| melioidosis and idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis: a cast-iron case. | melioidosis is an infection with clinical importance in northern australia due to the high associated mortality despite appropriate therapy. this report presents a case of acute pulmonary melioidosis on a background remarkable for the absence of typical risk factors for infection, but the presence of a high iron pulmonary microenvironment consequent to idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. in light of recent genetic analysis of burkholderia pseudomallei, we postulate that the patient inadvertently ... | 2013 | 25473541 |
| temperature dependent bacteriophages of a tropical bacterial pathogen. | there is an increasing awareness of the multiple ways that bacteriophages (phages) influence bacterial evolution, population dynamics, physiology, and pathogenicity. by studying a novel group of phages infecting a soil borne pathogen, we revealed a paradigm shifting observation that the phages switch their lifestyle according to temperature. we sampled soil from an endemic area of the serious tropical pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, and established that podoviruses infecting the pathogen are ... | 2014 | 25452746 |
| melioidosis in a patient on monoclonal antibody therapy for psoriatic arthritis. | melioidosis is caused by the environmental bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei and can present with severe sepsis. predisposing risk factors are present in 80% of cases. monoclonal antibodies are increasingly prescribed for varied medical conditions. this report describes the first known case of melioidosis in a patient whose only risk factor for disease is treatment with a monoclonal antibody. prescribers of monoclonal antibodies and other immunosuppressants should ensure that their patients ar ... | 2014 | 25442759 |
| isolation of the highly pathogenic and zoonotic agent burkholderia pseudomallei from a pet green iguana in prague, czech republic. | melioidosis caused by burkholderia (b.) pseudomallei is an endemic zoonotic disease mainly reported from northern australia and southeast asia. in europe, cases of human melioidosis have been reported only from patients travelling to endemic regions. besides humans, b. pseudomallei has a very broad host range in domestic and wild animals. there are some reports about importation of b. pseudomallei-infected animals from endemic areas into europe. the present report describes the first case of b. ... | 2014 | 25430942 |
| characterization of a novel two-component system response regulator involved in biofilm formation and a low-iron response of burkholderia pseudomallei. | two-component systems (tcss) regulate an adaptive response to environmental conditions, leading to changes in bacterial cellular processes. in this study, we identified a novel tcs response regulator gene, designated as bfmr (biofilm formation-associated regulator) that regulates biofilm formation by burkholderia pseudomallei (bp). an insertion mutant of the bp bfmr gene resulted in a significant decrease in expression of fimbriae chaperone-usher assembly genes (bpsl2o28 and bpsl22 7), leading t ... | 2014 | 25417508 |
| effect of host factors on neutrophil functions in response to burkholderia pseudomallei in healthy thai subjects. | burkholderia pseudomallei is an intracellular pathogenic bacterium that causes melioidosis in humans. on infection, neutrophils eliminate the majority of intracellular b. pseudomallei. previous reports on the risk factors for melioidosis have shown that host factors, particularly age and diabetes mellitus, increase susceptibility to b. pseudomallei; however, whether these factors influence neutrophil functions in response to infection remains unknown. in this study, whole blood samples were coll ... | 2014 | 25410558 |
| whole-genome sequencing confirms that burkholderia pseudomallei multilocus sequence types common to both cambodia and australia are due to homoplasy. | burkholderia pseudomallei isolates with shared multilocus sequence types (sts) have not been isolated from different continents. we identified two sts shared between australia and cambodia. whole-genome analysis revealed substantial diversity within sts, correctly identified the asian or australian origin, and confirmed that these shared sts were due to homoplasy. | 2015 | 25392354 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characterisation of burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from malaysian patients. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is intrinsically resistant to many antibiotics. ceftazidime (caz), the synthetic β-lactam, is normally used as the first-line antibiotic therapy for treatment of melioidosis. however, acquired caz resistance can develop in vivo during treatment with caz, leading to mortality if therapy is not switched to a different antibiotic(s) in a timely manner. in this study, susceptibilities of 81 b. pseudomallei isolates to nine different anti ... | 2014 | 25379514 |
| diabetes-independent increase of factor vii-activating protease activation in patients with gram-negative sepsis (melioidosis). | the plasma protease factor vii-activating protease (fsap) can release nucleosomes from late apoptotic cells. nucleosomes are markers of cell death, and extracellular cell-free dna has been suggested to play an important role in inflammation and has been demonstrated to correlate with severity and outcome in sepsis patients. | 2015 | 25370187 |
| melioidosis: a review. | the disease melioidosis, caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, remains an important and sometimes neglected cause of disease in tropical regions of australia. infection may present in myriad ways, and diagnosis often requires consideration of this organism prior to culture. laboratory identification of b. pseudomallei requires specialised testing beyond that available in many routine diagnostic microbiology laboratories. for this reason, cases outside of the traditional endemic zone ... | 2014 | 25359677 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei in water supplies, southern thailand. | | 2014 | 25340393 |
| whole-genome sequencing of burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from an unusual melioidosis case identifies a polyclonal infection with the same multilocus sequence type. | twelve burkholderia pseudomallei isolates collected over a 32-month period from a patient with chronic melioidosis demonstrated identical multilocus sequence types (sts). however, whole-genome sequencing suggests a polyclonal infection. this study is the first to report a mixed infection with the same st. | 2015 | 25339397 |
| autophagy and burkholderia. | autophagy has become increasingly viewed as an important component of the eukaryotic innate immune system. the elimination of intracellular pathogens by autophagy in mammalian cells (xenophagy) results not only in the degradation of invading bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, but also liberation of metabolites that may have been utilized during pathogen infection, thus promoting cell survival. after gaining entry into the cell, intracellular bacterial pathogens attempt to escape from phagos ... | 2015 | 25331551 |
