Publications

[biology of amblyseius largoensis (muma) (acari: phytoseiidae), a potential predator of aceria guerreronis keifer (acari: eriophyidae) on coconut trees].	aceria guerreronis keifer is considered one of the main pests of coconuts around the world. amongst the phytoseiidae recorded on this crop, amblyseius largoensis (muma) has been reported in association with a. guerreronis. in order to verify whether a. largoensis feeds on a. guerreronis, the biology of this predator was evaluated on different food sources, including a. guerreronis. three types of diet were tested [tetranychus urticae koch + castor bean (ricinus communis l.) pollen + honey at 10% ...	2007	17710331
effect of mexican medicinal plant used to treat trichomoniasis on trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites.	crude methanolic extracts from 22 mexican medicinal plants were screened for antitrichomonal activity against trichomonas vaginalis, which is the etiological agent of trichomoniasis. among the plants tested carica papaya and cocos nucifera showed the best antitrichomonal activity with ic(50) values of 5.6 and 5.8 microg/ml, respectively. the extracts of bocconia frutescens, geranium mexicanum, and lygodium venustum showed moderate activity with ic(50) values ranging from 30.9 to 60.9 microg/ml. ...	2007	17628366
identification of a 7s globulin as a novel coconut allergen.	coconut (cocos nucifera) is a monocotyledonous plant of the arecaceae family. allergy to coconut is infrequent, with only 5 cases reported so far in the medical literature.	2007	17601273
identification of molecular markers associated with mite resistance in coconut (cocos nucifera l.).	coconut mite (aceria guerreronis 'keifer') has become a major threat to indian coconut (coçcos nucifera l.) cultivators and the processing industry. chemical and biological control measures have proved to be costly, ineffective, and ecologically undesirable. planting mite-resistant coconut cultivars is the most effective method of preventing yield loss and should form a major component of any integrated pest management stratagem. coconut genotypes, and mite-resistant and -susceptible accessions ...	2007	17546069
analyses of gibberellins by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry combined with solid-phase extraction.	a new, simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (ce-ms) method, using a cationic polymer-coated capillary to reverse electroosmotic flow, is proposed and validated for the separation and simultaneous quantification of 11 gibberellins (gas). under optimum conditions, a baseline separation of 11 gas, including ga1, ga3, ga4, ga5, ga6, ga7, ga13, ga19, ga20, ga24 and ga53 was accomplished within 25 min using 70 mm ammonium formate/formic acid buffer (ph 3.8) and 2% (v/v) acetoni ...	2007	17543977
the skimmiwallinols--minor components of the epicuticular wax of cocos nucifera.	four new skimmiwallinol derivatives, isoskimmiwallinol acetate (4), skimmiwallinol acetate (5), isoskimmiwallinone (6) and skimmiwallinone (7), along with the previously isolated major components isoskimmiwallin (2) and skimmiwallin (3), have been found in the wax extract of pinnae from cocos nucifera. metabolites 4 and 5 were obtained as an inseparable mixture and identified by analysis of spectroscopic data and chemical correlation with 2 and 3, respectively. metabolites 6 and 7 were identifie ...	2007	17500360
optimization of ultrasound extraction of phenolic compounds from coconut (cocos nucifera) shell powder by response surface methodology.	coconut is a tropical fruit largely consumed in many countries. in some areas of the brazilian coast, coconut shell represents more than 60% of the domestic waste volume. the coconut shell is composed mainly of lignin and cellulose, having a chemical composition very similar to wood and suitable for phenolic extraction. in this work, the use of ultrasound to extract phenolic compounds from coconut shell was evaluated. the effect of temperature, solution to solid ratio, ph and extraction time wer ...	2008	17400017
coconut fats.	in many areas of sri lanka the coconut tree and its products have for centuries been an integral part of life, and it has come to be called the "tree of life". however, in the last few decades, the relationship between coconut fats and health has been the subject of much debate and misinformation. coconut fats account for 80% of the fat intake among sri lankans. around 92% of these fats are saturated fats. this has lead to the belief that coconut fats are 'bad for health', particularly in relati ...	2006	17180807
[evaluation of hyalospila ptychis (dyar) (lepidoptera: phycitidae) damage in coconut palm].	the aim of this study was to evaluate the losses provoked by the moth hyalospila ptychis (dyar) on green-dwarf coconut trees at una, state of bahia, brazil. inflorescences of 100 trees were inspected monthly, from april 1997 to march 1998, in a 15 ha orchard. the number of coconuts per inflorescence, fruits damaged by h. ptychis, and fruit losses due to other causes, were recorded. the number of nuts per inflorescence followed a seasonal variation. the average losses caused by the pest were arou ...	2006	17061801
ethnomedicines used in trinidad and tobago for urinary problems and diabetes mellitus.	this paper is based on ethnobotanical interviews conducted from 1996-2000 in trinidad and tobago with thirty male and female respondents.	2006	17040567
ticks (acari: ixodidae) associated with wildlife and vegetation of haller park along the kenyan coastline.	this artcile describes the results obtained from a tick survey conducted in haller park along the kenyan coastline. the survey aimed at evaluating tick-host associations, assessing tick population density, and providing baseline information for planning future tick control and management in the park. ticks (2,968) were collected by handpicking from eight species of wildlife and by dragging in 14 selected sites within the park. a considerable proportion of ticks were also collected from leaves, s ...	2006	17017210
analysis of cytokinin nucleotides in coconut (cocos nucifera l.) water using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry after solid-phase extraction.	a method based on solid-phase extraction (spe) and capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry (cze-ms/ms) is described for the separation and determination of six cytokinin nucleotides in coconut water. the best cze separation for the six cytokinin nucleotide standards was achieved using a 25 mm ammonium formate/formic acid buffer (ph 3.8) and 2% (v/v) methanol with an applied gradient separation voltage (25 kv for 32 min, and then a linear gradient to 30 kv in 5 min, finally 30 kv ...	2006	16965778
natural experiments indicate that geomagnetic variations cause spatial and temporal variations in coconut palm asymmetry.		2006	16957133
