| natural infection of burkholderia pseudomallei in an imported pigtail macaque (macaca nemestrina) and management of the exposed colony. | identification of the select agent burkholderia pseudomallei in macaques imported into the united states is rare. a purpose-bred, 4.5-y-old pigtail macaque (macaca nemestrina) imported from southeast asia was received from a commercial vendor at our facility in march 2012. after the initial acclimation period of 5 to 7 d, physical examination of the macaque revealed a subcutaneous abscess that surrounded the right stifle joint. the wound was treated and resolved over 3 mo. in august 2012, 2 mo a ... | 2013 | 24326230 |
| survey of innate immune responses to burkholderia pseudomallei in human blood identifies a central role for lipopolysaccharide. | b. pseudomallei is a gram-negative bacterium that causes the tropical infection melioidosis. in northeast thailand, mortality from melioidosis approaches 40%. as exemplified by the lipopolysaccharide-toll-like receptor 4 interaction, innate immune responses to invading bacteria are precipitated by activation of host pathogen recognition receptors by pathogen associated molecular patterns. human melioidosis is characterized by up-regulation of pathogen recognition receptors and pro-inflammatory c ... | 2013 | 24303060 |
| the role of nod2 in murine and human melioidosis. | nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (nod2) is a cytosolic pathogen recognition receptor that regulates susceptibility to a variety of infections and chronic diseases. burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular bacterium, causes the tropical infection melioidosis. we hypothesized that nod2 may participate in host defense in melioidosis. we performed a series of in vitro assays and in vivo experiments and analyzed the association of human genetic variation with infection to del ... | 2014 | 24298015 |
| glibenclamide reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production by neutrophils of diabetes patients in response to bacterial infection. | type 2 diabetes mellitus is a major risk factor for melioidosis, which is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. our previous study has shown that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) from diabetic subjects exhibited decreased functions in response to b. pseudomallei. here we investigated the mechanisms regulating cytokine secretion of pmns from diabetic patients which might contribute to patient susceptibility to bacterial infections. purified pmns from diabetic patients who had been treated with ... | 2013 | 24285369 |
| screen of whole blood responses to flagellin identifies tlr5 variation associated with outcome in melioidosis. | melioidosis is a severe infection caused by the flagellated bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. the nonsense polymorphism tlr51174c>t is associated with improved outcome in thais with melioidosis. we hypothesized that other tlr5 variants may modulate the host response and determine outcome in melioidosis. we genotyped 12 tlr5 variants selected de novo from the hapmap database and examined the association of each with cytokines induced by flagellin stimulation of whole blood from healthy thai su ... | 2014 | 24285178 |
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus doxycycline as oral eradicative treatment for melioidosis (merth): a multicentre, double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. | melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei, is difficult to cure. antimicrobial treatment comprises intravenous drugs for at least 10 days, followed by oral drugs for at least 12 weeks. the standard oral regimen based on trial evidence is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaxole (tmp-smx) plus doxycycline. this regimen is used in thailand but is associated with side-effects and poor adherence by patients, and tmp-smx alone is recommended in australia. ... | 2014 | 24284287 |
| influence of the molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis on anaerobic respiration, biofilm formation and motility in burkholderia thailandensis. | burkholderia thailandensis is closely related to burkholderia pseudomallei, a bacterial pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis. b. pseudomallei can survive and persist within a hypoxic environment for up to one year and has been shown to grow anaerobically in the presence of nitrate. currently, little is known about the role of anaerobic respiration in pathogenesis of melioidosis. using b. thailandensis as a model, a library of 1344 transposon mutants was created to identify genes requi ... | 2014 | 24239959 |
| identification of a predicted trimeric autotransporter adhesin required for biofilm formation of burkholderia pseudomallei. | the autotransporters are a large and diverse family of bacterial secreted and outer membrane proteins, which are present in many gram-negative bacterial pathogens and play a role in numerous environmental and virulence-associated interactions. as part of a larger systematic study on the autotransporters of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of the severe tropical disease melioidosis, we have constructed an insertion mutant in the bpss1439 gene encoding an unstudied predicted trimeric ... | 2013 | 24223950 |
| evaluation of aromatic plants and compounds used to fight multidrug resistant infections. | traditional medicine plays a vital role for primary health care in india, where it is widely practiced to treat various ailments. among those obtained from the healers, 78 medicinal plants were scientifically evaluated for antibacterial activity. methanol extract of plants (100 μ g of residue) was tested against the multidrug resistant (mdr) gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. forty-seven plants showed strong activity against burkholderia pseudomallei (strain tes and khw) and staphylococc ... | 2013 | 24223059 |
| cervical abscesses due to co-infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, salmonella enterica serovar stanley and mycobacterium tuberculosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus. | infections due to mycobacterium tuberculosis, burkholderia pseudomallei and non-typhoidal salmonella cause significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. these intracellular pathogens share some common predisposing factors and clinical features. co-infection with two of these organisms has been reported previously but, to our knowledge, this is the first time that infection with all three has been reported in one person. | 2013 | 24209898 |
| sequence determination of burkholderia pseudomallei strain nctc 13392 colony morphology variants. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a biothreat and the causative agent of melioidosis. there are at least seven known colony morphotypes of b. pseudomallei that appear to have different virulence properties in animal models. we report the genome sequence of b. pseudomallei strain nctc 13392 and the genomic variations of its eight morphotype derivatives. | 2013 | 24201202 |
