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cloning and further sequence analysis of the orf3 gene of wild- and attenuated-type porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses.the open reading frame (orf3) genes of the parent dr13, attenuated dr13, kped-9, p-5v, and 12 field samples were cloned and sequenced to further explore the functions of wild- and attenuated-type porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedvs). sequencing revealed that wild-type pedvs orf3 genes had a single orf of 675 nucleotides encoding a protein of 224 amino acids with a predicted m (r) of 25.1-25.3 kda. attenuated-type pedvs orf3 genes had a single orf of 624 nucleotides encoding a protein of 207 ...200817932736
in vitro inhibition of coronavirus replications by the traditionally used medicinal herbal extracts, cimicifuga rhizoma, meliae cortex, coptidis rhizoma, and phellodendron cortex.a search for new anti-coronaviral drugs to treat coronaviral infections was motivated by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars).200818036887
the gprlqpy motif located at the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein induces antibodies that neutralize porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is the main surface glycoprotein involved in virus attachment and entry and therefore is the target of neutralizing antibodies. here, the immunogenicity of a novel antigenic domain found on the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein characterized by the peptide motif gprlqpy, was evaluated. a synthetic peptide whose linear sequence is identical to the 24a.a. carboxy-terminal portion of the spike protein (s-ct24) elicited a strong antibody respo ...200818067984
spike protein region (aa 636789) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is essential for induction of neutralizing antibodies.to analyze antigenic structure of the spike (s) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the gene encoding its major immunodominant region s1 was amplified by pcr. we prepared four truncated s1 proteins spanning the entire s1 domain fused to gst protein. to identify the most important antigenic region of s1, the truncated s1-gst fusion proteins were examined for their ability to react with immune serum against pedv and to elicit the formation of neutralization antibodies in immunized a ...200718076304
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of membrane protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates in china.six porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedvs) were isolated from the fecal samples of piglets infected with pedv in 2006 in china. the membrane (m) protein genes of six pedv isolates were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), then cloned, sequenced, and compared with each other as well as those ten pedv reference strains. the m protein genes of six chinese pedv isolates consisted of 692 nucleotides containing a single open reading frame (orf) of 681 nucleotides, ...200818214664
epidemic of diarrhoea caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in italy.there was an epidemic of diarrhoea affecting pigs of all ages in italy between may 2005 and june 2006. in 63 herds the cause was confirmed as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus by electron microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, pcr and serology. watery diarrhoea without mucus and blood was usually associated with a reduction of feed consumption. in farrowing-to-weaning herds, diarrhoea affected the sows and suckling piglets, and the mortality in newborn piglets was up to 34 per cent. in growers an ...200818326842
identification of two novel b cell epitopes on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein.s1d (residues 636-789) is a neutralizing epitope region on the spike protein (s) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). to accurately identify epitopes on s1d, the s1-phage library containing the gene encoding the s1d region of pedv s protein was micropanned by six specific monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against the s1d region. these micropanned epitope regions (mer) were focused on 696-779 amino acids of the s protein. to further map epitopes of the mer, seven overlapping mini-fragments cove ...200818400422
rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.a rapid detection assay based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) has been developed for detecting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the rt-lamp assay utilized a set of six primers to amplify the open reading frame 6 (orf6) of the prrsv. the amplified products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis or visualized by colorimetric method. the results demonstrated that the rt-lamp assay detected all 22 different prrsv isolates, h ...200918926852
antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the predominant cause of severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine. the lack of effective therapeutical treatment underlines the importance of research for new antivirals. in this study, we identified q7r, which actively inhibited pedv replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of 0.014 microg/ml. the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (cc(50)) of q7r was over 100 microg/ml and the derived therapeutic index was 7142. several structural analogu ...200918992773
escherichia coli expressing single-chain fv on the cell surface as a potential prophylactic of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a causative agent of severe diarrhea which leads to death in piglets. because of the high mortality which is up to 100% in suckling piglets, ped is an important porcine disease in korea. in this study, we developed a prophylactic candidate using single-chain fvs to prevent the pedv infection. scfvs of mouse monoclonal antibody which was verified to neutralize pedv was expressed in escherichia coli expression system. after the confirmation of pedv neutral ...200919428826
multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections.multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ...200919467264
comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rt-pcr for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhoea (ped) is a contagious enteric disease of pigs caused by a coronavirus. a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) based on the use of monoclonal antibodies was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv). the das-elisa was compared with rt-pcr in the examination of 506 specimens collected during 2006-2007 from pigs originating from different farms located in the po valley. both faecal samples obtained directly fr ...201019501378
chinese-like strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, thailand.since late 2007, several outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection have emerged in thailand. phylogenetic analysis places all thai pedv isolates during the outbreaks in the same clade as the chinese strain js-2004-2. this new genotype pedv is prevailing and currently causing sporadic outbreaks in thailand.200919624933
