Publications

batrachedra nuciferae, an inflorescence-feeding moth associated with coconut, cocos nucifera, and palmiste, roystonea oleracea, in trinidad, west indies.	in 2006, batrachedra nuciferae hodges (lepidoptera: batrachedridae) was the first phytophagous insect to be reported from inflorescences of coconut, cocos nucifera l. (arecales: arecaceae), in trinidad, west indies. at that time, it was suggested to be an introduced species contributing to decreasing coconut yields on the island and potentially a threat to other palms. in this preliminary study, inflorescences of coconut, seven indigenous palms, and six exotic ornamental palms were surveyed in s ...	2013	24786569
green synthesis of graphene.	the present work reports a green route to synthesis of graphene by reduction of graphite oxide with cocos nucifera l. (coconut water) as reducing agent which is naturally available, non-toxic and environmental friendly. the graphite oxide has been prepared by oxidation of graphite with kcio3/nano3/h2so4 as reported in our earlier findings. x-ray diffraction, ftir, uv-visible and raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of graphene. sem, tem and afm analyses have also been carried out to study ...	2013	23862494
preliminary studies of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of coconut fibers.	this work studied fast pyrolysis as a way to use the residual fiber obtained from the shells of coconut ( cocos nucifera l. var. dwarf, from aracaju, northeastern brazil). the bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis and the aqueous phase (formed during the pyrolysis) were characterized by gc/qms and gc×gc/tof-ms. many oxygenated compounds such as phenols, aldehydes, and ketones were identified in the extracts obtained in both phases, with a high predominance of phenolic compounds, mainly alkylphenols ...	2013	23815555
development and anti-microbial potential of topical formulations containing cocos nucifera linn.	in order to achieve better treatment for local wounds and bacterial infections, topical formulations containing cocos nucifera linn. were developed. these formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties and antimicrobial efficacy against various strains of microorganisms. semisolid formulations containing 5% w/w of cocos nucifera linn. were prepared by employing different dermatological bases and were evaluated for their physical appearance, ph, rheological properties, ftir-spec ...	2013	23746224
antimalarial activity of cocos nucifera husk fibre: further studies.	in this study, the antimalarial and toxicity potentials of husk fibre extracts of five nigerian varieties of cocos nucifera were evaluated in vitro. the only active extract fraction, west african tall (wat) ethyl acetate extract fraction, was then evaluated for its phytochemical constituents, antimalarial and toxicity potentials at varying doses (31.25-500 mg/kg body weight) using various organ function indices. the results revealed that wat ethyl acetate extract fraction (wateaef) contained alk ...	2013	23983800
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities of cocos nucifera var. typica.	teas from the husk fiber of cocos nucifera are used in the folk medicine to treat arthritis and other inflammatory processes. some works show that some varieties have biological activities. however, one of the main variety of the species, c. nucifera var. typica, known in brazil as "gigante", was not studied yet. thus, this study evaluates if this variety has the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities already reported in other varieties.	2013	23680079
anti-mosquito plants as an alternative or incremental method for malaria vector control among rural communities of bagamoyo district, tanzania.	plants represent one of the most accessible resources available for mosquito control by communities in tanzania. however, no documented statistics exist for their contribution in the management of mosquitoes and other insects except through verbal and some publications. this study aimed at assessing communities' knowledge, attitudes and practices of using plants as an alternative method for mosquito control among selected communities in a malaria-prone area in tanzania.	2014	25015092
green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from the extract of the inflorescence of cocos nucifera (family: arecaceae) for enhanced antibacterial activity.	green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant source has been given much importance. in the present study, silver nanoparticles (agnps) were synthesized using the ethyl acetate and methanol (ea: m 40:60) extracts of the inflorescence of the tree cocous nucifera. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by uv-visible spectroscope, ftir and tem analysis. the particle size of the synthesized agnps was 22nm as confirmed by tem. the qualitative assessment of reducing potential of the extracts ...	2014	24762541
in vivo antimalarial activity and toxicological effects of methanolic extract of cocos nucifera (dwarf red variety) husk fibre.	phytochemical constituents as well as antimalarial and toxicity potentials of the methanolic extract of the husk fibre of dwarf red variety of cocos nucifera were evaluated in this study.	2014	25412668
investigation on antibacterial and antioxidant activities, phenolic and flavonoid contents of some thai edible plants as an alternative for antibiotics.	this study was aimed to examine the antibacterial and antioxidative properties of seven edible plants from thailand to develop alternative antibiotics as feed additives. the plants include citrus aurantifolia swingle (lime) fruits and its leaves, sesbania grandiflora l. (agati sesbania) leaves, piper sarmentosum roxb (wild betal) leaves, curcuma domestica valeton (turmeric) roots, morinda citrifolia l. (beach mulberry) leaves, cassia siamea britt (siamea cassia) leaves, and cocos nucifera l. (co ...	2014	25178298
a facile means for the identification of indolic compounds from plant tissues.	the bulk of indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in plants is found in the form of conjugated molecules, yet past research on identifying these compounds has largely relied on methods that were both laborious and inefficient. using recent advances in analytical instrumentation, we have developed a simple yet powerful liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms)-based method for the facile characterization of the small iaa conjugate profile of plants. the method uses the well-known quinolinium ion (m/z ...	2014	25040570
cocos nucifera l. water improves reproductive indices in wistar rats.	this study explored the effects of cocos nucifera l. water (cw) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis (hpg) and fertility in wistar rats.	2014	26234118
'candidatus phytoplasma palmicola', associated with a lethal yellowing-type disease of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) in mozambique.	in this study, the taxonomic position and group classification of the phytoplasma associated with a lethal yellowing-type disease (lyd) of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) in mozambique were addressed. pairwise similarity values based on alignment of nearly full-length 16s rrna gene sequences (1530 bp) revealed that the mozambique coconut phytoplasma (lydm) shared 100% identity with a comparable sequence derived from a phytoplasma strain (ldn) responsible for awka wilt disease of coconut in nigeria, ...	2014	24585372