biochemical profile of coconut water from coconut palms planted in an inland region.	to analyze the biochemical profile of coconut water from dwarf coconut palms planted in non-coastal regions, during the maturation period (sixth to ninth month).	2013	16912834
unfertilized ovary: a novel explant for coconut (cocos nucifera l.) somatic embryogenesis.	unfertilized ovaries isolated from immature female flowers of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) were tested as a source of explants for callogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. the correct developmental stage of ovary explants and suitable in vitro culture conditions for consistent callus production were identified. the concentration of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) and activated charcoal was found to be critical for callogenesis. when cultured in a medium containing 100 microm 2,4-d and 0.1% ...	2007	16902798
occupational marks in a coconut tree climber.		2006	16880584
a putative acyl-coa-binding protein is a major phloem sap protein in rice (oryza sativa l.).	the n-terminal amino-acid sequence of a major rice phloem-sap protein, named rpp10, was determined. rpp10 is encoded by a single gene in the rice genome. its complete amino-acid sequence, predicted from the corresponding rice full-length cdna, showed high similarity to plant acyl-coa-binding proteins (acbps). western blot analysis using anti-acbp antiserum revealed that putative acbp is abundant in the phloem sap of rice plants, and is also present in sieve-tube exudates of winter squash (cucurb ...	2006	16804052
the variation in the methoxyl and cellulose values of the fibre of the fruit of cocos nucifera during its growth from infancy of the nut to its ultimate drying on the tree.		1935	16745667
the kernel-fats of some members of the palmae: acrocomia sclerocarpa mart. (gru-gru palm), manicaria saccifera gaertn., astrocaryum tucuma mart., maximiliana caribaea griseb., attalea excelsa mart. (pallia palm), and cocos nucifera linn. (coconut).		1933	16745241
the chemistry of the products of cocos nucifera. ii.		1933	16745085
the chemistry of the products of cocos nucifera. i.		1930	16744495
determination of cytokinins in coconut (cocos nucifera l.) water using capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry.	the applicability of cze in combination with ms and ms/ms methods for the simultaneous separation and determination of 12 cytokinins was investigated for the first time. cytokinins were first completely separated by cze within less than 20 min using a volatile buffer and then detected directly by ms or ms/ms. satisfactory separation of the 12 cytokinin standards was achieved using a 25 mm ammonium formate/formic acid buffer (ph 3.4) and 3% acn v/v with a separation voltage of 25 kv. on the basis ...	2006	16736454
the potential of cost-effective coconut husk for the removal of toxic metal ions for environmental protection.	coconut (cocos nucifera) husk, an agricultural waste, has been thoroughly investigated for the removal of toxic cd(ii), cr(iii) and hg(ii) ions from aqueous media. the parameters like nature and composition of electrolyte, concentration of toxic ions, dosage of coconut husk, and equilibration time between the two phases were optimized for their maximum accumulation onto the solid surface. the effect of common ions on the uptake of metal ions has been monitored under optimal conditions. the varia ...	2006	16713064
liquid phase adsorption of crystal violet onto activated carbons derived from male flowers of coconut tree.	adsorption of crystal violet, a basic dye onto phosphoric and sulphuric acid activated carbons (paac and saac), prepared from male flowers coconut tree has been investigated. equilibrium data were successfully applied to study the kinetics and mechanism of adsorption of dye onto both the carbons. the kinetics of adsorption was found to be pseudo second order with regard to intraparticle diffusion. the pseudo second order is further supported by the elovich model, which in turn intensifies the fa ...	2006	16675107
variants of coconut cadang-cadang viroid isolated from an african oil palm (elaies guineensis jacq.) in malaysia.	variants of coconut cadang-cadang viroid have been identified in a plantation oil palm growing in malaysia. three size classes are described, comprising 297, 293, and 270 nt. compared with the 296-nt form of coconut cadang-cadang viroid (cccvd), all variants substituted c31 --> u in the pathogenicity domain and a175 --> c in the right-hand terminus. other mutations and deletions accounted for the different sizes. these are the first sequences reported for variants of coconut cadang-cadang viroid ...	2006	16470341
study of banana and coconut fibers botanical composition, thermal degradation and textural observations.	four fibers from banana-trees (leaf, trunk) and coconut-tree (husk, fabric) were examined before their incorporation in cementitious matrices, in order to prepare insulating material for construction. their botanical compositions have been determined following a method described previously. thermal degradation of these fibers were studied between 200 and 700 degrees c under nitrogen gas flow. temperature of pyrolysis was the experimental parameter investigated. the solid residues obtained were a ...	2007	16442281
nutrient content of four edible wild plants from west africa.	non-cereal plant foods in the western sahel of africa contribute significantly to the diets of local residents, especially during periods of grain shortages. in this paper, we analyze four such plant foods including diyan kwakwa (nut of coconut palm, cocos nucifera l.), muricin giginya (young shoot of borassus aethiopum), tsamiya biri (fruit of the tree, tamarindus indica), and yari (a mixture of lichens, mainly rimelia reticulate) that grows on ebony trees (diospyros mespiliformis). they were a ...	2005	16395630
the invasive coconut mite aceria guerreronis (acari: eriophyidae): origin and invasion sources inferred from mitochondrial (16s) and nuclear (its) sequences.	over the past 30 years the coconut mite aceria guerreronis keifer has emerged as one of the most important pests of coconut and has recently spread to most coconut production areas worldwide. the mite has not been recorded in the indo-pacific region, the area of origin of coconut, suggesting that it has infested coconut only recently. to investigate the geographical origin, ancestral host associations, and colonization history of the mite, dna sequence data from two mitochondrial and one nuclear ...	2005	16336700