[porcine aminopeptidase n is a functional receptor for the pedv coronavirus].porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets that leads to great economic losses in east asia. it was reported that aminopeptidase n (apn) was the receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and feline coronavirus (fecov) which all belonged to group i coronavirus including pedv. it was also confirmed previously that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) could bind to pedv, and anti-papn antibodies could inhibit the combination ...200919634766
contribution of the porcine aminopeptidase n (cd13) receptor density to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which belong to group 1 coronaviruses, are important viral pathogens in pigs causing lethal diarrhea. as with the other members in the group 1, theses viruses are also known to use the host aminopeptidase n (apn) as the major receptor for cell entry. remarkably, it was found that they utilize distinct cultured cell lines for in vitro virus propagation, since pedv could not be replicated in swine testis (st) ce ...201020074871
heterogeneity in spike protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in korea.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has plagued the domestic swine industry in korea causing significant economic impacts on pig production nationwide. in the present study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the spike (s) glycoprotein genes of seven korean pedv isolates. the entire s genes of all isolates were found to be nine nucleotides longer in length than other pedv reference strains. this size difference was due to the combined presence of notable 15 bp insertion and 6 ...201020132850
multiplex nested rt-pcr for the detection of porcine enteric viruses.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prv-a) are major viruses causing enteric diseases of piglets. a multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex nested rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of these viruses in field samples from piglets with diarrhea. a mixture of (1) three external pairs of primers, yielding in the amplification step two different amplicons with sizes of 950 bp and 31 ...201020170679
trypsin-induced hemagglutination activity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.the hemagglutination (ha) activity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was investigated. two cell-adapted strains of pedv (kpedv-9 and sm98lvec) were subjected to ha test against erythrocytes of various origin. both strains showed ha activity with rabbit erythrocytes only after treatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. optimal conditions for inducing ha activity of pedv were 2 h incubation at 37 degrees c using phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% bsa. these results suggest that the ha ...201020217154
isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8.investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ...201020362007
molecular epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in china.since early 2006, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been reemerging in immunized swine herds. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. the entire orf3 genes of 12 pedv field strains and one vaccine strain were sequenced. the orf3 genes of chinese pedv field strains (excluding ch/gsjiii/07) contain a single 672- or 675-nucleotide (nt) orf, which encodes a 223- or 224-aa-long peptide. however, the cv777 vaccine strain and ch/gsjiii/07 contain a 276-nt orf ...201020544234
mixed infections with chlamydia and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - a new in vitro model of chlamydial persistence.chlamydiae induce persistent infections, which have been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases in humans and animals. mixed infections with chlamydia and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) may result in generation of persistent chlamydial infections. to test this hypothesis, an in vitro model of dual infection with cell culture-adapted pedv and chlamydia abortus or chlamydia pecorum in vero cells was established.201020663197
loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies and gene-deleted virus vaccines.a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed specifically for detection and differentiation of pseudorabies virus (prv). one group of primers was designed to detect wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the ge gene) and the other group of primers was designed to detect both prv ge-vaccine and wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the gg gene and with or without the ge gene). after amplification by bst enzyme at a constant temperature of 65 degrees c, a laddering of bright ...201020691214
medicinal herbal extracts of sophorae radix, acanthopanacis cortex, sanguisorbae radix and torilis fructus inhibit coronavirus replication in vitro.cimicifuga rhizome, meliae cortex, coptidis rhizome and phellodendron cortex have been previously shown to exhibit anti-coronavirus activity. here, an additional 19 traditional medicinal herbal extracts were evaluated for antiviral activities in vitro.201020710051
impact of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection at different periods of pregnancy on subsequent reproductive performance in gilts and sows.reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a swine commercial herd following an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) were investigated. a pedv outbreak was observed in march 2008 in a swine herd in thailand. the disease was diagnosed by clinical symptoms, gross and histopathology and viral detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. the intestines of the infected piglets were collected, minced and fed to all of the gilts and sows within 2 weeks after t ...201020727693
antioxidative and antiviral properties of flowering cherry fruits (prunus serrulata l. var. spontanea).the phenolic compounds of many fruits have been known to be efficient cellular protective antioxidants. in this study, antioxidative and antiviral properties of flowering cherry cultivars (prunus yedoensis, prunus sargentii, prunus lannesiana, and prunus cerasus) in korea were investigated. the antioxidant property was assayed for specific activities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) hydroxy radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity, and superoxide dismutase (sod) like ac ...201020821824
enhanced cell fusion activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus adapted to suckling mice.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the major causative agent of fatal diarrhea in piglets. to study the pathogenic features of pedv using a mouse model, pedv with virulence in mice is required. in pursuit of this, we adapted a tissue-culture-passed pedv mk strain to suckling mouse brains. pedv obtained after ten passages through the brains (mk-p10) had increased virulence for mice, and its fusion activity in cultured cells exceeded that of the original strain. however, the replication kin ...201020827493