| the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of malaysian isolates of burkholderia pseudomallei. | acute melioidosis may present as localised or septicaemic infections and can be fatal if left untreated. burkholderia pseudomallei resistant to antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis had been reported. the aim of this study was to determine the in vitro antibiotic susceptibility patterns of burkholderia pseudomallei isolated in malaysia to a panel of antibiotics used for the treatment of melioidosis and also to potential alternative antibiotics such as tigecycline, ampicillin/sulbacta ... | 2013 | 24194761 |
| sequence-defined transposon mutant library of burkholderia thailandensis. | we constructed a near-saturation transposon mutant library for burkholderia thailandensis, a low-virulence surrogate for the causative agent of melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei). a primary set of nearly 42,000 unique mutants (~7.5 mutants/gene) was generated using transposon tn5 derivatives. the strains carry insertions in 87% of the predicted protein-coding genes of the organism, corresponding to nearly all of those nonessential for growth on nutrient agar. to achieve high genome coverage ... | 2013 | 24194535 |
| colonial morphotypes and biofilm forming ability of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei the causative agent of melioidosis, is being increasingly recognized as an important cause of morbidity and mortality in south east asia. biofilm formation of b. pseudomallei may be responsible for dormancy, latency and relapse of melioidosis. based on the colonial morphology of the bacteria on b. pseudomallei selective agar medium, seven distinct morphotypes were identified. this study was conducted to assess the in vitro biofilm produced by b. pseudomallei and to inve ... | 2013 | 24189672 |
| in situ hybridization to detect and identify burkholderia pseudomallei in human melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes a potentially fatal infection called melioidosis. we have developed a nonfluorescent, colorimetric in situ hybridization assay using a specific probe to target 16s rrna of b. pseudomallei in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded infected tissues for diagnostic purposes and to study infectious disease pathology. a 63-base pair dna probe was synthesized and labeled with digoxigenin by pcr. probe specificity was confirmed by blast analysis and by testing on appropriate ... | 2014 | 24186135 |
| cytidine derivatives as ispf inhibitors of burkolderia pseudomallei. | published biological data suggest that the methyl erythritol phosphate (mep) pathway, a non-mevalonate isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway, is essential for certain bacteria and other infectious disease organisms. one highly conserved enzyme in the mep pathway is 2c-methyl-d-erythritol 2,4-cyclodiphosphate synthase (ispf). fragment-bound complexes of ispf from burkholderia pseudomallei were used to design and synthesize a series of molecules linking the cytidine moiety to different zinc pocket fragm ... | 2013 | 24157367 |
| glyburide reduces bacterial dissemination in a mouse model of melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei infection (melioidosis) is an important cause of community-acquired gram-negative sepsis in northeast thailand, where it is associated with a ~40% mortality rate despite antimicrobial chemotherapy. we showed in a previous cohort study that patients taking glyburide ( = glibenclamide) prior to admission have lower mortality and attenuated inflammatory responses compared to patients not taking glyburide. we sought to define the mechanism underlying this observation in a m ... | 2013 | 24147174 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from sarawak, malaysian borneo, are predominantly susceptible to aminoglycosides and macrolides. | melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease caused by the saprophytic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. resistance to gentamicin is generally a hallmark of b. pseudomallei, and gentamicin is a selective agent in media used for diagnosis of melioidosis. in this study, we determined the prevalence and mechanism of gentamicin susceptibility found in b. pseudomallei isolates from sarawak, malaysian borneo. we performed multilocus sequence typing and antibiotic susceptibility testing on 44 b. pseud ... | 2014 | 24145517 |
| case of paraspinal collection due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2013 | 24132451 |
| pathological findings and diagnostic implications of a rhesus macaque (macaca mulatta) model of aerosol-exposure melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei). | aerosolized burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, can infect many species of mammals (including humans), causing rapid, severe pneumonia with high mortality. diagnosis in humans is challenging, as few organisms can be detected in blood or other non-invasive samples. although it cannot be said that the model is established, studies to date indicate that rhesus macaques may represent a good model of human melioidosis. this is supported by the results of this study. the ear ... | 2014 | 24105842 |
| correlates of immune protection following cutaneous immunization with an attenuated burkholderia pseudomallei vaccine. | infections with the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) are associated with high mortality, and there is currently no approved vaccine to prevent the development of melioidosis in humans. infected patients also do not develop protective immunity to reinfection, and some individuals will develop chronic, subclinical infections with b. pseudomallei. at present, our understanding of what constitutes effective protective immunity against b. pseudomallei infection remains ... | 2013 | 24101688 |
| the condition-dependent transcriptional landscape of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp), the causative agent of the often-deadly infectious disease melioidosis, contains one of the largest prokaryotic genomes sequenced to date, at 7.2 mb with two large circular chromosomes (1 and 2). to comprehensively delineate the bp transcriptome, we integrated whole-genome tiling array expression data of bp exposed to >80 diverse physical, chemical, and biological conditions. our results provide direct experimental support for the strand-specific expression of 5,4 ... | 2013 | 24068961 |
| a rare cause of septic arthritis: melioidosis. | melioidosis is a pyogenic infection with high mortality caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. as the clinical presentation is not distinctive, a high index of clinical suspicion is required for diagnosis. we present a case of a 50-year-old farmer who was diabetic and a chronic alcoholic, who presented to us with pneumonia, followed by septic arthritis. he was ultimately diagnosed as having melioidosis. | 2013 | 24067292 |
| less is more: burkholderia pseudomallei and chronic melioidosis. | the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a serious infectious disease of humans and animals. once considered an esoteric tropical disease confined to southeast asia and northern australia, research on b. pseudomallei has recently gained global prominence due to its classification as a potential bioterrorism agent by countries such as the united states and also by increasing numbers of case reports from regions where it is not endemic. an enviro ... | 2013 | 24065633 |
