Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| comparisons of large (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) and small (vaccinium oxycoccos l., vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) cranberry in british columbia by phytochemical determination, antioxidant potential, and metabolomic profiling with chemometric analysis. | there is a long history of use and modern commercial importance of large and small cranberries in north america. the central objective of the current research was to characterize and compare the chemical composition of 2 west coast small cranberry species traditionally used (vaccinium oxycoccos l. and vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) with the commercially cultivated large cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) indigenous to the east coast of north america. v. oxycoccos and v. macrocarpon contained the ... | 2012 | 22337317 |
| an innovative approach to the safety evaluation of natural products: cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) leaf aqueous extract as a case study. | assessment of safety for a food or dietary ingredient requires determination of a safe level of ingestion compared to the estimated daily intake from its proposed uses. the nature of the assessment may require the use of different approaches, determined on a case-by-case basis. natural products are chemically complex and challenging to characterize for the purpose of carrying out a safety evaluation. for example, a botanical extract contains numerous compounds, many of which vary across batches ... | 2012 | 22504784 |
| using next-generation sequencing approaches to isolate simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci in the plant sciences. | the application of next-generation sequencing (ngs) technologies for the development of simple sequence repeat (ssr) or microsatellite loci for genetic research in the botanical sciences is described. microsatellite markers are one of the most informative and versatile dna-based markers used in plant genetic research, but their development has traditionally been a difficult and costly process. ngs technologies allow the efficient identification of large numbers of microsatellites at a fraction o ... | 2012 | 22186186 |
| phytochemical diversity of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) cultivars by anthocyanin determination and metabolomic profiling with chemometric analysis. | originally native to the eastern united states, american cranberry ( vaccinium macrocarpon aiton, family ericaceae) cultivation of native and hybrid varieties has spread across north america. herein is reported the phytochemical diversity of five cranberry cultivars (stevens, ben lear, bergman, pilgrim, and gh1) collected in the greater vancouver regional district, by anthocyanin content and uplc-tof-ms metabolomic profiling. the anthocyanin content for biological replicates (n = 5) was determin ... | 2012 | 22148867 |
| mining and validation of pyrosequenced simple sequence repeats (ssrs) from american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.). | the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) is a major commercial fruit crop in north america, but limited genetic resources have been developed for the species. furthermore, the paucity of codominant dna markers has hampered the advance of genetic research in cranberry and the ericaceae family in general. therefore, we used roche 454 sequencing technology to perform low-coverage whole genome shotgun sequencing of the cranberry cultivar 'hyred'. after de novo assembly, the obtained seque ... | 2012 | 21904845 |
| composition of sugars, organic acids, and total phenolics in 25 wild or cultivated berry species. | sugars, organic acids, and total phenolic content in fruit of 25 wild and cultivated berry species were identified and quantified with high-performance liquid chromatograph. the composition of sugars, organic acids, and total phenolic compounds in various species of vaccinium, rubus, ribes, and fragaria genus was evaluated. additonally, total phenolics of less known berry species of the morus, amelanchier, sorbus, sambucus, rosa, lycium, actinidia, and aronia genus were determined in wild growin ... | 2012 | 22924969 |
| phenotyping studies to assess the effects of phytopharmaceuticals on in vivo activity of main human cytochrome p450 enzymes. | the extensive use of herbal drugs and their multiple components and modes of action suggests that they may also cause drug interactions by changing the activity of human cytochrome p450 enzymes. the purpose of the present review is to present the available data for the top 14 herbal drug sales in the u. s. studies describing the effects of herbal drugs on phenotyping substrates for individual cyps were identified by a comprehensive medline search. drugs included allium sativum (liliaceae), echin ... | 2012 | 22588833 |
| the antimicrobial effects of cranberry against staphylococcus aureus. | the antimicrobial effects of the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) on a major food-borne pathogen, staphylococcus aureus, were investigated using commercially obtained lakewood® organic cranberry juice and ocean spray® cranberry juice cocktail and four other berry fruit extracts (acai berry, strawberry, raspberry, and blueberry). the results showed that cranberry is a potent antimicrobial against s. aureus and the most potent among the berries studied. the order of percentage inhibition ... | 2012 | 22414934 |
| hplc-msn identification and quantification of flavonol glycosides in 28 wild and cultivated berry species. | berries and red fruits are rich dietary sources of polyphenols with reported health benefits. more than 50 different flavonols (glycosides of quercetin, myricetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, syringetin and laricitrin) have been detected and quantified with hplc-ms(n) in fruits of blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, lingonberry, eastern shadbush, japanese wineberry, black mulberry, chokeberry, red, black and white currants, jostaberry, red and white gooseberry, hardy kiwifruit, goji berry, rowan, dog ... | 2012 | 22980782 |