development of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus m protein-based elisa for virus detection.a membrane (m), protein-based elisa was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the m gene of pedv was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant m protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate a polyclonal antibody. immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the anti-pedv-m antibody reacted with pedv-infected cells. the antibody was utilized to develop an indirect elisa to detect pedv. other viruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, avian in ...201020882317
reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus.transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, and sensitive detection methods are required for preventing the disease. in this article, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed to detect tgev. three pairs of primers targeting the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tgev were synthesized and used in the rt-lamp. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were evaluated. our results sh ...201021127872
expression of a cholera toxin b subunit-neutralizing epitope of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fusion gene in transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.).transgenic plants have been used as a safe and economic expression system for the production of edible vaccines. a synthetic cholera toxin b subunit gene (ctb) was fused with a synthetic neutralizing epitope gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (sctb-scoe), and the sctb-scoe fusion gene was introduced into a plant expression vector under the control of the ubiquitin promoter. this plant expression vector was transformed into lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using the agrobacterium-mediated tra ...201021153716
porcine kobuvirus from pig stool in korea.to survey for porcine kobuvirus infection, a total of 119 pig fecal samples in korea were collected from three pig farms with good breeding facilities in three provinces. forty-three (36.1%) of the fecal samples tested were positive for porcine kobuvirus. in addition, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infections were not identified in any of the fecal samples, but porcine group a rotavirus (gar) infection was identified in 11.8% (14/119) of the ...201021161358
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) field isolates in korea.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused enteric disease with devastating impact since the first identification of pedv in 1992 in korea. in this study, we investigated molecular epidemiology, showed genetic diversity, and analyzed phylogenetic relationships of korean pedv field isolates with other pedv reference strains. genetic analysis of the complete m and orf3 genes showed that each pedv group had several unique characteristics, and this indicated that specific groups of pedvs may ...201121210162
development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). six primers were designed to amplify the nucleocapsid (n) gene of pedv. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were investigated. the results showed that the optimal reaction condition for rt-lamp amplifying pedv n gene was achieved at 63°c for 50 min. the rt-lamp assay was more sensitive than gel-based rt-pcr and en ...201121286798
[isolation and characteristics of virus culture of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ljb/03].porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) ljb/03 strain was isolated from the feces of piglets suspected to be suffering from a severe diarrhea in heilongjiang province, and was identified by immunofluorescence test, immunelectronmicroscopy, rt-pcr and indirect elisa assay. characteristics of the virus culture and the methods of improvement of virus titer were explored. the results showed that the virus had the typical appearance of the coronavirus. analysis of the nucleotide sequences of rt-pcr pr ...201021344754
specific, simple and rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). it has caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws.201121414233
differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n protein using a virus-based elisa.the bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) was used as immunogen to generate a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody. the immunoreactivity of the protein to the antibody was confirmed by western blot analysis. using prrsv, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus as coating antigens, a virus-based elisa was established. the polyclonal antibody ...201121529294
mutations in the spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus associated with growth adaptation in vitro and attenuation of virulence in vivo.previously, we have reported that a serial passage of 83p-5 strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in vero cells resulted in a growth adaptation of the virus in cultured cells at the 22nd passage. in this study, we further maintained the 83p-5 in vero cells up to the 100th passage and analyzed changes in the spike (s), membrane (m), and nucleocapsid (n) gene sequences and pathogenicity of the virus at the 34th, 61st, and 100th passage levels. sequence analyses revealed a strong selecti ...201121559974
role of proteases in the release of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from infected cells.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a causative agent of pig diarrhea, requires protease(s) for multicycle replication in cultured cells. however, the potential role of proteases in the infection process remains unclear. in order to explore this, we used two different approaches: we infected either vero cells in the presence of trypsin or vero cells that constitutively express the membrane-associated protease tmprss2 (vero/tmprss2). we found that the pedv infection was enhanced, and viruses ...201121613395
receptor-bound porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein cleaved by trypsin induces membrane fusion.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection in vero cells is facilitated by trypsin through an undefined mechanism. the present study describes the mode of action of trypsin in enhancing pedv infection in vero cells during different stage of the virus life cycle. during the viral entry stage, trypsin increased the penetration of vero-cell-attached pedv by approximately twofold. however, trypsin treatment of viruses before receptor binding did not enhance infectivity, indicating that recepto ...201121667287
[co-localization analysis between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid protein and nucleolar phosphoprotein b23.1].to elucidate the co-localization characteristic between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) n protein and b23.1 phosphoprotein.201121800627
