| cloning and further sequence analysis of the orf3 gene of wild- and attenuated-type porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses. | the open reading frame (orf3) genes of the parent dr13, attenuated dr13, kped-9, p-5v, and 12 field samples were cloned and sequenced to further explore the functions of wild- and attenuated-type porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedvs). sequencing revealed that wild-type pedvs orf3 genes had a single orf of 675 nucleotides encoding a protein of 224 amino acids with a predicted m (r) of 25.1-25.3 kda. attenuated-type pedvs orf3 genes had a single orf of 624 nucleotides encoding a protein of 207 ... | 2008 | 17932736 |
| in vitro inhibition of coronavirus replications by the traditionally used medicinal herbal extracts, cimicifuga rhizoma, meliae cortex, coptidis rhizoma, and phellodendron cortex. | a search for new anti-coronaviral drugs to treat coronaviral infections was motivated by an outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (sars). | 2008 | 18036887 |
| the gprlqpy motif located at the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein induces antibodies that neutralize porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is the main surface glycoprotein involved in virus attachment and entry and therefore is the target of neutralizing antibodies. here, the immunogenicity of a novel antigenic domain found on the carboxy-terminal of the spike protein characterized by the peptide motif gprlqpy, was evaluated. a synthetic peptide whose linear sequence is identical to the 24a.a. carboxy-terminal portion of the spike protein (s-ct24) elicited a strong antibody respo ... | 2008 | 18067984 |
| spike protein region (aa 636789) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus is essential for induction of neutralizing antibodies. | to analyze antigenic structure of the spike (s) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), the gene encoding its major immunodominant region s1 was amplified by pcr. we prepared four truncated s1 proteins spanning the entire s1 domain fused to gst protein. to identify the most important antigenic region of s1, the truncated s1-gst fusion proteins were examined for their ability to react with immune serum against pedv and to elicit the formation of neutralization antibodies in immunized a ... | 2007 | 18076304 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of membrane protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus isolates in china. | six porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedvs) were isolated from the fecal samples of piglets infected with pedv in 2006 in china. the membrane (m) protein genes of six pedv isolates were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), then cloned, sequenced, and compared with each other as well as those ten pedv reference strains. the m protein genes of six chinese pedv isolates consisted of 692 nucleotides containing a single open reading frame (orf) of 681 nucleotides, ... | 2008 | 18214664 |
| epidemic of diarrhoea caused by porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus in italy. | there was an epidemic of diarrhoea affecting pigs of all ages in italy between may 2005 and june 2006. in 63 herds the cause was confirmed as porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus by electron microscopy, immunoelectron microscopy, pcr and serology. watery diarrhoea without mucus and blood was usually associated with a reduction of feed consumption. in farrowing-to-weaning herds, diarrhoea affected the sows and suckling piglets, and the mortality in newborn piglets was up to 34 per cent. in growers an ... | 2008 | 18326842 |
| identification of two novel b cell epitopes on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein. | s1d (residues 636-789) is a neutralizing epitope region on the spike protein (s) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). to accurately identify epitopes on s1d, the s1-phage library containing the gene encoding the s1d region of pedv s protein was micropanned by six specific monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) against the s1d region. these micropanned epitope regions (mer) were focused on 696-779 amino acids of the s protein. to further map epitopes of the mer, seven overlapping mini-fragments cove ... | 2008 | 18400422 |
| rapid detection of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | a rapid detection assay based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) has been developed for detecting porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). the rt-lamp assay utilized a set of six primers to amplify the open reading frame 6 (orf6) of the prrsv. the amplified products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis or visualized by colorimetric method. the results demonstrated that the rt-lamp assay detected all 22 different prrsv isolates, h ... | 2009 | 18926852 |
| antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the predominant cause of severe entero-pathogenic diarrhea in swine. the lack of effective therapeutical treatment underlines the importance of research for new antivirals. in this study, we identified q7r, which actively inhibited pedv replication with a 50% inhibitory concentration (ic(50)) of 0.014 microg/ml. the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (cc(50)) of q7r was over 100 microg/ml and the derived therapeutic index was 7142. several structural analogu ... | 2009 | 18992773 |
| escherichia coli expressing single-chain fv on the cell surface as a potential prophylactic of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a causative agent of severe diarrhea which leads to death in piglets. because of the high mortality which is up to 100% in suckling piglets, ped is an important porcine disease in korea. in this study, we developed a prophylactic candidate using single-chain fvs to prevent the pedv infection. scfvs of mouse monoclonal antibody which was verified to neutralize pedv was expressed in escherichia coli expression system. after the confirmation of pedv neutral ... | 2009 | 19428826 |
| multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr for inclusive detection of major swine dna and rna viruses in pigs with multiple infections. | multiplex pcr and multiplex rt-pcr were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. these viruses are: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), suid herpesvirus 1, porcine parvovirus (ppv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus a (porv-a), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and getah virus. these methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. in the ... | 2009 | 19467264 |
| comparison of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and rt-pcr for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea (ped) is a contagious enteric disease of pigs caused by a coronavirus. a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) based on the use of monoclonal antibodies was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv). the das-elisa was compared with rt-pcr in the examination of 506 specimens collected during 2006-2007 from pigs originating from different farms located in the po valley. both faecal samples obtained directly fr ... | 2010 | 19501378 |
| chinese-like strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, thailand. | since late 2007, several outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection have emerged in thailand. phylogenetic analysis places all thai pedv isolates during the outbreaks in the same clade as the chinese strain js-2004-2. this new genotype pedv is prevailing and currently causing sporadic outbreaks in thailand. | 2009 | 19624933 |