| functionality of varroa-resistant honey bees (hymenoptera: apidae) when used in migratory beekeeping for crop pollination. | two types of honey bees, apis mellifera l. (hymenoptera: apidae), bred for resistance to varroa destructor anderson & trueman were evaluated for performance when used in migratory crop pollination. colonies of russian honey bees (rhb) and outcrossed bees with varroa-sensitive hygiene (vsh) were managed without miticide treatments and compared with colonies of italian honey bees that served as controls. control colonies were managed as groups which either were treated twice each year against v. d ... | 2012 | 22606798 |
| effect of ph on anti-rotavirus activity by comestible juices and proanthocyanidins in a cell-free assay system. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) and grape (vitis labrusca) juices, and these species' secondary plant metabolites [i.e., proanthocyanidins (pacs)] possess antiviral activity. an understanding of the mechanism(s) responsible for these juices and their polyphenolic constituents' direct effect on enteric virus integrity, however, remains poorly defined. using the rotavirus (rtv) as a model enteric virus system, the direct effect of manufacturer-supplied and commercially purchased juices [ocean sp ... | 2012 | 23412889 |
| comparing procyanidins in selected vaccinium species by uhplc-ms(2) with regard to authenticity and health effects. | cranberry procyanidins have been associated with an effect against urinary tract infections (uti) for decades, and european health claims are requested. this study compares the procyanidin profiles and concentrations of american cranberry ( vaccinium macrocarpon ait.), european cranberry ( vaccinium oxycoccus l.), and lingonberry ( vaccinium vitis-idaea l.) analyzed using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatoraphy coupled to a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer with electrospray interface (uhpl ... | 2012 | 22931094 |
| injury to apical meristem of cranberry by dasineura oxycoccana (diptera: cecidomyiidae) reduces production of floral-units in the next growing season. | cranberry tipworm, dasineura oxycoccana johnson (a gall-making fly), disrupts normal growth of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) by injuring the apical meristem of shoots or uprights. the impact of larval feeding injury on reproductive parameters of cranberry was determined, from one growing season to next, at upright (maine and massachusetts, 2008-2009) and plot levels (massachusetts, 2009-2010 and 2010-2011). we also estimated the proportions of uprights injured because of tipworm feedin ... | 2012 | 22928318 |
| comparison of isolated cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) proanthocyanidins to catechin and procyanidins a2 and b2 for use as standards in the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde assay. | the 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (dmac) assay is currently used to quantify proanthocyanidin (pac) content in cranberry products. however, this method suffers from issues of accuracy and precision in the analysis and comparison of pac levels across a broad range of cranberry products. current use of procyanidin a2 as a standard leads to an underestimation of pacs content in certain cranberry products, especially those containing higher molecular weight pacs. to begin to address the issue of a ... | 2012 | 22533362 |
| comprehensive assessment of the quality of commercial cranberry products. phenolic characterization and in vitro bioactivity. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) products have been widely recommended in traditional american medicine for the treatment of urinary tract infection (uti). a total of 19 different commercial cranberry products from american and european markets have been analyzed by different global phenolic methods and by uplc-dad-esi-tq ms. in addition, in vitro antioxidant capacity and uropathogenic bacterial antiadhesion activity tests have been performed. results revealed that products found in the market ... | 2012 | 22439747 |
| phenology of dasineura oxycoccana (diptera: cecidomyiidae) on cranberry and blueberry indicates potential for gene flow. | dasineura oxycoccana (johnson) (diptera: cecidomyiidae) is a pest of cranberry, vaccinium macrocarpon (aiton) (ericales: ericaceae), and highbush blueberry, vaccinium corymbosum (l.) (ericales: ericaceae), in north america. in british columbia, canada, d. oxycoccana was first found on highbush blueberry in 1991 and then on cranberry seven years later. because many cranberry and highbush blueberry farms are adjacent to one another, we hypothesized that d. oxycoccana was moving from highbush blueb ... | 2012 | 22928299 |
| effects of cranberry extracts on growth and biofilm production of escherichia coli and staphylococcus species. | biofilm producing bacteria such as staphylococcus species and escherichia coli are the most common cause of catheter related urinary tract infections (utis). the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) is utilized widely as a prophylaxis for utis due to its prevention of microbial adhesion. cranberry contains proanthocyanidins (pacs), which have been implicated as active constituents responsible for its bacterial antiadhesive properties. despite overwhelming data supporting cranberry's benefi ... | 2012 | 22294419 |
| enteric-coated, highly standardized cranberry extract reduces risk of utis and urinary symptoms during radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) proanthocyanidins can interfere with adhesion of bacteria to uroepithelial cells, potentially preventing lower urinary tract infections (lutis). because lutis are a common side effect of external beam radiotherapy (ebrt) for prostate cancer, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of enteric-coated tablets containing highly standardized v. msacrocarpon (ecvm) in this condition. | 2012 | 22977312 |
| cranberry proanthocyanidins: natural weapons against periodontal diseases. | cranberry ( vaccinium macrocarpon ) is known to have a beneficial effect on several aspects of human health. proanthocyanidins (pacs), the most abundant flavonoids extracted from red cranberry fruits, have been reported to possess antimicrobial, antiadhesion, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. recent in vitro studies have shown that cranberry pacs may be potential therapeutic agents for the prevention and management of periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of bacterial origin affect ... | 2011 | 22082264 |