physicochemical and phytochemical analyses of copra and oil of cocos nucifera l. (west coast tall variety).	coconut copra from west coast tall variety, cultivated in kerala, india, was subjected to aqueous and solvent extractions (using n-hexane). additionally, oil was extracted from the copra in soxhlet assembly using petroleum ether (b.p. 60-80°c). physicochemical and phytochemical analyses were conducted for the extracts and the oil, with commercial coconut oil as the experimental control. the physicochemical analyses showed that the aqueous extract of copra was milky-white in color with a sweet od ...	2014	26904626
long-distance dispersal of the coconut palm by migration within the coral atoll ecosystem.	the location of the original home of the coconut palm, cocos nucifera, and the extent of its natural dispersal are not known. proponents of a south american origin must explain why it is not indigenous there and why it shows greatest diversity in southern asia. conversely, proponents of an asian origin must explain why there are no asian cocoseae and why the closest botanical relative to cocos is in south america. both hypotheses share the common problems of how, when, where and in what directio ...	2014	24368197
the presence of coconut in southern panama in pre-columbian times: clearing up the confusion.	the pre-columbian presence of coconut on the pacific coast of panama is attested by a number of independent written accounts. however, recent papers question their accuracy and conclude that coconut was introduced to the region by the spaniards after their conquests. scope in order to examine the value of such claims, an extensive search was conducted of the relevant historical accounts of coconut in america and in the orient.	2014	24227445
glucuronoarabinoxylan from coconut palm gum exudate: chemical structure and gastroprotective effect.	a glucuronoarabinoxylan (cnal) was extracted with 1% aq. koh (25°c) from cocos nucifera gum exudate. it had a homogeneous profile on hpsec-malls-ri (mw 4.6 × 10(4)g/mol) and was composed of fuc, ara, xyl, glcpa (and 4-o-glcpa) in a 7:28:62:3 molar ratio. methylation data showed a branched structure with 39% of non-reducing end units, 3-o-substituted araf (8%), 3,4-di-o- (15%), 2,4-di-o- (5%) and 2,3,4-tri-o-substituted xylp units (17%). the anomeric region of cnal (13)c nmr spectrum contained 9 ...	2014	24702919
descriptions of two new record species of scutellonema (nematoda: tylenchida) from china.	from 2011 to 2012, we collected scutellonema commune from the rhizosphere soil of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) and scutellonema magniphasma from the rhizosphere soil of rosa chinensis in shenyang, china. s. commune was characterized by rounded scutella, which was varied from two annules anterior to the anus and five annules posterior. the lateral field was not areolated at the level of scutella. s. magniphasma was characterized by varying scutellum, about 7.0 μm in diameter, in position from four ...	2014	24470457
prospects of apicultural entrepreneurship in coastal districts of eastern india: a melissopalynological evaluation.	a melissopalynological analysis of fifty-one natural honey samples (twenty four spring, fifteen summer and twelve winter) collected during 2010-2011 from two east-coastal districts (20(0)20/ to 22(0)11/ n, 82(0)39/ to 87(0)01/ e) of orissa, india was performed. out of 37 unifloral samples found 25 were contributed by apis cerana indica, seven by a. dorsata and the remaining five by a. florea. out of 14 multifloral samples five were contributed by a. cerana indica, five by a. dorsata and the rema ...	2014	24740144
the association between chromaticity, phenolics, carotenoids, and in vitro antioxidant activity of frozen fruit pulp in brazil: an application of chemometrics.	a total of 19 brazilian frozen pulps from the following fruits: açai (euterpe oleracea), blackberry (rubus sp.), cajá (spondias mombin), cashew (anacardium occidentale), cocoa (theobroma cacao), coconut (cocos nucifera), grape (vitis sp.), graviola (annona muricata), guava (psidium guajava), papaya (carica papaya), peach (prunus persica), pineapple (ananas comosus), pineapple and mint (a. comosus and mentha spicata), red fruits (rubus sp. and fragaria sp.), seriguela (spondias purpurea), strawbe ...	2014	24547813
performance evaluation of a dual-flow recharge filter for improving groundwater quality.	a dual-flow multimedia stormwater filter integrated with a groundwater recharge system was developed and tested for hydraulic efficiency and pollutant removal efficiency. the influent stormwater first flows horizontally through the circular layers of planted grass and biofibers. subsequently, the flow direction changes to a vertical direction so that water moves through layers of pebbles and sand and finally gets recharged to the deep aquifers. the media in the sequence of vegetative medium:biof ...	2014	25112029
cloning and functional expression of a cdna encoding stearoyl-acp δ9-desaturase from the endosperm of coconut (cocos nucifera l.).	coconut (cocos nucifera l.) is an economically tropical fruit tree with special fatty acid compositions. the stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) desaturase (sad) plays a key role in the properties of the majority of cellular glycerolipids. in this paper, a full-length cdna of a stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase, designated cocofad, was isolated from cdna library prepared from the endosperm of coconut (c. nucifera l.). an 1176 bp cdna from overlapped pcr products containing orf encoding a ...	2014	25038276
survey of mymarommatidae and their occurrence in agricultural systems in brazil.	mymarommatidae surveys were carried out through the use of yellow pan traps in crops of green dwarf coconut, cocos nucifera l. (arecales: arecaceae), papaya, carica papaya l. (brassicales: caricaceae), citrus, citrus spp. l. (sapindales: rutaceae), and guava, psidium guajava l. (myrtales: myrtaceae), in the northern espirito santo state, brazil. 146 specimens of mymarommatids were collected, of which 71, 55, 16, and 4 exemplars were obtained in the area cultivated with guava, papaya, citrus, and ...	2014	25373162
barking up the wrong tree: injuries due to falls from trees in solomon islands.	to investigate tree-related injuries in solomon islands by the types of trees involved, who is affected and the types of injuries caused.	2014	25495329
composition, physicochemical properties and thermal inactivation kinetics of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase from coconut (cocos nucifera) water obtained from immature, mature and overly-mature coconut.	composition, physicochemical properties and enzyme inactivation kinetics of coconut water were compared between immature (imc), mature (mc) and overly-mature coconuts (omc). among the samples studied, ph, turbidity and mineral contents for omc water was the highest, whereas water volume, titratable acidity, total soluble solids and total phenolics content for omc water were the lowest. maturity was found to affect sugar contents. sucrose content was found to increase with maturity, and the rever ...	2014	24001821
coconut (cocos nucifera l.) pollen cryopreservation.	coconut genetic resources are threatened by pests and pathogens, natural hazards and human activities. cryopreservation is the only method allowing the safe and cost-effective long-term conservation of recalcitrant seed species such as coconut.	2014	25397956