qtl analysis of fruit components in the progeny of a rennell island tall coconut (cocos nucifera l.) individual.	we investigated the genetic factors controlling fruit components in coconut by performing qtl analyses for fruit component weights and ratios in a segregating progeny of a rennell island tall genotype. the underlying linkage map of this population was already established in a previous study, as well as qtl analyses for fruit production, which were used to complement our results. the addition of 53 new markers (mainly ssrs) led to minor amendments in the map. a total of 52 putative qtls were iden ...	2006	16307230
elevated blood selenium levels in the brazilian amazon.	contaminated fish poses a difficult challenge throughout the world, on the one hand, fish is a very nutritious food source, while on the other hand it accumulates many toxic substances, including mercury (hg). as part of our efforts in the brazilian amazon to maximize nutritional input from fish consumption, a dietary mainstay, and minimize toxic risk, we have been studying the role of selenium (se), an essential element, that may influence the distribution of hg in the body and influence hg neu ...	2006	16289298
identification of kinetin and kinetin riboside in coconut (cocos nucifera l.) water using a combined approach of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis.	kinetin (free base and riboside), which was assumed by many scientists to be a synthetic cytokinin plant growth hormone, has been detected for the first time in the endosperm liquid of fresh young coconut fruits ("coconut water"). to facilitate the study, we developed a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms) method for the identification and quantification of kinetin and kinetin riboside in purified coconut water extract sample. following a solid-phase extraction of ...	2005	16216563
adsorption of dissolved reactive red dye from aqueous phase onto activated carbon prepared from agricultural waste.	the adsorption of reactive red dye (rr) onto coconut tree flower carbon (cfc) and jute fibre carbon (jfc) from aqueous solution was investigated. adsorption studies were carried out at different initial dye concentrations, initial solution ph and adsorbent doses. the kinetic studies were also conducted; the adsorption of reactive red onto cfc and jfc followed pseudosecond-order rate equation. the effective diffusion coefficient was evaluated to establish the film diffusion mechanism. quantitativ ...	2006	16182523
the oryctes virus: its detection, identification, and implementation in biological control of the coconut palm rhinoceros beetle, oryctes rhinoceros (coleoptera: scarabaeidae).	in view of the increasing and devastating damage by rhinoceros beetle (oryctes rhinoceros) to coconut palms in the middle of last century, many efforts were made to find an efficient natural control factor against this pest, which could not be controlled by pesticides. the basic procedures of these monitoring programmes are outlined together with the final detection of a virus disease in oil palm estates in malaysia in 1963. in extensive laboratory studies, the virus was isolated and identified ...	2005	16039308
antibacterial properties of some plants used in mexican traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.	antibacterial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of 26 medicinal plants used in mexico to treat gastrointestinal disorders were tested against eight different species of enteropathogens: two escherichia coli species; two shigella sonnei species; two shigella flexneri species; and two salmonella sp. species. the results showed that all crude extracts exhibited antibacterial activity, at least against one of the microorganisms tested, at concentrations of 8 mg/ml or lower. the extracts ...	2005	16005589
experimental investigation of various vegetable fibers as sorbent materials for oil spills.	oil spills are a global concern due to their environmental and economical impact. various commercial systems have been developed to control these spills, including the use of fibers as sorbents. this research investigates the use of various vegetable fibers, namely mixed leaves residues, mixed sawdust, sisal (agave sisalana), coir fiber (cocos nucifera), sponge-gourd (luffa cylindrica) and silk-floss as sorbent materials of crude oil. sorption tests with crude oil were conducted in deionized and ...	2005	15946707
profiling c6-c3 and c6-c1 phenolic metabolites in cocos nucifera.	this paper reports the detection and identification of phenolic metabolites (c6-c3 and c6-c1 compounds) in cocos nucifera. an hplc/uv system was used to analyze the soluble and wall-associated phenolics in mesocarp and leaf tissues of c. nucifera. alkaline hydrolysis of the cell wall material of the mesocarpic and leaf tissues yielded 4-hydroxybenzoic acid as the major phenolic compound. other phenolic acids identified were ferulic acid, 4-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillic acid. ...	2005	15900879
the control of hypertension by use of coconut water and mauby: two tropical food drinks.	in this study, the authors investigated the effect of regular consumption of two tropical food drinks, coconut (cocos nucifera) water and mauby (colubrina arborescens), on the control of hypertension. twenty-eight hypertensive subjects were assigned to four equal groups and their systolic and diastolic blood pressures recorded for two weeks before and then for another two weeks while receiving one of four interventions. one group (the control) received bottled drinking water, the second group re ...	2005	15892382
11s and 7s globulins of coconut (cocos nucifera l.): purification and characterization.	total globulins extracted with 0.4 m nacl in buffer from coconut endosperm separated into two peaks on gel filtration: peak i corresponding to 11s globulin or cocosin and peak ii to 7s globulin with native molecular weights of 326 000 and 156 000, respectively. the percent composition of total globulins was estimated to be 11s, 86% and 7s, 14%. on sds-page, cocosin resolved into two closely migrating bands at approximately 34 000 (acidic polypeptide) and another set of 2 bands at 24 000 (basic p ...	2005	15740067
chromoblastomycosis.	a 70-year-old male agriculturist from a rural area presented with a history of a painless verrucous lesion over the medial aspect of the left leg for 1 year following abrasion by a branch of a coconut tree. koh preparation of the skin biopsy showed evidence of fungal elements. cladophilalospora sp. was isolated in culture. the case was diagnosed as chromoblastomycosis. as there was no response to itraconazole, complete surgical resection of the lesion was done. at follow-up after 1 year there wa ...	2005	15679674
genotoxicity induced by saponified coconut oil surfactant in prokaryote systems.	surfactants are amphiphilic substances with special properties and chemical structures that allow a reduction in interfacial tension, which permits an increase in molecule solubilization. the critical micelle concentration (cmc) is an important characteristic of surfactants that determines their aggregate state, which is generally related to its functional mechanism. in this work the genotoxic potential of saponified coconut oil (sco), a surfactant obtained from cocos nucifera, was analyzed usin ...	2004	15548754