| proanthocyanidin-rich extracts from cranberry fruit ( vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) selectively inhibit the growth of human pathogenic fungi candida spp. and cryptococcus neoformans. | cranberry ( vaccinium macrocarpon ) has been shown in clinical studies to reduce infections caused by escherichia coli and other bacteria, and proanthocyanidins are believed to play a role. the ability of cranberry to inhibit the growth of opportunistic human fungal pathogens that cause oral, skin, respiratory, and systemic infections has not been well-studied. fractions from whole cranberry fruit were screened for inhibition of five candida species and cryptococcus neoformans , a causative ... | 2011 | 22066866 |
| north american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) stimulates apoptotic pathways in du145 human prostate cancer cells in vitro. | diets rich in fruits and vegetables have been shown to improve patient prognosis in a variety of cancers, a benefit partly derived from phytochemicals, many of which target cell death pathways in tumor cells. cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon) are a phytochemical-rich fruit containing a variety of polyphenolic compounds. as flavonoids have been shown to induce apoptosis in human tumor cells, this study investigated the hypothesis that cranberry-mediated cytotoxicity in du145 human prostate aden ... | 2011 | 21161819 |
| wound-healing properties of the oils of vitis vinifera and vaccinium macrocarpon. | vitis vinifera (grape) and vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well known medicinal plants; most of the pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been isolated from the skin, fruit juice, fermented extract and alcohol fractions of the plants above. here, the pharmacological properties of the phytochemical constituents present in oils of cranberry and grape were investigated. the oil of grape and cranberry has been evaluated for their wound healing activity by using an excision wound model i ... | 2011 | 21305631 |
| antimicrobial traits of tea- and cranberry-derived polyphenols against streptococcus mutans. | there are over 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the human oral cavity, but only a small fraction of those are attributed to causing plaque-related diseases such as caries. streptococcus mutans is accepted as the main cariogenic agent and there is substantial knowledge regarding the specific virulence factors that render the organism a pathogen. there has been rising interest in alternative, target-specific treatment options as opposed to nonspecific mechanical plaque removal or application o ... | 2011 | 21720161 |
| inhibition activity of wild berry juice fractions against streptococcus pneumoniae binding to human bronchial cells. | bacterial adhesion to the cell surface is a crucial step before infection can take place. inhibition of bacterial binding offers a novel preventive approach against infections. cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) juice has been found to have antiadhesive activity against different bacteria. streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen and the most common cause for pneumonia, meningitis, and otitis media. in this study the inhibitory activity of cranberry (vaccinium oxycoccos l.), bilberr ... | 2011 | 20625989 |
| isolation and identification of intestinal cyp3a inhibitors from cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) using human intestinal microsomes. | cranberry juice is used routinely, especially among women and the elderly, to prevent and treat urinary tract infections. these individuals are likely to be taking medications concomitantly with cranberry juice, leading to concern about potential drug-dietary substance interactions, particularly in the intestine, which, along with the liver, is rich in expression of the prominent drug metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome p450 3a (cyp3a). using a systematic in vitro-in vivo approach, a cranberry juice ... | 2011 | 20717876 |
| iron chelation by cranberry juice and its impact on escherichia coli growth. | the various health benefits of vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well documented and have been attributed mainly to its antioxidant capacity and anti-adhesive activity. several different mechanisms have been proposed to explain the possible role of cranberries, cranberry juice, and cranberry extracts in inhibiting bacterial growth. these mechanisms of action (i.e., inhibition of the microbial growth) have not been thoroughly studied. here, we took advantage of current advances in microarray ... | 2011 | 20806417 |
| ursolic acid and its esters: occurrence in cranberries and other vaccinium fruit and effects on matrix metalloproteinase activity in du145 prostate tumor cells. | ursolic acid and its cis- and trans-3-o-p-hydroxycinnamoyl esters have been identified as constituents of american cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon), which inhibit tumor cell proliferation. since the compounds may contribute to berry anticancer properties, their content in cranberries, selected cranberry products, and three other vaccinium species (v. oxycoccus, v. vitis-idaea and v. angustifolium) was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy. the ability of these compounds to inh ... | 2011 | 21351105 |
| tracing the history of plant traits under domestication in cranberries: potential consequences on anti-herbivore defences. | the process of selecting certain desirable traits for plant breeding may compromise other potentially important traits, such as defences against pests; however, specific phenotypic changes occurring over the course of domestication are unknown for most domesticated plants. cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) offers a unique opportunity to study such changes: its domestication occurred recently, and we have access to the wild ancestors and intermediate varieties used in past crosses. in order to in ... | 2011 | 21289080 |
