| caspase-6 mediates resistance against burkholderia pseudomallei infection and influences the expression of detrimental cytokines. | caspase-6 is a member of the executioner caspases and known to play a role in innate and adaptive immune processes. however, its role in infectious diseases has rarely been addressed yet. we here examined the impact of caspase-6 in an in vivo infection model using the gram-negative rod burkholderia pseudomallei, causing the infectious disease melioidosis that is endemic in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. caspase-6-/- and c57bl/6 wild type mice were challenged with b. pseudomalle ... | 2017 | 28686630 |
| gastrointestinal tract involvement in melioidosis. | little is known about the involvement of the human gut in carriage and disease associated with burkholderia pseudomallei, the cause of melioidosis. | 2017 | 28673019 |
| biochemical characterization and structural basis of reactivity and regioselectivity differences between burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia glumae 1,6-didesmethyltoxoflavin n-methyltransferase. | burkholderia glumae converts the guanine base of guanosine triphosphate into an azapteridine and methylates both the pyrimidine and triazine rings to make toxoflavin. strains of burkholderia thailandensis and burkholderia pseudomallei have a gene cluster encoding seven putative biosynthetic enzymes that resembles the toxoflavin gene cluster. four of the enzymes are similar in sequence to bgtoxbcde, which have been proposed to make 1,6-didesmethyltoxoflavin (1,6-ddmt). one of the remaining enzyme ... | 2017 | 28665591 |
| type iii secretion in the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease of both humans and animals. melioidosis is an emerging disease which is predicted to be vastly under-reported. type iii secretion systems (t3sss) are critical virulence factors in gram negative pathogens of plants and animals. the genome of b. pseudomallei encodes three t3sss. t3ss-1 and -2, of which little is known, are homologous to hrp2 secretion systems of the plant pa ... | 2017 | 28664152 |
| genome-scale analysis of the genes that contribute to burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation identifies a crucial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis gene cluster. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is an important public health threat due to limited therapeutic options for treatment. efforts to improve therapeutics for b. pseudomallei infections are dependent on the need to understand the role of b. pseudomallei biofilm formation and its contribution to antibiotic tolerance and persistence as these are bacterial traits that prevent effective therapy. in order to reveal the genes that regulate and/or contribute to b. pseudomalle ... | 2017 | 28658258 |
| [homology analysis and historical tracing for inter-continental burkholderia pseudomallei strains of sequence type 562]. | objective: to understand the homology of sequence type 562 (st562) strains of burkholderia pseudomallei which circulated in two separate continents (asia and australia) at different times. methods:speⅰrestriction fragments and 4-locus multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (mlva-4) profiles were extracted from mshr5858 (st562 australia strain) and 350105 (st562 historical strain of hainan) genomes respectively by in silico analysis and then compared with the pfge and mlva-4 result ... | 2017 | 28651407 |
| effects of sodium chloride on heat resistance, oxidative susceptibility, motility, biofilm and plaque formation of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is an environmental saprophyte and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infectious disease prevalent in tropical areas, including southeast asia and northern australia. in thailand, the highest incidence of melioidosis is in the northeast region, where saline soil and water are abundant. we hypothesized that b. pseudomallei develops an ability to thrive in saline conditions and gains a selective ecological advantage over other soil-dwelling microorganisms. howev ... | 2017 | 28643413 |
| rapid filter-based detection and culture of burkholderia pseudomallei from small volumes of urine. | clinical outcomes of melioidosis patients improve when the infecting agent, burkholderia pseudomallei, is rapidly detected and identified by laboratory testing. detection of b. pseudomallei dna or recovery of the pathogen by culture from urine can support a diagnosis of melioidosis and guide patient care. two new methods, designated filter-capture dna isolation (fcdi) and filter cellular recovery (fcr), were developed to increase the sensitivity of detection and recovery of viable b. pseudomalle ... | 2017 | 28637908 |
| host gene expression analysis in sri lankan melioidosis patients. | melioidosis is a life threatening infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei predominantly found in southeast asia and northern australia. studying the host transcription profiles in response to infection is crucial for understanding disease pathogenesis and correlates of disease severity, which may help improve therapeutic intervention and survival. the aim of this study was to analyze gene expression levels of human host factors in melioidosis patients an ... | 2017 | 28628607 |
| phylogeography of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates, western hemisphere. | the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, which is mainly associated with tropical areas. we analyzed single-nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) among genome sequences from isolates of b. pseudomallei that originated in the western hemisphere by comparing them with genome sequences of isolates that originated in the eastern hemisphere. analysis indicated that isolates from the western hemisphere form a distinct clade, which supports the hypothesis that these isolates were derived f ... | 2017 | 28628442 |