| an improved selective culture medium enhances the isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from contaminated specimens. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative environmental bacterium found in tropical climates that causes melioidosis. culture remains the diagnostic gold standard, but isolation of b. pseudomallei from heavily contaminated sites, such as fecal specimens, can be difficult. we recently reported that b. pseudomallei is capable of infecting the gastrointestinal tract of mice and suggested that the same may be true in humans. thus, there is a strong need for new culture techniques to allow for eff ... | 2013 | 24062483 |
| prevalence of melioidosis in patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis and sputum smear negative for acid-fast bacilli in northeast thailand. | the clinical and radiological features of pulmonary melioidosis can mimic tuberculosis. we prospectively evaluated 118 patients with suspected pulmonary tuberculosis who were acid-fast bacilli (afb) smear negative at udon thani hospital, northeast thailand. culture of residual sputum from afb testing was positive for burkholderia pseudomallei in three patients (2.5%; 95% confidence interval [ci] 0.5-7.3%). we propose that in melioidosis-endemic areas, residual sputum from afb testing should be r ... | 2013 | 24062474 |
| spectroscopic and kinetic investigation of the reactions of peroxyacetic acid with burkholderia pseudomallei catalase-peroxidase, katg. | catalase-peroxidases or katgs can utilize organic peroxyacids and peroxides instead of hydrogen peroxide to generate the high-valent ferryl-oxo intermediates involved in the catalase and peroxidase reactions. in the absence of peroxidatic one-electron donors, the ferryl intermediates generated with a low excess (10-fold) of peroxyacetic acid (paa) slowly decay to the ferric resting state after several minutes, a reaction that is demonstrated in this work by both stopped-flow uv-vis absorption me ... | 2013 | 24044787 |
| improved diagnosis of melioidosis using a 2-dimensional immunoarray. | melioidosis is caused by the gram negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. the gold standard for diagnosis is culture, which requires at least 3-4 days obtaining a result, hindering successful treatment of acute disease. the existing indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) has several disadvantages, in that approximately half of patients later confirmed culture positive are not diagnosed at presentation and a subset of patients are persistently seronegative. we have developed 2 serological a ... | 2013 | 24041552 |
| a case report of melioidosis in a diabetic patient in a union territory. | melioidosis is an emerging disease in india. cases have also been reported from south east asia, australia and japan. major risk factors for melioidosis are diabetes mellitus, preexisting renal disease and thalassemia. exposure to contaminated soil and water are also significant occupational hazards associated with the disease. a patient with diabetes of six years duration on regular medication presented with fever, generalised myalgia and headache for a week. blood and bone marrow culture yield ... | 2013 | 24039633 |
| in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, doxycycline, ceftazidime, imipenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against biofilm of brazilian strains of burkholderia pseudomallei. | this study aimed at investigating the in vitro activities of amoxicillin-clavulanate, doxycycline, ceftazidime, imipenem, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole against burkholderia pseudomallei in planktonic and biofilm forms, through broth microdilution and resazurin-based viability staining, respectively. in planktonic growth, the strains were susceptible to the drugs, while in biofilm growth, significantly higher antimicrobial concentrations were required, especially for ceftazidime and imipenem, ... | 2013 | 24002089 |
| exploiting the burkholderia pseudomallei acute phase antigen bpsl2765 for structure-based epitope discovery/design in structural vaccinology. | we solved the crystal structure of burkholderia pseudomallei acute phase antigen bpsl2765 in the context of a structural vaccinology study, in the area of melioidosis vaccine development. based on the structure, we applied a recently developed method for epitope design that combines computational epitope predictions with in vitro mapping experiments and successfully identified a consensus sequence within the antigen that, when engineered as a synthetic peptide, was selectively immunorecognized t ... | 2013 | 23993463 |
| in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical and environmental strains of burkholderia pseudomallei from brazil. | | 2013 | 23993065 |
| endogenous α2-antiplasmin is protective during severe gram-negative sepsis (melioidosis). | α2-antiplasmin (a2ap) is a major inhibitor of fibrinolysis by virtue of its capacity to inhibit plasmin. although the fibrinolytic system is strongly affected by infection, the functional role of a2ap in the host response to sepsis is unknown. | 2013 | 23992406 |
| x-box binding protein 1 (xbp1s) is a critical determinant of pseudomonas aeruginosa homoserine lactone-mediated apoptosis. | pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are associated with high mortality rates and occur in diverse conditions including pneumonias, cystic fibrosis and neutropenia. quorum sensing, mediated by small molecules including n-(3-oxo-dodecanoyl) homoserine lactone (c12), regulates p. aeruginosa growth and virulence. in addition, host cell recognition of c12 initiates multiple signalling responses including cell death. to gain insight into mechanisms of c12-mediated cytotoxicity, we studied the role of en ... | 2013 | 23990788 |
| comparative assessment of the intracellular survival of the burkholderia pseudomallei bopc mutant. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative saprophytic bacterium capable of surviving within phagocytic cells. to assess the role of bopc (a type iii secreted effector protein) in the pathogenesis of b. pseudomallei, a b. pseudomallei bopc mutant was used to infect j774a.1 macrophage-like cells. the bopc mutant showed significantly reduced intracellular survival in infected macrophages compared to wild-type b. pseudomallei. in addition, the bopc mutant disp ... | 2013 | 23990305 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei suppresses caenorhabditis elegans immunity by specific degradation of a gata transcription factor. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative soil bacterium that infects both humans and animals. although cell culture studies have revealed significant insights into factors contributing to virulence and host defense, the interactions between this pathogen and its intact host remain to be elucidated. to gain insights into the host defense responses to b. pseudomallei infection within an intact host, we analyzed the genome-wide transcriptome of infected caenorhabditis elegans and identified ∼6% ... | 2013 | 23980181 |