| cranberry juice fails to prevent recurrent urinary tract infection: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. | a number of observational studies and a few small or open randomized clinical trials suggest that the american cranberry may decrease incidence of recurring urinary tract infection (uti). | 2011 | 21148516 |
| cranberries: ripe for more cancer research? | berries have been recognized as a functional food with potential to protect against a variety of health conditions, including some cancers. cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) production and consumption have grown in recent years, warranting further evaluation of potential health benefits. extracts and isolated constituents from cranberry fruit inhibit growth and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, and recent data from animal studies lend further support to cranberry's reputation as a cancer fi ... | 2011 | 21910124 |
| effect of phytochemical concentrations on biological activities of cranberry extracts. | plants of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) furnish edible fruits and derivates that have been used for the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. in the present work we compare two commercial extracts that contain proanthocyanins (pacs) at 4 percent and 20 percent for antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antiradical and protective properties against oxidative stress on cell lines. both extracts showed antimicrobial activity (mic values range 3-100 microg/ml). extract at 20 percent p ... | 2011 | 21382271 |
| evaluation of the biochemical components and chromatic properties of the juice of vaccinium macrocarpon aiton and vaccinium oxycoccos l. | benzoic acid, total anthocyanins, soluble solids, titratable acidity, and colour properties in juice of the american cranberry vaccinium macrocarpon and the european cranberry vaccinium oxycoccos were investigated. berry juices of v. macrocarpon cultivars were distinguished by their higher total anthocyanin and benzoic acid amounts. these cultivars accumulated on average 43.11 mg/l of benzoic acid and 92.45 mg/l of total anthocyanins. the levels of benzoic acid and total anthocyanins in v. oxyco ... | 2011 | 21735163 |
| analyzing cranberry bioactive compounds. | there is a growing public interest for the north american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) as a functional food because of the potential health benefits linked to phytochemical compounds present in the fruit--the anthocyanin pigments, responsible for its brilliant red color, and other secondary plant metabolites (flavonols, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins, and phenolic acid derivatives). isolation of these phenolic compounds and flavonoids from a sample matrix is a prerequisite to any comprehen ... | 2010 | 20924868 |
| the effectiveness of dried cranberries ( vaccinium macrocarpon) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. | lower urinary tract symptoms (luts) are a common condition in older men. the objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) powder in men at risk of prostate disease with luts, elevated prostate-specific antigen (psa), negative prostate biopsy and clinically confirmed chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. forty-two participants received either 1500 mg of the dried powdered cranberries per d for 6 months (cranberry group; n 21) or no ... | 2010 | 20804630 |
| overview on cranberry and urinary tract infections in females. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) has been used for decades to prevent urinary tract infections (utis) that are among the most common bacterial infections in women. as to the traditional use of cranberry and its a-type proanthocyanidins' ability to inhibit adherence of the bacterial p fimbriae in a dose-dependent manner, clinical trials have been conducted on different subpopulations. a cochrane meta-analysis in 244 females with symptomatic uti suggests that the effect was more pronounced in wom ... | 2010 | 20495471 |
| effectiveness of a cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) preparation in reducing asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with an ileal enterocystoplasty. | bacteriuria is a usual complication of enterocystoplasty following cystectomy. cranberry products may decrease the number of urinary tract infections because of a non-dialysable compound, a condensed tannin, the proanthocyanidin (pac) type a. this study determined the effectiveness of treatment with a cranberry preparation highly dosed in proanthocyanidin a in prevention of repeated bacteriuria in patients with an ileal enterocystoplasty. | 2010 | 20367451 |
| screening of binding activity of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus agalactiae and streptococcus suis to berries and juices. | antiadhesion therapy is a promising approach to the fight against pathogens. antibiotic resistance and the lack of effective vaccines have increased the search for new methods to prevent infectious diseases. previous studies have shown the antiadhesion activity of juice from cultivated cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) against bacteria, especially e. coli. in this study, the binding of two streptococcal strains, streptococcus pneumoniae and streptococcus agalactiae, to molecular size frac ... | 2010 | 19610031 |
| long-term effects of three commercial cranberry products on the antioxidative status in rats: a pilot study. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait. ericaceae) fruits and juice are widely used for their antiadherence and antioxidative properties. little is known however about their effects on clinical chemistry markers after long-term consumption. this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three commercial cranberry products, nutricran90s, hi-pac 4.0, and pacran on the antioxidative status of rodents, divided into three experimental groups. the products were given as dietary admixtures (1500 mg o ... | 2010 | 20058864 |
| cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. | doxorubicin (dox) is a widely used cancer chemotherapeutic agent. however, it generates free oxygen radicals that result in serious dose-limiting cardiotoxicity. supplementations with berries were proven effective in reducing oxidative stress associated with several ailments. the aim of the current study was to investigate the potential protective effect of cranberry extract (cran) against dox-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. cran was given orally to rats (100mg/kg/day for 10 consecutive days) an ... | 2010 | 20146931 |