mutation in the cytoplasmic retrieval signal of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike (s) protein is responsible for enhanced fusion activity.murine-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), mk-p10, shows high neurovirulence and increased fusion activity compared with a non-adapted mk strain. mk-p10 s protein had four mutations relative to the original virus s, and one of these (hôåær at position 1381, h1381r) in the cytoplasmic tail (ct) was suggested to be responsible for the increased fusion activity. to explore this, we examined fusion activity using recombinant s proteins. we expressed and compared the fusion activity of mk ...201121840351
Quercetin 7-rhamnoside reduces porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication via independent pathway of viral induced reactive oxygen species.On the base of our previous study we were observed relevant studies on the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside (Q7R), a flavonoid, won't relate ability of its antioxidant.201121967756
complete genome sequence of a chinese virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain.ch/s is a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain and is used as the virulent strain to evaluate the protection rates of vaccines against pedv infection in china. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ch/s, which may aid in understanding the molecular characteristics of this strain.201121980030
high-level mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by oral administration with lactobacillus-expressed porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) s1 region combined with lactobacillus-expressed n protein.to develop effective mucosal vaccine formulation against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, the dna fragments encoding spike protein immunodominant region s1 and nucleocapsid n of pedv were inserted into ppg1 (surface-displayed) or ppg2 (secretory) plasmids followed by electrotransformation into lactobacillus casei (lc) to yield four recombinant strains: pg1-s1, pg2-s1, pg1-n, and pg2-n. after intragastric administration, it was observed that live lc-expressing s1 protein combined ...201122134641
pedv orf3 encodes an ion channel protein and regulates virus production.several studies suggest that the open reading frame 3 (orf3) gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is related to viral infectivity and pathogenicity, but its function remains unknown. here, we propose a structure model of the orf3 protein consisting of four tm domains and forming a tetrameric assembly. orf3 protein can be detected in pedv-infected cells and it functions as an ion channel in both xenopus laevis oocytes and yeast. mutation analysis showed that tyr170 in tm4 is important f ...201222245155
porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus: a comprehensive review of molecular epidemiology, diagnosis, and vaccines.the porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv), a member of the coronaviridae family, causes acute diarrhoea and dehydration in pigs. although it was first identified in europe, it has become increasingly problematic in many asian countries, including korea, china, japan, the philippines, and thailand. the economic impacts of the pedv are substantial, given that it results in significant morbidity and mortality in neonatal piglets and is associated with increased costs related to vaccination and di ...201222270324
complete genome sequence of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variant.in 2011, outbreaks of viral diarrhea were observed on most swine-breeding farms in most of the provinces of china. the disease is characterized by vomiting, severe diarrhea, and a high mortality rate (82.3%) in newborn piglets. the clinical appearance was similar to that of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection. pedvs were detected in samples (feces or small intestines) from most farms. in order to investigate whether there is a pedv variant circulating in china, we sequenced and anal ...201222354946
generation of a mouse scfv library specific for porcine aminopeptidase n using the t7 phage display system.porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) is a common cellular receptor for swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). to investigate single-chain fragment variable (scfv) repertoire against papn, the genes encoding the immunoglobulin light chain variable region (vl) and heavy chain variable region (vh) were amplified by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using a series of degenerate primers from the spleen of babl/c mice immunized with ...201222481024
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) field strains in south china.a total of 127 porcine samples were collected from 48 farms in six provinces in south china. the positive rate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was 43.0 % (55/127), and the co-infection rate of pedv and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) was 12.0 % (15/127). the partial s gene and complete m gene were amplified from pedv-positive strains by rt-pcr, cloned, sequenced and compared with each other, as well as with the reference strains in genbank. sequence homology results of the p ...201222528639
complete genome sequences of a korean virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and its attenuated counterpart.a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain, dr13, was obtained from suckling pigs suspected of having porcine epidemic diarrhea in 1999 in korea, and its attenuated counterpart was derived from virulent strain dr13 by serial propagation in vero cells. this report describes the first complete genome sequences of virulent pedv and its attenuated counterpart, which will provide important insights into the molecular basis of the attenuation of pedv.201222532530
heterogeneity in membrane protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in china.since late 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been re-emerging in immunized swine herds with devastating impact in the hebei province of china. seven prevailing strains of pedv were isolated from fecal samples out of piglets suffering from severe diarrhea. the m gene of the seven pedv isolates encompasses an open reading frame of 681 nucleotides, encoding a protein of 226 amino acids. the seven pedv isolates showed 99.4-99.9 % nucleotide sequence identity and 98.2-99.1 % deduced am ...201222585338
immune responses induced by dna vaccines bearing spike gene of pedv combined with porcine il-18.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea, a highly contagious enteric disease of swine. the spike (s) protein is one of the main structural proteins of pedv capable of inducing neutralizing antibodies in vivo. herein, we generated three distinct dna constructs in the eukaryotic expression plasmid pvax1; one encoding the s protein [pvax1-(pedv-s)], the second encoding the n-terminal fragment (s1) [pvax1-(pedv-s1)] containing potent antigenic sites ...201222643071