influence of dietary fiber from coconut kernel (cocos nucifera) on the 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced lipid peroxidation in rats.	the influence of dietary fiber from coconut kernel isolated by the neutral detergent fiber method on the antioxidant status in rats treated with the colon specific carcinogen 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (dmh) was studied in rats fed a high-fat diet for 15 weeks. the dmh-treated fiber group showed higher levels of lipid peroxides than the control group treated with dmh at the preneoplastic and neoplastic stages. free fatty acid levels were found to decrease significantly in the dmh-treated control grou ...	1999	15539336
hydrophobic metabolites of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d) in cultured coconut tissue.	cultures of inflorescence and plumular tissues of coconut palm (cocos nucifera l.) were maintained in the presence of the auxin, [14c]2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d), so that its metabolic fate could be studied. thin layer chromatography of methanol extracts of the plumular tissue showed that four classes of metabolites, as well as the unchanged acid, were recovered in the extract. in inflorescence tissue, only the unchanged acid and the most polar class of metabolites (metabolite i) were ...	2004	15474562
analysis of some cytokinins in coconut (cocos nucifera l.) water by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography after solid-phase extraction.	micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (mecc) was developed for the separation of cytokinins including trans-zeatin, trans-zeatin-o-glucoside, dihydrozeatin, dihydrozeatin-o-glucoside, meta-topolin riboside, n6-isopentenyladenine and n6-benzylaminopurine. under the optimum conditions, i.e. a combination of 10 mm phosphate and 10 mm borate as the running buffer containing 50 mm sodium dodecyl sulphate at ph 10.4, the separation of seven cytokinin standards was accomplished within 11 min ...	2004	15453426
double ovary in cocos nucifera linn.		1950	15414629
the occurrence and allergising potential of airborne pollen in west bengal, india.	a continuous 2-year volumetric aerobiological survey was conducted in berhampore town, a centrally located and representative part of west bengal, india. the aim of the study was to assess the allergising potential of airborne pollen grains of west bengal. a total of 31 pollen types were identified of which poaceae (grasses) pollen showed maximum frequency, followed by cyperaceae, cassia sp., acacia auriculiformis, etc. the seasonal periodicities of the pollen types and their relationship to met ...	2004	15236497
antinociceptive and free radical scavenging activities of cocos nucifera l. (palmae) husk fiber aqueous extract.	in the current study, the analgesic and free radical scavenging properties of an aqueous extract from the husk fiber of cocos nucifera l. (palmae) were demonstrated by the use of in vivo and in vitro models. the orally administered cocos nucifera aqueous extract (200 or 400 mg/kg) inhibited the acetic acid-induced writhing response in mice. tail flick and hot plate assays demonstrated that treatment of animals with this plant extract at 200 mg/kg induced attenuation in the response to a heat sti ...	2004	15138011
leishmanicidal activity of polyphenolic-rich extract from husk fiber of cocos nucifera linn. (palmae).	the available therapy for leishmaniasis, which affects 2 million people per annum, still causes serious side effects. the polyphenolic-rich extract from the husk fiber of cocos nucifera linn. (palmae) presents antibacterial and antiviral activities, also inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation, as shown by our group in previous works. in the present study, the in vitro leishmanicidal effects of c. nucifera on leishmania amazonensis were evaluated. the minimal inhibitory concentration of the polyphen ...	2004	15059625
herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of eastern cuba.	herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of eastern cuba. traditional herbal mixtures in eastern cuba are investigated through interviews with 130 knowledgeable people and traditional healers of the provinces of santiago de cuba and guantánamo. one hundred seventy plant species and other products are used in 199 formulas, galones being the more complex. cocos nucifera l. (arecaceae), bidens pilosa l. (asteraceae), cissus sicyoides l. (vitaceae), erythroxylum havanense jacq. (erythroxylaceae) ...	2004	15013195
the isolation of living nuclei from the endosperm of cocos nucifera.		1952	14913162
the phosphatases in coconut (cocos nucifera).		1951	14800437
distribution patterns of coconut mite, aceria guerreronis, and its predator neoseiulus aff. paspalivorus in coconut palms.	distribution patterns and numerical variability of the coconut mite aceria guerreronis keifer (acari: eriophyidae) and its predator neoseiulus aff. paspalivorus deleon (phytoseiidae) on the nuts of 3- to 7-month-old bunches of coconut palms were studied at two sites in sri lanka. at the two sites, coconut mites were present on 88 and 75% of the nuts but no more than three-quarters of those nuts showed damage symptoms. n. aff. paspalivorus was found more on mature nuts than on immature nuts. spat ...	2003	14756402
aeroallergens in clinical practice of allergy in india. an overview.	allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are dramatically increasing all over the world including developing countries like india. today, more than 30 % of the population is known to suffer from one or other allergic ailment. major causative agents implicated are pollen grains, fungal spores, dust mites, insect debris, animal epithelia, etc. several aerobiological studies have been conducted in different parts of the country to ascertain aerial concentr ...	2003	14677902
cr(vi) removal from synthetic wastewater using coconut shell charcoal and commercial activated carbon modified with oxidizing agents and/or chitosan.	in this study, the technical feasibility of coconut shell charcoal (csc) and commercial activated carbon (cac) for cr(vi) removal is investigated in batch studies using synthetic electroplating wastewater. both granular adsorbents are made up of coconut shell (cocos nucifera l.), an agricultural waste from local coconut industries. surface modifications of csc and cac with chitosan and/or oxidizing agents, such as sulfuric acid and nitric acid, respectively, are also conducted to improve removal ...	2004	14637353
