, cholesterol, pufa levels and acceptability of eggs. | eggs, though a very nutritious food, also have high amounts of cholesterol and hence are not recommended to be consumed regularly by persons having hypercholesterolemia and associated cardiovascular diseases (cvd). in this context, an attempt was made in this study to reduce the cholesterol content of eggs by diet manipulation, using two naturally available and already proved hypocholesteromic agents [red palm oil (rpo) and grain amaranth]. thirteen experimental rations using raw and popped grai ... | 2000 | 10898484 |
| digestive amylase from the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn. | a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, preparative electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography allowed a 1209-fold purification of one of the two major digestive alpha-amylases from larvae of the larger grain borer, prostephanus truncatus horn. the purified enzyme showed a molecular mass of 60.2 kda, an isoelectric point of 4.7 and an optimal ph for activity of 6.0. the enzyme was heat labile and it was recognized by proteinaceous inhibitors from amaranth seeds (amaranthus hypochond ... | 2000 | 11007185 |
| illumination increases the affinity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to bicarbonate in leaves of a c4 plant, amaranthus hypochondriacus. | illumination increased markedly the affinity to bicarbonate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc; ec 4.1.1.31) in leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus l., a c4 plant. when leaves were illuminated, the apparent km for (hco3-) of pepc decreased by about 50% concurrent with a 2- to 5-fold increase in vmax and 3- to 4-fold increase in ki for malate. the inclusion of ethoxyzolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase, during the assay had no effect on kinetic and regulatory properties of pepc ind ... | 2000 | 11038050 |
| effect of lichen metabolites on thylakoid electron transport and photophosphorylation in isolated spinach chloroplasts. | investigation of the lichen parmotrema tinctorum led to the isolation of several known compounds. among them, lecanorin (1), methyl-beta-orcinol carboxylate, methyl orsellinate, orcinol, and methyl haematommate (3) caused significant inhibition of the radicle growth and germination of seedlings of amaranthus hypochondriacus and echinochloa crusgalli. in addition, lecanorin (1) and gyrophoric acid (2) significantly inhibited the light-dependent synthesis of atp and uncoupled electron transfer on ... | 2000 | 11076561 |
| phytotoxic compounds from xanthocephalum gymnospermoides var. eradiatum. | investigation of the aerial parts of xanthocephalum gymnospermoides var eradiatum led to the isolation of two new labdane-type of diterpenes, namely, 8 alpha,13s-epoxylabdane-14s,15-diol (1) and methyl grindelate (2). in addition, grindelic acid (3), 7 alpha, 8 alpha-epoxygrindelic acid (4), 7 alpha-hydroxy-8(17)dehydrogrindelic acid (5), 17-hydroxygrindelic acid (6) and 4,5-epoxy-beta-caryophyllene (7) were obtained. the isolated compounds were characterized by spectral means. the absolute conf ... | 2000 | 11199131 |
| solution structure of the main alpha-amylase inhibitor from amaranth seeds. | the most abundant alpha-amylase inhibitor (aai) present in the seeds of amaranthus hypochondriacus, a variety of the mexican crop plant amaranth, is the smallest polypeptide (32 residues) known to inhibit alpha-amylase activity of insect larvae while leaving that of mammals unaffected. in solution, 1h nmr reveals that aai isolated from amaranth seeds adopts a major trans (70%) and minor cis (30%) conformation, resulting from slow cis-trans isomerization of the val15-pro16 peptide bond. both solu ... | 2001 | 11298757 |
| complexes of nadh with betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from leaves of the plant amaranthus hypochondriacus l. | the kinetic mechanism of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from leaves of the plant amaranthus hypochondriacus is ordered with nad(+) adding first. nadh is a noncompetitive inhibitor against nad(+), which was interpreted before as evidence of an iso mechanism, in which nad(+) and nadh binds to different forms of free enzyme. with the aim of testing the proposed kinetic mechanism, we have now investigated the ability of nadh to form different complexes with the enzyme. by initial velocity and equili ... | 2001 | 11306032 |
| [cloning of aha gene from amaranthus hypochondriacus and it's aphid inhibitory effect in transgenic tabacco plants]. | using total dna isolated from amaranthus hypochondriacus as template, amaranthus hypochondriacus agglutinin aha gene was amplified by pcr and cloned. sequence analysis results showed that this gene is consisted of 2453 base pairs including one 1538 bp intron and two exons of 212 bp and 703 bp respectively. after inverse pcr amplification, coding region of aha gene was obtained. aha gene with it's intron (ahag) and withou intron (ahac) were inserted downstream of 35s promotor in the binary vector ... | 2001 | 11330184 |
