Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| an ultrastructural study of the phagocytosis of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis and is believed to be an intracellular pathogen in human and animal disease. the uptake of b. pseudomallei by mouse peritoneal macrophages and cells in tissue culture was examined by electron microscopy. in all the systems studied b. pseudomallei were phagocytosed and apparently inhibited the normal processes of intracellular killing. destruction of the phagosome membrane occurred and the bacteria escaped into the cytoplasm. | 1998 | 9785484 |
| prevalence of human melioidosis on hainan island in china. | eight human cases of melioidosis were diagnosed at hainan people's hospital over a period of one year. four of the cases were of septicemia form, while the rest were of chronic form with abscesses in different organs. all the isolates were intrinsically resistant to cefazolin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin, while being rather sensitive to ampicillin/sulbactam, ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, and imipenem. a serological survey of exotoxin antibodies at different farms showed that xinglong was a farm se ... | 1998 | 9802565 |
| epidemiological surveillance of melioidosis in singapore. | during the period 1989 to 1996, a total of 372 cases of melioidosis, with 147 deaths, were reported, giving a mean annual incidence rate of 1.7 per 100,000 population and a case-fatality rate of 39.5%. majority (89%) of the clinical cases were confirmed by culture of burkholderia pseudomallei, while the others were presumptive cases based on a single blood specimen with an indirect haemaglutination (iha) antibody titre of > or = 1:16. the highest incidence rate was reported in those aged 45 year ... | 1998 | 9791650 |
| flagellin gene variation between clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei contrasts with the invariance among clinical isolates. | the flagellin gene sequence from a clinical isolate of burkholderia pseudomallei was used to design oligonucleotide primers for pcr/rflp analysis of flagellin gene variation among clinical and environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei. genes from four clinical and six environmental isolates were amplified and compared by rflp. the clinical isolates were indistinguishable, but variation was detected among some of the environmental isolates. sequence analysis of flagellin gene amplified products d ... | 1998 | 9877189 |
| [isolation and primary characteristics of a pseudomonas (burkholderia) pseudomallei plasmid]. | plasmid screening of reference pseudomonas pseudomallei strains isolated from patients and animals revealed cryptic plasmids with different molecular weights in 30 strains. plasmids were investigated by restriction analysis and dna-dna hybridization. cryptic plasmids were denoted as ppm1, pcm2, pcm3, and pcm4. the presence of plasmids in melioidosis agent permits their use for intraspecies typing of strains and for genetic studies. | 1998 | 9987750 |
| the type ii o-antigenic polysaccharide moiety of burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide is required for serum resistance and virulence. | melioidosis, an infection caused by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in south-east asia and northern australia. acute septicaemic melioidosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in north-east thailand. b. pseudomallei is highly resistant to the bactericidal activity of normal human serum (nhs), and we have found that b. pseudomallei 1026b multiplies in 10-30% nhs. we developed a simple screen for the identification of serum-sensitive ... | 1998 | 9988483 |
| hla-dr and -dq associations with melioidosis. | melioidosis is an important infectious disease of southeast asia caused by an intracellular bacterium, burkholderia pseudomallei. cellular immunity is postulated to play important roles in immunity to melioidosis that may influence the severity and clinical outcome of the disease. the present study was undertaken to investigate possible associations of melioidosis with hla class ii alleles. hla typing of hla-drb1, -dqa1, and -dqb1 was performed using polymerase chain reaction and sequence-specif ... | 1998 | 9757914 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei: the unbeatable foe? | although melioidosis has been recognized in thailand for many years and considerable progress in term of diagnosis and treatment was achieved, b. pseudomallei is still "the unbeatable foe", for several reasons as outlined here: under-recognition, high case-fatality rate, unacceptable relapse rate and a "time-bomb" for sero-positive patients. melioidosis is largely restricted to certain geographical areas. in thailand, it had long been considered a rare disease in thailand until ten cases with cu ... | 1998 | 9886137 |
| antigenic differences between clinical and environmental isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a free-living organism that causes the potentially lethal tropical infection melioidosis. the disease is endemic in many parts of eastern asia and northern australia. the presence of two distinct biotypes in soil can be reliably distinguished by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose. whereas some soil isolates could utilize this substrate (ara+), the remaining soil isolates and all clinical isolates tested so far could not (ara-). only the ara- isolates were virule ... | 1998 | 9886145 |
| neonatal meningitis and septicaemia caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. | we report a case of meningitis and one of fatal septicaemia in neonates due to burkholderia pseudomallei and review the literature on neonatal melioidosis. pneumonia was the primary presentation and was complicated by shock in the latter case. the epidemiological findings suggest that the cases reported from malaysia were community-acquired in contrast with those from the usa and thailand. | 1998 | 9924578 |
| dry-season outbreak of melioidosis in western australia. | 1998 | 9843113 | |
| epidemiology of burkholderia pseudomallei in thailand. | the distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil collected from four regions of thailand and the frequency of b. pseudomallei infections in patients attending government hospitals throughout thailand in 1997 were surveyed. a total of 3,585 soil samples collected from 896 sites in four regions of thailand were cultured for b. pseudomallei using selective enrichment broth and modified ashdown's agar. the organism was recovered in 4.4%, 6.1%, 20.4%, and 5.9% of the soil samples collected from ... | 1999 | 10466977 |