the effect of a catechin-rich extract of cocos nucifera on lymphocytes proliferation.	catechins are polyphenols with antioxidant activity. the fruit cocos nucifera (palmae) has a fi ber husk rich in catechins and the local population of northeast brazil uses it as a medicine against various diseases. an anti-bacterial and anti-viral activity has been already observed using this substance. plant extracts, from other sources, rich in catechins are inhibitory to tumour cells, suppressing their proliferation. the aim of the present work was to verify if catechins isolated from cocos ...	2003	14595586
falls from coconut trees.		1964	14120992
prestaining treatment and squashing for somatic chromosomes of the coconut palm.		1961	13727703
glycaemic index of different coconut (cocos nucifera)-flour products in normal and diabetic subjects.	the glycaemic index (gi) of commonly consumed bakery products supplemented with increasing levels of coconut (cocos nucifera) flour was determined in ten normal and ten diabetic subjects. using a randomized crossover design, the control and test foods were fed in random order on separate occasions after an overnight fast. blood samples were collected through finger prick before and after feeding and were analysed for glucose levels using a clinical chemistry analyser. the significantly low-gi (< ...	2003	13129460
effects of processing on protein nutritive quality of coconut cocos nucifera products.	pared, comminuted and blanched coconut meat was freeze-dried at 25 degrees c for 24 hours and pulverized. whole coconut meal was solvent extracted with n-hexane to yield a defatted meal while full-fat coconut protein concentrate (ffc-pc) containing 27.60% protein was prepared by alkali extraction of undefatted meal followed by isoelectric precipitation. defatted coconut meal had a significantly (p < or = 0.05) lower crude fat but higher protein content than whole coconut meal. similarly, ffc-pc ...	2003	12859010
comparison of the effect of two excipients (karite nut butter and vaseline) on the efficacy of cocos nucifera, elaeis guineensis and carapa procera oil-based repellents formulations against mosquitoes biting in ivory coast.	repellents in the form of dermal pomades are recommended as a protection against awakening and bedtime mosquito bites. if synthesis repellents are available, they are nevertheless not common and the prices remain out of reach for the communities concerned. the people therefore have to resort more and more to traditional concoctions, some of which have been shown to be effective. after demonstrating that oil-based formulations (lotions, creams, pomades) of cocos nucifera (coconut), elaeis guineen ...	2003	12847928
[evaluation of the efficacity of coconut (cocos nucifera), palm nut (eleais guineensis) and gobi (carapa procera) lotions and creams in indivirual protection against simulium damnosum s.l. bites in côte d'ivoire].	with the interruption of larva treatments done by ocp as part of onchocerciasis control in west africa, simulium came back in abundance in forest regions and savannah fertile valleys. in addition to the severe discomfort, nuisance by simulium is in certain cases incompatible with land use. since ground treatment of larval breading sites using insecticides is not always possible or efficient, it is therefore a necessity to develop other methods among which individual protection against simulium b ...	2003	12836527
the effective and environmental half-life of 137cs at coral islands at the former us nuclear test site.	the united states (us) conducted nuclear weapons testing from 1946 to 1958 at bikini and enewetak atolls in the northern marshall islands. based on previous detailed dose assessments for bikini, enewetak, rongelap, and utirik atolls over a period of 28 years, cesium-137 (137cs) at bikini atoll contributes about 85-89% of the total estimated dose through the terrestrial food chain as a result of uptake of 137cs by food crops. the estimated integral 30, 50, and 70-year doses were based on the radi ...	2003	12832159
flow cytometric analysis of the cell cycle in different coconut palm (cocos nucifera l.) tissues cultured in vitro.	we conducted a study of the cell cycle of coconut palm tissues cultured in vitro in order to regulate regeneration. coconut palm is a plant for which it is difficult to monitor the ability of the meristematic cells to actively divide. cell nuclei were isolated from various types of coconut palm tissues with and without in vitro culture. after the nuclei were stained with propidium iodide, relative fluorescence intensity was estimated by flow cytometry. characterization of the cell cycle reinforc ...	2003	12827436
in vitro evaluation of antioxidant properties of cocos nucifera linn. water.	tender cocos nucifera l. (palmacea) water (cw), variety chandrasankara, was tested for its ability to scavenge free radicals, inhibit lipid peroxidation and protect hemoglobin from nitrite-induced oxidation. fresh sample of cw scavenged 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (dpph), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (abts) and superoxide radicals but promoted the production of hydroxyl radicals and increased lipid peroxidation. the activity was most significant for fresh samples of c ...	2003	12744292
utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions.	activated carbons were prepared from the agricultural solid wastes, silk cotton hull, coconut tree sawdust, sago waste, maize cob and banana pith and used to eliminate heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solution. adsorption of all dyes and metal ions required a very short time and gave quantitative removal. experimental results show all carbons were effective for the removal of pollutants from water. since all agricultural solid wastes used in this investigation are freely, abundantly and locall ...	2003	12733586
xenomonitoring of culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes as a guide for detecting the presence or absence of lymphatic filariasis: a preliminary protocol for mosquito sampling.	a protocol for the collection of resting, blood-engorged culex quinquefasciatus say and their examination for microfilariae has been developed as a way of detecting whether lymphatic filariasis (lf) occurs in a particular locality. the protocol was first implemented in a pilot study in trinidad, west indies. for gathering prevalence data, such xenomonitoring is a suitable alternative to the use of human bait, which is ethically questionable. the resting mosquitoes were collected, either indoors ...	2002	12625917