quantitative ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plants used by the ati negrito indigenous group in guimaras island, philippines.	this study is (1) a documentation of medicinal plant use in traditional therapies, and (2) an evaluation of the medicinal plant knowledge and practices of the ati negrito indigenous people in guimaras island, philippines.	2014	25240586
cn-amp2 from green coconut water is an anionic anticancer peptide.	globally, death due to cancers is likely to rise to over 20 million by 2030, which has created an urgent need for novel approaches to anticancer therapies such as the development of host defence peptides. cn-amp2 (tesyfvfsvgm), an anionic host defence peptide from green coconut water of the plant cocos nucifera, showed anti-proliferative activity against the 1321n1 and u87mg human glioma cell lines with ic50 values of 1.25 and 1.85 mm, respectively. the membrane interactive form of the peptide w ...	2014	25234689
de novo transcriptome sequence assembly from coconut leaves and seeds with a focus on factors involved in rna-directed dna methylation.	coconut palm (cocos nucifera) is a symbol of the tropics and a source of numerous edible and nonedible products of economic value. despite its nutritional and industrial significance, coconut remains under-represented in public repositories for genomic and transcriptomic data. we report de novo transcript assembly from rna-seq data and analysis of gene expression in seed tissues (embryo and endosperm) and leaves of a dwarf coconut variety. assembly of 10 gb sequencing data for each tissue result ...	2014	25193496
complementary description of colomerus novahebridensis keifer (acari, eriophyidae), with a discussion about the constitution of the genus and its economic importance, and a tentative key to colomerus newkirk & keifer species.	colomerus newkirk & keifer, 1971 is an eriophyid genus described by newkirk and keifer about 43 years ago, that contains species from all continents, except antarctica. they live mostly on dicotyledonous plants. colomerus novahebridensis keifer, 1977 was described from coconut (cocos nucifera l., arecaceae) fruits from vanuatu. a description of a thai population of this species is given in this paper. a revised characterization of colomerus and a dichotomous key for the separation of the species ...	2014	25152678
antimicrobial properties of cocos nucifera (coconut) husk: an extrapolation to oral health.	brushing the teeth with fibrous husk of cocos nucifera (coconut) is a common oral hygiene practice among people of rural areas of south india. however, the probable antimicrobial properties of this plant material against common oral pathogens have not been proved scientifically. therefore, the present study was designed.	2014	25097415
identification and computational annotation of genes differentially expressed in pulp development of cocos nucifera l. by suppression subtractive hybridization.	coconut (cocos nucifera l.) is one of the world's most versatile, economically important tropical crops. little is known about the physiological and molecular basis of coconut pulp (endosperm) development and only a few coconut genes and gene product sequences are available in public databases. this study identified genes that were differentially expressed during development of coconut pulp and functionally annotated these identified genes using bioinformatics analysis.	2014	25084812
ritual uses of palms in traditional medicine in sub-saharan africa: a review.	palms (arecaceae) are prominent elements in african traditional medicines. it is, however, a challenge to find detailed information on the ritual use of palms, which are an inextricable part of african medicinal and spiritual systems. this work reviews ritual uses of palms within african ethnomedicine. we studied over 200 publications on uses of african palms and found information about ritual uses in 26 of them. at least 12 palm species in sub-saharan africa are involved in various ritual pract ...	2014	25056559
limits to ambulatory displacement of coconut mites in absence and presence of food-related cues.	ambulatory movement of plant-feeding mites sets limits to the distances they can cover to reach a new food source. in absence of food-related cues these limits are determined by survival, walking activity, walking path tortuosity and walking speed, whereas in presence of food the limits are also determined by the ability to orient and direct the path towards the food source location. for eriophyoid mites such limits are even more severe because they are among the smallest mites on earth, because ...	2014	24233102
longevity of rodenticide bait pellets in a tropical environment following a rat eradication program.	invasive rodents (primarily rattus spp.) are responsible for loss of biodiversity in island ecosystems worldwide. large-scale rodenticide applications are typically used to eradicate rats and restore ecological communities. in tropical ecosystems, environmental conditions rapidly degrade baits and competition for baits by non-target animals can result in eradication failure. our objective was to evaluate persistence of rodenticide baits during a rat eradication program on palmyra atoll; a remote ...	2014	24057961
efficacy of aggregation pheromone in trapping red palm weevil (rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier) and rhinoceros beetle (oryctes rhinoceros linn.) from infested coconut palms.	red palm weevil and rhinoceros beetle are the major pests inflicting severe damage to coconut palms. due to ineffectiveness of the current management practices to control the two important pests on coconut, a study was conducted to know the attractiveness of red palm weevil and rhinoceros beetle to aggregation pheromone. olfactometer studies indicated that the aggregation pheromone of red palm weevil and rhinoceros beetle attracted significantly more number of weevils (13.4 females and 7.6 male ...	2014	24813002
thoraco- abdominal impalement injury: a case report.	impalement injury is an uncommon presentation in the emergency department (ed), and penetrating thoraco-abdominal injuries demand immediate life-saving measures and prompt care. massive penetrating trauma by impalement in a pediatric case represents a particularly challenging presentation for emergency providers in non-trauma center settings.	2014	24592862
behaviour of coconut mites preceding take-off to passive aerial dispersal.	for more than three decades the coconut mite aceria guerreronis keifer is one of the most important pests of coconut palms and has recently spread to many coconut production areas worldwide. colonization of coconut palms is thought to arise from mites dispersing aerially after take-off from other plants within the same plantation or other plantations. the underlying dispersal behaviour of the mite at take-off, in the airborne state and after landing is largely unknown and this is essential to un ...	2014	25033769
host finding behaviour of the coconut mite aceria guerreronis.	for the coconut mite, aceria guerreronis keifer, its host plant, the coconut palm, is not merely a source of food, but more generally a habitat to live in for several generations. for these minute organisms, finding a new plant is difficult and risky, especially because their main mode of dispersal is passive drifting with the wind and because they are highly specialized on their host plant. consequently, the probability of landing on a suitable host is very low, let alone to land in their speci ...	2014	25033768