| establishment of a novel whole animal hts technology platform for melioidosis drug discovery. | melioidosis is a serious emerging endemic infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative pathogen. septicemic melioidosis has a mortality rate of 50% even with treatment. like other gram-negative bacteria, b. pseudomallei is resistant to a number of antibiotics and multi-drug resistant b. pseudomallei is beginning to be encountered in hospitals. there is a clear medical need to develop new treatment options to manage this disease. we used burkholderia thailandensis (a bs ... | 2014 | 25329838 |
| liver abscess caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in a young man: a case report and review of literature. | pyogenic liver abscess is a common entity in indian subcontinent and is mostly caused by gram negative bacteria. melioidosis is not commonly seen in india and only a few cases are reported. it can give rise to multiple abscesses at different sites including liver. we report a case of isolated liver abscess caused by burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei) in a 29-year-old recently diagnosed diabetic, immunocompetent male. diagnosis was made by imaging and culture of pus aspirated from the ab ... | 2014 | 25325075 |
| short report: failure of burkholderia pseudomallei to grow in an automated blood culture system. | we compared the organisms isolated from 30,210 pairs of blood culture bottles by using bact/alert system and the conventional system. overall, 2,575 (8.5%) specimens were culture positive for pathogenic organisms. the sensitivity for detection of pathogenic organisms with the bact/alert system (85.6%, 2,203 of 2,575) was significantly higher than that with the conventional method (74.1%, 1,908 of 2,575; p < 0.0001). however, burkholderia pseudomallei was isolated less often with the bact/alert s ... | 2014 | 25311697 |
| the crystal structure of isoniazid-bound katg catalase-peroxidase from synechococcus elongatus pcc7942. | isoniazid (inh) is one of the most effective antibiotics against tuberculosis. inh is a prodrug that is activated by katg. although extensive studies have been performed in order to understand the mechanism of katg, even the binding site of inh in katg remains controversial. in this study, we determined the crystal structure of katg from synechococcus elongatus pcc7942 (sekatg) in a complex with inh at 2.12-å resolution. three inh molecules were bound to the molecular surface. one inh molecule w ... | 2015 | 25303560 |
| osteomyelitis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei: relapse six years after pulmonary infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei is highly endemic in southeast asia, whereas in europe usually only few imported cases of melioidosis occur. | 2014 | 25291954 |
| autochthonous melioidosis in humans, madagascar, 2012 and 2013. | melioidosis is an often fatal infectious disease affecting humans and animals in the tropics. only sporadic cases have been reported from africa and the indian ocean region. we describe 2 confirmed autochthonous cases of human melioidosis in madagascar, both from novel genotypes of burkholderia pseudomallei. | 2014 | 25272365 |
| contact investigation of melioidosis cases reveals regional endemicity in puerto rico. | melioidosis results from infection with burkholderia pseudomallei and is associated with case-fatality rates up to 40%. early diagnosis and treatment with appropriate antimicrobials can improve survival rates. fatal and nonfatal melioidosis cases were identified in puerto rico in 2010 and 2012, respectively, which prompted contact investigations to identify risk factors for infection and evaluate endemicity. | 2015 | 25270646 |
| draft genome sequence of xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar vasculorum ncppb 900. | xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar vasculorum strain ncppb 900 was isolated from sugarcane on reunion island in 1960. consistent with its belonging to fatty-acid type d, multi-locus sequence analysis confirmed that ncppb 900 falls within the species x. axonopodis. this genome harbours sequences similar to plasmids pxcv183 from x. campestris pv. vesicatoria 85-10 and pphb194 from burkholderia pseudomallei. its repertoire of predicted effectors includes homologues of xopaa, xopad, xopae, xopb, xopd, ... | 2014 | 25263632 |
| high hmgb1 level is associated with poor outcome of septicemic melioidosis. | a high level of hmgb1 (high-mobility group box 1) - a late onset inflammatory mediator - is a marker of lethal sepsis in several infectious diseases. the level of hmgb1 in the plasma of burkholderia pseudomallei-infected patients was investigated together with the severity of the disease. the neutralization of hmgb1 to improve survival was also tested in a mouse model. | 2014 | 25263503 |
| mycotic aneurysm caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in a previously healthy returning traveller. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a common cause of serious, difficult to treat infections in south-east asia and northern australia, but is a rare imported pathogen in the usa and europe. we report a case of a patient with a mycotic aneurysm caused by b. pseudomallei in a previously healthy returning traveller. the patient presented with 4 weeks of abdominal pain and intermittent fever after a brief vacation in thailand. the aneurysm was excised and replaced by an autologous deep vein graft, and the ... | 2014 | 25246454 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2014 | 25245211 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei sequencing identifies genomic clades with distinct recombination, accessory, and epigenetic profiles. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causative agent of the infectious disease melioidosis. to investigate population diversity, recombination, and horizontal gene transfer in closely related bp isolates, we performed whole-genome sequencing (wgs) on 106 clinical, animal, and environmental strains from a restricted asian locale. whole-genome phylogenies resolved multiple genomic clades of bp, largely congruent with multilocus sequence typing (mlst). we discovered widespread recombination in the ... | 2015 | 25236617 |
| clinical presentation and medical management of melioidosis in children: a 24-year prospective study in the northern territory of australia and review of the literature. | melioidosis is less common in children than adults. the clinical spectrum of disease varies greatly between the 2 groups. treatment guidelines are currently based on adult studies, and revision of existing guidelines is necessary to instruct specific pediatric management. | 2015 | 25228703 |