analysis of genetic diversity and population structure within florida coconut (cocos nucifera l.) germplasm using microsatellite dna, with special emphasis on the fiji dwarf cultivar.	using 15 simple sequence repeat (ssr) microsatellite dna loci, we analyzed genetic variation within cocos nucifera germplasm collections at two locations in south florida, representing eight cultivars. the loci were also used in a parentage analysis of progeny of the 'fiji dwarf' variety at both locations. a total of 67 alleles were detected, with eight the highest number at any one locus. these loci identified 83 of the 110 individual palms. gene diversity of the 15 loci ranged from 0.778 to 0. ...	2003	12596002
characterisation of copia-like retrotransposons in oil palm ( elaeis guineensis jacq.).	the work aimed to isolate and characterise copia-like sequences from elaeis guineensis. thirty-two different rt (reverse transcriptase) sequences were isolated from a single oil palm genome using degenerate primers. extreme sequence heterogeneity was observed. the dna and protein sequences were assigned to three different classes (a, b, c) on the basis of bootstrapping. we estimated the copy number of the three different classes by using a dot-blot analysis. the comparative results suggest that ...	2002	12582647
antimicrobial and antiviral activities of polyphenolics from cocos nucifera linn. (palmae) husk fiber extract.	the decoction of cocos nucifera l. husk fiber has been used in northeastern brazil traditional medicine for treatment of diarrhea and arthritis. water extract obtained from coconut husk fiber and fractions from adsorption chromatography revealed antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus. the crude extract and one of the fractions rich in catechin also showed inhibitory activity against acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1-acvr). all fractions were inactive against th ...	2002	12558183
purification and crystallization of coconut globulin cocosin from cocos nucifera.	cocosin is a legume class reserve protein found in coconut endosperm. using coconut endosperm, two methods of purification were done. crystallization was achieved by vapor diffusion (hanging drop) method using mpd, peg 3350 and peg 4000 as precipitants. x-ray diffraction data to 3.5-a resolution were collected using mar345 image plate detector system. crystals of cocosin grown under 20% mpd, are rhombohedral with space group r3 and cell dimensions a=92.829 a, b=92.829 a, c=215.290 a.	2002	12429510
common environmental allergens causing respiratory allergy in india.	respiratory allergy affects all age groups but the children are the worst affected by the respiratory allergy. bioparticles from different biological sources are the main cause of allergy. pollen grains, fungal spores, insect and other materials of biological origin form the most important allergen load in the air. for the efficient diagnosis of the allergy and its effective treatment it is very important to know about the prevalence, seasonal and annual variations of aeroallergens of the area. ...	2002	12003301
nuclear pore ion channel activity in live syncytial nuclei.	nuclear pore complexes (npcs) are important nanochannels for the control of gene activity and expression. most of our knowledge of npc function has been derived from isolated nuclei and permeabilized cells in cell lysates/extracts. since recent patch-clamp work has challenged the dogma that npcs are freely permeable to small particles, a preparation of isolated living nuclei in their native liquid environment was sought and found: the syncytial nuclei in the water of the coconut cocos nucifera. ...	2002	11976942
variability in fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of the oil of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) hybrids and their parentals.	the fatty acid profiles and triacylglycerol (tag) compositions of oils from the solid endosperm of different philippine coconut hybrids and their parentals were determined by using gas chromatography (gc) and high-performance liquid chromatography (hplc). in general, varietal differences in fatty acid composition were observed. lauric acid (c12) content was significantly higher in the hybrids pca 15-8 (50.45%) and pca 15-9 (50.26%) by about 3.16% points as compared to other hybrids, and higher i ...	2002	11879040
growth strain in coconut palm trees.	until recently, growth stress studies have been made only on coniferous and dicotyledonous trees. growth stress of trees is thought to be initiated in newly formed secondary xylem cells. this stress can accumulate for years and is distributed inside the trunk. major characteristics of the trunk of monocotyledonous trees include numerous vascular bundles scattered inside the ground tissue and the lack of secondary growth for enlarging the diameter of the trunk. we used the strain gauge method to ...	2002	11874722
a (1-->4)-beta-mannan-specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the immunocytochemical location of galactomannans.	galactomannan was coupled to a protein carrier for the preparation of monoclonal antibodies. the monoclonal antibodies generated bound to galactomannans from different sources as well as to glucomannan and galactoglucomannan. one monoclonal antibody, bgm c6, was characterised and found to be specific for (1-->4)-beta-linked mannopyranosyl residues; it had a binding affinity estimated at 1x10(-6) m for the (1-->4)-beta-linked mannohexaose. bgm c6 was used in immunogold labelling studies to locate ...	2001	11800387
cryopreservation of plumular explants of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) to support programmes for mass clonal propagation through somatic embryogenesis.	callus growth has been observed from plumules of ecotype laguna tall after cryopreservation using an encapsulation/dehydration protocol. sucrose preculture treatment and silica gel dehydration both significantly influenced the frequency of callus formation from non-frozen and frozen plumules. the greatest frequency of post-thaw callus growth occurred after incubation of the encapsulated plumules for 72-96 h in medium containing 0.75 m sucrose followed by desiccation over silica gel for 7-8 h dow ...	2001	11788861
construction of a linkage map of the rennell island tall coconut type (cocos nucifera l.) and qtl analysis for yield characters.	aflp and ssr dna markers were used to construct a linkage map in the coconut (cocos nucifera l.; 2n = 32) type rennell island tall (rit). a total of 227 markers were arranged into 16 linkage groups. the total genome length corresponded to 1971 cm for the rit map, with 5-23 markers per linkage group. qtl analysis for yield characters in two consecutive sampling periods identified nine loci. three and two qtls were detected for number of bunches and one and three qtls for number of nuts. the corre ...	2001	11768223