| species versus biotype status. | 1999 | 10610379 | |
| mediation of attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to human pharyngeal epithelial cells by the asialoganglioside gm1-gm2 receptor complex. | melioidosis is the term given to any infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. this bacteria is one of the important causative agents of life-threatening pulmonary infections in the tropical and subtropical areas. the initiation of respiratory infections is attachment of this bacteria to pharyngeal cells. the precise mechanism of attachment of b. pseudomallei is not known. in this study, we found that asialoganglioside gm1 at concentrations of 25, 12.5, and 5 microg/ml significantly decreas ... | 1999 | 10497993 |
| obligatory role of gamma interferon for host survival in a murine model of infection with burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacterium capable of causing either acute lethal sepsis or chronic but eventually fatal disease in infected individuals. however, despite the clinical importance of this infection in areas where it is endemic, there is essentially no information on the mechanisms of protective immunity to the bacterium. we describe here a murine model of either acute or chronic infection with b. pseudomallei in taylor outbred (to) ... | 1999 | 10377144 |
| molecular characterization of genetic loci required for secretion of exoproducts in burkholderia pseudomallei. | previous studies have demonstrated that burkholderia pseudomallei secretes protease, lipase, and phospholipase c (plc) into the extracellular milieu, but their mechanisms of secretion and roles in pathogenesis have not been elucidated. in this study, we isolated and characterized 29 transposon mutants unable to secrete protease, lipase, and plc. | 1999 | 10419967 |
| convenient and versatile dna extraction using agarose plugs for ribotyping of problematic bacterial species. | we describe a convenient, versatile and safe method for preparing bacterial dna for ribotyping analysis. in this method, extraction of bacterial dna from salmnonella typhi and burkholderia pseudomallei. and subsequent restriction endonuclease digestion, was performed in agarose blocks/plugs thus minimizing shearing and loss of dna, problems commonly associated with liquid phase phenol extraction. digested dna in the plugs was then electrophoresed directly, transferred to nylon membranes and hybr ... | 1999 | 10520586 |
| the many facets of melioidosis. | 1999 | 10217823 | |
| characterization of a murine model of melioidosis: comparison of different strains of mice. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the saprophytic gram-negative rod burkholderia pseudomallei. the aim of this study was to establish and characterize a murine model of melioidosis to provide a basis for further investigations on the pathogenesis of the disease. after intravenous infection with b. pseudomallei, c57bl/6 mice were found to be significantly more resistant than balb/c mice. there was a marked organotropism of b. pseudomallei for the spleen and liver in both strains of m ... | 1999 | 10338496 |
| [the efficacy and outlook for the study of live vaccines for the prevention of melioidosis]. | the effect of immunization with burkholderia pseudomallei, (pur- and ts), heterologous vaccines and the recombinant culture of francisella tularensis rm2, carrying a plasmid with fragments of b. pseudomallei chromosome, was studied on four species of experimental animals, essentially differing by their sensitivity to melioidosis. b. pseudomallei mutants formed the statistically significant level of protection in subcutaneously challenged animals, moderately sensitive to melioidosis, but were not ... | 1999 | 10356737 |
| an indigenous melioidosis: a case report. | melioidosis is a rare but potentially fatal infectious disease in taiwan, although it has been endemic in southeast asia, especially northeast thailand, and northern australia. in this article, we report a male diabetes with fulminant pneumonia, and septicemia caused by burkholderia pseudomallei without traveling abroad before this episode. productive cough and intermittent chills, high fever for one week, followed by progressively deteriorating dyspnea, shock, disturbed consciousness status wer ... | 1999 | 10375872 |
| [case of melioidosis associated with acute empyema and cellulitis of the leg]. | 1999 | 10465956 | |
| melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infection with the gram-negative bacillus burkholdria pseudomallei, previous known as pseudomonas pseudomallei. we present a case report of a man with non-hodgkin's lymphoma, who after visiting indonesia presented himself with a urosepsis, with positive cultures to b. pseudomallei. melioidosis is endemic in areas of southeast asia and the northern part of australia. infection with the b. pseudomallei has a high mortality rate. diagnosis can be made on the basis of cultures, the ... | 1999 | 10079683 |
| a deadly thorn: a case of imported melioidosis. | 1999 | 10459942 | |
| [burkholderia mallei and burkholderia pseudomallei. study of immuno- and pathogenesis of glanders and melioidosis. heterologous vaccines]. | parameters of the infectious activity of b.mallei and b.pseudomallei for animals of various species were determined. pathomorphological characteristics of the process of malleus and melioidosis were studied on golden hamsters, mice, guinea pigs, rats and monkeys. tularemia, plague and salmonellosis vaccines were shown to have protective effects in experimental malleus and melioidosis. an insignificant cross immune response between the malleus and melioidosis pathogens was observed. | 1999 | 10422574 |
| combination antimicrobial therapy of acute burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a mouse model. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease endemic in tropical and subtropical regions of south-east asia and northern australia. antimicrobial therapy regimens for treatment of acute septicemic melioidosis are of variable efficacy. ceftazidime is the current antibiotic of choice and is commonly administered with other agents such as cotrimoxazole or doxycycline. the emergence of resistant strains of b. pseudomallei and the persistence of high mortality rates prom ... | 1999 | 10503275 |