| in vitro activity of tebipenem against burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2013 | 23978354 |
| pcr-based methodologies used to detect and differentiate the burkholderia pseudomallei complex: b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis. | methods for the rapid detection and differentiation of the burkholderia pseudomallei complex comprising b. pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis, have been the topic of recent research due to the high degree of phenotypic and genotypic similarities of these species. b. pseudomallei and b. mallei are recognized by the cdc as tier 1 select agents. the high mortality rates of glanders and melioidosis, their potential use as bioweapons, and their low infectious dose, necessitate the need for ... | 2014 | 23969318 |
| complete genome sequence of the encephalomyelitic burkholderia pseudomallei strain mshr305. | we describe the complete genome sequence of burkholderia pseudomallei mshr305, a clinical isolate taken from a fatal encephalomyelitis case, a rare form of melioidosis. this sequence will be used for comparisons to identify the genes that are involved in neurological cases. | 2013 | 23969058 |
| melioidosis presenting as pseudomyxoma peritonei: yet another pretense of the great mimicker: an unreported entity. | melioidosis, a lethal infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, an important human pathogen in tropical regions, is notorious for its diverse clinical presentations. | 2013 | 23965152 |
| sinonasal melioidosis in a returned traveller presenting with nasal cellulitis and sinusitis. | we illustrate a case involving a 51-year-old man who presented to a tertiary hospital with sepsis secondary to an abscess of the nasal vestibule and pustular eruptions of the nasal mucosa. associated cellulitis extended across the face to the eye, and mucosal thickening of the sinuses was seen on computed tomography. the patient underwent incision and drainage and endoscopic sinus surgery. blood cultures and swabs were positive for a gram-negative bacillus, burkholderia pseudomallei. he had mult ... | 2013 | 23936707 |
| overexpression of activated protein c is detrimental during severe experimental gram-negative sepsis (melioidosis). | the interplay between inflammation and blood coagulation is an essential part of host defense during severe pneumosepsis. melioidosis, instigated by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a frequent cause of pneumosepsis in southeast asia. patients with severe pneumosepsis, including melioidosis, have decreased circulating levels of protein c. activated protein c has anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. in this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of sustained ... | 2013 | 23887233 |
| within-host evolution of burkholderia pseudomallei over a twelve-year chronic carriage infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes the potentially fatal disease melioidosis. it is generally accepted that b. pseudomallei is a noncommensal bacterium and that any culture-positive clinical specimen denotes disease requiring treatment. over a 23-year study of melioidosis cases in darwin, australia, just one patient from 707 survivors has developed persistent asymptomatic b. pseudomallei carriage. to better understand the mechanisms behind this unique scenario, we performed whole-genome analysis o ... | 2013 | 23860767 |
| sterile-α- and armadillo motif-containing protein inhibits the trif-dependent downregulation of signal regulatory protein α to interfere with intracellular bacterial elimination in burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mouse macrophages. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, evades macrophage killing by suppressing the trif-dependent pathway, leading to inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression. we previously demonstrated that virulent wild-type b. pseudomallei inhibits the trif-dependent pathway by upregulating sterile-α- and armadillo motif-containing protein (sarm) and by inhibiting downregulation of signal regulatory protein α (sirpα); both molecules are negative regulators of t ... | 2013 | 23836818 |
| neurologic melioidosis. | melioidosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in northern australia and southeast asia. diagnosis is best made by isolation of burkholderia pseudomallei from clinical specimens. a variety of clinical presentations are described, including neurologic disease. the aim of this study was to review admissions with confirmed neurologic melioidosis to a regional hospital in a region to which melioidosis is endemic during 1995-2011. there were 12 culture-confirmed cases of neurologic meli ... | 2013 | 23836574 |
| clinically lesser known entity in india: a report of two cases of melioidosis. | melioidosis is endemic in the south asian regions, like thailand, singapore malaysia and australia. the disease is more pronounced in the southern part of the country. it is caused by burkholderia pseudomallei which causes systemic involvement, morbidity and mortality associated with the disease is high. due to highly varied clinical presentation, and low general awareness this infection is largely underdiagnosed and under reported in our country. most laboratories in the country still rely on c ... | 2013 | 23833477 |
| nitro versus hydroxamate in siderophores of pathogenic bacteria: effect of missing hydroxylamine protection in malleobactin biosynthesis. | | 2013 | 23821334 |
| the bpeef-oprc efflux pump is responsible for widespread trimethoprim resistance in clinical and environmental burkholderia pseudomallei isolates. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (co-trimoxazole) is the primary drug used for oral eradication therapy of burkholderia pseudomallei infections (melioidosis). here, we demonstrate that trimethoprim resistance is widespread in clinical and environmental isolates from northeast thailand and northern australia. this resistance was shown to be due to bpeef-oprc efflux pump expression. no dihydrofolate reductase target mutations were involved, although frequent insertion of isbma2 was noted within the p ... | 2013 | 23817379 |
| rpos and oxidative stress conditions regulate succinyl-coa: 3-ketoacid-coenzyme a transferase (scot) expression in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium, causes the severe human disease melioidosis. this organism can survive in eukaryotic host cells by escaping reactive oxygen species via the regulation of stress responsive sigma factors, including rpos. in b. pseudomallei, rpos has been reported to play a role in the oxidative stress response through enhanced activity of oxyr and catalase. in this study, the rpos dependent oxidative stress responsive system was further characterize ... | 2013 | 23808410 |
| environmental management procedures following fatal melioidosis in a captive chimpanzee (pan troglodytes). | a 40-yr-old male captive chimpanzee (pan troglodytes) presented with depression and anorexia for 7 days. the tentative diagnosis, following a physical examination under anesthesia, was pneumonia with sepsis. despite antibiotic treatment and supportive care the chimpanzee died a week following presentation. gross pathology confirmed severe purulent pneumonia and diffuse hepatosplenic abscesses. detected in serum at the time of the initial examination, the melioidosis serum antibody titer was elev ... | 2013 | 23805570 |