immunogenicity of a neutralizing epitope from porcine epidemic diarrhea virus: m cell targeting ligand fusion protein expressed in transgenic rice calli.to increase immune responses of plant-based vaccines in intestine mucosal immune systems, a synthetic neutralizing epitope (scoe) gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was fused with m cell-targeting ligand (co1) and introduced into a plant expression vector under the control of rice amylase 3d promoter. the scoe-co1 fusion gene was introduced into rice calli via the particle bombardment-mediated transformation method. the stable integration and transcriptional expression of the scoe-co ...201222736145
new variants of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, china, 2011.in 2011, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection rates rose substantially in vaccinated swine herds. to determine the distribution profile of pedv outbreak strains, we sequenced the full-length spike gene from samples from 9 farms where animals exhibited severe diarrhea and mortality rates were high. three new pedv variants were identified.201222840964
several enteropathogens are circulating in suckling and newly weaned piglets suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara, cuba.intestinal contents of suckling (n = 45) and newly weaned (n = 45) piglets, suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara in cuba, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens from may to june 2008. at least one enteropathogen was identified in 53.3 % of piglets and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec; 25.6 %) was the major pathogen; mostly sta(+)/stb(+) or f4(+)/sta(+)/stb(+) etec were isolated. the overall occurrence of the rest of pathogens was 10 % for transmis ...201322843242
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) samples from field cases in fujian, china.the outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been a big problem of swine industry in china in recent years. in this study, we investigated molecular diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and protein characterization of fujian field samples with other pedv reference strains. sequence analysis of the s1 and sm genes showed that each sample had unique characteristics, and the sample p55 may be differentiated from the others by the unique deletions and insertions of sm gene. phylogene ...201222843324
complete genome sequence of a highly prevalent isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in south china.a widespread porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) occurred in southern china during 2010 to 2012. a virulent field pedv strain, gd-b, was isolated from a sucking piglet suffering from severe diarrhea in guangdong, china. we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of strain gd-b, which will promote a better understanding of the molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of pedv field isolates in southern china.201222879620
complete genome sequence of a novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in south china.since early 2010, outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) have been observed frequently in immunized swine herds in southern china. the suckling piglets are particularly susceptible to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), with a high mortality rate (90%). recently, a virulent pedv strain, gd-a, was isolated from an immunized-swine breeding farm in guangdong, china. this report describes the complete genome sequence of gd-a, and the data will provide important insights into the variation ...201222923806
complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain aj1102 isolated from a suckling piglet with acute diarrhea in china.a diarrhea outbreak caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been observed in china since december 2010. we report here the complete genome sequence of pedv strain aj1102 isolated from a suckling piglet with acute diarrhea, which will help toward understanding the molecular and evolutionary characteristics of the epidemic pedv in china.201222966198
isolation and characterization of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in china.an outbreak of diarrhea in pigs started in guangdong, south china in january 2011. cases were characterized by watery diarrhea, dehydration and vomiting, with 80-100% morbidity and 50-90% mortality in suckling piglets. the causative agent of the diarrhea was ultimately identified as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). in this study, we isolated a pedv strain designated chgd-01 from piglet intestines using vero cell cultures, and its specific cytopathic effects were confirmed in susceptible c ...201222967434
identification of a conserved linear b-cell epitope in the m protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.the major structural protein of coronaviruses, the membrane (m) protein, can elicit the formation of protective antibodies, but little information is available about the m protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). identification of epitopes on the pedv m protein will be helpful in the elucidation of the antigenic properties of this protein.201223025700
complete genome sequence of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain isolated in china.since october 2010, an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) has been observed in some provinces of china. here we report the complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain lc, which was recently isolated from sucking piglets that suffered from severe watery diarrhea in guangdong. it will help in understanding the epidemiological and molecular characteristics of pedv in china.201223087112
ribavirin efficiently suppresses porcine nidovirus replication.porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) are porcine nidoviruses that represent emerging viral pathogens causing heavy economic impacts on the swine industry. although ribavirin is a well-known antiviral drug against a broad range of both dna and rna viruses in vitro, its inhibitory effect and mechanism of action on porcine nidovirus replication remains to be elucidated. therefore, the present study was conducted to determine whether ...201323108045
construction of recombinant lactobacilli expressing the core neutralizing epitope (coe) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and a fusion protein consisting of coe and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b, and comparison of the immune responses by orogastric immunization.the core neutralizing epitope (coe) region of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) plays an important role in the development of the subunit vaccine against pedv infection. to enhance the vaccine's immunogenicity, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) has usually been adopted as a molecular adjuvant. in this study, the coe and ltb-coe genes were engineered into the lactobacillus -escherichia coli shuttle vectors psapg1 (surface-displaying) and psapg2 (secreting) followed by electrot ...201223145823
phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus field strains prevailing recently in china.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the causative agent of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped), which is characterized by severe diarrhea, dehydration and high mortality in the affected pigs. recently, clinical outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling piglets emerged in pig-producing areas of china. in this study, molecular detection of pedv was conducted using rt-pcr (targeting the m gene) on samples collected from piglets with watery diarrhea from 15 pig farms, and phylogenetic analysis of pedv fie ...201323151819