| comparison of the protective effects of killed burkholderia pseudomallei and cpg oligodeoxynucleotide against live challenge. | melioidosis is a fatal disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. currently there is no vaccine available. synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with unmethylated cpg dinucleotide motifs (cpg odn) can stimulate vertebrate immune cells and clear certain pathogens that are susceptible to a strong th1 response. in our previous study, pretreatment with cpg odn alone or cpg-odn with cationic liposomes for 2-10 or 30 days before b. pseudomallei infection in mice conferred 80-100% protection. in the presen ... | 2014 | 25223269 |
| advanced amperometric respiration assay for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. | a ferricyanide-based electrochemical cell respiration assay was adapted for use in broad-spectrum antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast). total bacterial respiration was converted into faradaic current by electro-oxidation of ferrocyanide, produced when ferricyanide is reduced by bacterial electron-transport. for escherichia coli (e. coli), the signal was linear with 5-13 × 10(8) colony-forming units in measuring buffer. for ast, test cells were treated with drugs before ferricyanide additio ... | 2014 | 25222107 |
| transcriptional profiles of burkholderia pseudomallei reveal the direct and indirect roles of sigma e under oxidative stress conditions. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacterium widely distributed in soil and water in endemic areas. this soil saprophyte can survive harsh environmental conditions, even in soils where herbicides (containing superoxide generators) are abundant. sigma factor e (σe) is a key regulator of extra-cytoplasmic stress response in gram-negative bacteria. in this study, we identified the b. pseudomallei σe regulon and characterized the indirect role that σe p ... | 2014 | 25214426 |
| evaluation of a burkholderia pseudomallei outer membrane vesicle vaccine in nonhuman primates. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bps)is the causative agent of melioidosis and is endemic in regions of northern australia and southeast asia. bps is inherently resistant to multiple antibiotics and is considered a potential biological warfare agent by the u.s. dhhs. therefore, effective vaccines are necessary to prevent natural infection and to safeguard against biological attack with this organism. in our previous work we have shown that immunization with naturally derived outer membrane vesicles (o ... | 2014 | 25165491 |
| functional characterizations of effector protein bipc, a type iii secretion system protein, in burkholderia pseudomallei pathogenesis. | the bsa locus of burkholderia pseudomallei encodes several proteins that are components of the type iii secretion system (ttss). bipc was postulated as one of the ttss-3 effector proteins, but its role in the pathogenesis of b. pseudomallei infection is not well understood. thus, the aim of this study was to determine its role(s) in the virulence of b. pseudomallei pathogenesis. | 2015 | 25165162 |
| delineating the importance of serum opsonins and the bacterial capsule in affecting the uptake and killing of burkholderia pseudomallei by murine neutrophils and macrophages. | infection of susceptible hosts by the encapsulated gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) causes melioidosis, with septic patients attaining mortality rates ≥ 40%. due to its high infectivity through inhalation and limited effective therapies, bp is considered a potential bioweapon. thus, there is great interest in identifying immune effectors that effectively kill bp. our goal is to compare the relative abilities of murine macrophages and neutrophils to clear bp, as well as dete ... | 2014 | 25144195 |
| melioidosis: a rare cause of constrictive pericarditis. | | 2014 | 25135327 |
| nitric oxide from ifnγ-primed macrophages modulates the antimicrobial activity of β-lactams against the intracellular pathogens burkholderia pseudomallei and nontyphoidal salmonella. | our investigations show that nonlethal concentrations of nitric oxide (no) abrogate the antibiotic activity of β-lactam antibiotics against burkholderia pseudomallei, escherichia coli and nontyphoidal salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. no protects b. pseudomallei already exposed to β-lactams, suggesting that this diatomic radical tolerizes bacteria against the antimicrobial activity of this important class of antibiotics. the concentrations of no that elicit antibiotic tolerance repress co ... | 2014 | 25121731 |
| characterization of bpss1521 (bprd), a regulator of burkholderia pseudomallei virulence gene expression in the mouse model. | the gram-negative saprophytic bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe infectious disease of both humans and animals. severity of the disease is thought to be dependent on both the health status of the host, including diabetes mellitus and kidney disease, and bacterial-derived factors. to identify the bacterial factors important during an acute infection, gene expression profiles in the spleen, lung, and liver of balb/c (th2 prototype) and c57bl/6 mice ... | 2014 | 25111708 |
| [melioidosis in a danish tourist returning from north-eastern thailand]. | melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, is endemic in south east asia and northern australia. it has a wide clinical diversity, spanning from asymptomatic cases to rapid septic shock and death. we present a case of pulmonary melioidosis in a danish tourist returning from north-eastern thailand. the patient was treated with intravenous ceftazidime followed by oral therapy with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and subsequently switched to doxycycline due to abnormal li ... | 2014 | 25096943 |
| fatal burkholderia pseudomallei infection initially reported as a bacillus species, ohio, 2013. | a fatal case of melioidosis was diagnosed in ohio one month after culture results were initially reported as a bacillus species. to identify a source of infection and assess risk in patient contacts, we abstracted patient charts; interviewed physicians and contacts; genetically characterized the isolate; performed a burkholderia pseudomallei antibody indirect hemagglutination assay on household contacts and pets to assess seropositivity; and collected household plant, soil, liquid, and insect sa ... | 2014 | 25092821 |
| effect of oral n-acetyl cysteine supplementation in type 2 diabetic patients on intracellular glutathione content and innate immune responses to burkholderia pseudomallei. | type 2 diabetic patients have increased susceptibility to melioidosis, an infectious disease caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. we had previously shown that peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) from diabetic patients with poor glycemic control had a defective il-12 and ifnγ response to b. pseudomallei infection, resulting in poor intracellular bacterial control. the impaired il-12 response was due to glutathione (gsh) deficiency characterized by a low reduced to oxidized glutathione rati ... | 2014 | 25088507 |