kinetoplast dna minicircles of phloem-restricted phytomonas associated with wilt diseases of coconut and oil palms have a two-domain structure.	we report the cloning and sequencing of the first minicircle from a phloem-restricted, pathogenic phytomonas sp. (hart 1) isolated from a coconut palm with hartrot disease. the minicircle possessed a two-domain structure of two conserved regions, each containing three conserved sequence blocks (csb). based on the sequence around csb 3 from hart 1, pcr primers were designed to allow specific amplification of phytomonas minicircles. this primer pair demonstrated specificity for at least six groups ...	2001	11728717
h+-atpase as a biochemical marker for early detection of root (wilt) disease in coconut palms (cocos nucifera l).	h+-atpase activity in leaves and roots of coconut palms growing in 'root wilt disease-prevalent areas' was compared with that of coconut palms growing in 'disease-free areas'. the activity was found to be significantly less in the leaves and roots of palms in the disease-prevalent zone as compared to that in disease-free zone. histochemical examination of the leaves showed results that corroborated the biochemical findings. the possible application of h+-atpase activity as a marker for the early ...	2001	11693385
removal of cr(vi) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto activated carbon.	activated carbon (ac) prepared from coconut tree sawdust was used as an adsorbent for the removal of cr(vi) from aqueous solution. batch mode adsorption studies were carried out by varying agitation time, initial cr(vi) concentration, carbon concentration and ph. langmuir and freundlich adsorption isotherms were applied to model the adsorption data. adsorption capacity was calculated from the langmuir isotherm and was 3.46 mg/g at an initial ph of 3.0 for the particle size 125-250 microm. the ad ...	2001	11554606
impact of certain flavonoids on lipid profiles--potential action of garcinia cambogia flavonoids.	flavonoids from cocos nucifera, myristica fragrance, saraka asoka and garcinia cambogia exerted hypolipidaemic activity in rats. lipid lowering activity was maximum in rats administered flavonoids (10 mg/kg bw/day) from garcinia cambogia. a dose response study revealed biphasic activity. higher doses were less effective in reducing lipid levels in serum and tissues, although devoid of toxic effects.	2001	11507730
changes in fatty acid composition during development of tissues of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) embryos in the intact nut and in vitro.	intact coconuts were germinated in situ and compared with excised zygotic embryos germinated in vitro. the growth of the embryonic tissue and their fatty acid compositions were measured. haustoria, plumules and radicles of coconuts germinated in situ grew continuously and proportionately throughout the 120 d experiment with haustauria increasing to 45 g x nut(-1) and weighing 4-5-fold more than the other two tissues. the plumules and radicles of the seedlings cultured in vitro also grew continuo ...	2001	11432910
effect of dietary fiber on the activity of intestinal and fecal beta-glucuronidase activity during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis.	the effects of fiber isolated from black gram (phaseolus mungo) and coconut (cocos nucifera) kernel on the metabolic activity of intestinal and fecal beta glucuronidase activity during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine induced colon carcinogenesis were studied. the results indicated that the inclusion of fiber from black gram and coconut kernel generally supported lower specific activities and less fecal output of beta-glucuronidase than did the fiber free diet. this study suggests that the fibers isolated ...	2001	11213165
coconut palm-related injuries in the pacific islands.	coconut palms are an integral part of life in the solomon islands, given the widespread dependence of subsistence agriculture. injuries related to the coconut palm are thus inevitable. hospital records from the central referral hospital were reviewed to identify (i) how commonly the coconut palm is implicated in injuries referred to the surgery department; (ii) which patients are being injured; and (iii) the type of injuries sustained.	2001	11167595
long-term effects of intercropping and bio-litter recycling on soil biological activity and fertility status of sub-tropical soils.	on-farm field experiments were carried out at two sites having 38- and 10-year-old orchard cropping systems under sub-tropical climatic regions to evaluate changes in organic carbon accumulation and chemical and microbiological properties of the soils. under a system of different intercropped fruit trees, the cultivation of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) intercropped with guava (psidium guajava l.) enhanced the soil microbial activity approximately 2-fold after 38 yrs over 10 yrs of the same interc ...	2001	11131798
biochemical and ultrastructural alterations caused by newly synthesized 1,2,4-triazole[1,5a]pyrimidine derivatives against phytomonas staheli (trypanosomatidae).	six compounds, all newly synthesized triazole-pyrimidine derivatives that proved inhibitory of in in vitro growth of epimastigotes in trypanosoma cruzi and of promastigotes of leishmania donovani and phytomonas staheli, were studied to investigate their toxic effects. as a biological model, the plant trypanosome p. staheli, which causes sudden wilt in the oil palm and hartrot in the coconut palm, was used. the six compounds markedly inhibited macromolecule synthesis (nucleic acids and proteins) ...	2000	11031318
effects of different levels of coconut fiber on blood glucose, serum insulin and minerals in rats.	the effect of neutral detergent fiber (ndf) from coconut kernel (cocos nucifera l) in rats fed 5%, 15% and 30% level on the concentration of blood glucose, serum insulin and excretion of minerals was studied. increase in the intake of fiber resulted in significant decrease in the level of blood glucose and serum insulin. faecal excretion of cu, cr, mn, mg, zn and ca was found to increase in rats fed different levels of coconut fiber when compared to fiber free group. the result of the present in ...	2000	10919103
natural tritium levels in tender and ripe coconut fruit (cocos nucifera l.): a preliminary examination.	tissue free water tritium concentrations (tfwt) were determined in tender coconut (cocos nucifera l.) water, ripe coconut water, and kernel milk water, and compared with the same in groundwater collected from the vicinity of the trees. samples with a very low tritium content were enriched by the alkaline electrolysis method. all of the samples were analyzed for tritium content in an ultra-low level liquid scintillation spectrometer. the tfwt in kernel milk water was found to be approximately 20- ...	2000	10902850