| melioidosis with adrenal gland abscess. | we report a case of melioidosis with left adrenal gland abscess in a 51-year-old man from taiwan who traveled to rangoon, burma for a four-day tour on july 15, 1997. the patient developed fever and left upper abdominal pain upon returning to taiwan on july 19, 1997. ten days after returning to taiwan, he was admitted to chang gung memorial hospital in keelung, taiwan and blood culture on admission was positive for burkholderia pseudomallei. computerized tomography of the abdomen revealed left ad ... | 1999 | 10432051 |
| attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to pharyngeal epithelial cells: a highly pathogenic bacteria with low attachment ability. | respiratory infections are initiated by the attachment of bacteria to pharyngeal epithelial cells. we studied the attachment of burkholderia pseudomallei to pharyngeal epithelial cells. after one, two, three, and four washes, there were 22.6+/-8.9, 15.7+/-7.0, 6.8+/-3.1, and 4.6+/-1.1 (mean+/-sd) attached bacteria/cell, respectively. if the bacterial concentration was maintained at 1 x 10(8) colony-forming units (cfu)/ml and three washes were done, at concentrations of 2.5 x 10(4), 5 x 10(4), an ... | 1999 | 9988329 |
| spinal cord disease due to melioidosis. | 1999 | 10450444 | |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei by latex agglutination based on an exopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | we recently identified a constitutively expressed exopolysaccharide of burkholderia pseudomallei which is composed of a unique linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit consisting of three galactose residues and one 3-deoxy-d-manno-2-octulosonic acid residue. in this study we developed a latex agglutination test based on monoclonal antibody 3015, which is specific for this exopolysaccharide, and evaluated this test for rapid identification of b. pseudomallei grown on agar plates. all 74 environmenta ... | 1999 | 9854098 |
| evidence for the presence in burkholderia pseudomallei of a type iii secretion system-associated gene cluster. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, contains a cluster of putative genes homologous to those encoding hpap, hrcq, hrcr, hrcs and hrpv in the plant pathogen ralstonia solanacearum. in r. solanacearum, these genes form part of a type iii secretion-associated pathogenicity island. the order of the genes in b. pseudomallei is directly equivalent to that found in r. solanacearum. the b. pseudomallei proteins share 49.5% (hpap), 52.6% (hrcq), 80.0% (hrcr), 72.1% (hrcs) and 4 ... | 1999 | 10403415 |
| surgical presentation of melioidosis in india. | melioidosis, the disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is common in southeast asia. it has also been reported from india, where some investigators feel it is under-diagnosed and under-reported. we report our experience with melioidosis presenting as abscesses at unusual sites. | 1999 | 10416320 |
| efflux-mediated aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to a wide range of antimicrobial agents including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and polymyxins. we used tn5-ot182 to mutagenize b. pseudomallei to identify the genes involved in aminoglycoside resistance. we report here on the identification of amrab-opra, a multidrug efflux system in b. pseudomallei which is specific for both aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics. we isolated two transposon ... | 1999 | 10049252 |
| phylogenetic analysis of ara+ and ara- burkholderia pseudomallei isolates and development of a multiplex pcr procedure for rapid discrimination between the two biotypes. | a burkholderia pseudomallei-like organism has recently been identified among some soil isolates of b. pseudomallei in an area with endemic melioidosis. this organism is almost identical to b. pseudomallei in terms of morphological and biochemical profiles, except that it differs in ability to assimilate l-arabinose. these ara+ isolates are also less virulent than the ara- isolates in animal models. in addition, clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei available to date are almost exclusively ara-. t ... | 1999 | 10325345 |
| [melioidosis]. | 1999 | 10088387 | |
| pcr-rflp analysis of the flagellin sequences for identification of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia from clinical isolates. | the flagellin genes of four burkholderia pseudomallei and two burkholderia cepacia clinical isolates were studied by a polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based isolation method using the same pair of primers. the pcr-amplification products of the isolates showed a single band of about 1.1 kb, which is similar to a type ii b. cepacia flagellin reported previously. in order to distinguish these two species based on the flagellin pcr-amplified products, pst i and xho i restriction endonuclease analysi ... | 1999 | 10208800 |
| imipenem for the treatment of melioidosis. | melioidosis is a protean disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. it is rare in the uk and is generally only seen in patients with a travel history to endemic areas such as thailand, singapore and malaysia. cases may present with disseminated bacteraemic, non-disseminated bacteraemic, multi-focal bacteraemic or localized disease. subclinical infections also occur. following acquisition of the organism a patient may remain asymptomatic for several years before infection becomes clinically app ... | 1999 | 10461846 |
| assessment of the extent and activity of melioidosis with technetium labelled leukocyte scanning. | 1999 | 10630658 | |
| a comparison of lysis centrifugation, pour plate, and conventional blood culture methods in the diagnosis of septicaemic melioidosis. | to determine whether quantitative blood culture methods could improve the diagnosis of septicaemic melioidosis. | 1999 | 10645233 |
| cloning and characterization of a nonhemolytic phospholipase c gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. | we cloned and characterized a phosphatidylcholine-hydrolyzing phospholipase c (pc-plc) gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. dna sequence analysis of the gene indicated an open reading frame coding for 700 amino acids with a 34-amino-acid signal peptide. when cleaved, this yields a secreted 73-kda mature protein. the deduced amino acid sequence exhibited 48% similarity to that of a nonhemolytic plc from pseudomonas aeruginosa. the expressed pc-plc was heat stable, nonhemolytic for sheep erythrocy ... | 1999 | 10523590 |