| characterization and analysis of the burkholderia pseudomallei bsan virulence regulon. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a facultative intracellular pathogen and the causative agent of melioidosis. a conserved type iii secretion system (t3ss3) and type vi secretion system (t6ss1) are critical for intracellular survival and growth. the t3ss3 and t6ss1 genes are coordinately and hierarchically regulated by a tetr-type regulator, bspr. a central transcriptional regulator of the bspr regulatory cascade, bsan, activates a subset of t3ss3 and t6ss1 loci. | 2014 | 25085508 |
| interaction of interferon gamma-induced reactive oxygen species with ceftazidime leads to synergistic killing of intracellular burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a facultative intracellular pathogen, causes severe infections and is inherently refractory to many antibiotics. previous studies from our group have shown that interferon gamma (ifn-γ) interacts synergistically with the antibiotic ceftazidime to kill bacteria in infected macrophages. the present study aimed to identify the underlying mechanism of that interaction. we first showed that blocking reactive oxygen species (ros) pathways reversed ifn-γ- and ceftazidime-medi ... | 2014 | 25070108 |
| rapid burkholderia pseudomallei identification and antibiotic resistance determination by bacteriophage amplification and maldi-tof ms. | phage amplification detected by maldi-tof ms was investigated for rapid and simultaneous burkholderia pseudomallei identification and ceftazidime resistance determination. b. pseudomallei ceftazidime susceptible and resistant δpurm mutant strains bp82 and bp82.3 were infected with broadly targeting b. pseudomallei phage ϕx216 and production of the m/z 37.6 kda phage capsid protein observed by maldi-tof ms over the course of 3 h infections. this allowed for repoducible phage-based bacterial id wi ... | 2014 | 25050191 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of burkholderia pseudomallei among melioidosis cases in kedah, malaysia. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality particularly among diabetics. we evaluated 228 isolates of b. pseudomallei for antimicrobial sensitivity during 2005-2010 using the disc diffusion technique, of which 144 were obtained from blood culture. more than 90% of the strains were susceptible to cefoperazone, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol and imipenem. eighty-two percent of the isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and amoxic ... | 2014 | 24974653 |
| intracerebral coinfection with burkholderia pseudomallei and cryptococcus neoformans in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus. | infections are a serious complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle), and are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. sle patients are particularly susceptible to infection due to immune suppression from underlying disease or treatment. most infections are due to common bacterial organisms. clinicians also need to be aware of the possibility of polymicrobial infections as these may cause diagnostic delay and affect outcomes. we report the case of an intra-cerebral coi ... | 2014 | 24968675 |
| comparison of stress adaptation and survival rate between burkholderia pseudomallei with mutant and wild type bfmr. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is highly adaptable to a wide range of environmental changes for survival and pathogenesis. however, the underlying mechanisms of such adaptability are still unclear. two-component system (tcs) is a common signal transduction used by bacteria in response to environmental changes. a gene designated as bfmr (locus tag of bpsl2024) has been proposed to encode a response regulator, a member of the tcs, and was studied by mutagenesis and comparison of its phenotypic cha ... | 2014 | 24968674 |
| microevolution of burkholderia pseudomallei during an acute infection. | we used whole-genome sequencing to evaluate 69 independent colonies of burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from seven body sites of a patient with acute disseminated melioidosis. fourteen closely related genotypes were found, providing evidence for the rapid in vivo diversification of b. pseudomallei after inoculation and systemic spread. | 2014 | 24966357 |
| the coagulation system in melioidosis: from pathogenesis to new treatment strategies. | melioidosis, caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a dreadful disease common in south-east asia and northern australia and is characterized by chronic suppurative lesions and pneumonia. melioidosis may evolve into severe sepsis with multi-organ failure with high mortalities, despite proper antibiotic therapy. besides activation of a strong pro-inflammatory host response, the coagulation system plays an important role during melioidosis, which is thought to be host-p ... | 2014 | 24962103 |
| new insights from the 7th world melioidosis congress 2013. | | 2014 | 24961743 |
| membrane-active mechanism of lfchimera against burkholderia pseudomallei and burkholderia thailandensis. | lfchimera, a construct combining two antimicrobial domains of bovine lactoferrin, lactoferrampin265-284 and lactoferricin17-30, possesses strong bactericidal activity. as yet, no experimental evidence was presented to evaluate the mechanisms of lfchimera against burkholderia isolates. in this study we analyzed the killing activity of lfchimera on the category b pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei in comparison to the lesser virulent burkholderia thailandensis often used as a model for the highly ... | 2014 | 24961697 |
| a data-driven approach to modeling the tripartite structure of multidrug resistance efflux pumps. | many bacterial pathogens are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotic treatments, and a detailed understanding of the molecular basis of antibiotic resistance is critical for the development of next-generation approaches for combating bacterial infections. studies focusing on pathogens have revealed the profile of resistance in these organisms to be due primarily to the presence of multidrug resistance efflux pumps: tripartite protein complexes which span the periplasm bridging the inner an ... | 2015 | 24957790 |
| current antimicrobial susceptibility of first-episode melioidosis burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from the northern territory, australia. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a saprophytic gram-negative bacterium responsible for the tropical infectious disease melioidosis. melioidosis is endemic to northern australia and southeast asia. in this study, 234 isolates of b. pseudomallei obtained from the first positive clinical specimen from 234 consecutive patients diagnosed with melioidosis between october 2009 and september 2012 were reviewed. all isolates were susceptible to meropenem and ceftazidime. in total, 226 isolates (96.6%) were s ... | 2014 | 24924662 |
| accidental exposure to burkholderia pseudomallei in the laboratory in the era of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | | 2014 | 24920780 |