complete genome sequence of novel porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain gd-1 in china.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, which causes acute diarrhea and dehydration in suckling piglets, has become a serious problem for the swine industry of china in recent years. in this study, a virulent pedv strain, gd-1, was obtained from fecal samples from suckling piglets that suffered from severe diarrhea in 2011 in guangdong, china. here we describe the complete genome sequence of strain gd-1, which may be helpful in further understanding the molecular epidemiology and genet ...201223166239
complete genome sequence of a vero cell-adapted isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in eastern china.in early 2012, a widespread porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) occurred in eastern china. a cell-adapted isolate, sd-m, was at the four-passage level of virulent field strain sd, which was isolated from a 2-day-old dead suckling piglet that had suffered from severe diarrhea in shandong province, china. we report here the complete genome sequence of sd-m. this sequence will promote a better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of pedv.201223166259
complete genome sequence of a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain.in recent years, acute outbreaks of epizootic diarrhea have occurred on many swine farms in china. although the putative causative virus of the disease was not isolated, the genomic sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was consistently detected from feces of diseased pigs by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). here we report a complete genome sequence of pedv which is apparently different from those of early pedv circulated in chinese swine herds.201223166262
neuropathogenesis of a mouse-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection in suckling mice.a mouse-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, mk-p10, showed higher neurovirulence in suckling mice than a non-adapted mk strain. there was no difference in virus growth, whereas clear differences between these two virus infections existed in the type of target cells infected, the spread of virus and the cytokine levels produced in the brain. in the early phase of infection, neurons, astrocytes and neural progenitor cells were infected by mk-p10, whereas neural progenitor cells were the only ...201323239569
epimedium koreanum nakai water extract exhibits antiviral activity against porcine epidermic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes diarrhea of pigs age-independently and death of young piglets, resulting in economic loss of porcine industry. we have screened 333 natural oriental herbal medicines to search for new antiviral candidates against pedv. we found that two herbal extracts, kiom 198 and kiom 124, contain significant anti-ped viral effect. kiom 198 and kiom 124 were identified as epimedium koreanum nakai and lonicera japonica thunberg, respectively. the further plaque and ...201223259003
genetic variation analysis of reemerging porcine epidemic diarrhea virus prevailing in central china from 2010 to 2011.porcine epidemic diarrhea has re-emerged with devastating impact in central china since october 2010. to investigate and analyze the reason of this outbreak, the m and orf3 genes of 15 porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedv), which were collected from different areas of central china during october 2010 and december 2011, were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. sequence analyses showed that the nucleotides and amino acids were changed ...201223269482
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus e protein causes endoplasmic reticulum stress and up-regulates interleukin-8 expression.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an important pathogen in swine and is responsible for substantial economic losses. previous studies suggest that the pedv e protein plays an important role in the viral assembly process. however, the subcellular localization and other functions of pedv e protein still require more research.201323332027
genetic variation of nucleocapsid genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus field strains in china.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) poses a great threat to the chinese swine industry. during 2006-2011, 74.0 % (94/127) of samples from 32 swine-raising farms in 15 provinces were positive for pedv by reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-nested pcr). the sequences of nucleocapsid (n) genes of 32 representative field strains were determined, and the open reading frames (orfs) of these n genes were 1326 nucleotides long. the n gene sequences were found to be more than 95 ...201323381394
sequence and phylogenetic analysis of nucleocapsid genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strains in china.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes acute diarrhea and dehydration with high mortality rates in swine. it has become increasingly problematic in china. since the nucleocapsid (n) protein is highly conserved, it is a candidate protein for early diagnosis and vaccine development. in this study, the n genes of 15 pedv strains were amplified by rt-pcr and cloned into the pmt-19t vector, sequenced, and compared to each other as well as to pedv reference strains. the nucleotide sequences of ...201323389550
molecular epidemiology and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) field isolates in korea.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused devastating enteric disease in korean pig farms since its first identification in 1992 in korea. in the present study, the molecular epidemiology, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic relationship of korean pedv field isolates to other reference strains were analyzed using the complete e gene. genetic analysis showed that each pedv group had several unique characteristics, which indicated that a specific group pedvs may be differentiated from anot ...201323462888
complete genome sequence of a variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain isolated in central china.we report here the complete genome sequence of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain ch/zmdzy/11 isolated from central china. our data, together with sequence data of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) isolates from other parts in china, will help to understand better the epidemiology and genetic diversity of pedv field isolates in china.201323469356