| melioidosis in southern vietnam: clinical surveillance and environmental sampling. | from 1992-1998, burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated from only 9 (0.25%) of 3653 cultures of blood from febrile patients admitted to the centre for tropical diseases in ho chi minh city, an infectious disease referral center for southern vietnam. soil was sampled from 407 sites in 147 rice fields along the 5 major roads radiating from ho chi minh city. b. pseudomallei was isolated from 73 sites (18%) in 39 rice fields (27%), but only 15 (21%) of the 71 isolates from 9 (6%) of 147 fields were t ... | 1999 | 10524986 |
| differences in genomic macrorestriction patterns of arabinose-positive (burkholderia thailandensis) and arabinose-negative burkholderia pseudomallei. | we reported previously two biochemically and antigenically distinct biotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei. these two distinct biotypes could be distinguished by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose. some b. pseudomallei isolated from soil samples could utilize this substrate (ara+), whereas the other soil isolates and all clinical isolates could not (ara-). only the ara isolates were virulent in animals and reacted with monoclonal antibody directed at the surface envelope, most likely the exo ... | 1999 | 10529102 |
| isolation of polymyxin b-susceptible mutants of burkholderia pseudomallei and molecular characterization of genetic loci involved in polymyxin b resistance. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the disease known as melioidosis. this pathogen is endemic to southeast asia and northern australia and is particularly problematic in northeastern thailand. it has been previously reported that b. pseudomallei is resistant to the killing action of cationic antimicrobial peptides, including human neutrophil peptide, protamine sulfate, poly-l-lysine, magainins, and polymyxins. recently, we have also found that the virulent clinica ... | 1999 | 10543742 |
| in vitro susceptibilities of burkholderia mallei in comparison to those of other pathogenic burkholderia spp. | the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of isolates of burkholderia mallei to 16 antibiotics were assessed and compared with the susceptibilities of burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia cepacia. the antibiotic susceptibility profile of b. mallei resembled that of b. pseudomallei more closely than that of b. cepacia, which corresponds to their similarities in terms of biochemistry, antigenicity, and pathogenicity. ceftazidime, imipenem, doxycycline, and ciprofloxacin were active against ... | 1999 | 10543761 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by latex agglutination using lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibody. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in southeast asia. the septicemic form of melioidosis is the leading cause of death due to community-acquired bacteremia in the northeastern part of thailand. the delay in isolation and identification of the causative organism is a major contributing factor to the high mortality. the present study describes the evaluation of a latex agglutination test for rapid identification of the bacteria directly from blood cultures. t ... | 1999 | 10548306 |
| elevated plasma concentrations of interferon (ifn)-gamma and the ifn-gamma-inducing cytokines interleukin (il)-18, il-12, and il-15 in severe melioidosis. | interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sepsis. production of ifn-gamma is stimulated by synergistic effects of interleukin (il)-18, il-12, and il-15. to investigate the regulation of ifn-gamma production during severe gram-negative infection, the plasma concentrations of ifn-gamma, il-18, il-12, and il-15 were measured in 83 patients with suspected melioidosis. the diagnosis was confirmed in 62 patients, 31 of whom had blood cultures positive for burkholderia pseud ... | 1999 | 10558944 |
| aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | 1999 | 10577350 | |
| short report: evaluation of a monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination test for rapid diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | a monoclonal antibody (mab)-based latex agglutination (mab-la) test was developed to rapidly identify burkholderia pseudomallei in hemoculture of patients with septicemic melioidosis. the method was evaluated in a clinical situation on 396 hemocultures positive for bacterial growth, of which 75 cultures were positive for b. pseudomallei by conventional biochemical tests. the sensitivity and specificity of the mab-la test were 95% and 100%, respectively. the positive and negative predictive value ... | 1999 | 10586904 |
| antilipopolysaccharide ii: an antibody protective against fatal melioidosis. | this was a study of igg antibody responses to two s-type lipopolysaccharides (lps i and lps ii) and flagellin of burkholderia pseudomallei in patients with melioidosis. the specificity of these antibodies was 91.7%, 90.3%, and 93.8%, respectively, when compared to responses in a population where the organism is not endemic. only the level of antibody to lps ii (anti-lps ii) was significantly higher in patients who survived than in those who died, as well as in patients with nonsepticemic vs. sep ... | 1999 | 10589895 |
| current studies on the pathogenesis of melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a major cause of bacterial septicemias in many parts of the world, particularly thailand; the known geographic range of the organism appears to be enlarging as awareness of the organism and the disease it causes--melioidosis--increases. b. pseudomallei is intrinsically resistant to most antibiotics, and our knowledge of b. pseudomallei pathogenesis is lacking. thus, the long-term objective of our research is to define at a molecular level the pathogenesis by combinin ... | 1999 | 10594980 |
| stable marker on flagellin gene sequences related to arabinose non-assimilating pathogenic burkholderia pseudomallei. | using pcr-based isolation and sequence analysis of the flagellin gene from two distinct biotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei, a 15-bp deletion was found within the variable domain of the gene in isolates capable of assimilating arabinose (ara+). this finding led to the development of a pcr-based method in order to differentiate and identify pathogenic b. pseudomallei for epidemiological study. a pair of specific primers was designed covering the 15-bp deletion region at the variable domain. pcr ... | 1999 | 10609608 |