| pediatric melioidosis in sarawak, malaysia: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics. | melioidosis is a serious, and potentially fatal community-acquired infection endemic to northern australia and southeast asia, including sarawak, malaysia. the disease, caused by the usually intrinsically aminoglycoside-resistant burkholderia pseudomallei, most commonly affects adults with predisposing risk factors. there are limited data on pediatric melioidosis in sarawak. | 2017 | 28599008 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei in a lowland rice paddy: seasonal changes and influence of soil depth and physico-chemical properties. | melioidosis, a severe infection with the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is being recognised increasingly frequently. what determines its uneven distribution within endemic areas is poorly understood. we cultured soil from a rice field in laos for b. pseudomallei at different depths on 4 occasions over a 13-month period. we also measured physical and chemical parameters in order to identify associated characteristics. overall, 195 of 653 samples (29.7%) yielded b. pseudomallei ... | 2017 | 28596557 |
| an avirulent burkholderia pseudomallei ∆purm strain with atypical type b lps: expansion of the toolkit for biosafe studies of melioidosis. | the work was undertaken to expand the tools available for researching burkholderia pseudomallei (bp), the etiological agent of the tropical disease melioidosis. melioidosis has the potential to pose a severe threat to public health and safety. in the united states, bp is listed as a tier-1 select agent by the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc), thus requiring high levels of regulation and biosafety level 3 (bsl3) facilities for experimental manipulation of live organisms. an avirul ... | 2017 | 28592242 |
| hydrological connectivity and burkholderia pseudomallei prevalence in wetland environments: investigating rice-farming community's risk of exposure to melioidosis in north-east thailand. | in our analysis of 136 water samples from wetland environments (rice paddies, natural wetland sites, man-made water bodies) in rural areas of north-east thailand, burkholderia pseudomallei was most prevalent in rice paddies (15 of the 30 positive sites). the high prevalence in the water of rice fields is indicative of the inherent vulnerability of farmers in rural agricultural areas in this area of thailand and likely other locations in the tropics. nearly all b. pseudomallei-positive sites were ... | 2017 | 28536911 |
| improved detection of burkholderia pseudomallei from non-blood clinical specimens using enrichment culture and pcr: narrowing diagnostic gap in resource-constrained settings. | to evaluate the diagnostic utility of enrichment culture and pcr for improved case detection rates of non-bacteraemic form of melioidosis in limited resource settings. | 2017 | 28510994 |
| are brucellosis, q fever and melioidosis potential causes of febrile illness in madagascar? | brucellosis, q fever and melioidosis are zoonoses, which can lead to pyrexia. these diseases are often under-ascertained and underreported because of their unspecific clinical signs and symptoms, insufficient awareness by physicians and public health officers and limited diagnostic capabilities, especially in low-resource countries. therefore, the presence of brucella spp., coxiella burnetii and burkholderia pseudomallei was investigated in malagasy patients exhibiting febrile illness. in additi ... | 2017 | 28502643 |
| melioidosis: clinical impact and public health threat in the tropics. | this review briefly summarizes the geographical distribution and clinical impact of melioidosis, especially in the tropics. burkholderia pseudomallei (a gram-negative bacterium) is the major causative agent for melioidosis, which is prevalent in singapore, malaysia, thailand, vietnam, and northern australia. melioidosis patients are increasingly being recognized in other parts of the world. the bacteria are intrinsically resistant to many antimicrobial agents, but prolonged treatment, especially ... | 2017 | 28493905 |
| dna vaccination resurfaces in the struggle against melioidosis. | | 2017 | 28481716 |
| a nonsense mutation in tlr5 is associated with survival and reduced il-10 and tnf-α levels in human melioidosis. | melioidosis, caused by the flagellated bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a life-threatening and increasingly recognized emerging disease. toll-like receptor (tlr) 5 is a germline-encoded pattern recognition receptor to bacterial flagellin. we evaluated the association of a nonsense tlr5 genetic variant that truncates the receptor with clinical outcomes and with immune responses in melioidosis. | 2017 | 28475641 |
| melioidosis with portal vein thrombosis. | melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common infectious disease in tropical regions. the author reports a case of melioidosis with a rare manifestation of portal vein thrombosis and cavernous transformation of the portal vein. melioidosis should be considered a differential diagnosis in patients with underlying risk factors who present with multiple liver abscesses; moreover, portal vein thrombosis can be a potential complication. computed tomography is the modality of choice to ... | 2017 | 28473933 |
| functional characterisation of burkholderia pseudomallei biotin protein ligase: a toolkit for anti-melioidosis drug development. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of melioidosis. the bacterium is responsible for 20% of community-acquired sepsis cases and 40% of sepsis-related mortalities in northeast thailand, and is intrinsically resistant to aminoglycosides, macrolides, rifamycins, cephalosporins, and nonureidopenicillins. there is no vaccine and its diagnosis is problematic. biotin protein ligase (bira) which is essential for fatty acid synthesis has been proposed as a drug target in bacteria. very ... | 2017 | 28454708 |