| source-identifying biomarker ions between environmental and clinical burkholderia pseudomallei using whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms). | burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, which is an endemic disease in northeast thailand and northern australia. environmental reservoirs, including wet soils and muddy water, serve as the major sources for contributing bacterial infection to both humans and animals. the whole-cell matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (whole-cell maldi-tof ms) has recently been applied as a rapid, accurate, and high-throughput tool for clinical di ... | 2014 | 24914956 |
| the chemical arsenal of burkholderia pseudomallei is essential for pathogenicity. | increasing evidence has shown that small-molecule chemistry in microbes (i.e., secondary metabolism) can modulate the microbe-host response in infection and pathogenicity. the bacterial disease melioidosis is conferred by the highly virulent, antibiotic-resistant pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei (bp). whereas some macromolecular structures have been shown to influence bp virulence (e.g., secretion systems, cellular capsule, pili), the role of the large cryptic secondary metabolome encoded with ... | 2014 | 24884988 |
| the concentrations of ambient burkholderia pseudomallei during typhoon season in endemic area of melioidosis in taiwan. | melioidosis is a severe bacterial infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei with a high case-fatality rate. epidemiological and animal studies show the possibility of inhalation transmission. however, no b. pseudomallei concentrations in ambient air have been researched. here, we developed a method to quantify ambient b. pseudomallei and then measured concentrations of ambient b. pseudomallei during the typhoon season and the non-typhoon season to determine the factors influencing ambient b. ... | 2014 | 24874950 |
| proteomic analysis of the burkholderia pseudomallei type ii secretome reveals hydrolytic enzymes, novel proteins, and the deubiquitinase tssm. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis, is an opportunistic pathogen that harbors a wide array of secretion systems, including a type ii secretion system (t2ss), three type iii secretion systems (t3ss), and six type vi secretion systems (t6ss). the proteins exported by these systems provide b. pseudomallei with a growth advantage in vitro and in vivo, but relatively little is known about the full repertoire of exoproducts associated with each system. in this study, we cons ... | 2014 | 24866793 |
| analysis of the prevalence, secretion and function of a cell cycle-inhibiting factor in the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. | enteropathogenic and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli express a cell cycle-inhibiting factor (cif), that is injected into host cells via a type iii secretion system (t3ss) leading to arrest of cell division, delayed apoptosis and cytoskeletal rearrangements. a homologue of cif has been identified in burkholderia pseudomallei (chbp; cif homologue in b. pseudomallei; bpss1385), which shares catalytic activity, but its prevalence, secretion and function are ill-defined. among 43 available b. pse ... | 2014 | 24809950 |
| porin involvement in cephalosporin and carbapenem resistance of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bps) is a gram-negative bacterium that causes frequently lethal melioidosis, with a particularly high prevalence in the north and northeast of thailand. bps is highly resistant to many antimicrobial agents and this resistance may result from the low drug permeability of outer membrane proteins, known as porins. | 2014 | 24788109 |
| clinical features of diabetes mellitus cases complicated by burkholderia pseudomallei septicemia. | the aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of diabetes mellitus patients with burkholderia pseudomallei septicemia and evaluate strategies of diagnosis and treatment. the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of 39 diabetes mellitus patients with b. pseudomallei septicemia were retrospectively analyzed. farmers, fishermen and workers were found to be high-risk groups. the clinical manifestations of patients were diverse without specific features, bu ... | 2014 | 24782168 |
| melioidosis :an emerging infection in india. | melioidosis caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic in southeast asia but may be under-diagnosed and under-reported in the indian subcontinent. this study was undertaken to analyse the clinical presentation and epidemiological risk factors for melioidosis in india. | 2013 | 24772696 |
| sulphonylurea usage in melioidosis is associated with severe disease and suppressed immune response. | melioidosis is a problem in the developing tropical regions of southeast asia and northern australia where the the gram negative saprophytic bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei is endemic with the risk of fulminant septicaemia. while diabetes mellitus is a well-established risk factor for melioidiosis, little is known if specific hypoglycemic agents may differentially influence the susceptibility and clinical course of infection with b. pseudomallei (bp). | 2014 | 24762472 |
| growth, motility and resistance to oxidative stress of the melioidosis pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei are enhanced by epinephrine. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a severe invasive disease endemic in south-east asia and northern australia. bacterial pathogens of several genera have been reported to be able to sense and respond to the stress-related catecholamine hormone epinephrine. here, we report that epinephrine induces growth of b. pseudomallei in minimal serum-rich medium and heat-inactivated whole human serum and enhances bacterial motility, transcription of flagellar genes and flagellin synthesis. the e ... | 2014 | 24753312 |
| a high-content imaging assay for the quantification of the burkholderia pseudomallei induced multinucleated giant cell (mngc) phenotype in murine macrophages. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp), a gram-negative, motile, facultative intracellular bacterium is the causative agent of melioidosis in humans and animals. the bp genome encodes a repertoire of virulence factors, including the cluster 3 type iii secretion system (t3ss-3), the cluster 1 type vi secretion system (t6ss-1), and the intracellular motility protein bima, that enable the pathogen to invade both phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. a unique hallmark of bp infection both in vitro and in viv ... | 2014 | 24750902 |
| enhanced intracellular survival and epithelial cell adherence abilities of burkholderia pseudomallei morphotypes are dependent on differential expression of virulence-associated proteins during mid-logarithmic growth phase. | colony morphology variation is a characteristic of burkholderia pseudomallei primary clinical isolates, associated with variations in expression of virulence factors. here, we performed comparative investigations on adhesion, invasion, plaque-forming abilities and protein profiles of b. pseudomallei wild-type (wt) and a small colony variant (scv). the percentage of scv adherence to a549 cells was significantly higher (2.73%) than wt (1.91%). in contrast, wt was significantly more efficient (0.63 ... | 2014 | 24742602 |