| [porcine aminopeptidase n is a functional receptor for the pedv coronavirus]. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes lethal diarrhea in piglets that leads to great economic losses in east asia. it was reported that aminopeptidase n (apn) was the receptor for transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), human coronavirus 229e (hcov-229e) and feline coronavirus (fecov) which all belonged to group i coronavirus including pedv. it was also confirmed previously that porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) could bind to pedv, and anti-papn antibodies could inhibit the combination ... | 2009 | 19634766 |
| contribution of the porcine aminopeptidase n (cd13) receptor density to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), which belong to group 1 coronaviruses, are important viral pathogens in pigs causing lethal diarrhea. as with the other members in the group 1, theses viruses are also known to use the host aminopeptidase n (apn) as the major receptor for cell entry. remarkably, it was found that they utilize distinct cultured cell lines for in vitro virus propagation, since pedv could not be replicated in swine testis (st) ce ... | 2010 | 20074871 |
| heterogeneity in spike protein genes of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in korea. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has plagued the domestic swine industry in korea causing significant economic impacts on pig production nationwide. in the present study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the spike (s) glycoprotein genes of seven korean pedv isolates. the entire s genes of all isolates were found to be nine nucleotides longer in length than other pedv reference strains. this size difference was due to the combined presence of notable 15 bp insertion and 6 ... | 2010 | 20132850 |
| multiplex nested rt-pcr for the detection of porcine enteric viruses. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), and porcine group a rotavirus (prv-a) are major viruses causing enteric diseases of piglets. a multiplex nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex nested rt-pcr) was developed for the detection of these viruses in field samples from piglets with diarrhea. a mixture of (1) three external pairs of primers, yielding in the amplification step two different amplicons with sizes of 950 bp and 31 ... | 2010 | 20170679 |
| trypsin-induced hemagglutination activity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the hemagglutination (ha) activity of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was investigated. two cell-adapted strains of pedv (kpedv-9 and sm98lvec) were subjected to ha test against erythrocytes of various origin. both strains showed ha activity with rabbit erythrocytes only after treatment with trypsin or neuraminidase. optimal conditions for inducing ha activity of pedv were 2 h incubation at 37 degrees c using phosphate-buffered saline containing 0.1% bsa. these results suggest that the ha ... | 2010 | 20217154 |
| isolation and characterization of the first chinese strain of porcine teschovirus-8. | investigations were carried out to identify the causal agent of acute diarrhea, respiratory distress, and death of pigs on a swine farm in jilin province, northern china. only porcine teschovirus (ptv, designated as ptv-8 jilin/2003) was isolated from samples of organs. the presence of ptv was confirmed by the production of a specific cytopathic effect on susceptible cells and by the results of the immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (ipma), polymerase chain reaction, and electron microscopy. other ... | 2010 | 20362007 |
| molecular epidemiology of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in china. | since early 2006, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been reemerging in immunized swine herds. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. the entire orf3 genes of 12 pedv field strains and one vaccine strain were sequenced. the orf3 genes of chinese pedv field strains (excluding ch/gsjiii/07) contain a single 672- or 675-nucleotide (nt) orf, which encodes a 223- or 224-aa-long peptide. however, the cv777 vaccine strain and ch/gsjiii/07 contain a 276-nt orf ... | 2010 | 20544234 |
| mixed infections with chlamydia and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus - a new in vitro model of chlamydial persistence. | chlamydiae induce persistent infections, which have been associated with a wide range of chronic diseases in humans and animals. mixed infections with chlamydia and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) may result in generation of persistent chlamydial infections. to test this hypothesis, an in vitro model of dual infection with cell culture-adapted pedv and chlamydia abortus or chlamydia pecorum in vero cells was established. | 2010 | 20663197 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection and differentiation of wild-type pseudorabies and gene-deleted virus vaccines. | a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay was developed specifically for detection and differentiation of pseudorabies virus (prv). one group of primers was designed to detect wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the ge gene) and the other group of primers was designed to detect both prv ge-vaccine and wild-type strains (i.e., strains with the gg gene and with or without the ge gene). after amplification by bst enzyme at a constant temperature of 65 degrees c, a laddering of bright ... | 2010 | 20691214 |
| medicinal herbal extracts of sophorae radix, acanthopanacis cortex, sanguisorbae radix and torilis fructus inhibit coronavirus replication in vitro. | cimicifuga rhizome, meliae cortex, coptidis rhizome and phellodendron cortex have been previously shown to exhibit anti-coronavirus activity. here, an additional 19 traditional medicinal herbal extracts were evaluated for antiviral activities in vitro. | 2010 | 20710051 |
| impact of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection at different periods of pregnancy on subsequent reproductive performance in gilts and sows. | reproductive performance of gilts and sows in a swine commercial herd following an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) were investigated. a pedv outbreak was observed in march 2008 in a swine herd in thailand. the disease was diagnosed by clinical symptoms, gross and histopathology and viral detection using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. the intestines of the infected piglets were collected, minced and fed to all of the gilts and sows within 2 weeks after t ... | 2010 | 20727693 |
| antioxidative and antiviral properties of flowering cherry fruits (prunus serrulata l. var. spontanea). | the phenolic compounds of many fruits have been known to be efficient cellular protective antioxidants. in this study, antioxidative and antiviral properties of flowering cherry cultivars (prunus yedoensis, prunus sargentii, prunus lannesiana, and prunus cerasus) in korea were investigated. the antioxidant property was assayed for specific activities including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) hydroxy radical scavenging activity, reducing power capacity, and superoxide dismutase (sod) like ac ... | 2010 | 20821824 |