first report of oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (coleoptera: scarabaeidae) causing severe disease in allomyrina dichotoma in korea.	oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (ornv) has been known to cause severe disease in coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros, in southeastern asia and is used as a biological control to reduce the pest population. here, we report for the first time that the ornv may have landed on korea and may be the major pathogen for diseased larvae of korean horn beetle, allomyrina dichotoma. after peroral inoculation, over 60% of infected larvae perished in 6 wk. this viral disease spreads very fast in ...	2015	25765317
isolation and properties of cellulose nanofibrils from coconut palm petioles by different mechanical process.	in this study, cellulose nanofibrils (cnfs) were successfully isolated from coconut palm petiole residues falling off naturally with chemical pretreatments and mechanical treatments by a grinder and a homogenizor. ftir spectra analysis showed that most of hemicellulose and lignin were removed from the fiber after chemical pretreatments. the compositions of cnfs indicated that high purity of nanofibrils with cellulose contain more than 95% was obtained. x-ray diffractogram demonstrated that chemi ...	2015	25875280
multi-organ dysfunction secondary to severe wasp envenomation.	wasp sting is not an uncommon incident. around 56% to 94% of the population is stung at least once in their lifetime by a member of the order hymenoptera which includes wasps, bees, and ants. the response to a wasp sting may vary from mild local reaction to severe systemic and anaphylactic reactions. the clinical picture and mortality rate tend to be more severe in adults compared to children. we present a 32-year-old agricultural worker who was bitten by multiple wasps while on a coconut tree. ...	2015	25852776
immobilisation of cu, pb and zn in scrap metal yard soil using selected waste materials.	immobilisation of heavy metals in a 30-year old active scrap metal yard soil using three waste materials, namely coconut tree sawdust (cts), sugarcane bagasse (sb) and eggshell (es) was investigated. the contaminated soil was amended with amendments at application rates of 0 %, 1 % and 3 % (w/w). the effects of amendments on metal accumulation in water spinach (ipomoea aquatica) and soil metal bioavailability were studied in a pot experiment. all amendments increased biomass yield and reduced me ...	2015	26395356
study of antiglycation, hypoglycemic, and nephroprotective activities of the green dwarf variety coconut water (cocos nucifera l.) in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.	coconut water (cw) is a natural nutritious beverage, which contains several biologically active compounds that are traditionally used in the treatment of diarrhea and rehydration. several works with cw have been related with antioxidant activity, which is very important in the diabetic state. to evaluate the hypoglycemic and nephroprotective activities of cw, alloxan-induced diabetic rats were pre- and post-treated by gavage with cw (3 ml/kg), caffeic acid (ca) (10 and 15 mg/kg), and acarbose (a ...	2015	25651375
genetic relationship and diversity among coconut (cocos nucifera l.) accessions revealed through scot analysis.	coconut (cocos nucifera l.) is one of the important palms grown both as a homestead and plantation crop in countries and most island territories of tropical regions. different dna-based marker systems have been utilized to assess the extent of genetic diversity in coconut. advances in genomics research have resulted in the development of novel gene-targeted markers. in the present study, we have used a simple and novel marker system, start codon targeted polymorphism (scot), for its evaluation a ...	2015	28324407
herbal medicine in the marquesas islands.	this manuscript reports data on medicinal plants used in marquesas islands traditional medicine. the subject is interesting due to the extreme geographical isolation of this archipelago and the scarcity of data on this subject. the hypothesis of the authors was that traditional knowledge in this area should be consequently largely preserved. the usual ethnobotanical collection of use/symptom was completed by an additional quantitative ethnobotany analysis providing two indices: the relative freq ...	2015	25527315
past, present and perspectives of manipur traditional medicine: a major health care system available for rural population in the north-east india.	traditional health care practices are still being followed extensively in manipur, north-east india. this is the major or the only medical facility available in some rural areas of manipur. cross cultural ethno-pharmacological survey was conducted to document traditional health care practices by maiba-maibi (male-female traditional health care practitioners of manipur).	2015	25895884
medicinal plants used to treat tb in ghana.	the current study was designed to document medicinal plant species that are traditionally used to treat tuberculosis (tb) by ghanaian communities.	2015	26972879
mating compatibility and restriction analysis of ganoderma isolates from oil palm and other palm hosts.	mating compatibility and restriction analyses of internal transcribed spacer (its) regions were performed to determine the relations between ganoderma boninense, the most common species associated with basal stem rot in oil palm and ganoderma isolates from infected oil palm, two ornamental palms, sealing wax palm (cyrtostachys renda) and macarthur palm (ptychosperma macarthurii), an isolate from coconut stump (cocos nucifera), ganoderma miniatocinctum, ganoderma zonatum and ganoderma tornatum. t ...	2015	26868709
on the parasitoid complex of butterflies with descriptions of two new species of parasitic wasps (hymenoptera: eulophidae) from goa, india.	in comprehensive rearing of butterflies from goa, india, an interesting parasitoid complex of wasps and tachinid flies was found. two new species of parasitic wasps are described and illustrated: tetrastichus thetisae n. sp. (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a gregarious parasitoid reared from the pupa of curetis thetis (drury) (lepidoptera: lycaenidae) on the host plant derris sp., and sympiesis thyrsisae n. sp. (hymenoptera: eulophidae), a gregarious parasitoid reared from the caterpillar of gangara ...	2015	26446545
a coconut extra virgin oil-rich diet increases hdl cholesterol and decreases waist circumference and body mass in coronary artery disease patients.	saturated fat restriction has been recommended for coronary arterial disease, but the role of coconut oil (cocos nucifera l.) extra virgin, lauric acid source in the management of lipid profile remains unclear.	2015	26545671
the predatory mite neoseiulus paspalivorus (phytoseiidae) in brazil: taxonomic status, reproductive compatibility and morphological and molecular variability.	the predatory mite neoseiulus paspalivorus (de leon) is often found in association with the coconut mite, aceria guerreronis keifer. the identification of natural enemies is essential for the definition of biological control strategies. therefore, the present study aimed to confirm whether the mite populations from different northeastern brazilian states identified as n. paspalivorus belong to the same species. this determination was accomplished through the study of morphometric variability in ...	2015	26459378