| phytotoxic naphthopyranone derivatives from the coprophilous fungus guanomyces polythrix. | reinvestigation of the fermentation broth and mycelium of the coprophilous fungus guanomyces polythrix, grown in static conditions, led to the isolation of several phytotoxic compounds, including two new naphthopyranone derivatives, namely (2s, 3r)-5-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4h-naphtho[2,3-b]-pyran-4-one and (2s, 3r)-5-hydroxy-6,8,10-trimethoxy-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-4h-naphtho[2,3-b]-pyran-4-one. the structures of the new compounds were established by spectral and chirop ... | 2001 | 11672740 |
| characterization of soluble amaranth and soybean proteins based on fluorescence, hydrophobicity, electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, circular dichroism, and differential scanning calorimetry measurements. | intrinsic fluorescence (if), surface hydrophobicity (s(o)), electrophoresis, amino acid analysis, circular dichroism (cd), and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) were used to study folded and unfolded soluble proteins from amaranthus hypochondriacus (a. h.) and soybean (s). globulin (glo) and albumin subfractions (alb-1 and alb-2) were extracted from a. h. and s and denatured with urea. electrophoretic and functional properties indicated a significant correlation between soluble protein fra ... | 2001 | 11714365 |
| extraction and purification of squalene from amaranthus grain. | grain amaranth has been suggested as an alternative to marine animals as a natural source of squalene. oil contents, squalene contents, and fatty acid profiles were determined in 11 genotypes of four grain amaranth species. although the oil contents of grain amaranth were low (from 5.1% in amaranthus tricolor to 7.7% in amaranthus cruentus) as compared to other oil-containing grains, high concentrations of squalene were found in total lipids, ranging from 3.6% in amaranthus hypochondriacus to 6. ... | 2002 | 11782209 |
| immunological characteristics of pep carboxylase from leaves of c3-, c4- and c3-c4 intermediate species of alternanthera--comparison with selected c3- and c4- plants. | immunological cross-reactivity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) in leaf extracts of c3-, c4- and c3-c4 intermediate species of alternanthera (along with a few other c3- and c4- plants) was studied using anti-pepc antibodies raised against pepc of amaranthus hypochondriacus (belonging to the same family as that of alternanthera, namely amaranthaceae). antibodies were also raised in rabbits against the purified pepc from zea mays (c4- monocot-poaceae) as well as alternanthera pungens (c4- ... | 2001 | 12019756 |
| plant pre-mrna splicing in fission yeast, schizosaccharomyces pombe. | pre-mrna splicing or the removal of introns from precursor messenger rnas depends on the accurate recognition of intron sequences by the splicing machinery. we have analyzed various aspects of intron sequence and structure in relation to splice site selection and splicing efficiency of a plant gene ama1 in schizosaccharomyces pombe. earlier, we reported the cloning of ama1, a seed albumin gene from amaranthus hypochondriacus [a. raina, a. datta, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 89 (1992) 11774]. in th ... | 2002 | 12054504 |
| a chimera polypeptide with active sites of hwtx-i and aai. | the functional amino acid sequence and its neighbouring fragments in the molecule of amaranth alpha-amylase inhibitor isolated from seeds of the mexican crop plant amaranthus hypochondriacus were transferred, by solid phase chemical synthesis, into n-terminal region of the huwentoxin-i(hwtx-i). the synthetic chimera polypeptide was confirmed by edman degradation and maldi-tof mass spectroscopy. the formation of three disulfide bonds and special conformation of the synthetic chimera was induced b ... | 2000 | 12075454 |
| premature termination of rna polymerase ii mediated transcription of a seed protein gene in schizosaccharomyces pombe. | the poly(a) signal and downstream elements with transcriptional pausing activity play an important role in termination of rna polymerase ii transcription. we show that an intronic sequence derived from the plant seed protein gene (ama1) specifically acts as a transcriptional terminator in the fission yeast, schizosaccharomyces pombe. the 3'-end points of mrna encoded by the ama1 gene were mapped at different positions in s.pombe and in native cells of amaranthus hypochondriacus. deletion analyse ... | 2002 | 12087180 |