| enhanced cell fusion activity in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus adapted to suckling mice. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is the major causative agent of fatal diarrhea in piglets. to study the pathogenic features of pedv using a mouse model, pedv with virulence in mice is required. in pursuit of this, we adapted a tissue-culture-passed pedv mk strain to suckling mouse brains. pedv obtained after ten passages through the brains (mk-p10) had increased virulence for mice, and its fusion activity in cultured cells exceeded that of the original strain. however, the replication kin ... | 2010 | 20827493 |
| development of a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus m protein-based elisa for virus detection. | a membrane (m), protein-based elisa was developed to detect porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). the m gene of pedv was expressed in escherichia coli. the purified recombinant m protein was used to immunize rabbits to generate a polyclonal antibody. immunofluorescence analysis indicated that the anti-pedv-m antibody reacted with pedv-infected cells. the antibody was utilized to develop an indirect elisa to detect pedv. other viruses, porcine transmissible gastroenteritis coronavirus, avian in ... | 2010 | 20882317 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of transmissible gastroenteritis virus. | transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) is the causative agent of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis, and sensitive detection methods are required for preventing the disease. in this article, reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed to detect tgev. three pairs of primers targeting the nucleocapsid (n) gene of tgev were synthesized and used in the rt-lamp. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were evaluated. our results sh ... | 2010 | 21127872 |
| expression of a cholera toxin b subunit-neutralizing epitope of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus fusion gene in transgenic lettuce (lactuca sativa l.). | transgenic plants have been used as a safe and economic expression system for the production of edible vaccines. a synthetic cholera toxin b subunit gene (ctb) was fused with a synthetic neutralizing epitope gene of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (sctb-scoe), and the sctb-scoe fusion gene was introduced into a plant expression vector under the control of the ubiquitin promoter. this plant expression vector was transformed into lettuce (lactuca sativa l.) using the agrobacterium-mediated tra ... | 2010 | 21153716 |
| porcine kobuvirus from pig stool in korea. | to survey for porcine kobuvirus infection, a total of 119 pig fecal samples in korea were collected from three pig farms with good breeding facilities in three provinces. forty-three (36.1%) of the fecal samples tested were positive for porcine kobuvirus. in addition, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) infections were not identified in any of the fecal samples, but porcine group a rotavirus (gar) infection was identified in 11.8% (14/119) of the ... | 2010 | 21161358 |
| molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) field isolates in korea. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has caused enteric disease with devastating impact since the first identification of pedv in 1992 in korea. in this study, we investigated molecular epidemiology, showed genetic diversity, and analyzed phylogenetic relationships of korean pedv field isolates with other pedv reference strains. genetic analysis of the complete m and orf3 genes showed that each pedv group had several unique characteristics, and this indicated that specific groups of pedvs may ... | 2011 | 21210162 |
| development of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | in this study, a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) was developed for detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). six primers were designed to amplify the nucleocapsid (n) gene of pedv. the optimization, sensitivity, and specificity of the rt-lamp were investigated. the results showed that the optimal reaction condition for rt-lamp amplifying pedv n gene was achieved at 63°c for 50 min. the rt-lamp assay was more sensitive than gel-based rt-pcr and en ... | 2011 | 21286798 |
| [isolation and characteristics of virus culture of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus ljb/03]. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) ljb/03 strain was isolated from the feces of piglets suspected to be suffering from a severe diarrhea in heilongjiang province, and was identified by immunofluorescence test, immunelectronmicroscopy, rt-pcr and indirect elisa assay. characteristics of the virus culture and the methods of improvement of virus titer were explored. the results showed that the virus had the typical appearance of the coronavirus. analysis of the nucleotide sequences of rt-pcr pr ... | 2010 | 21344754 |
| specific, simple and rapid detection of porcine circovirus type 2 using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) is the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (pdns). it has caused heavy losses in global agriculture in recent decades. rapid detection of pcv2 is very important for the effective prophylaxis and treatment of pmws. | 2011 | 21414233 |
| differentiation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus n protein using a virus-based elisa. | the bacterially expressed nucleocapsid (n) protein of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) was used as immunogen to generate a rabbit-derived polyclonal antibody. the immunoreactivity of the protein to the antibody was confirmed by western blot analysis. using prrsv, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, pseudorabies virus, and avian infectious bronchitis virus as coating antigens, a virus-based elisa was established. the polyclonal antibody ... | 2011 | 21529294 |
| mutations in the spike gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus associated with growth adaptation in vitro and attenuation of virulence in vivo. | previously, we have reported that a serial passage of 83p-5 strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) in vero cells resulted in a growth adaptation of the virus in cultured cells at the 22nd passage. in this study, we further maintained the 83p-5 in vero cells up to the 100th passage and analyzed changes in the spike (s), membrane (m), and nucleocapsid (n) gene sequences and pathogenicity of the virus at the 34th, 61st, and 100th passage levels. sequence analyses revealed a strong selecti ... | 2011 | 21559974 |
| role of proteases in the release of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from infected cells. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a causative agent of pig diarrhea, requires protease(s) for multicycle replication in cultured cells. however, the potential role of proteases in the infection process remains unclear. in order to explore this, we used two different approaches: we infected either vero cells in the presence of trypsin or vero cells that constitutively express the membrane-associated protease tmprss2 (vero/tmprss2). we found that the pedv infection was enhanced, and viruses ... | 2011 | 21613395 |
| receptor-bound porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike protein cleaved by trypsin induces membrane fusion. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection in vero cells is facilitated by trypsin through an undefined mechanism. the present study describes the mode of action of trypsin in enhancing pedv infection in vero cells during different stage of the virus life cycle. during the viral entry stage, trypsin increased the penetration of vero-cell-attached pedv by approximately twofold. however, trypsin treatment of viruses before receptor binding did not enhance infectivity, indicating that recepto ... | 2011 | 21667287 |