| dosage effect on uropathogenic escherichia coli anti-adhesion activity in urine following consumption of cranberry powder standardized for proanthocyanidin content: a multicentric randomized double blind study. | ingestion of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) has traditionally been utilized for prevention of urinary tract infections. the proanthocyanidins (pacs) in cranberry, in particular the a-type linkages have been implicated as important inhibitors of primarily p-fimbriated e. coli adhesion to uroepithelial cells. additional experiments were required to investigate the persistence in urine samples over a broader time period, to determine the most effective dose per day and to determine if the u ... | 2010 | 20398248 |
| inhibitory activity of cranberry extract on the bacterial adhesiveness in the urine of women: an ex-vivo study. | strains of uropathogenic e. coli are responsible for approximately 90% of community-acquired, uncomplicated cystitis, and fimbriae represent the adhesive factors enabling e. coli to be anchored to uroepithelial cells in the first step of the infectious process. recently, a few studies have shown that a correlation between the consumption of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) and prevention of uti is related to the ability of proanthocyanidins to reduce the bacterial adhesion to uroepithelial cell ... | 2010 | 20646356 |
| effect of american cranberry (cysticlean) on escherichia coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells. in vitro and in vivo study. | the american cranberry proanthocyanidins (pacs) are the main responsible for its efficacy in urinary tract infections. their mechanism of action is related to inhibition of escherichia coli to urothelial cells. cysticlean contains an extract of american cranberry which provides 118 mg of pacs per dose. the activity of cysticlean tablets on escherichia coli adherence to bladder epithelial cells has been studied in vitro. moreover, the activity of cistyclean both in powder for oral suspension and ... | 2010 | 20820081 |
| proanthocyanidins from the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in human prostate cancer cells via alterations in multiple cellular signalling pathways. | prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in the western world, and it is believed that an individual's diet affects his risk of developing cancer. there has been an interest in examining phytochemicals, the secondary metabolites of plants, in order to determine their potential anti-cancer activities in vitro and in vivo. in this study we document the effects of proanthocyanidins (pacs) from the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) on matrix metalloproteinase (mmp) activity in du14 ... | 2010 | 20626034 |
| bioactive compounds in cranberries and their biological properties. | cranberries are healthy fruit that contribute color, flavor, nutritional value, and functionality. they are one of only three fruits native to america. over the past decade, public interest for the north american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) has been rising with reports of their potential health benefits linked to the numerous phytochemicals present in the fruit--the anthocyanins, the flavonols, the flavan-3-ols, the proanthocyanidins, and the phenolic acid derivatives. the presence of thes ... | 2010 | 20694928 |
| antimicrobial action of the american cranberry constituents; phenolics, anthocyanins, and organic acids, against escherichia coli o157:h7. | we investigated the antimicrobial effect of constituents of the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon); sugar plus organic acids, phenolics, and anthocyanins, against escherichia coli o157:h7. each fractional component was assayed over a 24-h period with 5-log initial inocula to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic), minimal bactericidal concentration (mbc), and log cfu/ml reductions, at their native ph and neutral ph. each fraction produced significant reductions (p<0.05) at ... | 2010 | 20153540 |
| phytotherapeutics: an evaluation of the potential of 1000 plants. | the aim of this review is to evaluate and summarize the available scientific information on the commonest plant extracts marketed in western countries. in view of the intense, ongoing search for new plant extracts with powerful anti-inflammatory activity, we paid particular attention to this topic. the aim is to provide broad coverage of as many potentially useful plants as possible and then to focus on those with the greatest therapeutic potential. | 2010 | 20175810 |
| application of cranberry concentrate (vaccinium macrocarpon) to control escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef and its antimicrobial mechanism related to the downregulated slp, hdea and cfa. | the possible use of cranberry concentrate (cc) as a natural food preservative was studied by examining its antimicrobial effect on the growth of escherichia coli o157:h7 inoculated in ground beef, its organoleptical effect on beef patties, and its antimicrobial mechanism on the gene regulation level. inoculated ground beef was added with cc and stored at 4 degrees c for 5 days. bacteria were detected on day 0, 1, 3, and 5. cranberry concentrate (2.5%, 5%, and 7.5% w/w) reduced total aerobic bact ... | 2009 | 19028302 |
| anthocyanins, antioxidative, and antimicrobial properties of american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) and their press cakes. | amounts of total phenolics, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid in 4 american cranberry varieties harvested at 4 stages of maturity were measured. the larger amount of phenolic compounds was found in berries of "black veil" cultivar (504 mg/100 g) at ii stage of maturity. significantly larger amounts of anthocyanins were determined in the overripe berries of the cultivars "ben lear" and "black veil." the amount of ascorbic acid in berries increased during ripening from i to iii stage, and slightly d ... | 2009 | 19323730 |