| phytotoxic compounds from prionosciadium watsoni. | bioassay-guided fractionation of a phytotoxic extract of prionosciadium watsoni led to the isolation of three new pyranocoumarins and two pyranochromones. the new compounds were characterized as propionic acid (9r,10r)-9-acetoxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2h,8h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (1), isobutyric acid (9r,10r)-9-hydroxy-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2h,8h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b']dipyran-2-one-10-yl ester (2), isobutyric acid (9r)-8,8-dimethyl-9,10-dihydro-2h,8h-benzo[1,2-b:3,4-b'] ... | 2002 | 12088423 |
| sesquiterpene lactones and phenylpropanoids from cosmos pringlei. | activity-directed fractionation of a phytotoxic extract from cosmos pringlei led to the isolation of three new compounds, namely, 1'-isovaleroyloxy-4-o-isobutyryleugenol (1), zaluzanin c isobutyrate (2), and zaluzanin c isovalerate (3). in addition, mokko lactone, 1'-isobutiroyloxy-4-o-isobutyryleugenol (4), dehydrocostus lactone (5), costunolide (6), 15-isovaleroyloxycostunolide (7), 15-isobutiroyloxycostunolide (8), 1',2'-epoxy-3',4'-di-isobutyryl-z-coniferyl alcohol, and 3beta-hydroxy-5alpha- ... | 2002 | 12141867 |
| phytotoxicity and ultrastructural effects of gymnopusin from the orchid maxillaria densa on duckweed (lemna pausicostata) frond and root tissues. | two phenanthrene derivatives, characterized as erianthridin (9,10-dihydro-2,7-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene) and gymnopusin (2,7-dihydroxy-3,4,9-trimethoxyphenanthrene), were isolated from an extract of the orchid maxillaria densa, using phytotoxicity with amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) to guide fractionation. gymnopusin and erianthridin inhibited radicle elongation of a. hypochondriacus seedlings with ic(50) values of 330 and 58.2 microm, respectively. the phytoxicity of the two ph ... | 2002 | 12169307 |
| [protein fraction distribution in milling and screened physical fractions of grain amaranth]. | the purpose of the study was to establish the protein distribution based on solubility in physical fractions of amaranth flour, in particular between the flour from the germ and that from the perisperm. the protein distribution was obtained applying a series of solvents sequentially utilized in the classical methodology of osborne & mendel. the sample of a. cruentus weighing 2000 g was divided into 4 subsamples of 500 g each. one was left as the control while the other 3 were ground individually ... | 2002 | 12184151 |
| photosynthetic gene expression in meristems and during initial leaf development in a c4 dicotyledonous plant. | immunolocalization and fluorescent in situ hybridization were used with confocal microscopy to examine patterns of photosynthetic gene expression during initial stages of leaf development in the c4 dicot amaranthus hypochondriacus. mrnas encoding the large and small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase were present in the apical dome and in all cells of the leaf primordia. in contrast, these polypeptides were detected only in cells of the ground meristem, with no accumulation detecte ... | 1996 | 12226343 |
| tissue-specific and light-mediated expression of the c4 photosynthetic nad-dependent malic enzyme of amaranth mitochondria. | in the c4 dicotyledonous grain plant amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus), a mitochondrial nad-dependent malic enzyme (nad-me; ec 1.1.1.39) serves a specialized and essential role in photosynthetic carbon fixation. in this study we have examined specialized photosynthetic gene expression patterns for the nad-me [alpha] subunit. we show here that the [alpha] subunit gene is preferentially expressed in leaves and cotyledons (the most photosynthetically active tissues), and this expression is spec ... | 1996 | 12226404 |
| c4 photosynthetic gene expression in light- and dark-grown amaranth cotyledons. | the patterns of expression for genes encoding several c4 photosynthetic enzymes were examined in light-grown and dark-grown (etiolated) cotyledons of amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus), a dicotyledonous c4 plant. the large subunit and small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepcase), and pyruvate orthophosphate dikinase (ppdk) were all present in the cotyledons by d 2 after planting when the seedlings first emerged from the seed coat ... | 1993 | 12231890 |
| dramatic difference in the responses of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase to temperature in leaves of c3 and c4 plants. | temperature caused phenomenal modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc, ec 4.1.1.31) in leaf discs of amaranthus hypochondriacus (nad-me type c(4) species), compared to the pattern in pisum sativum (a c(3) plant). the optimal incubation temperature for pepc in a. hypochondriacus (c(4)) was 45 degrees c compared to 30 degrees c in p. sativum (c(3)). a. hypochondriacus (c(4)) lost nearly 70% of pepc activity on exposure to a low temperature of 15 degrees c, compared to only about a 35% ... | 2003 | 12554714 |