| two fatal cases of melioidosis on the thai-myanmar border. | melioidosis is endemic in areas of southeast asia, however, there are no published reports from the thai-myanmar border. we report the first two documented cases of fatal melioidosis in this region. this is of great public health importance and highlights the need to both increase clinical awareness of melioidosis on the thai-myanmar border, and to assess the true burden of disease in the area through improved case detection and burkholderia pseudomallei prevalence studies. | 2014 | 24715973 |
| bone marrow-derived macrophages from balb/c and c57bl/6 mice fundamentally differ in their respiratory chain complex proteins, lysosomal enzymes and components of antioxidant stress systems. | macrophages are essential components of the innate immune system and crucial for pathogen elimination in early stages of infection. we previously observed that bone marrow-derived macrophages (bmms) from c57bl/6 mice exhibited increased killing activity against burkholderia pseudomallei compared to bmms from balb/c mice. this effect was particularly pronounced when cells were treated with ifn-γ. to unravel mechanisms that could explain these distinct bactericidal effects, a comparative combined ... | 2014 | 24704164 |
| genetic control of weight loss during pneumonic burkholderia pseudomallei infection. | burkholderia pseudomallei (bp) is the causal agent of a high-morbidity/mortality disease syndrome known as melioidosis. this syndrome can range from acute fulminate disease to chronic, local, and disseminated infections that are often difficult to treat because bp exhibits resistance to many antibiotics. bp is a prime candidate for use in biologic warfare/terrorism and is classified as a tier-1 select agent by hhs and aphis. it is known that inbred mouse strains display a range of susceptibility ... | 2014 | 24687986 |
| reactivation of latent melioidosis presenting with acute pyelonephritis and bacteremia. | we report an interesting case involving an 81-year-old male patient who presented to our hospital with sepsis secondary to pyelonephritis and bacteremia. blood cultures were positive for a gram-negative bacillus, burkholderia pseudomallei. his risk factors were diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease including travel to an endemic area. the patient received antibiotic therapy in accordance with the national guidelines. this is the first report of reactivation of latent melioidosis in the ... | 2014 | 24678468 |
| subcutaneous surprise. | melioidosis is a zoonosis caused by the accidental pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei, which is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. the mortality of melioidosis is 20-50% even with treatment. suppurative lymphadenitis caused by melioidosis has been rarely encountered by clinicians practicing in endemic areas. in the majority of previously described patients, the infected lymph nodes were in the head and neck region, except for four patients who presented with unilateral, inguinal l ... | 2014 | 24669344 |
| distribution of burkholderia pseudomallei in northern australia, a land of diversity. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative soil bacillus that is the etiological agent of melioidosis and a biothreat agent. little is known about the biogeography of this bacterium in australia, despite its hyperendemicity in the northern region of this continent. the population structure of 953 australian b. pseudomallei strains representing 779 and 174 isolates of clinical and environmental origins, respectively, was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). bayesian population stru ... | 2014 | 24657869 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei type g in western hemisphere. | burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from the western hemisphere are difficult to differentiate from those from regions in which melioidosis is traditionally endemic. we used internal transcribed spacer typing to determine that b. pseudomallei isolates from the western hemisphere are consistently type g. knowledge of this relationship might be useful for epidemiologic investigations. | 2014 | 24655932 |
| [melioidosis, first four cases in iceland]. | we report the first four cases of melioidosis treated in iceland and review the literature. melioidosis is caused by the saprophytic gram negative bacteria burkholderia pseudomallei. most disease occurs in residents of southeast-asia and north-australia. the most common presentation of melioidosis is pneumonia but as these cases demonstrate the infection has protean manifestations and b. pseudomallei can infect nearly every organ. it is important to notify the laboratory of the possibilty of mel ... | 2014 | 24639431 |
| treatment and prophylaxis of melioidosis. | melioidosis, infection with burkholderia pseudomallei, is being recognised with increasing frequency and is probably more common than currently appreciated. treatment recommendations are based on a series of clinical trials conducted in thailand over the past 25 years. treatment is usually divided into two phases: in the first, or acute phase, parenteral drugs are given for ≥10 days with the aim of preventing death from overwhelming sepsis; in the second, or eradication phase, oral drugs are giv ... | 2014 | 24613038 |
| septicemic melioidosis: a case report and literature review. | this report was about a 22-year-old male patient who died from acute and severe septicemic melioidosis. he was initially misdiagnosed as having pneumonia in a local hospital in hainan but transferred to guangzhou red cross hospital after ineffective treatment and detection of burkholderia pseudomallei in his blood sample. unfortunately, right diagnosis and antibiotic treatment of melioidosis had been delayed so that his condition deteriorated rapidly out of control. the victim's death highlights ... | 2014 | 24605237 |
| acute pulmonary melioidosis in a child: a case report and review of literature. | melioidosis is a rare potentially fatal infection caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, which is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia and an emerging pathogen in india. it is a largely under-diagnosed disease and an imitator of tuberculosis, both clinically and radiologically. | 2013 | 24604934 |
| comparative burkholderia pseudomallei natural history virulence studies using an aerosol murine model of infection. | melioidosis is an endemic disease caused by the bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei. concerns exist regarding b. pseudomallei use as a potential bio-threat agent causing persistent infections and typically manifesting as severe pneumonia capable of causing fatal bacteremia. development of suitable therapeutics against melioidosis is complicated due to high degree of genetic and phenotypic variability among b. pseudomallei isolates and lack of data establishing commonly accepted strains for compa ... | 2014 | 24603493 |