abscisic acid induced somatic embryogenesis in immature embryo explants of coconut (cocos nucifera l.).	somatic embryogenesis in coconut (cocos nucifera l.) is generally induced by gradual reduction of auxin concentration in the culture medium and incorporation of cytokinins. although plant regeneration through somatic embryogenesis is possible, the protocol is yet to be perfected. in this study, nodular callus was obtained from 7-9 months old immature zygotic embryos of coconut on a medium containing 24 µm 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d). as a novel approach, abscisic acid (aba) at a conc ...	2000	10808075
use of microsatellite dna markers to investigate the level of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of coconut (cocos nucifera l.).	we have used eight pairs of simple sequence repeat (ssr) primers to analyse the genetic diversity in 130 individuals of coconut (cocos nucifera l.) comprising 75 tall individuals and 55 dwarf individuals, representing 94 different coconut ecotypes throughout the world. a total of 51 alleles were detected, with an average of 6.4 alleles per locus. fifty alleles were detected in tall coconuts (talls; mean alleles/locus 6.3) compared with only 26 (mean/locus 3.3) in dwarfs, and the average diversit ...	2000	10701108
influence of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on plasma lipemic effect of vitamin b6 deficiency.	since many connections exist between vitamin b6 and lipid metabolism, we aim to investigate the lipemic effect of different dietary intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids in rats fed a vitamin b6 deficient diet. diets were either vitamin b6 deficient (-b6) or vitamin b6 sufficient, pair-fed to the deficient group (pf) and ad libitum (n). the diets were combined with normal lipid (lc: soya bean-coconut-palm oils) and fish oil (fo: soya bean-fish oil). the fish oil diet with sufficient vitamin b6 ...	1999	10526775
isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellites in cocos nucifera l.	microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (ssrs) were isolated from coconut (cocos nucifera) and tested for polymorphism on restricted germplasm. sequencing of 197 clones from a cv. tagnanan tall-enriched genomic library showed that 75% contained a microsatellite, of which 64% were dinucleotide (ga/ct, ca/gt and gc/cg), 6% were trinucleotide, and 30% were compound repeats. of 41 primer pairs tested on tagnanan tall genomic dna, 38 gave the expected size product, two amplified two loci, and anot ...	1999	10464790
lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase from coconut endosperm mediates the insertion of laurate at the sn-2 position of triacylglycerols in lauric rapeseed oil and can increase total laurate levels	expression of a california bay laurel (umbellularia californica) 12:0-acyl-carrier protein thioesterase, bay thioesterase (bte), in developing seeds of oilseed rape (brassica napus) led to the production of oils containing up to 50% laurate. in these bte oils, laurate is found almost exclusively at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions of the triacylglycerols (t.a. voelker, t.r. hayes, a.c. cranmer, h.m. davies [1996] plant j 9: 229-241). coexpression of a coconut (cocos nucifera) 12:0-coenzyme a-preferri ...	1999	10398708
antigenic relationship between four airborne palm pollen grains from calcutta, india.	the pollen grains of areca catechu, borassus flabellifer, cocos nucifera and phoenix sylvestris, all belonging to the family aracaceae (palmae), are airborne and found to be potent in causing human respiratory allergy. the present study was undertaken to discover the antigenic relationship, if any, in the four relevant palm pollen grains. the study was conducted by using borassus and phoenix antisera raised in rabbit. these antisera were used in rabbit igg specific elisa-inhibition and rocket im ...	1999	10384216
systemic allergic reaction to coconut (cocos nucifera) in 2 subjects with hypersensitivity to tree nut and demonstration of cross-reactivity to legumin-like seed storage proteins: new coconut and walnut food allergens.	two patients with tree nut allergy manifested by life-threatening systemic reactions reported the subsequent onset of systemic reactions after the consumption of coconut.	1999	10359903
identification and characterization of microsatellite loci in coconut (cocos nucifera l.) and the analysis of coconut populations in sri lanka.		1999	10065554
phytomonas and other trypanosomatid parasites of plants and fruit.	trypanosomatid parasites are fairly common in the latex, phloem, fruit sap, seed albumen, and even in the nectar, of many plant families. they are transmitted to the plants in the saliva of phytophagous hemipterous bugs (insecta). morphologically, plant trypanosomatids have no special characteristic, except perhaps a very twisted cell body. most occur in plants as promastigotes and a few as choanomastigotes. it is still controversial whether or not they are pathogenic in lactiferous plants or fr ...	1999	10050272
dietary intake and practices in the hong kong chinese population.	to examine dietary intake and practices of the adult hong kong chinese population to provide a basis for future public health recommendations with regard to prevention of certain chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and osteoporosis.	1998	10023462
effect of in utero exposure of toddy (coconut palm wine) on liver function and lipid metabolism in rat fetuses.	the objective of this study was to determine the effects of a country liquor toddy (coconut palm wine) and an equivalent quantity of ethanol on liver function and lipid metabolism in utero. female albino rats with an average weight of 125 +/- 5 g were exposed to toddy from coconut palm (24.5 ml/kg body weight/day) and ethanol (0.52 ml/kg body weight/day) for 15 days before conception and during pregnancy. on day 13 and day 19 of gestation, altered liver function and hyperlipidemia were seen in t ...	1998	9950082
allergenic relationship among four common and dominant airborne palm pollen grains from eastern india.	palm pollen grains are predominant aeroallergens in the tropics including india. evidence of allergenic crossreactivity had been reported from various parts of the world on different families, e.g. poaceae, asteraceae, etc. no such information is available about the palm pollen of tropical countries.	1998	9756202
protein phosphorylation during coconut zygotic embryo development	evidence was obtained on the occurrence of protein threonine, serine, and tyrosine (tyr) kinases in developing coconut (cocos nucifera l. ) zygotic embryos, based on in vitro phosphorylation of proteins in the presence of [gamma-32p]atp, alkaline treatment, and thin-layer chromatography analysis, which showed the presence of [32p]phosphoserine, [32p]phosphothreonine, and [32p]phosphotyrosine in [32p]-labeled protein hydrolyzates. tyr kinase activity was further confirmed in extracts of embryos a ...	1998	9733545