| an exotic pulmonary infection in thailand: melioidosis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease from burkholderia pseudomallei and is confined in specific geographic areas such as southeast asia. its highest prevalence in thailand is in the north-eastern part. most infected patients had worked paddy fields or had underlying diseases such as diabetes mellitus. melioidosis can manifest clinically, with either disseminated or localized features. in the disseminated form patients developed an acute and progressive course with septicaemia. in contrast, patie ... | 1999 | 10612579 |
| rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ... | 1999 | 10523570 |
| melioidosis brain and lung abscess after travel to sri lanka. | 1999 | 10825069 | |
| arabinose-positive burkholderia pseudomallei infection in humans: case report. | 1999 | 10825075 | |
| [the outlook for the development of live vaccines for the prevention of melioidosis]. | the effectiveness of immunization with burkholderia pseudomallei attenuated strains (pur and ts), heterologous vaccines and the recombinant culture of francisella tularensis rm2 carrying a plasmid with fragments of b. pseudomallei chromosome was studied in four species of experimental animals, essentially differing in their sensitivity to melioidosis. the most immunogenic b. pseudomallei mutants, introduced subcutaneously, created a statistically significant level of protection in animals, moder ... | 1999 | 10851991 |
| genotypic and phenotypic relationship in burkholderia pseudomallei indicates colonization with closely related isolates. | seven isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei from cases of melioidosis in human (2 isolates) and animal (2 isolates), cat (one isolate) and from soil samples (2 isolates) were examined for in vitro sensitivity to 14 antimicrobial agents and for presence of plasmid dna. randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis was used to type the isolates, using two arbitrary primers. all isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, carbenicillin, rifampicin, enrofloxacin, tetracycline and sul ... | 1999 | 10928372 |
| acute melioidosis outbreak in western australia. | a cluster of acute melioidosis cases occurred in a remote, coastal community in tropical western australia. molecular typing of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from culture-confirmed cases and suspected environmental sources by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of xbai chromosomal dna digests showed that a single pfge type was responsible for five cases of acute infection in a community of around 300 during a 5 week period. this temporal and geographical clustering of acute melioidosis ... | 1999 | 10694154 |
| highly resistant burkholderia pseudomallei small colony variants isolated in vitro and in experimental melioidosis. | burkhloderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease in which treatment failures and relapses are common. this study reports on slow growing b. pseudomallei 'small colony variants' (scvs), isolated either in vitro after exposure to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin or gentamicin or from the spleen and liver in a mouse model of melioidosis after treatment with ceftazidime. interestingly, scvs isolated by either method or antimicrobial agent showed a significant increase in the mini ... | 1999 | 10753061 |
| [the enzyme-antienzyme interactions of a number of burkholderia pseudomallei hydrolases with monoclonal immunoglobulins]. | phosphatase, phospholipase c and a proteolytic complex, including casein- and hemoglobin-hydrolases, have been isolated from cell-free extracts of b. pseudomallei cultivation medium. a set of monoclonal antibodies (mcab) to the antigenic complexes of this infective agent has been obtained. conditions for the study of the interaction of the enzymes and mcab have been worked out, and most of the 14 immunoglobulins under study have been shown to neutralize 2-3 hydrolases each. three types of mcab, ... | 1999 | 10876843 |
| [the characteristics of the enzyme systems in the causative agent of melioidosis]. | 1999 | 10876871 | |
| epidemiology of arabinose assimilation in burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from patients and soil in thailand. | burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental saprophyte that has been isolated widely from soil in southeast asia and the relationship between environmental contamination and clinical melioidosis has been established. it has been shown that the arabinose assimilation property of b. pseudonrallei is probably one of the determinants indicating virulence of this organism. therefore, the distribution of arabinose assimilation biotypes of b. pseudomallei collected from four geographic regions of tha ... | 1999 | 10928371 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei--abscess in an unusual site. | meloidosis in a unusual site has been reported in a child. complete identification of the organism has been presented. | 1999 | 11127385 |
| monoclonal antibody-based rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood culture fluid from patients with community-acquired septicaemia. | a monoclonal antibody-based latex agglutination (mab-la) test was employed for the rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood culture fluid from patients with community-acquired septicaemia. these patients were admitted to 12 hospitals in the northeastern part of thailand which is a region known to be endemic for melioidosis. blood samples were collected and immediately added to the blood culture bottles which were incubated in either automated (five hospitals) or manual (seven h ... | 2000 | 11129718 |
| characterization and mutagenesis of fur gene from burkholderia pseudomallei. | a homolog of the ferric uptake regulator gene (fur) was isolated from burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) by a reverse genetic technique. sequencing of a 2.2kb dna fragment revealed an open reading frame with extensive homology to bacterial fur proteins. the cloned gene encodes a 16kda protein that cross-reacts with a polyclonal anti-escherichia coli fur serum. the transcription start site was determined by the primer extension technique. expression analysis of fur showed no increased fur mrna levels ... | 2000 | 10974543 |