| bpss1504, a cluster 1 type vi secretion gene, is involved in intracellular survival and virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative rod and the causative agent of melioidosis, an emerging infectious disease of tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. b. pseudomallei harbors a remarkable number of virulence factors, including six type vi secretion systems (t6ss). using our previously described plaque assay screening system, we identified a b. pseudomallei transposon mutant defective in the bpss1504 gene that showed reduced plaque formation. the bpss1504 locus is encoded within t6s ... | 2014 | 24595140 |
| thoracic melioidosis: a diagnostic dilemma. | the diagnosis of melioidosis can be difficult, and it is frequently described as "the great mimicker". we report a case of thoracic melioidosis presenting as a mediastinal mass with impending superior vena cava obstruction. with the presumptive diagnosis of mediastinal tumor, the patient underwent surgery for tissue sampling, and a purulent collection was found. the clinical syndromes of melioidosis and the diagnostic dilemma are discussed. | 2015 | 24585290 |
| pathogenesis of percutaneous infection of goats with burkholderia pseudomallei: clinical, pathologic, and immunological responses in chronic melioidosis. | melioidosis is a severe suppurative to granulomatous infection caused by burkholderia pseudomallei. the disease is endemic to south-east asia and northern australasia and is also of interest as a potential biological weapon. natural infection can occur by percutaneous inoculation, inhalation or ingestion, but the relative importance of each route is unknown. experimental infection models using mice have shown inhalation to be the most lethal route of exposure, but few studies have examined the p ... | 2014 | 24571408 |
| wound healing activity and mechanisms of action of an antibacterial protein from the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake (crotalus adamanteus). | basic phospholipase a2 was identified from the venom of the eastern diamondback rattlesnake. the crotalus adamanteus toxin-ii (catx-ii) induced bactericidal effects (7.8 µg/ml) on staphylococcus aureus, while on burkholderia pseudomallei (khw), and enterobacter aerogenes were killed at 15.6 µg/ml. catx-ii caused pore formation and membrane damaging effects on the bacterial cell wall. catx-ii was not cytotoxic on lung (mrc-5), skin fibroblast (hepk) cells and in mice. catx-ii-treated mice showed ... | 2014 | 24551028 |
| whitmore's disease: an uncommon urological presentation. | the incidence of prostatic abscesses has much decreased in the antibiotic era. we present an uncommon cause of prostatic abscess secondary to melioidosis, also known as whitmore's disease or pseudoglanders. the disease is endemic in south east asia and australia. although india is considered endemic for burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative organism of melioidosis, not many cases have been reported. most of the reported cases from india are from the south-west coastal regions of kerala and ka ... | 2014 | 24518392 |
| colonization or spontaneous resolution: expanding the role for burkholderia pseudomallei. | a 19-year-old asian indian female presented with productive cough since the past one month and low grade fever since the past two weeks. she was diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis and treated with antitubercular drugs. subsequently, delayed cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid grew burkholderia pseudomallei (b. pseudomallei). on follow up the patient reported significant subjective improvement and esr progressively returned to normal. in summary, this case report raises two distinct and e ... | 2014 | 24507650 |
| in vitro activity of ceftaroline against burkholderia pseudomallei. | | 2014 | 24505090 |
| structural characterization of polysaccharides expressed by burkholderia oklahomensis e0147. | burkholderia oklahomensis e0147 is a us isolated bacterium believed to express a similar o-antigen to type a structure of the highly pathogenic species, burkholderia pseudomallei. both species are genetically closely related. lipopolysaccharide was collected from e0147 and structurally characterized to test this hypothesis. glycosyl composition and linkage analyses in conjunction with 1d and 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy showed that the o-antigen was a repeating disaccharide with the follow ... | 2014 | 24491843 |
| recurrent melioidosis in the darwin prospective melioidosis study: improving therapies mean that relapse cases are now rare. | the darwin prospective melioidosis study has documented 785 melioidosis cases over 23 years. recurrent melioidosis occurred in 39/679 (5.7%) patients surviving initial infection; 29 patients suffered relapse of the original infection, and 10 presented with a new burkholderia pseudomallei infection. with improved therapy, relapse has become rare in recent years. | 2014 | 24478504 |
| the serine protease inhibitor ecotin is required for full virulence of burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram negative soil saprophyte that causes the disease melioidosis where clinical symptoms can vary from localised infection to pneumonia and septic shock. ecotin is a potent periplasmic serine protease inhibitor first identified in escherichia coli. ecotin, although present in only a small subset of genera, can inhibit a broad range of serine proteases including those typically associated with the innate immune system such as neutrophil elastase and cathepsin g. an ... | 2014 | 24462575 |
| melioidosis of salivary glands with coexisting diabetes: management of a difficult case. | melioidosis is an infectious disease caused by the gram-negative bacillus burkholderia pseudomallei. melioidosis is endemic in southeast asia and northern australia. an important risk factor for the development of melioidosis is the presence of diabetes mellitus, which may increase the relative risk of infection by as much as 100-fold. we report a rare case of melioidosis of the parotid and submandibular gland with coexisting diabetes. this was successfully managed conservatively with intravenou ... | 2014 | 24452899 |
| vgrg-5 is a burkholderia type vi secretion system-exported protein required for multinucleated giant cell formation and virulence. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) has emerged as a critical virulence factor for the group of closely related burkholderia spp. that includes burkholderia pseudomallei, b. mallei, and b. thailandensis. while the genomes of these bacteria, referred to as the bptm group, appear to encode several t6sss, we and others have shown that one of these, type vi secretion system 5 (t6ss-5), is required for virulence in mammalian infection models. despite its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the bptm g ... | 2014 | 24452686 |
| melioidosis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei in drinking water, thailand, 2012. | we identified 10 patients in thailand with culture-confirmed melioidosis who had burkholderia pseudomallei isolated from their drinking water. the multilocus sequence type of b. pseudomallei from clinical specimens and water samples were identical for 2 patients. this finding suggests that drinking water is a preventable source of b. pseudomallei infection. | 2014 | 24447771 |
| burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in 2 pet iguanas, california, usa. | burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, was isolated from abscesses of 2 pet green iguanas in california, usa. the international trade in iguanas may contribute to importation of this pathogen into countries where it is not endemic and put persons exposed to these animals at risk for infection. | 2014 | 24447394 |
| physicochemical factors affecting the growth of burkholderia pseudomallei in soil microcosm. | burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, the third most common cause of death from infectious diseases in northeast thailand. four physicochemical factors were set so that their values covered the range of the northeast, which is an endemic area. the soil ph was set at ph 4-10, soil salinity was 0.0-5.0% nacl, total iron was 50-150 mg/kg soil, and carbon to nitrogen ratio (c/n) was 10:1 to 40:1. the experiments were carried out at 37°c, and soil moisture was maintained for 7 days. the numbe ... | 2014 | 24445210 |
| alteration of the phenotypic and pathogenic patterns of burkholderia pseudomallei that persist in a soil environment. | melioidosis is caused by the soil-borne pathogen burkholderia pseudomallei. to investigate whether the distinct phenotypic and virulent characteristics result from environmental adaptations in the soil or from the host body, two pairs of isogenic strains were generated by passages in soil or mice. after cultivation in soil, the levels of 3-hydroxytetradecanoic acid, biofilm formation, flagellar expression, and ultrastructure were altered in the bacteria. uniformly fatal melioidosis developed as ... | 2014 | 24445207 |
| chronic suppurative joint effusion due to burkholderia pseudomallei: a case report. | burkholderia pseudomallei, a gram-negative bacillus is the causative agent of melioidosis, a glanders-like disease, primarily a disease of animals. melioidosis has been only a rare and sporadic disease in humans outside its endemic region. currently, diagnosis of b. pseudomallei in the clinical laboratory is very difficult, owing to low awareness of physicians to the nonspecific clinical manifestations, lack of responsiveness among microbiologists outside endemic areas, identification systems in ... | 2014 | 24441249 |
| uncommon clinical presentations of melioidosis in children: 2 cases with sore throat and 1 case with urticarial rash. | common clinical presentations of melioidosis in children include suppurative parotitis, lymphadenitis, skin infection and septicemia with pneumonia. here we describe three cases with uncommon presentations of melioidosis seen among children attending a university hospital in northeastern thailand. two patients presented with pharyngitis and subsequently developed cervical lymphadenitis. another patient presented with high fever and generalized urticarial rash. a pharyngeal culture in each of the ... | 2013 | 24437321 |
| osteomyelitis and septic arthritis from infection with burkholderia pseudomallei: a 20-year prospective melioidosis study from northern australia. | the gram-negative organism, burkholderia pseudomallei, is responsible for the disease melioidosis. septic arthritis and osteomyelitis due to b. pseudomallei are rare but recognised presentations of the disease. | 2013 | 24403756 |
| mice lacking the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin are protected against melioidosis. | thrombomodulin is a multidomain receptor primarily expressed by vascular endothelium. the lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin has anti-inflammatory properties. in this study, we investigated the role of the thrombomodulin lectin-like domain in the host response to gram-negative sepsis caused by burkholderia pseudomallei, a "tier 1" biothreat agent and the causative agent of melioidosis, a common form of community-acquired sepsis in southeast asia. | 2014 | 24399241 |
| common tlr1 genetic variation is not associated with death from melioidosis, a common cause of sepsis in rural thailand. | melioidosis, infection caused by the gram-negative bacterium burkholderia pseudomallei, is a common cause of sepsis in northeast thailand. in white north americans, common functional genetic variation in tlr1 is associated with organ failure and death from sepsis. we hypothesized that tlr1 variants would be associated with outcomes in thais with melioidosis. we collated the global frequencies of three tlr1 variants that are common in white north american populations: rs5743551 (-7202a/g), rs4833 ... | 2014 | 24392083 |
| a multiplex nested pcr for the simultaneous detection of salmonella typhi, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and burkholderia pseudomallei in patients with pyrexia of unknown origin (puo) in vellore, south india. | salmonella typhi, mycobacterium tuberculosis, and burkholderia pseudomallei are among the most important monocyte-tropic bacterial agents causing pyrexia of unknown origin (puo), with a significant number of endemic infections in both south and southeast asian regions. these infections pose a major risk to travelers to these regions as well. | 2014 | 24385404 |
| discovery of inhibitors of burkholderia pseudomallei methionine aminopeptidase with antibacterial activity. | evaluation of a series of metap inhibitors in an in vitro enzyme activity assay led to the first identification of potent molecules that show significant growth inhibition against burkholderia pseudomallei. nitroxoline analogs show excellent inhibition potency in the bpmetap1 enzyme activity assay with the lowest ic50 of 30 nm, and inhibit the growth of b. pseudomallei and b. thailandensis at concentrations ≥ 31 μm. | 2013 | 24376907 |
| activation of nadph oxidase is essential, but not sufficient, in controlling intracellular multiplication of burkholderia pseudomallei in primary human monocytes. | burkholderia pseudomallei is a gram-negative intracellular bacterium and the causative agent of melioidosis. innate immune mechanisms against this pathogen, which might contribute to outcomes of melioidosis, are little known. we demonstrated here that b. pseudomallei could activate nadph oxidase in primary human monocytes as judged by production of reactive oxygen species (ros) and p40(phox) phosphorylation after infection. however, as similar to other intracellular bacteria, this bacterium was ... | 2014 | 24376210 |
| a case of mycotic aneurysm due to burkholderia pseudomallei. | burkholderia pseudomallei is an free-living gram-negative bacterium causing melioidosis and is endemic in southeast asia. a 56-year-old diabetic construction worker with a 1-month history of abdominal pain and 1-day history of high-grade fever was found to have a left non-dissecting infrarenal mycotic aortic aneurysm by abdominal computerized tomography scan. bacteriological examination of his blood yielded burkholderia pseudomallei. the patient was treated with right axillo-bifemoral bypass wit ... | 2013 | 24353601 |