| structural diversity of burkholderia pseudomallei lipopolysaccharides affects innate immune signaling. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes the disease melioidosis. the main cause of mortality in this disease is septic shock triggered by the host responding to lipopolysaccharide (lps) components of the gram-negative outer membrane. bp lps is thought to be a weak inducer of the host immune system. lps from several strains of bp were purified and their ability to induce the inflammatory mediators tnf-α and inos in murine macrophages at low concentrations was investigated. innate and adaptive immun ... | 2017 | 28453531 |
| central nervous system melioidosis in the pediatric age group: review. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. neurologic involvement in pediatric age group is very rare, and only a handful of cases have been reported in literature. we sought to provide a systematic review of pediatric neurologic melioidosis. | 2017 | 28451778 |
| demonstrating the protective efficacy of the novel fluoroquinolone finafloxacin against an inhalational exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious disease endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. antibiotic treatment is lengthy and relapse often occurs. finafloxacin is a novel fluoroquinolone with increased antibacterial activity in acidic conditions in contrast to other fluoroquinolones which demonstrate reduced activity at a lower ph. therefore, finafloxacin may have improved efficacy against b. pseudomallei, which can survive within host cells where the ... | 2017 | 28438936 |
| gene expression profile of human cytokines in response to burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | melioidosis is an underreported infectious disease, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. understanding the disease susceptibility and pathogenesis is crucial for developing newer diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for this life-threatening infection. in this study, we aimed to analyze the gene expression levels of important cytokines in melioidosis patients and establish useful correlates with disease biomarkers compared to cases of sepsis infection caused by other ... | 2017 | 28435890 |
| the gut microbiota as a modulator of innate immunity during melioidosis. | melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is an emerging cause of pneumonia-derived sepsis in the tropics. the gut microbiota supports local mucosal immunity and is increasingly recognized as a protective mediator in host defenses against systemic infection. here, we aimed to characterize the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota during experimental melioidosis. | 2017 | 28422970 |
| increased neurotropic threat from burkholderia pseudomallei strains with a b. mallei-like variation in the bima motility gene, australia. | neurologic melioidosis is a serious, potentially fatal form of burkholderia pseudomallei infection. recently, we reported that a subset of clinical isolates of b. pseudomallei from australia have heightened virulence and potential for dissemination to the central nervous system. in this study, we demonstrate that this subset has a b. mallei-like sequence variation of the actin-based motility gene, bima. compared with b. pseudomallei isolates having typical bima alleles, isolates that contain the ... | 2017 | 28418830 |
| acute bacteremic pneumonia due to melioidosis developing in the intensive care setting. | in malaysia, melioidosis is commonly encountered as this infection is known as part of the endemic area for the disease. managing cases of positive burkholderia pseudomallei infection can involve multidisciplinary unit mainly, microbiologist, infectious disease team and intensive care as it may be quite difficult to distinguish melioidosis from a number of other diseases on the clinical setting alone. laboratory diagnosis plays a vital role in determining the direction of management. investigati ... | 2017 | 28417070 |
| comparing in vitro and in vivo virulence phenotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei type g strains. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bpm) is a saprophytic rod-shaped gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. this disease has previously been described as endemic in areas such as northern australia and southeast asia, but, more recently, a better understanding of the epidemiology of melioidosis indicated that the disease is distributed worldwide, including regions of the americas and africa. a 16s-23s rdna internal transcribed spacer (its) typing system has been developed for bpm ... | 2017 | 28414823 |
| accidental occupational exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei in south korea did not result in melioidosis. | | 2017 | 28414016 |
| antibiotic resistance markers in burkholderia pseudomallei strain bp1651 identified by genome sequence analysis. | burkholderia pseudomallei bp1651 is resistant to several classes of antibiotics that are usually effective for treatment of melioidosis, including tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and β-lactams such as penicillins (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), cephalosporins (ceftazidime), and carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem). we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the bp1651 genome and analyzed the sequence using comparative genomic analyses with susceptible strains, keyword searches of the annotation, publicl ... | 2017 | 28396541 |