| ligand-induced conformational changes of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aeruginosa and amaranthus hypochondriacus l. leaves affecting the reactivity of the catalytic thiol. | the reaction catalyzed by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) involves the nucleophilic attack of a catalytic cysteinyl residue on the aldehyde substrate. as a possible mechanism of regulation, we have studied the modulation by ligands of the reactivity and/or accessibility of the essential thiol of the enzyme from the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa and the leaves of the plant amaranthus hypochondriacus (amaranth). in the absence of ligands, the kinetics of inactivation by thiol modifyi ... | 2003 | 12604197 |
| inactivation of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from pseudomonas aeruginosa and amaranthus hypochondriacus l. leaves by disulfiram. | betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) activity might be crucial for the growth of the human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa under conditions of infection and therefore appears to be a suitable target for antimicrobial agents. as a first step in the search for badh inhibitors, we have tested the effects of the known aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor disulfiram (dsf) on the activity of p. aeruginosa and amaranthus hypochondriacus (amaranth) leaf badhs. dsf totally inactivated both enzymes in a time ... | 2003 | 12604199 |
| inhibitory effect of ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l)-inflorescence extract on the germination of amaranthus hypochondriacus l and growth of two soil algae. | in this study the ecological importance of common ragweed (ambrosia artemisiifolia l.; asteraceae) was investigated in in vitro bioassays as it is one of the most widespread annual weeds occurring on arable land in hungary. eight fractions were derived from ragweed inflorescence water extract by low vacuum column chromatography and their biological activity was investigated by amaranthus hypochondriacus l. cv. edit (amaranthaceae) germination bioassay. as a result of the germination bioassay the ... | 2003 | 12615104 |
| amino acid sequence, biochemical characterization, and comparative modeling of a nonspecific lipid transfer protein from amaranthus hypochondriacus. | plant nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (nsltps) are characterized by their ability to bind a broad range of hydrophobic ligands in vitro. their biological function has not yet been elucidated, but they could play a major role in plant defense to physical and biological stress. an nsltp was isolated from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds and purified by gel filtration and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography techniques. the molecular mass of the protein as determined by mass sp ... | 2003 | 12801509 |
| influence of the extracting solvent upon the structural properties of amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) glutelin. | two amaranth glutelin preparations, gt-bo extracted with borate buffer at ph 10 and gt-na extracted with 0.1 n naoh, were characterized and compared with the amaranth polymerized 11s globulin (gp, globulin-p). gt-bo and gt-na presented very similar polypeptidic composition and a similar reactivity against an anti-gp polyclonal antibody, although lower than that of gp. it is demonstrated that gt-na is composed of denatured and dissociated molecules, whereas gt-bo consists of folded molecules. the ... | 2003 | 12822947 |
| phytotoxic compounds from flourensia cernua. | bioassay-directed fractionation of a ch(2)cl(2)-meoh (1:1) extract of the aerial parts of flourensia cernua led to the isolation of three phytotoxic compounds, namely, dehydroflourensic acid (1), flourensadiol (2) and methyl orsellinate (3). dehydroflourensic acid is a new natural product whose structure was established by spectral means. in addition, the known flavonoid ermanin and seven hitherto unknown gamma-lactones were obtained, these being tetracosan-4-olide, pentacosan-4-olide, hexacosan ... | 2003 | 12946427 |
| accumulation, assembly, and digestibility of amarantin expressed in transgenic tropical maize. | an amaranth ( amaranthus hypochondriacus) 11s globulin cdna, encoding one of the most important storage proteins (amarantin) of the seed, with a high content of essential amino acids, was used in the transformation of cimmyt tropical maize genotype. constructs contained the amarantin cdna under the control of a tissue-specific promoter from rice glutelin-1 ( osgt1) or a constitutive ( camv 35s) promoter with and without the first maize alcohol dehydrogenase intron ( adh). southern-blot analysis ... | 2004 | 14523523 |