occurrence and investigation of enteric viral infections in pigs with diarrhea in china.between february 2011 and february 2012, 985 and 324 samples were collected from diarrheal and healthy pigs, respectively, to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), porcine kobuvirus (pkov), porcine bocavirus (pbov), porcine group a rotavirus (garv), and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev). pedv and pkov clearly predominated in diarrheal pigs. compared to healthy pigs, a substantial prevalence of mixed infections was observed in diarrheal pigs (72.3 %) (p < 0.001). all of the coin ...201323494226
development of porcine rotavirus vp6 protein based elisa for differentiation of this virus and other viruses.the context and purpose of the study included 1) bacterial expression of viral protein 6 (vp6) of porcine rotavirus (prv) and generation of rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the vp6 protein; 3) establishment of a discrimination elisa to distinguish prv from a panel of other porcine viruses.201323517810
evaluation on the efficacy and immunogenicity of recombinant dna plasmids expressing spike genes from porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pdev) can cause severe diarrhea in pigs. development of effective vaccines against tgev and pedv is one of important prevention measures. the spike (s) protein is the surface glycoprotein of tgev and pedv, which can induce specific neutralization antibodies and is a candidate antigen for vaccination attempts. in this study, the open reading frames of the tgev s1 protein and in addition of the s or s1 proteins ...201323526943
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus n protein prolongs s-phase cell cycle, induces endoplasmic reticulum stress, and up-regulates interleukin-8 expression.porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is an acute and highly contagious enteric disease of swine caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the porcine intestinal epithelial cell is the pedv target cell. in this study, we established a porcine intestinal epithelial cell (iec) line which can stably express pedv n protein. we also investigate the subcellular localization and function of pedv n protein by examining its effects on cell growth, cycle progression, interleukin-8 (il-8) expression, and ...201323562137
the papain-like protease of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus negatively regulates type i interferon pathway by acting as a viral deubiquitinase.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the cause of an economically important swine disease. previous studies suggested that pedv does not elicit a robust ifn response, but the mechanism(s) used to evade or block this innate immune response was not known. in this study, we found that pedv infection blocked synthetic dsrna-induced ifn-β production by interfering with the activation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3). we identified pedv replicase encoded papain-like protease 2 (plp2) as a ...201323596270
complete genome sequence of a recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain from eastern china.a field porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain, js2008, was isolated from stool samples of a piglet with acute diarrhea on a vaccinated farm in eastern china. we sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of strain js2008, which will help increase our understanding of the molecular characteristics of the epidemic pedv in china.201323599287
phylogeny and expression of the nucleocapsid gene of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus.porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) is one of the important pathogens that may cause severe diarrhoea in piglets. in this study, the nucleocapsid (n) gene of a chinese pedv isolate designated hljby was cloned. the phylogeny of pedv strains was investigated by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the n protein sequences. the results indicate that there are two major groups of chinese pedvs, a japanese pedv group and a korean pedv group. high-level expression of the n protein was achieved ...201323661393
epidemiological survey of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine farms in shanghai, china.an epidemiological survey of porcine diarrheal disease prevalence between september 2011 and january 2012 revealed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) contributed to outbreaks of diarrhea in pig farms in shanghai, china. the distribution profile of 10 pedv strains revealed three distinct genotypes coexisting in the same pig farm. two of the ten field strains that were isolated exhibited a distinct evolution from the others. in addition to pedv, other enteric pathogens, including porcine ...201323685898
in vitro antiviral activity of phlorotannins isolated from ecklonia cava against porcine epidemic diarrhea coronavirus infection and hemagglutination.despite the prepdominat agent causing severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine, there are no effective therapeutical treatment of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). in this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of five phlorotannins isolated from ecklonia cava (e. cava) against pedv. in vitro antiviral activity was tested using two different assay strategies: (1) blockage of the binding of virus to cells (simultaneous-treatment assay) and (2) inhibition of viral replication (post-tre ...201323746631
[molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus field strains in central china during 2010-2012 outbreaks].since late 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been re-emerging in central china. to explore the possible reason of the pedv outbreaks, twelve pedv field strains were isolated from different swine breeding farms in central china during 2010-2012, and molecular diversity, phylogenetic relationships of these strains with other pedv reference strains were investigated. sequence analysis of s, m and ore3 genes revealed that the central china pedv isolates had several specific nucleotide ...201323757853
genetic properties of endemic chinese porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains isolated since 2010.acute diarrhea outbreaks caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) have been observed in various pig-breeding provinces of china since december 2010. endemic strains of pedv were isolated from different areas, and the complete genome sequences of 10 isolates were determined. our objective in this study was to genetically characterize current chinese field isolates of pedv to better understand their epidemiology and genetic diversity. sequence analysis showed that 10 post-2010 isolates sha ...201323797760
prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in korea.in 2008, 102 rodents and 24 stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast south korea were used to determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies ...201323892461
complete genome sequence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain usa/colorado/2013 from the united states.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is newly emerging in the united states. pedv strain usa/colorado/2013 (co/13) was obtained from a 7-day-old piglet with severe diarrhea, and the complete genome was sequenced to further study the pedv outbreak in the united states.201323929470