| antimicrobial action of the cyclic peptide bactenecin on burkholderia pseudomallei correlates with efficient membrane permeabilization. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a category b agent that causes melioidosis, an acute and chronic disease with septicemia. the current treatment regimen is a heavy dose of antibiotics such as ceftazidime (caz); however, the risk of a relapse is possible. peptide antibiotics are an alternative to classical antibiotics as they exhibit rapid action and are less likely to result in the development of resistance. the aim of this study was to determine the bactericidal activity against b. pseudomallei and ... | 2013 | 23785532 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei infection induces the expression of apoptosis-related genes and proteins in mouse macrophages. | in this study, we addressed whether the production of apoptosis-related genes and proteins is induced in mouse macrophages infected with burkholderia pseudomallei cells. | 2014 | 23751765 |
| melioidosis as a consequence of sporting activity. | in the tropical city of darwin, northern territory, australia, dry season soil sampling cultured burkholderia pseudomallei from 7 (70%) of 10 sports fields. however, during the 23 years of the darwin prospective melioidosis study, only 5 (0.6%) of 785 melioidosis cases have been attributed to infection from sports fields. in one soccer player with cutaneous melioidosis, b. pseudomallei cultured from the player was identical by multilocus sequence typing and multilocus variable-number tandem repe ... | 2013 | 23732257 |
| melioidosis with a pericardial effusion, which relapsed as a chest wall abscess: a rare presentation. | melioidosis, which is caused by a soil saprophyte, burkholderia pseudomallei, is most prevalent in the south-west coast of india. although it is frequently seen in immunocompromised patients, melioidosis can occur in apparently normal individuals. melioidosis can involve almost any organ. a relapse of melioidosis is usually associated with a poor adherence to the eradication therapy, a multifocal involvement and bacteraemia. a relapsing melioidosis is usually known to follow a similar pattern of ... | 2013 | 23730667 |
| melioidosis in an adult male. | infection with burkholderia pseudomallei has been described, albeit rarely, patients in bangladesh. infection usually follows percutaneous inoculation or inhalation of the causative bacterium, which is present in soil and surface water in the endemic region. a 35-year-young male farmer presented with prolonged fever and significant weight loss. patient gradually deteriorated despite getting different antibiotics including intravenous ceftriaxone and metronidazole. panels of investigations were d ... | 2013 | 23715373 |
| quorum sensing negatively regulates multinucleate cell formation during intracellular growth of burkholderia pseudomallei in macrophage-like cells. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative environmental bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis, a potentially fatal, acute or chronic disease endemic in the tropics. acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-mediated quorum sensing and signalling have been associated with virulence and biofilm formation in numerous bacterial pathogens. in the canonical acyl-homoserine lactone signalling paradigm, ahls are detected by a response regulator. b. pseudomallei encodes three ahl synthases, encoded by ... | 2013 | 23704903 |
| genome sequence of burkholderia pseudomallei nctc 13392. | here, we describe the draft genome sequence of burkholderia pseudomallei nctc 13392. this isolate has been distributed as k96243, but distinct genomic differences have been identified. the genomic sequence of this isolate will provide the genomic context for previously conducted functional studies. | 2013 | 23704173 |
| biogeography of burkholderia pseudomallei in the torres strait islands of northern australia. | it has been hypothesized that biogeographical boundaries are a feature of burkholderia pseudomallei ecology, and they impact the epidemiology of melioidosis on a global scale. this study examined the relatedness of b. pseudomallei sourced from islands in the torres strait of northern australia to determine if the geography of isolated island communities is a determinant of the organisms' dispersal. environmental sampling on badu island in the near western island cluster recovered a single clone. ... | 2013 | 23698533 |
| enzymatic and molecular characterisation of leucine aminopeptidase of burkholderia pseudomallei. | leucine aminopeptidase (lap) has been known to be a housekeeping protease, dna-binding protein and repressor or activator in the operon regulation of virulence-associated genes in several bacterial species. lap activity was consistently detected in overnight cultures of burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis and this enzyme was partially purified and characterised in this study. the intra- and inter-species nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence variation of lap encodi ... | 2013 | 23682954 |
| environmental factors affecting burkholderia pseudomallei biofilm formation. | melioidosis is highly prevalent in northeast thailand which is associated with high incidence of burkholderia pseudomallei present in the soil of this region. b. pseudomallei when present in biofilm becomes resistant to numerous environmental factors and also to certain antibiotics. in this study, we examined the effects of several environmentally relevant factors (salinity, iron, manganese and temperature) on biofilm formation of four clinical ribotypes of b. pseudomallei commonly found in nort ... | 2013 | 23682440 |
| post-exposure therapeutic efficacy of cox-2 inhibition against burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative, facultative intracellular bacillus and the etiologic agent of melioidosis, a severe disease in southeast asia and northern australia. like other multidrug-resistant pathogens, the inherent antibiotic resistance of b. pseudomallei impedes treatment and highlights the need for alternative therapeutic strategies that can circumvent antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. in this work, we demonstrate that host prostaglandin e2 (pge2) production plays a regu ... | 2013 | 23675544 |
| reactive and infective dermatoses associated with adult-onset immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody: sweet's syndrome and beyond. | immunodeficiency due to anti-interferon-gamma autoantibody (anti-ifn-γ autoab) is an emerging adult-onset immunodeficiency syndrome predominantly found in southeast asians. it is associated with severe or disseminated infections caused by non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) and other opportunistic pathogens. we describe 3 patients with anti-ifn-γ autoab who developed reactive and infective dermatoses, and thoroughly review the existing literature on dermatoses associated with the immunodeficiency ... | 2013 | 23652167 |