evidence of amblyseius largoensis and euseius alatus as biological control agent of aceria guerreronis.	amblyseius largoensis (muma) (acari: phytoseiidae) and euseius alatus de leon (acari: phytoseiidae) are predatory mites that are mostly found on leaves and on the exposed fruit surface of coconut plants. their morphology hampers the access to the microhabitat occupied by aceria guerreronis keifer (acari: eriophyidae), the most important pest of coconut fruits throughout the world. however, it was suggested that they can prey on a. guerreronis under natural conditions when this pest leaves its re ...	2015	26255279
young coconut juice supplementation results in greater bone mass and bone formation indices in ovariectomized rats: a preliminary study.	young coconut juice (cocos nucifera linn.) (ycj) has traditionally been consumed to alleviate symptoms associated with menopause by women in southeast asia. the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of ycj on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats. female 10-week-old wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following 4 groups: baseline, sham, ovx, and ovx + ycj (n = 10 rats per group). rats in the baseline group were sacrificed immediately, and those in the other groups were sub ...	2015	26443289
toxic potentials of ten herbs commonly used for aphrodisiac effect in turkey.	sexual dysfunction is a serious problem worldwide. in turkey, herbal products are used by some people suffering from sexual dysfunction. despite their therapeutic advantages, some constituents of herbs are potentially toxic and pose health risks because they can be bought from the market without a prescription. therefore, we aimed to determine the safety of herbs possessing aphrodisiac effects, chosen on the basis of their frequency of medicinal use and commercial importance in turkey.	2015	26281312
a new species of blattisocius (acari: mesostigmata: blattisociidae), with a new characterisation of the genus.	a new species of blattisocius keegan, blattisocius thaicocofloris n. sp., is described from thailand from adult females and males, raising to 18 the number of species known in this genus. this is the first species of this genus described from flowers (of cocos nucifera l.; arecaceae), although two species, blattisocius apis basha & yousef and blattisocius apisassociae chinniah & mohanasundaram, were reported in association with honeybees, which could suggest an association with flowers. the new ...	2015	26624654
ploidy and domestication are associated with genome size variation in palms.	the genome size of a species (c-value) is associated with growth, development and adaptation to environmental changes. angiosperm c-values range 1200-fold and frequently vary within species, although little is known about the impacts of domestication on genome size. genome size variation among related species of palms is of evolutionary significance because changes characterize clades and may be associated with polyploidy, transposon amplifications, deletions, or rearrangements. further knowledg ...	2015	26437888
probable mechanisms of biocidal action of cocos nucifera husk extract and fractions on bacteria isolates.	the incidence of resistance to the existing antibiotics by microorganisms demand increased effort in the development of new antibiotics for the treatment of microbial infections and diseases. infections due to multidrug resistant pathogens are difficult to manage due to relatively limited choices of antimicrobial agents. this study investigated antimicrobial activities of the husk extract of cocos nucifera on some bacteria that are associated with human diseases.	2015	25889003
metabolic engineering of medium-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in nicotiana benthamiana plant leaf lipids.	various research groups are investigating the production of oil in non-seed biomass such as leaves. recently, high levels of oil accumulation have been achieved in plant biomass using a combination of biotechnological approaches which also resulted in significant changes to the fatty acid composition of the leaf oil. in this study, we were interested to determine whether medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa) could be accumulated in leaf oil. mcfa are an ideal feedstock for biodiesel and a range of ole ...	2015	25852716
vegetation in bangalore's slums: composition, species distribution, density, diversity, and history.	there is widespread acknowledgement of the need for biodiversity and greening to be part of urban sustainability efforts. yet we know little about greenery in the context of urban poverty, particularly in slums, which constitute a significant challenge for inclusive development in many rapidly growing cities. we assessed the composition, density, diversity, and species distribution of vegetation in 44 slums of bangalore, india, comparing these to published studies on vegetation diversity in othe ...	2015	25840697
the role of dietary coconut for the prevention and treatment of alzheimer's disease: potential mechanisms of action.	coconut, cocos nucifera l., is a tree that is cultivated to provide a large number of products, although it is mainly grown for its nutritional and medicinal values. coconut oil, derived from the coconut fruit, has been recognised historically as containing high levels of saturated fat; however, closer scrutiny suggests that coconut should be regarded more favourably. unlike most other dietary fats that are high in long-chain fatty acids, coconut oil comprises medium-chain fatty acids (mcfa). mc ...	2015	25997382
transcriptomics-based analysis using rna-seq of the coconut (cocos nucifera) leaf in response to yellow decline phytoplasma infection.	invasive phytoplasmas wreak havoc on coconut palms worldwide, leading to high loss of income, food insecurity and extreme poverty of farmers in producing countries. phytoplasmas as strictly biotrophic insect-transmitted bacterial pathogens instigate distinct changes in developmental processes and defence responses of the infected plants and manipulate plants to their own advantage; however, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying host-phytoplasma interactions. furt ...	2015	25893418
tissue culture and associated biotechnological interventions for the improvement of coconut (cocos nucifera l.): a review.	the present review discusses not only advances in coconut tissue culture and associated biotechnological interventions but also future research directions toward the resilience of this important palm crop. coconut (cocos nucifera l.) is commonly known as the 'tree of life'. every component of the palm can be used to produce items of value and many can be converted into industrial products. coconut cultivation faces a number of acute problems that reduce its productivity and competitiveness. thes ...	2015	26189000
african palm ethno-medicine.	this study is the first to demonstrate the breadth and patterns of the medicinal applications of african palms. it sheds light on species with the potential to provide new therapeutic agents for use in biomedicine; and links the gap between traditional use of palms and pharmacological evaluation for the beneficial effects of palm products on human health. last but not least, the study provides recommendations for the areas that should be targeted in future ethno-botanical surveys.	2015	25749399