| vaccinium macrocarpon: an interesting option for women with recurrent urinary tract infections and other health benefits. | to review the scientific publications concerning the clinical use and mechanism of action of the north american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) for women with recurrent urinary tract infections (uti) and other health conditions. | 2009 | 19751320 |
| production of a phenolic antioxidant enriched cranberry juice by electrodialysis with filtration membrane. | the fruit of the american cranberry is known for its benefits on human health and its nutraceutical potential. the enrichment of cranberry products with functional phytochemicals may improve their functionality for enhancing health benefits, but this enrichment may be difficult due to the commercial rarity and difficulty of purification of anthocyanins and other phytochemicals from natural sources. the aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility of the production of a cranberry juice enrich ... | 2009 | 19886681 |
| media acidification by escherichia coli in the presence of cranberry juice. | the inhibition of escherichia coli growth in the presence of vaccinium macrocarpon has been extensively described; however, the mechanisms of this activity are not well characterized. | 2009 | 19909515 |
| effects of cranberry extracts and ursolic acid derivatives on p-fimbriated escherichia coli, cox-2 activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine release and the nf-kappabeta transcriptional response in vitro. | cranberry, the fresh or dried ripe fruit of vaccinium macrocarpon ait. (ericaceae), is currently used as adjunct therapy for the prevention and symptomatic treatment of urinary tract infections. data from clinical trials suggest that extracts of cranberry or cranberry juice reduce the bacterial load of e. coli and also suppress the inflammatory symptoms induced by e. coli infections. a methanol extract prepared from 10 kg of dehydrated cranberries did not directly inhibit the growth of e coli st ... | 2009 | 20376297 |
| phytochemicals of cranberries and cranberry products: characterization, potential health effects, and processing stability. | emerging evidence is elucidating how non-nutrient phytochemicals underlie the health promotion afforded by fruits and vegetables. this review focuses on vaccinium macrocarpon, the american cranberry, compiling a comprehensive list of its known phytochemical components, and detailing their prevalence in cranberry fruit and its products. flavonoids, especially colored anthocyanins, abundant flavonols, and unique proanthocyanidins, have attracted major research attention. other notable active compo ... | 2009 | 20443158 |
| [cranberries for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections]. | cranberries have been used for prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections for decades. the berries contain proanthocyanidins that may reduce the susceptibility to infection by preventing bacteria from attaching to uroepithelial cells. several clinical trials have been published during recent years. this article reviews documentation of cranberries on clinical effect, adverse events, drug interactions and use during pregnancy and lactation. | 2009 | 19219097 |
| small genetic differences between ericoid mycorrhizal fungi affect nitrogen uptake by vaccinium. | ericoid mycorrhizal fungi have been shown to differ in their pattern of nitrogen (n) use in pure culture. here, we investigate whether this functional variation is maintained in symbiosis using three ascomycetes from a clade not previously shown to include ericoid mycorrhizal taxa. vaccinium macrocarpon and vaccinium vitis-idaea were inoculated with three fungal strains known to form coils in vaccinium roots, which differed in their patterns of n use in liquid culture. (15)n was used to trace th ... | 2009 | 19021867 |
| anticancer activities of cranberry phytochemicals: an update. | studies employing mainly in vitro tumor models show that extracts and compounds isolated from cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon) inhibit the growth and proliferation of several types of tumor including breast, colon, prostate, and lung. proanthocyanidin oligomers, flavonol and anthocyanin glycosides and triterpenoids are all likely contributors to the observed anticancer properties and may act in a complementary fashion to limit carcinogenesis. possible chemopreventive mechanisms of action ... | 2008 | 18504707 |
| safety and efficacy of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) during pregnancy and lactation. | there is a lack of basic knowledge on the part of both clinicians and patients as to the indications for use and safety of herbs used during pregnancy and lactation. this is one article in a series that systematically reviews the evidence for herbs commonly used during pregnancy and lactation. | 2008 | 18204103 |
| impact of cranberry on escherichia coli cellular surface characteristics. | the anti-adhesive effects of cranberry have been attributed to both interactions of its components with the surface of bacterial cells and to inhibition of p-fimbriae expression. previous reports also suggested that the presence of cranberry juice changed the gram stain characteristics of escherichia coli. here, we show that the morphology of e. coli is changed when grown in the presence of juice or extract from vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry). gene expression analysis indicates the down regul ... | 2008 | 18957286 |
| effects of propagule density and survival strategies on establishment and growth: further investigations in the phylloplane fungal model system. | this work builds on an earlier culture study where we determined that species diversity of competing saprotrophic phyllpolane fungi had only a negligible effect on the establishment and coexistence of a target fungus, pestalotia vaccinii. here, we explore preliminary evidence suggesting that spore density is a more important contributing factor to colonization and coexistence. we examine the influence of propagule density in vitro on establishment and growth of select members of the phylloplane ... | 2008 | 17436116 |