| melioidosis and peritoneal dialysis related peritonitis. | we report a case of melioidosis presenting as peritonitis in a patient on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). a 47-year-old man, a lorry driver, with end-stage renal disease due to diabetes mellitus on capd presented in pd-related peritonitis. he was started on intraperitoneal cloxacillin and ceftazidime, and changed to intraperitoneal vancomycin and meropenam after day 5 due to nonresponse. burkholderia pseudomallei was identified from the dialysate culture. he was treated with in ... | 2013 | 23629573 |
| ¹h, ¹³c, ¹⁵n backbone and side chain nmr resonance assignments of bpsl1050 from burkholderia pseudomallei. | bpsl1050 is a 13.9 kda protein produced by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiological agent of melioidosis. immunodetection assays against sera patients using protein microarray suggest bpsl1050 involvement in melioidosis. herein we report its backbone and side chains nmr assignment. | 2014 | 23616103 |
| melioidosis in a returning traveller. | a 66-year-old man returned to the uk from thailand with a 2-week history of new confusion, hallucinations, fever with rigours and productive cough. he had not responded to (unspecified) antibiotic treatment in thailand. on examination he was afebrile, with an abbreviated mental test score of 8/10 and no other findings on systemic examination. he was treated with ceftriaxone in response to discovery of a gram-negative organism in blood. this was converted to meropenem on the clinical suspicion of ... | 2013 | 23605844 |
| intra-abdominal melioidosis masquerading as a tubercular abdomen: report of a rare case and literature review. | melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, an important human pathogen in tropical regions, has protean multi-system clinical manifestations. | 2013 | 23581631 |
| neurologic melioidosis in an imported pigtail macaque (macaca nemestrina). | burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis in humans and other animals. disease occurs predominately in asia and australia. it is rare in north america, and affected people and animals typically have a history of travel to (in human cases) or importation from (in animal cases) endemic areas. we describe the gross and histopathologic features and the microbiologic, molecular, and immunohistochemical diagnoses of a case of acute meningoencephalomyelitis and focal pneumonia caused by b. ... | 2013 | 23576240 |
| systematic review and consensus guidelines for environmental sampling of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a tier 1 select agent and the cause of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacillus present in the environment in many tropical countries. defining the global pattern of b. pseudomallei distribution underpins efforts to prevent infection, and is dependent upon robust environmental sampling methodology. our objective was to review the literature on the detection of environmental b. pseudomallei, update the risk map for melioidosis, and propose international consensus guidel ... | 2013 | 23556010 |
| bloodstream infection among adults in phnom penh, cambodia: key pathogens and resistance patterns. | bloodstream infections (bsi) cause important morbidity and mortality worldwide. in cambodia, no surveillance data on bsi are available so far. | 2013 | 23555777 |
| surprisingly low seroprevalence of burkholderia pseudomallei in exposed healthy adults in the darwin region of tropical australia where melioidosis is highly endemic. | in the darwin region of australia where melioidosis is highly endemic, only 11/354 (3%) healthy residents were seropositive by indirect hemagglutination assay, despite extensive exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei. none developed melioidosis, but some described a prior self-limiting illness. this seropositivity rate is much lower than that seen in northeast thailand, where melioidosis is similarly highly endemic, potentially reflecting important differences between these two locations in the e ... | 2013 | 23536689 |
| potential immunogenic polypeptides of burkholderia pseudomallei identified by shotgun expression library and evaluation of their efficacy for serodiagnosis of melioidosis. | the search for novel immunogenic polypeptides to improve the accuracy and reliability of serologic diagnostic methods for burkholderia pseudomallei infection is ongoing. we employed a rapid and efficient approach to identify such polypeptides with sera from melioidosis patients using a small insert genomic expression library created from clinically confirmed local virulent isolates of b. pseudomallei. after 2 rounds of immunoscreening, 6 sero-positive clones expressing immunogenic peptides were ... | 2013 | 23532805 |
| new molecular interaction of iia(ntr) and hpr from burkholderia pseudomallei identified by x-ray crystallography and docking studies. | the nitrogen-related phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system (pts(ntr) ) is involved in controlling ammonia assimilation and nitrogen fixation. the additional role of pts(ntr) as a regulatory link between nitrogen and carbon utilization in escherichia coli is assumed to be closely related to molecular functions of iia(ntr) in potassium homeostasis. we have determined the crystal structure of iia(ntr) from burkholderia pseudomallei (bpiia(ntr) ), which is a causative agent of melioidosis. t ... | 2013 | 23483653 |
| clinical definitions of melioidosis. | clinical definitions of melioidosis and inhalation-acquired melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei infection) are described together with the evidence used to develop these definitions. such definitions support accurate public health reporting, preparedness planning for deliberate b. pseudomallei release, design of experimental models, and categorization of naturally acquired melioidosis. | 2013 | 23468355 |
| activities of daily living associated with acquisition of melioidosis in northeast thailand: a matched case-control study. | melioidosis is a serious infectious disease caused by the category b select agent and environmental saprophyte, burkholderia pseudomallei. most cases of naturally acquired infection are assumed to result from skin inoculation after exposure to soil or water. the aim of this study was to provide evidence for inoculation, inhalation and ingestion as routes of infection, and develop preventive guidelines based on this evidence. | 2013 | 23437412 |
| disseminated melioidosis presenting as septic arthritis. | melioidosis is an infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is known as a remarkable imitator due to the wide and variable clinical spectrum of its manifestations. septic arthritis is rare but well-recognized manifestation of this disease. we report a case of melioidosis in a 52 year male with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (dm) presenting with a rare combination of septic arthritis and abscesses in the chest wall, liver and subcutaneous tissue. the patient responded to prolonge ... | 2012 | 23409422 |