| [co-localization analysis between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid protein and nucleolar phosphoprotein b23.1]. | to elucidate the co-localization characteristic between porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) n protein and b23.1 phosphoprotein. | 2011 | 21800627 |
| mutation in the cytoplasmic retrieval signal of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus spike (s) protein is responsible for enhanced fusion activity. | murine-adapted porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), mk-p10, shows high neurovirulence and increased fusion activity compared with a non-adapted mk strain. mk-p10 s protein had four mutations relative to the original virus s, and one of these (hôåær at position 1381, h1381r) in the cytoplasmic tail (ct) was suggested to be responsible for the increased fusion activity. to explore this, we examined fusion activity using recombinant s proteins. we expressed and compared the fusion activity of mk ... | 2011 | 21840351 |
| complete genome sequence of a chinese virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain. | ch/s is a virulent porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strain and is used as the virulent strain to evaluate the protection rates of vaccines against pedv infection in china. here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain ch/s, which may aid in understanding the molecular characteristics of this strain. | 2011 | 21980030 |
| Quercetin 7-rhamnoside reduces porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication via independent pathway of viral induced reactive oxygen species. | On the base of our previous study we were observed relevant studies on the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside (Q7R), a flavonoid, won't relate ability of its antioxidant. | 2011 | 21967756 |
| high-level mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by oral administration with lactobacillus-expressed porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) s1 region combined with lactobacillus-expressed n protein. | to develop effective mucosal vaccine formulation against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) infection, the dna fragments encoding spike protein immunodominant region s1 and nucleocapsid n of pedv were inserted into ppg1 (surface-displayed) or ppg2 (secretory) plasmids followed by electrotransformation into lactobacillus casei (lc) to yield four recombinant strains: pg1-s1, pg2-s1, pg1-n, and pg2-n. after intragastric administration, it was observed that live lc-expressing s1 protein combined ... | 2011 | 22134641 |
| pedv orf3 encodes an ion channel protein and regulates virus production. | several studies suggest that the open reading frame 3 (orf3) gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is related to viral infectivity and pathogenicity, but its function remains unknown. here, we propose a structure model of the orf3 protein consisting of four tm domains and forming a tetrameric assembly. orf3 protein can be detected in pedv-infected cells and it functions as an ion channel in both xenopus laevis oocytes and yeast. mutation analysis showed that tyr170 in tm4 is important f ... | 2012 | 22245155 |
| genetic variation analysis of reemerging porcine epidemic diarrhea virus prevailing in central china from 2010 to 2011. | porcine epidemic diarrhea has re-emerged with devastating impact in central china since october 2010. to investigate and analyze the reason of this outbreak, the m and orf3 genes of 15 porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses (pedv), which were collected from different areas of central china during october 2010 and december 2011, were amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. sequence analyses showed that the nucleotides and amino acids were changed ... | 2012 | 23269482 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus among farmed pigs, ukraine. | an outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhea occurred in the summer of 2014 in ukraine, severely affecting piglets <10 days of age; the mortality rate approached 100%. full genome sequencing showed the virus to be closely related to strains reported from north america, showing a sequence identity of up to 99.8%. | 2015 | 26584081 |
| impact of mated female nonproductive days in breeding herd after porcine epidemic diarrhea virus outbreak. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an important pathogen that has a significant economic impact on the swine industry by imposing a high rate of mortality in suckling piglets. however, limited information on the productivity values of gilts and sows infected with pedv is available. here, we evaluate the productivity index in gilts and sows during the 1-year period before (19 january 2013 to 18 january 2014) and after (19 january 2014 to 18 january 2015) a pedv outbreak from a 2000-sow bre ... | 2016 | 26771383 |
| evaluation of an electrostatic particle ionization technology for decreasing airborne pathogens in pigs. | influenza a virus (iav), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and staphylococcus aureus are important swine pathogens capable of being transmitted via aerosols. the electrostatic particle ionization system (epi) consists of a conductive line that emits negative ions that charge particles electrically resulting in the settling of airborne particles onto surfaces and potentially decreasing the risk of pathogen dissemination. the object ... | 2015 | 27616810 |
| recent vaccine technology in industrial animals. | various new technologies have been applied for developing vaccines against various animal diseases. virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine technology was used for manufacturing the porcine circovirus type 2 and rna particle vaccines based on an alphavirus vector for porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped). although vlp is classified as a killed-virus vaccine, because its structure is similar to the original virus, it can induce long-term and cell-mediated immunity. the rna particle vaccine used a venezuela e ... | 2016 | 26866019 |
| characterization of a pathogenic full-length cdna clone and transmission model for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain pc22a. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly pathogenic alphacoronavirus. in the united states, highly virulent pedv strains cause between 80 and 100% mortality in suckling piglets and are rapidly transmitted between animals and farms. to study the genetic factors that regulate pathogenesis and transmission, we developed a molecular clone of pedv strain pc22a. the infectious-clone-derived pedv (icpedv) replicated as efficiently as the parental virus in cell culture and in pigs, resulting i ... | 2016 | 26733065 |
| epimedium koreanum nakai water extract exhibits antiviral activity against porcine epidermic diarrhea virus in vitro and in vivo. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes diarrhea of pigs age-independently and death of young piglets, resulting in economic loss of porcine industry. we have screened 333 natural oriental herbal medicines to search for new antiviral candidates against pedv. we found that two herbal extracts, kiom 198 and kiom 124, contain significant anti-ped viral effect. kiom 198 and kiom 124 were identified as epimedium koreanum nakai and lonicera japonica thunberg, respectively. the further plaque and ... | 2012 | 23259003 |
| prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in korea. | in 2008, 102 rodents and 24 stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast south korea were used to determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (csfv), porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), porcine parvovirus (ppv), pseudorabies ... | 2013 | 23892461 |
| trigger factor assisted soluble expression of recombinant spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in escherichia coli. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is a highly contagious enteric pathogen of swine. the spike glycoprotein (s) of pedv is the major immunogenic determinant that plays a pivotal role in the induction of neutralizing antibodies against pedv, which therefore is an ideal target for the development of subunit vaccine. in an attempt to develop a subunit vaccine for pedv, we cloned two different fragments of s protein and expressed as glutathione s-transferase (gst)-tagged fusion proteins, namely ... | 2016 | 27142206 |
| comparative proteome analysis of porcine jejunum tissues in response to a virulent strain of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and its attenuated strain. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a predominant cause of acute enteric infection, leads to severe dehydrating diarrhea and mortality in piglets all over the world. a virulent pedv yn13 strain, isolated in our laboratory, was attenuated to yield an attenuated pedv strain yn144. to better understand the pathogenesis mechanism and the virus-host interaction during infection with both pedv yn13 and yn144 strains, a comparative proteomic analysis was carried out to investigate the proteomic cha ... | 2016 | 27916855 |
| polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (pclsr) for detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) in pigs and wild boars. | the study reports the development of a polymerase cross-linking spiral reaction (pclsr) for the detection of african swine fever virus (asfv) dna in blood collected from infected pigs and wild boars. the method uses 3 specifically designed primers. two outer-spiral primers comprising of 3' sequences complementary to asfv p72 gene sequence and 5'end sequences complementary to exogenous gene of black widow alpha-latrotoxin as well as additional asfv specific cross-linking primer. the method is spe ... | 2017 | 28198455 |
| emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in the united states: clinical signs, lesions, and viral genomic sequences. | during the 10 days commencing april 29, 2013, the iowa state university veterinary diagnostic laboratory received the first 4 of many submissions from swine farms experiencing explosive epidemics of diarrhea and vomiting affecting all ages, with 90-95% mortality in suckling pigs. histology revealed severe atrophy of villi in all segments of the small intestines with occasional villus-epithelial syncytial cells, but testing for rotaviruses and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (alphacoronavirus ... | 2013 | 23963154 |
| high-resolution analysis of coronavirus gene expression by rna sequencing and ribosome profiling. | members of the family coronaviridae have the largest genomes of all rna viruses, typically in the region of 30 kilobases. several coronaviruses, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (sars-cov) and middle east respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (mers-cov), are of medical importance, with high mortality rates and, in the case of sars-cov, significant pandemic potential. other coronaviruses, such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and avian coronavirus, are important ... | 2016 | 26919232 |
| porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) co-infection induced chlamydial persistence/stress does not require viral replication. | chlamydiae may exist at the site of infection in an alternative replicative form, called the aberrant body (ab). abs are produced during a viable but non-infectious developmental state termed "persistence" or "chlamydial stress." as persistent/stressed chlamydiae: (i) may contribute to chronic inflammation observed in diseases like trachoma; and (ii) are more resistant to current anti-chlamydial drugs of choice, it is critical to better understand this developmental stage. we previously demonstr ... | 2014 | 24660163 |
| establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swine industry worldwide. open reading frame 3 (orf3) is the only accessory gene in the pedv genome. previous studies have indicated that pedv vaccine strains have a partial deletion in orf3. in this study, a nanoparticle-assisted polymerase chain reaction (nanoparticle-assisted rt-pcr) assay targeting the orf3 of pedv was developed to distinguish pedv field str ... | 2016 | 27287433 |
| a recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies against porcine deltacoronavirus. | recently, porcine deltacoronavirus (pdcov) has been proven to be associated with enteric disease in piglets. diagnostic tools for serological surveys of pdcov remain in the developmental stage when compared with those for other porcine coronaviruses. in our study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) (rpdcov-n-elisa) was developed to detect antibodies against pdcov using a histidine-tagged recombinant nucleocapsid (n) protein as an antigen. the rpdcov-n-elisa did not cross-react ... | 2016 | 26668175 |
| fatal disease associated with swine hepatitis e virus and porcine circovirus 2 co-infection in four weaned pigs in china. | in recent decades, porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2) infection has been recognized as the causative agent of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome, and has become a threat to the swine industry. hepatitis e virus (hev) is another high prevalent pathogen in swine in many regions of the world. pcv2 and hev are both highly prevalent in pig farms in china. | 2015 | 25889526 |
| the wide spectrum high biocidal potency of bioxy formulation when dissolved in water at different concentrations. | traditional surface disinfectants that have long been applied in medicine, animal husbandry, manufacturing and institutions are inconvenient at best and dangerous at worst. moreover, some of these substances have adverse environmental impacts: for example, quaternary ammonium compounds ("quats") are reproductive toxicants in both fish and mammals. halogens are corrosive both to metals and living tissues, are highly reactive, can be readily neutralized by metals, and react with organic matter to ... | 2017 | 28207828 |
| case-control study of pathogens involved in piglet diarrhea. | diarrhea in piglets directly affects commercial swine production. the disease results from the interaction of pathogens with the host immune system and is also affected by management procedures. several pathogenic agents such as campylobacter spp., clostridium perfringens, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., group a rotavirus (rv-a), coronaviruses (transmissible gastroenteritis virus; porcine epidemic diarrhea virus), as well as nematode and protozoan parasites, can be associated with disease cas ... | 2016 | 26754836 |
| several enteropathogens are circulating in suckling and newly weaned piglets suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara, cuba. | intestinal contents of suckling (n = 45) and newly weaned (n = 45) piglets, suffering from diarrhea in the province of villa clara in cuba, were tested for viral, bacterial, and parasitic enteropathogens from may to june 2008. at least one enteropathogen was identified in 53.3 % of piglets and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec; 25.6 %) was the major pathogen; mostly sta(+)/stb(+) or f4(+)/sta(+)/stb(+) etec were isolated. the overall occurrence of the rest of pathogens was 10 % for transmis ... | 2013 | 22843242 |