| marked modulation by phosphate of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus, a nad-me type c4 plant: decrease in malate sensitivity but no change in the phosphorylation status. | the effect of pi on the properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) from amaranthus hypochondriacus, a nad-me type c4 plant, was studied in leaf extracts as well as with purified protein. efforts were also made to modulate the pi status of the leaf by feeding leaves with either pi or mannose. inclusion of 30 mm pi during the assay enhanced the enzyme activity in leaf extracts or of purified protein by >2-fold. the effect of pi on the enzyme purified from dark-adapted leaves was more pro ... | 2003 | 14585826 |
| the effect of exogenous jasmonic acid on induced resistance and productivity in amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) is influenced by environmental conditions. | amaranthus hypochondriacus is a c4 pseudocereal crop capable of producing reasonable grain yields in adverse environmental conditions that limit cereal performance. it accumulates trypsin inhibitors and alpha-amylase inhibitors in seeds and leaves that are considered to act as insect feeding deterrents. foliar trypsin and alpha-amylase inhibitors also accumulate by treatment with exogenous jasmonic acid (ja) in controlled laboratory conditions. three field experiments were performed in successiv ... | 2004 | 15274445 |
| oat (avena sativa l.) and amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) meals positively affect plasma lipid profile in rats fed cholesterol-containing diets. | cereals are an important part of diets for hypercholesterolemic patients. however, some of these patients are allergic to these natural products. the purpose of the current study was to compare oatmeal with equal in nutritional values two allergy-free amaranth meals to determine whether this pseudocereal can be a substitute for allergic to cereals individuals. the total phenols of the samples were determined with the folin-chocalteu reagent, anthocyanins, and flavonoids spectrophotometrically. t ... | 2004 | 15542354 |
| expression and characterization of a his-tagged 11s seed globulin from amaranthus hypochondriacus in escherichia coli. | dna encoding a his-tagged 11s globulin from amaranthus hypochondriacus (amarantin) was successfully expressed in escherichia coli strains bl21 (de3) and origami (de3). the two strains produced different accumulation patterns. whereas most of the proamarantin expressed in bl21 (de3) was localized in inclusion bodies, that produced in origami (de3) was soluble (76 mg/l). sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation analysis of the expressed soluble proamarantin revealed that the protein was assemb ... | 2004 | 15575708 |
| phytogrowth-inhibitory lactones derivatives of glaucolide b. | the sesquiterpene lactone glaucolide b (1), isolated from vernonia fruticulosa (asteraceae), was transformed into six lactones (2-7). the structures of the products were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. a series of solutions of compounds 1-7, at 200 microm, were tested on the germination and on the root and shoot growth of the dicotyledons physalis ixocarpa and trifolium alexandrinum and of the monocotyledons lolium multiflorum and amaranthus hypochondriacus. lactone 5 exhibited clear selec ... | 2009 | 15666538 |
| allelochemicals from stauranthus perforatus, a rutaceous tree of the yucatan peninsula, mexico. | aqueous leachates and a chcl3-meoh (1:1) extract of roots of stauranthus perforatus showed a significant phytotoxic effect on amaranthus hypochondriacus and echinochloa crus-galli. bioassay-directed fractionation of the active organic extract led to the isolation and characterization of ten secondary metabolites, which included two pyranocoumarins [xanthyletin (1) and 3-(1',1'-dimethylallyl)-xanthyletin (2)], four furanocoumarins [chalepensin (3), ammirin (4), chalepin (5) and 2'-isopropyl-psora ... | 2005 | 15694456 |
| association of non-starch polysaccharides and ferulic acid in grain amaranth (amaranthus caudatus l.) dietary fiber. | the association of ferulic acid, an alkali-extractable phenolic acid in amaranth (amaranthus caudatus l., amaranthaceae) insoluble fiber (trans-ferulic acid: 620 microg.g-1, cis-ferulic acid: 203 microg.g-1), and non-starch polysaccharides was investigated. enzymatic hydrolysis of insoluble amaranth fiber released several feruloylated oligosaccharides that were separated using sephadex lh-20-chromatography and reversed phase-high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc). three compounds were ... | 2005 | 15864784 |
| phytotoxins from the fungus malbranchea aurantiaca. | bioassay-directed fractionation of an ethyl acetate extract from cultures of the fungus malbranchea aurantiaca led to the isolation of two phytotoxic compounds, namely, 1-hydroxy-2-oxoeremophil-1(10),7(11),8(9)-trien-12(8)-olide (1) and penicillic acid (2). the structure of 1 was established by spectroscopic and x-ray crystallographic analyses. metabolites 1 and 2 caused significant inhibition of radicle growth of amaranthus hypochondriacus with ic(50) values 6.57 and 3.86 microm, respectively. ... | 2005 | 15896370 |