| cranberry derived proanthocyanidins reduce bacterial adhesion to selected biomaterials. | catheter associated urinary tract infections (cauti) linked with the uropathogens escherichia coli (e. coli) and enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) account for the majority of nosocomial infections acquired in the clinical environment. because these infections develop following initial adhesion of the bacterial pathogens to the catheter surface, there is increased interest in developing effective methods to inhibit attachment of cells to biomaterials used in the manufacture of indwelling device ... | 2008 | 18698853 |
| cranberry juice for prophylaxis of urinary tract infections--conclusions from clinical experience and research. | cranberry juice (vaccinium macrocarpon) is a widely used and recommended north-american folk remedy for prophylaxis of urinary tract infections (uti). clinical trials have documented its efficacy in women with recurrent uti, but so far not in other groups of patients. the composition of effective cranberry products and its dosage in uti prophylaxis have not been defined. intriguing experimental research has identified an anti-adhesive mechanism of cranberry juice that prevents docking of bacteri ... | 2008 | 18691859 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo evidence of dose-dependent decrease of uropathogenic escherichia coli virulence after consumption of commercial vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) capsules. | this study evaluated the antibacterial efficacy of the consumption of cranberry capsules vs. placebo in the urine of healthy volunteers. a first double-blind, randomised, crossover trial involved eight volunteers who had followed three regimens, with or without cranberry, with a wash-out period of at least 6 days between each regimen. twelve hours after consumption of cranberry or placebo hard capsules, the first urine of the morning was collected. different escherichia coli strains were culture ... | 2008 | 18190583 |
| an experimental implementation of chemical subtraction. | a preparative analytical method was developed to selectively remove ("chemically subtract") a single compound from a complex mixture, such as a natural extract or fraction, in a single step. the proof of concept is demonstrated by the removal of pure benzoic acid (ba) from cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) juice fractions that exhibit anti-adhesive effects versus uropathogenic escherichia coli. chemical subtraction of ba, representing a major constituent of the fractions, eliminates the pot ... | 2008 | 18234463 |
| berry fruits: compositional elements, biochemical activities, and the impact of their intake on human health, performance, and disease. | an overwhelming body of research has now firmly established that the dietary intake of berry fruits has a positive and profound impact on human health, performance, and disease. berry fruits, which are commercially cultivated and commonly consumed in fresh and processed forms in north america, include blackberry ( rubus spp.), black raspberry ( rubus occidentalis), blueberry ( vaccinium corymbosum), cranberry (i.e., the american cranberry, vaccinium macrocarpon, distinct from the european cranbe ... | 2008 | 18211023 |
| cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon) and cardiovascular disease risk factors. | the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) is one of the three commercially important fruits native to north america. cranberries are a particularly rich source of phenolic phytochemicals, including phenolic acids (benzoic, hydroxycinnamic, and ellagic acids) and flavonoids (anthocyanins, flavonols, and flavan-3-ols). a growing body of evidence suggests that polyphenols, including those found in cranberries, may contribute to reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (cvd) by increasing th ... | 2007 | 18038941 |
| influence of cranberry phenolics on glucan synthesis by glucosyltransferases and streptococcus mutans acidogenicity. | to investigate the influence of several phenolic compounds isolated from cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon) on some of the virulence properties of streptococcus mutans associated with glucan synthesis and acidogenicity. | 2007 | 17953606 |
| [cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) and urinary tract infections: study model and review of literature]. | cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon) have long been the focus of interest for their beneficial effects in preventing urinary tract infections. among cranberry compounds, a group of proanthocyanidins (pacs) with a-type linkages were isolated which exhibit bacterial anti-adhesion activity against uropathogenic escherichia coli strains. these pac inhibit p-fimbriae synthesis and induce a bacterial deformation. this activity was demonstrated on both antibiotic susceptible and resistant bacteria. this ... | 2007 | 17905535 |
| inoculation of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) with the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus rhizoscyphus ericae increases nitrate influx. | despite the ubiquitous presence of ericoid mycorrhizal (erm) fungi in cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon), no prior studies have examined the effect of erm colonization on no(3)(-) influx kinetics. here, (15)no(3)(-) influx was measured in nonmycorrhizal and mycorrhizal cranberry in hydroponics. mycorrhizal cranberry were inoculated with the erm fungus rhizoscyphus (syn. hymenoscyphus) ericae. (15)no(3)(-) influx by r. ericae in solution culture was also measured. rhizoscyphus ericae no(3)(-) infl ... | 2007 | 17803649 |
| widespread association between the ericoid mycorrhizal fungus rhizoscyphus ericae and a leafy liverwort in the maritime and sub-antarctic. | a recent study identified a fungal isolate from the antarctic leafy liverwort cephaloziella varians as the ericoid mycorrhizal associate rhizoscyphus ericae. however, nothing is known about the wider antarctic distribution of r. ericae in c. varians, and inoculation experiments confirming the ability of the fungus to form coils in the liverwort are lacking. using direct isolation and baiting with vaccinium macrocarpon seedlings, fungi were isolated from c. varians sampled from eight sites across ... | 2007 | 17888123 |