| development of the full-length cdna clones of two porcine epidemic diarrhea disease virus isolates with different virulence. | the recently emerged highly virulent variants of porcine epidemic and diarrhea virus (pedv) remain a huge threat to the worldwide swine industry. here, we describe the development of a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) reverse genetics system for pedv based on two recent chinese field isolates, namely chm2013 and bj2011c. phylogenetically, chm2013 is closely related to the vaccine strain sm98 whereas the isolate bj2011c belongs to the giib group, a cluster that contains many recent pandemic ... | 2017 | 28301551 |
| antiviral indolosesquiterpenoid xiamycins c-e from a halophilic actinomycete. | new metabolites, xiamycins c-e (1-3), were isolated from a streptomyces. sp (#hk18) culture inhabiting the topsoil in a korean solar saltern. the planar structures of the xiamycins c-e were elucidated as carbazole-bearing indolosesquiterpenoids using a combined analysis of nmr, ms, uv, and ir spectroscopic data. the absolute configurations of these new compounds were determined by analyses of noesy and ecd data. when the xiamycins were tested for inhibitory activity on porcine epidemic diarrhea ... | 2016 | 26698879 |
| an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the identification of antibodies to senecavirus a in swine. | senecavirus a (sva), a member of the family picornaviridae, genus senecavirus, is a recently identified single-stranded rna virus closely related to members of the cardiovirus genus. sva was originally identified as a cell culture contaminant and was not associated with disease until 2007 when it was first observed in pigs with idiopathic vesicular disease (ivd). vesicular disease is sporadically observed in swine, is not debilitating, but is significant due to its resemblance to foreign animal ... | 2017 | 28202026 |
| generation of a mouse scfv library specific for porcine aminopeptidase n using the t7 phage display system. | porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) is a common cellular receptor for swine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). to investigate single-chain fragment variable (scfv) repertoire against papn, the genes encoding the immunoglobulin light chain variable region (vl) and heavy chain variable region (vh) were amplified by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) using a series of degenerate primers from the spleen of babl/c mice immunized with ... | 2012 | 22481024 |
| oral administration of ec-12 increases the baseline gene expression of antiviral cytokine genes, ifn-γ and tnf-α, in splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node cells of weaning piglets. | weaning piglets are continuously exposed to various viruses. the antiviral effects of lactic acid bacteria (lab) have been confirmed mainly in humans and mice, while few studies have been conducted in livestock. in this study, we evaluated the effect of oral administration of enterococcus faecalis strain ec-12 (ec-12) on the gene expressions of antiviral cytokines in weaning piglets. piglets were allocated to the ec-12-administered group (e group) and the no-treatment control group (c group). th ... | 2013 | 24936371 |
| epidemiological survey of enteric viruses in wild boars in the czech republic: first evidence of close relationship between wild boar and human rotavirus a strains. | population of wild boar is increasing in the whole europe, the animals migrate close to human habitats which greatly increases the possibility of natural transmission between domestic animals or humans and wild boars. the aim of the study was to estimate in population of free-living wild boar in the czech republic the prevalence of enteric viral pathogens, namely rotavirus groups a and c (rva and rvc), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv), and members of family coronavirid ... | 2016 | 27599927 |
| short communication: antiviral activity of porcine ifn-λ3 against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in vitro. | a new family of ifns called type iii ifn or ifn-λ has been described, and shown to induce antiviral activity against several viruses in the cell culture. in this study, the molecular cloning, expression, and antiporcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) activity of porcine ifn-λ3 (poifn-λ3) were reported. the full-length poifn-λ3 cdna sequence encoded 196 amino acids with a 23 amino acid signal peptide. sequence alignments showed that poifn-λ3 had an amino acid sequence similarity to ovis aries (78 ... | 2016 | 27470155 |
| antiviral compounds against nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a severe diarrhea disease in swine that is caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). nucleocapsid (n) protein is the rna-binding protein of pedv, which plays an important role for virus life cycle. the aim of this research was to screen and characterize the compounds that could inhibit the activity of pedv n protein. the gene encoding pedv n protein obtained from pedv thai isolate was cloned and expressed in e. coli. its amino acid sequence was employed ... | 2017 | 27791596 |
| production of soluble truncated spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from inclusion bodies of escherichia coli through refolding. | the emergence of highly pathogenic variant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) strains, from 2013 to 2014, in north american and asian countries have greatly threatened global swine industry. therefore, development of effective vaccines against pedv variant strains is urgently needed. recently, it has been reported that the n-terminal domain (ntd) of s1 domain of pedv spike protein is responsible for binding to the 5-n-acetylneuraminic acid (neu5ac), a possible sugar co-receptor. therefore, t ... | 2016 | 27260969 |
| stress, nutrition, and intestinal immune responses in pigs - a review. | modern livestock production became highly intensive and large scaled to increase production efficiency. this production environment could add stressors affecting the health and growth of animals. major stressors can include environment (air quality and temperature), nutrition, and infection. these stressors can reduce growth performance and alter immune systems at systemic and local levels including the gastrointestinal tract. heat stress increases the permeability, oxidative stress, and inflamm ... | 2016 | 27189643 |
| prokaryotic expression of truncated s1 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and production of monoclonal antibodies to recombinant protein. | monoclonal antibodies are known to have several applications in clinical diagnosis and therapy. in the present study, the truncated s1 gene, encoding the exterior of the viral spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), was subcloned into prokaryotic expression vector pet32a (+) and expressed as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli bl21(de3). female balb/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant truncated s1 protein, and three monoclonal antibodies (mab designated as ... | 2015 | 26492620 |