coconut oil supplementation and physical exercise improves baroreflex sensitivity and oxidative stress in hypertensive rats.	the hypothesis that oral supplementation with virgin coconut oil (cocos nucifera l.) and exercise training would improve impaired baroreflex sensitivity (brs) and reduce oxidative stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) was tested. adult male shr and wistar kyoto rats (wky) were divided into 5 groups: wky + saline (n = 8); shr + saline (n = 8); shr + coconut oil (2 ml·day(-1), n = 8); shr + trained (n = 8); and shr + trained + coconut oil (n = 8). mean arterial pressure (map) was recorde ...	2015	25659569
isolation and characterization of bacteriocinogenic lactic bacteria from m-tuba and tepache, two traditional fermented beverages in méxico.	mexican tuba (m-tuba) and tepache are mexican fermented beverages prepared mainly with pineapple pulp and coconut palm, respectively. at present, reports on the microbiota and nutritional effects of both beverages are lacking. the purpose of this study was to determine whether m-tuba and tepache contain cultivable lactic acid bacteria (lab) capable of producing bacteriocins. tepache and m-tuba contain mesophilic aerobic bacteria, lab, and yeast. bacillus subtilis, listeria monocytogenes, listeri ...	2015	26405529
green synthesis, spectroscopic investigation and photocatalytic activity of lead nanoparticles.	most of researcher focused their research towards synthesize of nanoparticles by the method of applied chemical method which was one of the costliest method. we have focused cheapest and simplest method for the synthesizing of lead nanoparticles (pb-nps) using cocos nucifera l extract. the methanolic extract of cocos nucifera l was efficiently used as a reducing agent for synthesizing pb-nps. on treatment of lead acetate with cocos nucifera coir extracts, stable pb-nps were formed. the synthesiz ...	2015	25574657
cocos nucifera (l.) (arecaceae): a phytochemical and pharmacological review.	cocos nucifera (l.) (arecaceae) is commonly called the "coconut tree" and is the most naturally widespread fruit plant on earth. throughout history, humans have used medicinal plants therapeutically, and minerals, plants, and animals have traditionally been the main sources of drugs. the constituents of c. nucifera have some biological effects, such as antihelminthic, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. our objective in the presen ...	2015	26292222
2-furaldehyde diethyl acetal from tender coconut water (cocos nucifera) attenuates biofilm formation and quorum sensing-mediated virulence of chromobacterium violaceum and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	the aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm and quorum sensing inhibitory (qsi) potential of tender coconut water (tcw) against chromobacterium violaceum and pseudomonas aeruginosa. tcw significantly inhibited the qs regulated violacein, virulence factors and biofilm production without affecting their growth. qrt-pcr analysis revealed the down-regulation of autoinducer synthase, transcriptional regulator and virulence genes. mass-spectrometric analysis of a petroleum ether extract of ...	2015	26571230
ethnobotanical survey of cosmetic plants used in marquesas islands (french polynesia).	cosmetic plants and their uses have often been neglected in ethnobotanical surveys which focus mainly on plants with medicinal or food uses. thus, this survey was carried out to specifically investigate cosmetics in a small community and to establish a cosmetopoeia, based on the model of pharmacopoeia for medicinal plants. the geographic spread of the survey covered the marquesas islands, one of the five archipelagos of french polynesia (pacific ocean). this archipelago was also recently investi ...	2016	27899137
green coconut mesocarp pretreated by an alkaline process as raw material for bioethanol production.	cocos nucifera l., coconut, is a palm of high importance in the food industry, but a considerable part of the biomass is inedible. in this study, the pretreatment and saccharification parameters naoh solution, pretreatment duration and enzyme load were evaluated for the production of hydrolysates from green coconut mesocarp using 18% (w/v) total solids (ts). hydrolysates were not detoxified in order to preserve sugars solubilized during the pretreatment. reduction of enzyme load from 15 to 7.5 f ...	2016	27295252
cocos nucifera coir-mediated green synthesis of pd nps and its investigation against larvae and agricultural pest.	in recent decades, several scientists focused their process towards nanoparticles synthesis by using various sustainable approaches. cocos nucifera (c. nucifera) was one of the versatile trees in tropical regions which also can act as a thrust quencher in all over the world. cocos nucifera coir was one of the waste by-products in all coconut-refining industries and with the help c. nucifera coir, palladium nanoparticles (pd nps) were synthesized. green-synthesized spherical-shape pd nps were ove ...	2016	27908201
coconut lethal yellowing diseases: a phytoplasma threat to palms of global economic and social significance.	the recent discovery of bogia coconut syndrome in papua new guinea (png) is the first report of a lethal yellowing disease (lyd) in oceania. numerous outbreaks of lyds of coconut have been recorded in the caribbean and africa since the late nineteenth century and have caused the death of millions of palms across several continents during the twentieth century. despite the severity of economic losses, it was only in the 1970s that the causes of lyds were identified as phytoplasmas, a group of ins ...	2016	27833616
de novo assembly and characterization of global transcriptome of coconut palm (cocos nucifera l.) embryogenic calli using illumina paired-end sequencing.	production and supply of quality planting material is significant to coconut cultivation but is one of the major constraints in coconut productivity. rapid multiplication of coconut through in vitro techniques, therefore, is of paramount importance. although somatic embryogenesis in coconut is a promising technique that will allow for the mass production of high quality palms, coconut is highly recalcitrant to in vitro culture. in order to overcome the bottlenecks in coconut somatic embryogenesi ...	2016	26210639
virgin coconut oil supplementation ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced systemic toxicity in mice.	virgin coconut oil (vco) is an unrefined kernal oil, prepared from cocos nucifera l., having substantial nutritional and medicinal value. experimental studies have suggested its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory and hypolipidemic effects. the present study assesses its effect on formalin-induced chronic inflammation and cyclophosphamide (ctx)-induced systemic toxicity in murine models. oral administration of vco effectively reduced formalin-induced paw oedema in mice with more or ...	2016	25805601
complete sequence and analysis of coconut palm (cocos nucifera) mitochondrial genome.	coconut (cocos nucifera l.), a member of the palm family (arecaceae), is one of the most economically important crops in tropics, serving as an important source of food, drink, fuel, medicine, and construction material. here we report an assembly of the coconut (c. nucifera, oman local tall cultivar) mitochondrial (mt) genome based on next-generation sequencing data. this genome, 678,653bp in length and 45.5% in gc content, encodes 72 proteins, 9 pseudogenes, 23 trnas, and 3 ribosomal rnas. with ...	2016	27736909