| a heterodimer comprised of two bovine lactoferrin antimicrobial peptides exhibits powerful bactericidal activity against burkholderia pseudomallei. | melioidosis is a severe infectious disease that is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of this disease, has developed resistance to an increasing list of antibiotics, demanding a search for novel agents. lactoferricin and lactoferrampin are two antimicrobial domains of lactoferrin with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity. a hybrid peptide (lfchimera) containing lactoferrampin (lfampin265-284) and a part of lactoferricin (lfcin17 ... | 2013 | 23404819 |
| galleria mellonella as a model system to test the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of antibiotics against burkholderia pseudomallei. | mammalian models of infection are paramount to elucidating the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and are also used for evaluating the efficacy of novel antimicrobials before the commencement of human trials. in this study, galleria mellonella was used to determine the efficacy of antibiotics towards a burkholderia thailandensis infection in g. mellonella larvae. kanamycin, imipenem, ceftazidime, doxycycline and ciprofloxacin could all provide some protection when given 1 h before challenge wi ... | 2013 | 23402703 |
| an assessment of common marmoset (callithrix jacchus) γ9(+) t cells and their response to phosphoantigen in vitro. | γ9δ2 t cells are a primate-specific γδ t cell subtype that expand and become activated during infection, responding directly to phosphoantigens which are by-products of essential metabolic pathways in both bacteria and mammals. analogues of natural phosphoantigens have been developed as potential immunotherapeutics for treatment of tumours and infectious diseases. several non-human primate models have been used in preclinical studies, however, little is known about marmoset γ9δ2 t cell responses ... | 2012 | 23399838 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei osteomyelitis of the metatarsal in an infant. | burkoholderia pseudomallei is an emerging cause of localized musculoskeletal infections. we report the case of a 9-month-old infant with isolated primary chronic osteomyelitis of the fifth metatarsal. radiographs showed expansion and thickening of the cortex. the metatarsal had lytic lesions with scalloped margins; no periosteal reaction or sequestration was seen. surgical debridement provided removal of infected material and adequate drainage by saucerization. b. pseudomallei was isolated from ... | 2013 | 23395629 |
| host responses to melioidosis and tuberculosis are both dominated by interferon-mediated signaling. | melioidosis (burkholderia pseudomallei infection) is a common cause of community-acquired sepsis in northeast thailand and northern australia. b. pseudomallei is a soil saprophyte endemic to southeast asia and northern australia. the clinical presentation of melioidosis may mimic tuberculosis (both cause chronic suppurative lesions unresponsive to conventional antibiotics and both commonly affect the lungs). the two diseases have overlapping risk profiles (e.g., diabetes, corticosteroid use), an ... | 2013 | 23383015 |
| survival, sublethal injury, and recovery of environmental burkholderia pseudomallei in soil subjected to desiccation. | environmental burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from sandy soil at castle hill, townsville, in the dry tropic region of queensland, australia, was inoculated into sterile-soil laboratory microcosms subjected to variable soil moisture. survival and sublethal injury of the b. pseudomallei strain were monitored by recovery using culture-based methods. soil extraction buffer yielded higher recoveries as an extraction agent than sterile distilled water. b. pseudomallei was not recoverable when inocu ... | 2013 | 23377947 |
| efficacy of post exposure administration of doxycycline in a murine model of inhalational melioidosis. | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. treatment of melioidosis is suboptimal and developing improved melioidosis therapies requires animal models. in this report, we exposed male balb/c mice to various amounts of aerosolized b. pseudomallei 1026b to determine lethality. after establishing a median lethal dose (ld(50)) of 2,772 colony forming units (cfu)/animal, we tested the ability of doxycycline administered 6 hours after exposure to a uniformly lethal dose of ~20 ld ... | 2013 | 23359492 |
| characterisation of predominant molecular patterns of burkholderia pseudomallei in taiwan. | the soil-dwelling pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei is the cause of melioidosis. in this study, the geographical and temporal distributions of predominant molecular patterns occurring in clinical and environmental isolates of b. pseudomallei were characterised. | 2013 | 23355636 |
| epidemiology, microbiology and mortality associated with community-acquired bacteremia in northeast thailand: a multicenter surveillance study. | national statistics in developing countries are likely to underestimate deaths due to bacterial infections. here, we calculated mortality associated with community-acquired bacteremia (cab) in a developing country using routinely available databases. | 2013 | 23349954 |
| characterization of bcaa, a putative classical autotransporter protein in burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a tier 1 select agent, and the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease with effects ranging from chronic abscesses to fulminant pneumonia and septic shock, which can be rapidly fatal. autotransporters (ats) are outer membrane proteins belonging to the type v secretion system family, and many have been shown to play crucial roles in pathogenesis. the open reading frame bp1026b_ii1054 (bcaa) in b. pseudomallei strain 1026b is predicted to encode a classical autotrans ... | 2013 | 23340315 |
| case report of orbital cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis from melioidosis. | a 48-year-old thai male farmer presented with progressive swelling of the right eyelid and high-grade fever. his visual acuity declined and the right side of his forehead developed a necrotic skin lesion with a purulent discharge. ct of the orbits suggested orbital cellulitis with subperiosteal abscess. intravenous ceftriaxone and clindamycin were given empirically but then switched to vancomycin and meropenem because of rapid deterioration together with clinical sepsis. burkholderia pseudomalle ... | 2016 | 23303132 |
| does hiv status affect the aetiology, bacterial resistance patterns and recommended empiric antibiotic treatment in adult patients with bloodstream infection in cambodia? | the microbiologic causes of bloodstream infections (bsi) may differ between hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients and direct initial empiric antibiotic treatment (i.e. treatment before culture results are available). we retrospectively assessed community-acquired bsi episodes in adults in cambodia according to hiv status for spectrum of bacterial pathogens, antibiotic resistance patterns and appropriateness of empiric antibiotics. | 2013 | 23294446 |
| melioidosis and the kidney. | melioidosis, caused by the saprophytic soil and freshwater gram-negative aerobic bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei, is classically characterized by pneumonia, sometimes with multiple organ abscesses, usually in patients with defined risk factors and with a mortality rate of up to 40%. it is a major cause of community-acquired sepsis in southeast asia and tropical northern australia with an expanding global geographical distribution. it is increasingly recognized as an opportunistic infectious d ... | 2013 | 23279670 |