| chicken egg yolk antibodies (igy) as non-antibiotic production enhancers for use in swine production: a review. | in recent years, the use of in-feed antibiotics for growth and disease prevention in livestock production has been under severe scrutiny. the use and misuse of in-feed antibiotics has led to problems with drug residues in animal products and increased bacterial resistance. chicken egg yolk antibodies (igy) have attracted considerable attention as an alternative to antibiotics to maintain swine health and performance. oral administration of igy possesses many advantages over mammalian igg such as ... | 2015 | 26309735 |
| development of an indirect elisa based on a truncated s protein of the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhea (ped) is a highly contagious, enteric disease of swine caused by the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv). to find a suitable elisa method to assess the infection of pedv and the effectiveness of vaccines, we developed and evaluated an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ielisa) based on a truncated recombinant spike (s) protein expressed in escherichia coli. the parameters of the ielisa were optimized, and the cutoff value determined as 0.259 by analyzing opt ... | 2015 | 26308702 |
| monoclonal antibody to n protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the n gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was amplified by rt-pcr using specific primers, and inserted into the expression vector pcold-i to construct a recombinant plasmid pcold-i-n. the recombinant plasmid was expressed in escherichia coli bl21 (de3) under iptg induction. then, female balb/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant n protein and one strain of hybridoma cells named 2b8 secreting anti-n protein monoclonal antibodies (mab) was obtained by hybridoma technique. ... | 2015 | 25723284 |
| development of a hybridoma cell line secreting monoclonal antibody against s protein of a chinese variant of pedv. | gene encoding 22-380 aa of spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) isolate in china was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli bl21(de3). female balb/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant s protein, and a monoclonal antibody (mab) designated as 2d1 against s protein was achieved by hybridoma technique. mab 2d1 reacted with s protein of pedv specifically. the monoclonal antibody 2d1 may provide a useful tool as a specific diagnostic reagent ... | 2015 | 25723278 |
| antigenic relationships among porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and transmissible gastroenteritis virus strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev) are economically important swine enteropathogenic coronaviruses. these two viruses belong to two distinct species of the alphacoronavirus genus within coronaviridae and induce similar clinical signs and pathological lesions in newborn piglets, but they are presumed to be antigenically distinct. in the present study, two-way antigenic cross-reactivity examinations between the prototype pedv cv777 strain, three d ... | 2015 | 25589635 |
| generation of a monoclonal antibody to s1 protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | gene encoding the n-terminal half of spike protein (s1) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was cloned and expressed as a recombinant protein in escherichia coli bl21 (de3). then, female balb/c mice were immunized with the purified recombinant s1 protein (rs1), and a monoclonal antibody (mab designated as 5e12) against the rs1 protein was achieved by hybridoma technique. mab 5e12 not only reacted with rs1 protein indirect elisa and western blot, but also recognized pedv transiently express ... | 2013 | 24111871 |
| phylogeny and expression of the nucleocapsid gene of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus. | porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (pedv) is one of the important pathogens that may cause severe diarrhoea in piglets. in this study, the nucleocapsid (n) gene of a chinese pedv isolate designated hljby was cloned. the phylogeny of pedv strains was investigated by constructing a phylogenetic tree based on the n protein sequences. the results indicate that there are two major groups of chinese pedvs, a japanese pedv group and a korean pedv group. high-level expression of the n protein was achieved ... | 2013 | 23661393 |
| development of porcine rotavirus vp6 protein based elisa for differentiation of this virus and other viruses. | the context and purpose of the study included 1) bacterial expression of viral protein 6 (vp6) of porcine rotavirus (prv) and generation of rabbit polyclonal antiserum to the vp6 protein; 3) establishment of a discrimination elisa to distinguish prv from a panel of other porcine viruses. | 2013 | 23517810 |
| construction of recombinant lactobacilli expressing the core neutralizing epitope (coe) of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and a fusion protein consisting of coe and escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b, and comparison of the immune responses by orogastric immunization. | the core neutralizing epitope (coe) region of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) plays an important role in the development of the subunit vaccine against pedv infection. to enhance the vaccine's immunogenicity, escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin b (ltb) has usually been adopted as a molecular adjuvant. in this study, the coe and ltb-coe genes were engineered into the lactobacillus -escherichia coli shuttle vectors psapg1 (surface-displaying) and psapg2 (secreting) followed by electrot ... | 2012 | 23145823 |
| the use of convalescent sera in immune-electron microscopy to detect non-suspected/new viral agents. | negative staining electron microscopy methods can be employed for the diagnosis of viral particles in animal samples. in fact, negative staining electron microscopy methods are used to identify viruses, especially in minor species and wild animals, when no other methods are available and in cases of rare, emerging or re-emerging infections. in particular, immune-electron-microscopy with convalescent sera is employed to detect etiological agents when there are undiagnosed clinical outbreaks, when ... | 2015 | 26008707 |
| neonatal mortality, vesicular lesions and lameness associated with senecavirus a in a u.s. sow farm. | a 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine operation in the united states experienced a sudden and severe increase in mortality in neonatal piglets with high morbidity followed by vesicular lesions on the snout and feet of adult females and males. affected live piglets were submitted for diagnostic investigation. samples tested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine delta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, porcine rotavirus types a, b and c, transmis ... | 2016 | 27213868 |
| microbiological characterization of a newly established pig breed, aachen minipigs. | to alleviate the shortage of human donor organs or tissues for the treatment of organ and tissue failure including diabetes, pigs are considered suitable donor animals. as organs from conventional pigs are usually too large, those from minipigs may be better suited. we recently characterized the göttingen minipigs, a breed well characterized concerning the presence of zoonotic microorganisms and found hepatitis e virus (hev) and porcine cytomegalovirus (pcmv) in some animals. here, we characteri ... | 2016 | 26991265 |
| aminopeptidase n is not required for porcine epidemic diarrhea virus cell entry. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) is an emerging pathogenic coronavirus that causes a significant economic burden to the swine industry. the virus infects the intestinal epithelium and causes villous atrophy, resulting in diarrhea and dehydration. interaction of the viral spike (s) surface glycoprotein - through its s1 subunit - with the host cell receptor is the first step in infection and the main determinant for virus tropism. as for several other alphacoronaviruses including the porcine ... | 2017 | 28363778 |