| phytotoxins from hofmeisteria schaffneri: isolation and synthesis of 2'-(2' '-hydroxy-4' '-methylphenyl)-2'-oxoethyl acetate1. | activity-directed fractionation of a ch(2)cl(2)-meoh (1:1) extract of hofmeisteria schaffneri led to the isolation of a new phytotoxin characterized as 2'-(2' '-hydroxy-4' '-methylphenyl)-2'-oxoethyl acetate and designated the trivial name of hofmeisterin (1). in addition, the known compounds beta-carotene, euparin, and 3',4',4a',9a'-tetrahydro-6,7'-dimethylspiro[benzofuran-3(2h),2'-pyrano[2,3-b]benzofuran]-2,4a'-diol (2) were obtained. the identification of the isolates was accomplished by spec ... | 2005 | 15974630 |
| phytotoxic activity of bibenzyl derivatives from the orchid epidendrum rigidum. | a whole plant chloroform-methanol extract of the orchid epidendrum rigidum inhibited radicle growth of amaranthus hypochondriacus seedlings (ic50 = 300 microg/ml). bioassay-guided fractionation furnished four phytotoxins, namely, gigantol (1), batatasin iii (2), 2,3-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenathrene-4,7-diol (9), and 3,4,9-trimethoxyphenanthrene-2,5-diol (11), along with the known flavonoids apigenin, vitexin, and isovetin and the triterterpenoids 24,24-dimethyl-9,19-cyclolanostane-25-en-3beta-o ... | 2005 | 16076106 |
| modulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in vivo by ca2+ in amaranthus hypochondriacus, a nad-me type c4 plant: possible involvement of ca2+ in up-regulation of pepc-protein kinase in vivo. | the properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) were studied, with respect to calcium (ca2+), in leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus, a c4 plant. experiments were conducted in vitro (by adding ca2+ during enzyme assay) or in vivo (by feeding ca2+ to intact leaves through petiole). inclusion of 10 microm ca2+ during assay marginally increased (<30%) malate sensitivity of pepc in extracts from dark-adapted leaves. the effect of ca2+ was marginal on pepc in extracts from illuminated leave ... | 2005 | 16255167 |
| identification of granule-bound starch synthase in potato tubers. | starch granules isolated from potato (solanum tuberosum l.) tubers were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate and the extract was analyzed. a major protein with a molecular weight of 60,000 daltons was detected. this protein was purified by preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and specific antibodies were prepared. the anti-60-kilodalton antibodies obtained (a) cross-reacted with the waxy proteins of both maize (zea mays l.) and grain amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus l.), a ... | 1986 | 16665043 |
| coordinate, organ-specific and developmental regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase gene expression in amaranthus hypochondriacus. | the expression of the genes encoding the large subunit (lsu) and small subunit (ssu) of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (rubpcase) was examined in roots, stems, cotyledons, and leaves of amaranth during the development of these tissues. the highest accumulation of lsu and ssu polypeptides occurred in cotyledons and leaves. their steady state levels were approximately 20-fold lower in stems, while in roots neither lsu and ssu polypeptides nor their respective mrnas could be detected. in cot ... | 1987 | 16665651 |
| [root exudates of potassium-enrichment genotype grain amaranth and their activation on soil mineral potassium]. | with solution culture experiment, this paper studied the effects of two potassium supply levels on the root exudates content and its dynamics of two grain amaranth genotypes (potassium-enrichment k12 and ordinary m9), and the activation of root exudates on soil mineral potassium. the results showed that the root exudation rates of soluble sugar, amino acids and organic acids of these two genotypes were decreased with increasing potassium supply level, which was higher in k12 than in m9. the root ... | 2006 | 16724725 |
| endoplasmic reticulum-retention c-terminal sequence enhances production of an 11s seed globulin from amaranthus hypochondriacus in pichia pastoris. | the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris was used to express an 11s seed globulin from amaranthus hypochondriacus. three different plasmids were tested for expression of amarantin. one of them, which included the untranslated regions (utr) of the full cdna, failed to express the amarantin under tested conditions, whereas the other plasmids, one without utr and the other similar but including the endoplasmic reticulum-retention signal kdel, were able to express the proamarantin in p. pastoris. af ... | 2006 | 17004299 |