antimicrobial peptide (cn-amp2) from liquid endosperm of cocos nucifera forms amyloid-like fibrillar structure.	cn-amp2 is an antimicrobial peptide derived from liquid endosperm of coconut (cocos nucifera). it consists of 11 amino acid residues and predicted to have high propensity for β-sheet formation that disposes this peptide to be amyloidogenic. in the present study, we have examined the amyloidogenic propensities of cn-amp2 in silico and then tested the predictions under in vitro conditions. the in silico study revealed that the peptide possesses high amyloidogenic propensity comparable with aβ. upo ...	2016	27028204
genetic relationships among tall coconut palm (cocos nucifera l.) accessions of the international coconut genebank for latin america and the caribbean (icg-lac), evaluated using microsatellite markers (ssrs).	the diversity and genetic relationships among two accessions of tall coconut palms collected in brazil and seven accessions introduced from different geographic regions of the world were analyzed using 25 microsatellite primers, 19 of which were polymorphic and detected between 4 and 10 alleles per locus, with an average of 6.57. the observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.25 and 0.40 in the rennell islands tall (rit) accession to 0.54 and 0.62 in the polynesian tall (pyt) accession. ...	2016	26974540
coconut genome size determined by flow cytometry: tall versus dwarf types.	coconuts (cocos nucifera l.) are tropical palm trees that are classified into tall and dwarf types based on height, and both types are diploid (2n = 2x = 32 chromosomes). the reproduction mode is autogamous for dwarf types and allogamous for tall types. one hypothesis for the origin of the dwarf coconut suggests that it is a tall variant that resulted from either mutation or inbreeding, and differences in genome size between the two types would support this hypothesis. in this study, we estimate ...	2016	26909966
infestation of raoiella indica hirst (trombidiformes: tenuipalpidae) on host plants of high socio-economic importance for tropical america.	the mite raoiella indica hirst was recently introduced into america, where it has shown amazing ability to disseminate and broaden its range of hosts. an experiment was conducted in cancún, mexico, to determine infestation levels of this mite on plants recorded as hosts: coconut palm (cocos nucifera) of cultivars pacific tall and malayan dwarf, oil palm (elaeis guineensis) hybrids deli x ghana and deli x nigeria, dwarf giant banana (musa acuminata, aaa subgroup cavendish), horn plantain (m. acum ...	2016	26874954
antidepressant, antioxidant and neurotrophic properties of the standardized extract of cocos nucifera husk fiber in mice.	the plant cocos nucifera and its derivatives have shown antidepressant-like effects, although its hydroalcoholic extract has not been studied with this end in mind. therefore, we decided to determine the antidepressant-like effects of the standardized hydroalcoholic extract of cocos nucifera husk fiber (hecn) as well as oxidative alterations in the prefrontal cortex (pfc), hippocampus (hc) and striatum (st), and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) in the hc of mice. the extrac ...	2016	26857134
low-cost and eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using coconut (cocos nucifera) oil cake extract and its antibacterial activity.	the present study reports the simple, inexpensive, eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (agnps) using coconut oil cake extract. scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy peak at 3 kev confirmed the presence of silver. transmission electron micrograph showed that nanoparticles are mostly circular with an average size of 10-70 nm. the results of the x-ray powder diffraction analysis (2θ = 46.2, 67.4 and 76.8) indicated the crystal nature of the agnps. fourier transform ...	2016	26855063
evaluation of tetraethoxysilane (teos) sol-gel coatings, modified with green synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles for combating microfouling.	green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno-nps) is gaining importance as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional methods due to its enormous applications. the present work reports the synthesis of zno-nps using the endosperm of cocos nucifera (coconut water) and the bio-molecules responsible for nanoparticle formation have been identified. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-visible spectroscopy (uv-vis), x-ray diffraction (xrd), fourier transform infrared spectro ...	2016	26838903
a simple turn on fluorescent sensor for the selective detection of thiamine using coconut water derived luminescent carbon dots.	in this study microwave-assisted hydrothermal method was used to prepare highly luminescent carbon dots (1-6 nm size) within a minute from tender coconut (cocos nucifera) water. the synthesized carbon dots (c-dots) exhibit emission of blue and green lights while excited at 390 and 450 nm wavelengths, respectively. as an application, these c-dots were tested for a simple "turn on" fluorescent sensor for rapid detection of thiamine (vitamin b1). the detection of thiamine in human body is very impo ...	2016	26745793
antimalarial plants used by indigenous people of the upper rio negro in amazonas, brazil.	this is the first intercultural report of antimalarial plants in this region. the aim of this study was to document the medicinal plants used against malaria by indigenous people in the upper rio negro region and to review the literature on antimalarial activity and traditional use of the cited species.	2016	26656535
de novo transcriptome assembly and identification of the gene conferring a "pandan-like" aroma in coconut (cocos nucifera l.).	thailand's aromatic coconut (cocos nucifera l.) is a special type of green dwarf coconut, the liquid endosperm of which is characterized by a pleasant "pandan-like" aroma due to the presence of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2ap). the aim of this study was to perform a de novo assembly of transriptome from c. nucifera endosperm and to identify the gene responsible for 2ap biosynthesis. cnamadh2 was identified as an ortholog of the rice aromatic gene and a g-to-c substitution found in exon 14 was associat ...	2016	27717469
single base substitution causing the fragrant phenotype and development of a type-specific marker in aromatic coconut (cocos nucifera).	the fragrance gene, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (badh2), has been well studied in many plant species. the objectives of this study were to clone badh2 and compare the sequences between aromatic and non-aromatic coconuts. the complete coding region was cloned from cdna of both aromatic and non-aromatic coconuts. the nucleotide sequences were highly homologous to badh2 genes of other plants. badh2 consisted of a 1512-bp open reading frame encoding 503 amino acids. a single nucleotide differen ...	2016	27706750
coconut model for learning first steps of craniotomy techniques and cerebrospinal fluid leak avoidance.	neurosurgery simulation has gained attention recently due to changes in the medical system. first-year neurosurgical residents in low-income countries usually perform their first craniotomy on a real subject. development of high-fidelity, cheap, and largely available simulators is a challenge in residency training. an original model for the first steps of craniotomy with cerebrospinal fluid leak avoidance practice using a coconut is described.	2016	27613497