manipulation of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus genome using targeted rna recombination.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes severe economic losses in the swine industry in china and other asian countries. infection usually leads to an acute, often lethal diarrhea in piglets. despite the impact of the disease, no system is yet available to manipulate the viral genome which has severely hampered research on this virus until today. we have established a reverse genetics system for pedv based on targeted rna recombination that allows the modification of the 3'-end of the vira ...201323936367
molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of new variants of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in gansu, china in 2012.between january 2012 and march 2012, the infection rates of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) increased substantially in vaccinated swine herds in many porcine farms in gansu province, china. the spike (s) glycoprotein is an important determinant for pedv biological properties. to determine the distribution profile of pedv outbreak strains, we sequenced the full-length s gene of five samples from two farms where animals exhibited severe diarrhea and high mortality rates. five new pedv varia ...201323955500
emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the united states: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences.during the 10 days commencing april 29, 2013, the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory received the first 4 of many submissions from swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics of diarrhea and vomiting affecting all ages, with 90-95% mortality in suckling pigs. histology revealed severe atrophy of villi in all segments of the small intestines with occasional villus-epithelial syncytial cells, but testing for rotaviruses and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (alphacoronavirus ...201323963154
complete genome sequence of a very virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain, ch/gdgz/2012, isolated in southern china.the classical symptoms of porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) are acute diarrhea and dehydration. the isolated porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) ch/gdgz/2012 strain was obtained from the feces of diseased pigs in 2012 in southern china. we report the complete genome sequence of strain ch/gdgz/2012, which might be useful for better understanding the molecular characteristics of this virus.201323969052
a multiplex rt-pcr assay for rapid and differential diagnosis of four porcine diarrhea associated viruses in field samples from pig farms in east china from 2010 to 2012.since october 2010, clinical outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling piglets have reemerged in pig-producing areas of china, causing an acute increase in the morbidity and mortality in young piglets. four viruses, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (gar), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), are the major causative agents of enteric disease in piglets. a novel multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) wa ...201323988656
generation of a monoclonal antibody to s1 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.gene encoding the n-terminal half of spike protein (s1) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). then, female balb/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant s1 protein (rs1), and a monoclonal antibody (mab designated as 5e12) against the rs1 protein was achieved by hybridoma technique. mab 5e12 not only reacted with rs1 protein indirect elisa and western blot, but also recognized pedv transiently express ...201324111871
origin, evolution, and genotyping of emergent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains in the united states.coronaviruses are known to infect humans and other animals and cause respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases. here we report the emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in the united states and determination of its origin, evolution, and genotypes based on temporal and geographical evidence. histological lesions in small intestine sections of affected pigs and the complete genomic sequences of three emergent strains of pedv isolated from outbreaks in minnesota and iowa were charact ...201324129257
detection and molecular diversity of spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in china.since late 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has rapidly disseminated all over the china and caused considerable morbidity and high mortality (up to 100%) in neonatal piglets. 79.66% (141 of 177) pig farms in 29 provinces (excluding tibet and hainan, china) and 72.27% (417 of 577) samples were positive for pedv confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). the full-length s genes of representative field strains were sequenced. 33 field strains share 93.5%-99.9 ...201324153062
isolation and characterization of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses associated with the 2013 disease outbreak among swine in the united states.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was detected in may 2013 for the first time in u.s. swine and has since caused significant economic loss. obtaining a u.s. pedv isolate that can grow efficiently in cell culture is critical for investigating pathogenesis and developing diagnostic assays and for vaccine development. an additional objective was to determine which gene(s) of pedv is most suitable for studying the genetic relatedness of the virus. here we describe two pedv isolates (isu13-19338 ...201424197882
porcine epidemic diarrhea virus variants with high pathogenicity, china. 201324274832
genetic diversity of orf3 and spike genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in thailand.porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has become endemic in the thai swine industry, causing economic losses and repeated outbreaks since its first emergence in 2007. in the present study, 69 thai pedv isolates were obtained from 50 swine herds across thailand during the period 2008-2012. both partial and complete nucleotide sequences of the spike (s) glycoprotein and the nucleotide sequences of orf3 genes were determined to investigate the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of thai p ...201424291225
phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) field strains in central china based on the orf3 gene and the main neutralization epitopes.since 2010, porcine epidemic diarrhea has re-emerged with devastating impact on the swine-raising industry in central china. to investigate the epidemic characteristics of pedv, the complete orf3 genes of 14 pedv field strains from central china during 2012 to 2013 were cloned, sequenced and compared with reference strains. phylogenetic analysis based on the complete orf3 gene showed that the pedvs in central china and the reference strains could be divided into three groups: g1, g2, and g3. the ...201424292967
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