| pentacyclic triterpenes with selective bioactivity from sebastiania adenophora leaves, euphorbiaceae. | six known pentacyclic triterpenes possessing oleanane, lupane, or taraxerane-type skeletons were isolated from the leaves of sebastiania adenophora (euphorbiaceae) and are reported for the first time in this species. these compounds include 3-epi-beta-amyrin, beta-amyrinone, 3-epi-lupeol, lupenone, taraxerol, and taraxerone. structures were elucidated by comparison with literature data. the bioactivities of these compounds were tested on the root growth of amaranthus hypochondriacus, amaranth (a ... | 2007 | 17151909 |
| two short sequences from amaranth 11s globulin are sufficient to target green fluorescent protein and beta-glucuronidase to vacuoles in arabidopsis cells. | vacuolar sorting of seed storage proteins is a very complex process since several sorting pathways and interactions among proteins of different classes have been reported. in addition, although the c-terminus of several 7s proteins is important for vacuolar delivery, other signals seem also to be involved in this process. in this work, the ability of two sequences of the amaranthus hypochondriacus 11s globulin (amaranthin) to target reporter proteins to vacuoles was studied. we show that the c-t ... | 2016 | 17466526 |
| oxalate in grain amaranth. | grain amaranth (amaranthus spp.) is a widely adaptable c4 pseudo-cereal crop that has interesting nutritional characteristics including high protein and calcium concentrations and a lack of gluten. to date, no antinutrient has been found at problematic levels in grain amaranth; however, oxalate has not been thoroughly studied. dietary oxalate is a potential risk factor for kidney stone development, and its presence in food lowers calcium and magnesium availability. oxalate concentration and form ... | 2007 | 17511467 |
| mature amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds contain non-processed 11s precursors. | amaranth is a dicotyledonous plant whose major seed storage proteins are globulins and glutelins. an unique feature of amaranth seeds is the presence of a fraction named albumin-2, that is extractable with water only after an exhaustive extraction of globulins and albumin-1. in this work, we tested the hypothesis that albumin-2 fraction could be constituted by a non-processed 11s globulin (proglobulin). to this end, the gene encoding the amaranth 11s subunit was cloned and expressed in escherich ... | 2008 | 17714748 |
| cloning of a cdna encoding a cystatin from grain amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) showing a tissue-specific expression that is modified by germination and abiotic stress. | a cdna, encoding a cysteine protease inhibitor (ahcpi), was isolated from an immature seed cdna library of grain amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus l.) and characterized. it encoded a polypeptide of 247 amino acids (aa), including a putative n-terminal signal peptide. other relevant regions found in its sequence included the g and pw conserved aa motifs, the consensus larfav sequence for phytocystatins and the reactive site qvvag. the predicted aa sequence for ahcpi showed a significant homolo ... | 2016 | 17870587 |
| mutual stimulation of temperature and light effects on c(4) phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in leaf discs and leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus. | this article reports marked modulation of the activity and regulatory properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (pepc) by temperature and light in leaf discs as well as leaves of amaranthus hypochondriacus. the activity of pepc increased by 1.7-fold at 45 degrees c over 25 degrees c. warm temperature also stimulated the photoactivation of pepc. the activation by light of pepc was 1.9-fold at 25 degrees c and increased to 2.2-fold at 45 degrees c. the sensitivity of pepc to its inhibitor mala ... | 2008 | 18022280 |
| isolation and biochemical characterization of an antifungal peptide from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds. | an antifungal peptide, ay-amp, was isolated from amaranthus hypochondriacus seeds by acidic extraction and then purified by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. the molecular mass of this peptide, as determined by mass spectrometry, is 3184 da. the peptide belongs to the superfamily of chitin-binding proteins, containing a single cysteine/glycine-rich chitin-binding domain, and it was found that ay-amp degrades chitin. ay-amp inhibits the growth, at very low doses, of different pat ... | 2007 | 18031007 |
| bioactive peptides in amaranth (amaranthus hypochondriacus) seed. | amaranth seeds are rich in protein with a high nutritional value, but little is known about their bioactive compounds that could benefit health. the objectives of this research were to investigate the presence, characterization, and the anticarcinogenic properties of the peptide lunasin in amaranth seeds. furthermore, to predict and identify other peptides in amaranth seed with potential biological activities. elisa showed an average concentration of 11.1 microg lunasin equivalent/g total extrac ... | 2008 | 18211015 |