in vitro antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate soluble proanthocyanidins of the inflorescence of cocos nucifera l.	proanthocyanidins belong to a class of polyphenolic compounds called flavonoids and have been reported to exhibit important biological activities. the immature inflorescence of cocos nucifera l. is used by ayurvedic and traditional medical practitioners for the treatment of menorrhagia in sri lanka. our studies have shown that the inflorescence of cocos nucifera l. predominantly contains proanthocyanidins.	2016	27595601
cocowood fibrovascular tissue system-another wonder of plant evolution.	the coconut palm (cocos nucifera l.) stem tissue (referred to as cocowood in this study) is a complex fibrovascular system that is made up of fibrovascular bundles embedded into a parenchymatous ground tissue. the complex configuration of fibrovascular bundles along with the non-uniform distribution of the material properties likely allow senile coconut stems to optimize their biomechanical performance per unit mass (i.e., mechanical efficiency) and grow into tall, slender, and very flexible pla ...	2016	27555849
determination of pesticides in coconut (cocos nucifera linn.) water and pulp using modified quechers and lc-ms/ms.	the use of pesticides is directly linked to improvements in productivity and to the preservation of coconut palms. however pesticide analysis is necessary to determine whether pesticide residues in the food products containing coconut are within the maximum residue limits (mrls), ensuring the quality of these products. this work aimed to develop a method for multiresidue determination of ten pesticides in coconut water and pulp using quechers and lc-ms/ms. the method was effective in terms of se ...	2016	27451226
spectroscopic investigation of biosynthesized nickel nanoparticles and its larvicidal, pesticidal activities.	methanolic extract of cocos nucifera (c. nucifera) was collected using soxhlet apparatus. c. nucifera methanolic extract was used to prepare nickel nanoparticles (ni nps). eco-friendly synthesized ni nps were confirmed by several analytical techniques such as uv-visible spectroscopy (uv-vis), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ft-ir), x-ray diffraction (xrd), scanning electron microscope (sem), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edax), transmission electron microscope (tem) and zeta potenti ...	2016	27371915
parasitoids of gangara thyrsis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: hesperiidae) with description of a new species of agiommatus crawford, 1911 (hymenoptera: pteromalidae) from india with notes on biology.	in rearing of gangara thyrsis (fabricius) (lepidoptera: hesperiidae) from karnataka and goa, india, six species of parasitoids were observed. one new species of parasitic wasp is described and illustrated: agiommatus thyrsisae n. sp. (hymenoptera: pteromalidae), a solitary parasitoid reared from the egg of g. thyrsis on the natural host plant dypsis lutescens (h. wendl.) beentje & j. dransf. three additional species of parasitic wasps were also reared: anastatus ramakrishnai (mani, 1935) (hymeno ...	2016	27307173
estimated crop loss due to coconut mite and financial analysis of controlling the pest using the acaricide abamectin.	reducing the losses caused by aceria guerreronis keifer has been an arduous task for farmers. however, there are no detailed studies on losses that simultaneously analyse correlated parameters, and very few studies that address the economic viability of chemical control, the main strategy for managing this pest. in this study the objectives were (1) to estimate the crop loss due to coconut mite and (2) to perform a financial analysis of acaricide application to control the pest. for this, the fo ...	2016	27059867
an overview of phytoconstituents, biotechnological applications, and nutritive aspects of coconut (cocos nucifera).	cocos nucifera is one of the highest nutritional and medicinal value plants with various fractions of proteins which play a major role in several biological applications such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-neoplastic, anti-parasitic, insecticidal, and leishmanicidal activities. this review is focused on several biotechnological, biomedical aspects of various solvent extracts collected from different parts of coconut and the phytochemical constituents which are present ...	2016	27052209
effect of microwave drying and oven drying on the water activity, color, phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of coconut husk (cocos nucifera l.).	the coconut (cocos nucifera l.) husk is basically composed by fiber and pith material and remained under-utilized. this is an important source of phenolic compounds that could be used as functional ingredients. the aim of this study was to determine the effect of: oven-drying (od) and microwave drying (md), on the water activity, color, phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity of coconut husk. the od was performed at 60 °c for 12 h and md was performed at 900 w for 10 min. the total ph ...	2016	27777455
association of tree nut and coconut sensitizations.	coconut (cocos nucifera), despite being a drupe, was added to the us food and drug administration list of tree nuts in 2006, causing potential confusion regarding the prevalence of coconut allergy among tree nut allergic patients.	2016	27566863
safety assessment of widely used fermented virgin coconut oil (cocos nucifera) in malaysia: chronic toxicity studies and sar analysis of the active components.	fermented virgin coconut oil (fvco) is widely used in the southeast asia as food and traditional medicine. the objective of the present study is the evaluation of chronic safety of the commercialized fvco of malaysia and other southeast asian countries. a single dose of 5000 mg/kg of fvco was administered orally in rats (each group, n = 5) for the acute toxicity study and 175, 550 and 2000 mg/kg for sub-chronic and chronic studies (each group, n = 10), respectively. the behavior, mortality, and ...	2016	27756558
protective effect of mangifera indica linn., cocos nucifera linn., and averrhoa carambola linn. extracts against ultraviolet b-induced damage in human keratinocytes.	this study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant activity of mangifera indica linn., cocos nucifera linn., and averrhoa carambola linn. and their biological effect on human keratinocytes affected by the ultraviolet b (uvb), a major cause of cell damage and skin cancer through induction of dna damage, production of reactive oxygen species (ros), and apoptosis. the richest antioxidant activity was found in ethanol fraction of m. indica (21.32 ± 0.66 mg qe/g dry weight), while the lowest one w ...	2016	27057195
bud rot caused by phytophthora palmivora: a destructive emerging disease of oil palm.	oomycetes from the genus phytophthora are among the most important plant pathogens in agriculture. epidemics caused by p. infestans precipitated the great irish famine and had a major impact on society and human history. in the tropics, p. palmivora is a pathogen of many plant species including cacao (theobroma cacao), citrus (citrus sp.), durian (durio zibethines), jackfruit (artrocarpus heterophyllus), rubber (hevea brasiliensis), and several palm species including coconut (cocos nucifera), an ...	2016	26714102