| expression and characterization of an iron-containing superoxide dismutase from burkholderia pseudomallei. | a superoxide dismutase (sod) gene from burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli, and its product was functionally and physically characterized. the gene has an open-reading frame of 579 bp. the deduced amino acid sequence has 192 residues with a calculated molecular mass of ~22 kda. sequence comparison with other bacterial sods showed that the protein contains typical metal-binding motifs and other fe-sod-conserved residues. the ... | 2012 | 23274991 |
| surgical treatment of pseudoaneurysm of innominate artery infected with burkholderia pseudomallei. | the management of melioidosis, caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, presenting as an infected pseudoaneurysm requires radical debridement and prolonged antibiotics because the pathogen is resistant to host immunity. an extra-anatomical bypass might be a better treatment choice than in situ graft interposition or other methods.we report on a 76-year-oldman with an infected pseudoaneurysmlocated in the innominate artery and a method of extra-anatomical bypass that has not yet been reported in the ... | 2013 | 27122691 |
| splenic abscess due to chronic melioidosis in a patient previously misdiagnosed as tuberculosis. | melioidosis is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. sporadic cases have been reported from many parts of the world where it has an epidemic potential with high-rate fatality cases. in non-endemic areas, melioidosis may be misdiagnosed with common diseases and this may prove fatal. sporadic cases of melioidosis are mistaken for tuberculosis in india. we report a case of splenic abscess due to chronic melioidosis who was earlier misdiagnosed as tuberculosis and underwent anti-tubercul ... | 2013 | 24714690 |
| φx216, a p2-like bacteriophage with broad burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei strain infectivity. | burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei are closely related category b select agents of bioterrorism and the causative agents of the diseases melioidosis and glanders, respectively. rapid phage-based diagnostic tools would greatly benefit early recognition and treatment of these diseases. there is extensive strain-to-strain variation in b. pseudomallei genome content due in part to the presence or absence of integrated prophages. several phages have previously been isolated from b. pseudomallei ... | 2012 | 23217012 |
| endogenous protein c has a protective role during gram-negative pneumosepsis (melioidosis). | activated protein c (apc) exerts anticoagulant effects via inactivation of factors va and viiia and cytoprotective effects via protease activated receptor (par)1. inhibition of endogenous apc in endotoxemia and sepsis results in exacerbation of coagulation and inflammation, with consequent enhanced lethality. | 2013 | 23216621 |
| intoxication vs. infection: a decade of studying burkholderia pseudomallei virulence in a simple infection model. | | 2012 | 23211680 |
| impaired early cytokine responses at the site of infection in a murine model of type 2 diabetes and melioidosis comorbidity. | bacterial infections are a common and serious complication of type 2 diabetes (t2d). the prevalence of melioidosis, an emerging tropical infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is increased in people with t2d. this is the first study to compare murine models of t2d and melioidosis. susceptibility and disease progression following infection with b. pseudomallei were compared in our diet-induced polygenic mouse model and a leptin receptor-deficient monogenic mode ... | 2013 | 23208607 |
| glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibition improved survivability of mice infected with burkholderia pseudomallei. | the disease melioidosis, caused by the soil bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei, often manifests as acute septicemia with high fatality. glycogen synthase kinase-3β (gsk3β) plays a key role during the inflammatory response induced by bacteria. we used a murine model of acute melioidosis to investigate the effects of licl, a gsk3 inhibitor on experimental animal survivability as well as tnf-α, il-1β, ifn-γ, il-10 and il-1ra cytokine levels in blood, lung, liver and spleen of b. pseudomallei-infect ... | 2012 | 23202600 |
| a preliminary x-ray study of transketolase from burkholderia pseudomallei. | tkta is the most critical enzyme in the nonoxidative pentose phosphate pathway. it catalyzes the conversion of xylulose 5-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate into sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, and its products are used in the biosynthesis of acetyl-coa, aromatic amino acids, nucleic acids and adp-l-glycero-β-d-manno-heptose. tkta also has an unexpected role in chromosome structure that is independent of its metabolic responsibilities. therefore, it is a new potent antibi ... | 2012 | 23192046 |
| elisa and immuno-polymerase chain reaction assays for the sensitive detection of melioidosis. | melioidosis is caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. the gold standard for diagnosis is culture, which requires at least 3-4 days to obtain a result, hindering successful treatment of acute disease. an indirect haemagglutination assay (iha) is often used but lacks sensitivity. approximately half of patients later confirmed culture positive are not detected by iha at presentation and a subset of patients persistently continue to be iha negative. more rapid and reliable ... | 2013 | 23177220 |
| structural mechanism of ubiquitin and nedd8 deamidation catalyzed by bacterial effectors that induce macrophage-specific apoptosis. | targeting eukaryotic proteins for deamidation modification is increasingly appreciated as a general bacterial virulence mechanism. here, we present an atomic view of how a bacterial deamidase effector, cycle-inhibiting factor homolog in burkholderia pseudomallei (chbp), recognizes its host targets, ubiquitin (ub) and ub-like neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally down-regulated 8 (nedd8), and catalyzes site-specific deamidation. crystal structures of chbp-ub/nedd8 complexes show that u ... | 2012 | 23175788 |
| workshop on treatment of and postexposure prophylaxis for burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei infection, 2010. | the us public health emergency medical countermeasures enterprise convened subject matter experts at the 2010 hhs burkholderia workshop to develop consensus recommendations for postexposure prophylaxis against and treatment for burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei infections, which cause melioidosis and glanders, respectively. drugs recommended by consensus of the participants are ceftazidime or meropenem for initial intensive therapy, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole or amoxicillin/clavulan ... | 2012 | 23171644 |