| kinetic studies of the production of nitric oxide (no) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in macrophages stimulated with burkholderia pseudomallei endotoxin. | the mechanism by which burkholderia pseudomallei survives in macrophages is not clearly understood. in this study, we demonstrated that the mouse macrophage cell line (raw 264.7) treated with lipopolysaccharide (lps) from b. pseudomallei (bp-lps) produced significantly less no and tnf-alpha compared with those stimulated with the lps from escherichia coli and salmonella typhi. the time required for the bp-lps to trigger substantial no and tnf-alpha release was at least 30 min, compared with < 5 ... | 2000 | 11122236 |
| [pathogenicity of burkholderia pseudomallei: extracellular and surface antigen functions]. | the data of literature and the results of investigations carried out by the authors on the analysis of b. pseudomallei pathogenicity factors. they include mucoid, endotoxin, lecithinase, proteases, hemolysins, etc. in addition to fimbriae and pili, the adhesive properties of b. pseudomallei are supposed to be associated with surface capsule-like structures whose composition includes ag8. the characterization of exoproteases, hemolysins and lethal toxins is given. the virulence and immunogenicity ... | 2000 | 11210655 |
| genotype analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd): indicative of genetic differences amongst environmental and clinical isolates. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, an infectious disease common in the tropics. melioidosis is most prevalent in the northeastern part of thailand. the diseases has diverse clinical manifestations ranging from mild localized to fatal septicemic forms. the bacterial genetic factors contributing to the severity of melioidosis have not been completely identified. we have developed a genotyping method based upon randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. eighte ... | 2000 | 11080514 |
| characterization of burkholderia pseudomallei isolated in thailand and malaysia. | a total of 35 burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from thailand (16 clinical and eight soil isolates) and malaysia (seven animal, two isolate each from clinical and soil) were investigated by their antimicrobial resistance, plasmid profiles and were typed by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis. all isolates were found to be resistant to six or more of the 12 antimicrobial agents tested. only two small plasmids of 1.8 and 2.4 megadalton were detected in two clinical isolates from thailand. ... | 2000 | 11109011 |
| cloning and analysis of genomic differences unique to burkholderia pseudomallei by comparison with b. thailandensis. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. genomic subtractive hybridisation was performed with the closely related avirulent species b. thailandensis to identify virulence genes of b. pseudomallei. the subtractive hybridisation products were highly specific for b. pseudomallei. sequence analysis revealed a number of putative virulence factors, as well as apparently novel sequences of unknown function. the subtracted library contained dna regions of relatively low ... | 2000 | 11073153 |
| infections in e-beta thalassemia. | infection is a major complication and the leading cause of death in thalassemia, especially e-beta thalassemia. the spectrum of infections in e-beta thalassemia include mild and severe infections, therapy-related infections such as yersinia enterocolitica infection associated with desferrioxamine (dfo) therapy, and transfusion-transmitted disease, as well as unique infections such as with pythiosis. prospective studies in thailand indicate that patients with e-beta thalassemia had more frequent ... | 2000 | 11132234 |
| melioidosis: acute and chronic disease, relapse and re-activation. | in melioidosis-endemic regions the importance of re-activation of burkholderia pseudomallei from latent foci remains unclear. this topic was assessed in a 10-year prospective study (1989-99) of melioidosis in the tropical north of the northern territory of australia, together with other aspects of the nature of melioidosis. incubation period from defined inoculating events was previously ascertained as 1-21 (mean 9) days. of 252 total cases 244 (97%) were considered to be from recent acquisition ... | 2000 | 10975006 |
| antigenic heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharide among burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes melioidosis, a potentially fatal human infection in the tropics. clinical isolates from different geographical locations have similar morphological and biochemical characteristics. although bp has been reported to possess 2 types of lipopolysaccharide (lps) differing in the chemical structure of their o-polysaccharide (o-ps) component, earlier report demonstrated that the clinical strains exhibited identical lps moieties. recently, we reported antigenic simi ... | 2000 | 11414445 |
| comparison of the polymerase chain reaction and serologic tests for diagnosis of septicemic melioidosis. | for diagnosis of melioidosis, we compared polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based dna detection and three serologic methods with the culture method currently used as gold standard. the diagnostic values of the serologic methods were evaluated in 130 patients. all these patients resided in an endemic area. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) gave slightly higher specificity (86.2%) than a dot immunoassay (dot) (85.3%), but was superior to an indirect hemagglutination assay (iha) (79.8%). t ... | 2000 | 11388506 |
| soluble granzymes are released during human endotoxemia and in patients with severe infection due to gram-negative bacteria. | extracellular release of granzymes is considered to reflect the involvement of cytotoxic t lymphocytes and nk cells in various disease states. to obtain insight into granzyme release during bacterial infection, granzyme levels were measured during experimental human endotoxemia and in patients with melioidosis, a severe infection due to gram-negative bacteria. plasma concentrations of granzyme a (gra) and grb increased transiently after endotoxin administration, peaking after 2-6 h. in patients ... | 2000 | 10882599 |
| pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis. | experimental studies have suggested that constant intravenous infusion would be preferable to conventional intermittent bolus administration of beta-lactam antibiotics for serious gram-negative infections. severe melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei infection) carries a mortality over 40% despite treatment with high dose ceftazidime. the aim of this study was to measure the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of continuous infusion of ceftazidime vs intermittent bolus dosing in septica ... | 2000 | 10930972 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei induces cell fusion and actin-associated membrane protrusion: a possible mechanism for cell-to-cell spreading. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium, is the causative agent of a broad spectrum of diseases collectively known as melioidosis. its ability to survive inside phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells and to induce multinucleated giant cell (mngc) formation has been demonstrated. this study was designed to assess a possible mechanism(s) leading to this cellular change, using virulent and nonvirulent strains of b. pseudomallei to infect both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cell l ... | 2000 | 10948167 |
| pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis. | experimental studies have suggested that constant intravenous infusion would be preferable to conventional intermittent bolus administration of beta-lactam antibiotics for serious gram-negative infections. severe melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei infection) carries a mortality of 40% despite treatment with high dose ceftazidime. the aim of this study was to measure the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic effects of continuous infusion of ceftazidime vs intermittent bolus dosing in septicaem ... | 2000 | 10792202 |
| pseudomonas (burkholderia) pseudomallei in thailand, 1964-1967: geographic distribution of the organism, attempts to identify cases of active infection, and presence of antibody in representative sera. | the purpose of this study, initiated in 1964 and concluded in 1967, was to define the distribution of pseudomonas (now burkholderia) pseudomallei in thailand, to evaluate its importance as an etiologic agent, and to survey the presence of antibody in people that might indicate prior infection and/or contact with the microorganism. | 2000 | 10813478 |
| comparison of efficacy of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline against experimental melioidosis and glanders. | melioidosis and glanders are caused by the closely related species burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia mallei, respectively. whereas melioidosis is a significant cause of morbidity in south-east asia, glanders is extremely rare. the efficacies of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline were assessed against a strain of b. pseudomallei and a strain of b. mallei which were susceptible to both antimicrobials in vitro. porton outbred mice and syrian hamsters were given 40 mg/kg of either doxycycline or ... | 2000 | 10837435 |
| sequencing and characterization of a novel serine metalloprotease from burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacterium is found in the soil and water, mainly in southeast asia and northern australia. it is responsible for melioidosis in human and animals. the bacteria produce several potential virulent factors such as extracellular protease, hemolysin, lipase and lecithinase. the isolation of virulence genes and the study of their functions will contribute to our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis. previous studies have implicated protease as a contributi ... | 2000 | 11040430 |
| melioidosis research in china. | research on melioidosis and its pathogen has been ongoing in china for more than two decades. it has been demonstrated that the natural foci are located predominantly in hainan, guangdong and guangxi province, where there is a good correlation between soil isolation and the serum prevalence of antibodies to burkholderia pseudomallei. the cases of melioidosis reported up to now are concentrated in the hainan and zhanjiang peninsula. investigations on serotype, virulence, ecology, antibiotic susce ... | 2000 | 11080506 |
| recovery of burkholderia pseudomallei and b. cepacia from drinking water. | samples of drinking water were examined in order to evaluate the occurrence of two gram-negative bacteria: burkholderia pseudomallei and b. cepacia. a total of 85 samples were collected from public and private buildings in the province of bologna (italy). other bacteriological indicators (heterotrophic plate count at 22 and 36 degrees c) were also examined, together with physical and chemical parameters (temperature, ph, residual chlorine, total hardness and chemical oxygen demand (cod)). high l ... | 2000 | 10946840 |
| fulminant septic melioidosis after a vacation in thailand. | severe infection with burkholderia pseudomallei (formerly pseudomonas pseudomallei), the bacterium causing melioidosis, is a common cause of acquired septicaemia in south-east asia and northern australia. a few cases of infected travellers returning to european countries have been reported. melioidosis is a tropical disease, the clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic infection to fulminant sepsis. predisposing conditions such as impaired cellular immunity, preexisting renal failure or d ... | 2000 | 11244616 |
| interaction of insulin with burkholderia pseudomallei may be caused by a preservative. | to re-examine the previously reported in vitro interaction of insulin with burkholderia pseudomallei, in the light of a suggestion that the interaction may have resulted from the presence of the preservative m-cresol in commercial preparations. | 2000 | 10767836 |
| isolations of enteric pathogens from synanthropic flies trapped in downtown kuala lumpur. | four species of synanthropic flies were trapped in downtown kuala lumpur: chrysomya megacephala, chrysomya rufifacies, musca domestica, and musca sorbens. burkholderia pseudomallei, the organism causing melioidosis, was the dominant bacteria isolated from chrysomya megacephala. klebsiella oxytoca, commonly associated with nosocomial infections, was commonly isolated from chrysomya megacephala, musca domestica, and musca sorbens. aeromonas hydrophila, the bacteria causing gastroenteritis, was pre ... | 2000 | 10925800 |
| [various genetic and molecular and biologic aspects of the melioidosis causative organism]. | 2000 | 10702990 | |