| identification and comparison of receptor binding characteristics of the spike protein of two porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), a member of alphacoronavirus, has caused huge economic losses for the global pork industry recently. the spike (s) protein mediates pedv entry into host cells. herein, we investigated the interactions between the s protein and its receptor porcine aminopeptidase n (papn) or co-receptor sugars. the c-terminal domain (ctd) of the s1 domain is bound to papn. the prototype strain demonstrated similar receptor-binding activity compared with the variant field is ... | 2016 | 26907329 |
| concentration, size distribution, and infectivity of airborne particles carrying swine viruses. | when pathogens become airborne, they travel associated with particles of different size and composition. particle size determines the distance across which pathogens can be transported, as well as the site of deposition and the survivability of the pathogen. despite the importance of this information, the size distribution of particles bearing viruses emitted by infectious animals remains unknown. in this study we characterized the concentration and size distribution of inhalable particles that ... | 2015 | 26287616 |
| epidemiological survey of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in swine farms in shanghai, china. | an epidemiological survey of porcine diarrheal disease prevalence between september 2011 and january 2012 revealed that porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) contributed to outbreaks of diarrhea in pig farms in shanghai, china. the distribution profile of 10 pedv strains revealed three distinct genotypes coexisting in the same pig farm. two of the ten field strains that were isolated exhibited a distinct evolution from the others. in addition to pedv, other enteric pathogens, including porcine ... | 2013 | 23685898 |
| a novel pathogenic mammalian orthoreovirus from diarrheic pigs and swine blood meal in the united states. | since may 2013, outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea have devastated the u.s. swine industry, causing immense economic losses. two different swine enteric coronaviruses (porcine epidemic diarrhea virus and delta coronavirus) have been isolated from the affected swine population. the disease has been reported from at least 32 states of the united states and other countries, including mexico, peru, dominican republic, canada, columbia, ecuador, and ukraine, with repeated outbreaks in previously ... | 2015 | 25991685 |
| immunogenicity of a recombinant parapoxvirus expressing the spike protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. | the parapoxvirus orf virus (orfv), has long been recognized for its immunomodulatory properties in permissive and non-permissive animal species. here, a new recombinant orfv expressing the full-length spike (s) protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) was generated and its immunogenicity and protective efficacy were evaluated in pigs. the pedv s was inserted into the orfv121 gene locus, an immunomodulatory gene that inhibits activation of the nf-κb signalling pathway and contributes to ... | 2016 | 27558814 |
| molecular detection of porcine astrovirus in sichuan province, china. | porcine astrovirus (poastv) is widely distributed worldwide, and is highly prevalent among piglets with or without diarrhea, existing as at least five distinct lineages (poastv1-poastv5) within the genus mamastrovirus. however, our knowledge of the diversity and epidemiology of poastv in china is limited. | 2016 | 26739067 |
| genomic organization and recombination analysis of a porcine sapovirus identified from a piglet with diarrhea in china. | sapovirus (sav), a member of the family caliciviridae, is an etiologic agent of gastroenteritis in humans and pigs. to date, both intra- and inter-genogroup recombinant strains have been reported in many countries except for china. here, we report an intra-genogroup recombination of porcine sav identified from a piglet with diarrhea of china. | 2017 | 28302145 |
| elevated plasma-soluble cd16 levels in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-infected pigs: correlation with adam17-mediated shedding. | soluble cd16 (scd16) is closely correlated with chronic diseases in humans. here, plasma scd16 levels in pigs were increased by infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) but not with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine circovirus type 2 and pseudorabies virus. of interest, prrsv attached to blood neutrophils and reduced surface cd16 expression on neutrophils. in vitro data confirmed that prrsv caused cd16 shedding in neutrophils. further analyses revealed th ... | 2016 | 26653711 |
| the dilemma of rare events: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus in north america. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) has been recognized as a swine pathogen for 40 years, but until 2013 had not been detected in the western hemisphere. from originally causing a relatively mild and sporadic disease, pedv has been more recently associated with severe outbreaks of diarrheal disease in asia, and subsequently north america. pedv shares some important characteristics with two major pandemic viruses (porcine reproductive and respiratory virus; porcine circovirus type 2) of pigs t ... | 2015 | 26318527 |
| viral metagenomics analysis demonstrates the diversity of viral flora in piglet diarrhoeic faeces in china. | to investigate the diversity of viral flora, we used metagenomics to study the viral communities in a pooled faecal sample of 27 diarrhoeic piglets from intensive commercial farms in china. the 15 distinct mammalian viruses identified in the pooled diarrhoeic sample were, in order of abundance of nucleic acid sequence, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), sapovirus, porcine bocavirus-4 (pbov-4), sapelovirus, torovirus, coronavirus, pbov-2, stool-associated single-stranded dna virus (poscv), a ... | 2014 | 24718833 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for rapid and differential diagnosis of four porcine diarrhea associated viruses in field samples from pig farms in east china from 2010 to 2012. | since october 2010, clinical outbreaks of diarrhea in suckling piglets have reemerged in pig-producing areas of china, causing an acute increase in the morbidity and mortality in young piglets. four viruses, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (tgev), porcine group a rotaviruses (gar), and porcine circovirus 2 (pcv2), are the major causative agents of enteric disease in piglets. a novel multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) wa ... | 2013 | 23988656 |
| cell attachment domains of the pedv spike protein are key targets of neutralizing antibodies. | porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (pedv) causes enteric disease in pigs resulting in significant economic loss to the swine industry worldwide. current vaccination approaches against this emerging coronavirus are only partially effective, though natural infection protects pigs against re-infection and provides lactogenic immunity to suckling piglets. the viral spike (s) glycoprotein, responsible for receptor binding and cell entry, is the major target for neutralizing antibodies. however, knowledg ... | 2017 | 28381581 |