| melioidosis presenting as urinary tract infection in a previously healthy tourist. | melioidosis is a tropical disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, which is common in southeast asia and australia, but which is rarely diagnosed in scandinavia. an increasing number of cases are being reported among tourists to infected areas. we report the first finnish case of melioidosis, which presented as urinary tract infection in a previously healthy male tourist. | 2000 | 10716086 |
| differential antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in severe melioidosis. | severe melioidosis is a life-threatening, systemic bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. a prospective, randomized treatment trial was conducted in northeast thailand to compare ceftazidime (a penicillin-binding protein [pbp]-3-specific agent that causes release of large amounts of endotoxin in vitro) and imipenem (a pbp-2-specific agent that kills b. pseudomallei more rapidly but releases low amounts of endotoxin) in severe melioidosis over a 6-h time course after the first d ... | 2000 | 10720525 |
| neck lumps: expect the unexpected. | 2000 | 10744094 | |
| the cxc chemokines gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-inducible protein 10 and monokine induced by ifn-gamma are released during severe melioidosis. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma)-inducible protein 10 (ip-10) and monokine induced by ifn-gamma (mig) are related cxc chemokines which bind to the cxcr3 receptor and specifically target activated t lymphocytes and natural killer (nk) cells. the production of ip-10 and mig by various cell types in vitro is strongly dependent on ifn-gamma. to determine whether ip-10 and mig are released during bacterial infection in humans, we measured plasma levels of ip-10 and mig in patients with melioidosis, a sev ... | 2000 | 10858199 |
| an unusual cause of pneumonia. | 2000 | 10863811 | |
| isolation of bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum and their effects on algae toxicity. | attempts were made to isolate the bacteria from toxic dinoflagellate alexandrium minutum t1 and to study the effect of these bacteria on the growth and toxicity of a. minutum t1. it was found that intracellular bacterial species including pasteurella haemolytica, pseudomonas vesicularis, and sphingomonas sp., and extracellular bacterial species including pasteurolla pneumotropica, morganella wisconsensis, flavobacterium oryzihabitans, pseudomonas pseudomallei, and sphingomonas sp. all of them we ... | 2000 | 11126517 |
| [mobilization of a cryptic plasmid from the melioidosis pathogen in heterologous species of microorganisms]. | cryptic plasmids with different molecular weights have been detected in b. pseudomallei strains. mobilization of b. pseudomallei plasmid dna in heterologous b. mallei species was performed by the conjugate plasmid rp1::tn10. possibility of detecting phenotypical characteristics of plasmids and behavior of b. pseudomallei non-chromosomal replicons in b. mallei have been determined. | 2000 | 10876767 |
| group b streptococcal meningitis in adults: recent increase in southeast asia. | meningitis caused by streptococcus agalactiae (group b streptococcus) is rare in adults and usually affects patients with predisposing conditions. | 2000 | 10985511 |
| comparison between the antimicrobial susceptibility of burkholderia pseudomallei to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by standard disk diffusion method and by minimal inhibitory concentration determination. | melioidosis, an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, usually occurs in immunocompromised patients and requires prolonged antibiotic therapy. previously, oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tm/sm), an inexpensive and effective drug has been used as a maintenance therapy. the susceptibility of b. pseudomallei to tm/sm by the standard disk diffusion method is very low. however, some patients who were treated with tm/sm as a maintenance therapy despite the in vitro resistance showed good c ... | 2000 | 10998837 |
| protease production by burkholderia pseudomallei and virulence in mice. | the aim of this study was to assess protease production and virulence of various burkholderia pseudomallei strains. protease activity was evaluated in filtrates from cultures grown for 50 h in tsb dialysate by azocasein hydrolysis, and expressed as absorbancy at 405 nm. virulence was assessed in 8 weeks old swiss mice, by intraperitoneal injection of 6-6 x 10(5) cfu, and the ld50 was calculated after 30 days by the method of reed and muench. the lethal activity was studied for five strains of b. ... | 2000 | 10674652 |
| shedding of lipopolysaccharide and 200-kda surface antigen during the in vitro growth of virulent ara- and avirulent ara+ burkholderia pseudomallei. | non-virulent ara+ b. pseudomallei environmental isolates differ from virulent ara- clinical isolates by their ability to assimilate l-arabinose and the absence of a 200 kda antigen on their surface. the latter, present only on the ara- isolates from either clinical or environmental origin, was recently demonstrated by its immunoreactivity with monoclonal antibody (mab) 5f8. we recently demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (lps) from both biotypes were indistinguishable from one another with rega ... | 2000 | 10674653 |
| histopathologic features of burkholderia cepacia pneumonia in patients without cystic fibrosis. | we present the histopathologic features of fatal burkholderia cepacia pneumonia in three adults (one man [age 44 years] and two women [aged 40 and 43 years]). in all patients, the pulmonary infiltrates initially were localized (right middle lobe, left upper lobe, and right middle lobe) but rapidly progressed. two open-lung biopsies and one pneumonectomy specimen showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation merging with areas of more conventional necrotizing bronchopneumonia in one patient, a me ... | 2000 | 10786801 |
| diagnostic and prognostic value of an immunofluorescent assay for melioidosis. | melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic in southeast asia. the clinical manifestations range from wound infections to acute septicemia. in some cases, recurrence can also occur following complete recovery. case fatality rates are high and a major factor is the delay in the culture and identification of the bacterium. an immunofluorescent assay (ifat) using whole-cell antigen for the detection of total antibodies to b. pseudomallei was tested with 650 sera. using a cut-off valu ... | 2000 | 10813488 |