| cranberry juice-- a well-characterized folk-remedy against bacterial urinary tract infection. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) is a north-american folk remedy for treating and preventing infection. research has identified an anti-adhesive mechanism of cranberry-proanthocyanidins that inhibit docking of bacteria on tissues "in vitro". this efficacy mechanism can be traced in the patient's urine following oral intake of cranberry juice. the efficacy of cranberry juice and extracts as a prophylactic agent against recurrent urinary infections is well documented in women. the anti-adhesion e ... | 2007 | 17704981 |
| antiviral effects on bacteriophages and rotavirus by cranberry juice. | studies were undertaken to investigate the antiviral effects of comestible juices, especially cranberry juice, on non-related viral species. after exposure of bacteriophage t2 to a commercially available cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) juice cocktail (cj), virus infectivity titer was no longer detectible. after a 60-min exposure to orange (oj) and grapefruit juices (gj), phage infectivity was reduced to 25-35% of control, respectively. similar data were observed for the bacteriophage t4. cj in ... | 2007 | 17140784 |
| bioactive compounds in cranberries and their role in prevention of urinary tract infections. | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) ingestion has long been associated with prevention of urinary tract infections. the beneficial mechanism was historically thought to be due to the fruit acids causing a bacteriostatic effect in the urine. however, recently, a group of proanthocyanidins (pacs) with a-type linkages were isolated from cranberry which exhibit bacterial antiadhesion activity against both antibiotic susceptible and resistant strains of uropathogenic p-fimbriated escherichia coli ... | 2007 | 17487930 |
| coumaroyl iridoids and a depside from cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon). | cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) juice has been used for urinary tract infections for approximately 50 years. recent research suggests that this botanical blocks adherence of pathogenic e. coli to urinary tract cells, thus preventing infection. while current evidence indicates that proanthocyanidins are responsible for this activity, these compounds may not reach the urinary tract; thus further investigation is warranted. fractionation of cranberry juice concentrate was guided by a recently pub ... | 2007 | 17269823 |
| cranberry and blueberry: evidence for protective effects against cancer and vascular diseases. | growing evidence from tissue culture, animal, and clinical models suggests that the flavonoid-rich fruits of the north american cranberry and blueberry (vaccinium spp.) have the potential ability to limit the development and severity of certain cancers and vascular diseases including atherosclerosis, ischemic stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases of aging. the fruits contain a variety of phytochemicals that could contribute to these protective effects, including flavonoids such as anthocyanins, ... | 2007 | 17533651 |
| stabilization of cranberry anthocyanins in nutraceutical capsules. | anthocyanins can be considered spy-substances, useful in obtaining information regarding the shelf-life of food supplements containing cranberry juice or cranberry-derived extracts. the level of total anthocyanins, as evaluated by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode-array detector and analytically expressed as cyanidin aglycone, represents a 'quality index' useful for routine estimation of shelf-life. the objective of this work was to study the stability of anthocyanins in a commercial ... | 2007 | 17469769 |
| cranberry and its phytochemicals: a review of in vitro anticancer studies. | this article reviews the existing research on the anticancer properties of cranberry fruit and key phytochemicals that are likely contributors to chemoprevention. results from in vitro studies using a variety of tumor models show that polyphenolic extracts from vaccinium macrocarpon inhibit the growth and proliferation of breast, colon, prostate, lung, and other tumors, as do flavonols, proanthocyanidin oligomers, and triterpenoids isolated from the fruit. the unique combination of phytochemical ... | 2007 | 17182824 |
| fruit production in cranberry (ericaceae: vaccinium macrocarpon): a bet-hedging strategy to optimize reproductive effort. | in the cultivated cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon), reproductive stems produce 1-3 fruit even though they usually have 5-7 flowers in the spring. we undertook experiments to test the hypothesis that this was an adaptive life history strategy associated with reproductive effort rather than simply the result of insufficient pollination. we compared fruit production on naturally pollinated plants with those that were either manually pollinated or that were caged to exclude insects. clearly, insect ... | 2006 | 21642154 |
| prevention of nonspecific bacterial cell adhesion in immunoassays by use of cranberry juice. | the ability of vaccinum macrocarpon, the north american cranberry, to prevent bacterial adhesion has been used to advantage in the prevention of urinary tract infections and has recently been described for the prevention of adhesion of bacteria responsible for oral infections and stomach ulcers. this report documents the ability of cranberry juice to reduce nonspecific adhesion of bacteria to the borosilicate glass microscope slides used in an immunoarray biosensor format. nonspecific binding of ... | 2006 | 16448060 |
| effects of honey bee (hymenoptera: apidae) and bumble bee (hymenoptera: apidae) presence on cranberry (ericales: ericaceae) pollination. | honey bees, apis mellifera l., are frequently used to pollinate commercial cranberries, vaccinium macrocarpon ait., but information is lacking on the relative contribution of honey bees and native bees, the effects of surrounding vegetation on bee visitation, and on optimal timing for honey bee introduction. we begin with a descriptive study of numbers of honey bees, bumble bees, and other bees visiting cranberry blossoms, and their subsequent effect on cranberry yield, on three cranberry proper ... | 2006 | 16813289 |
| inhibition of uropathogenic escherichia coli by cranberry juice: a new antiadherence assay. | a combination of microplate technology and turbidity assessment for testing the adherence of p-fimbriated escherichia coli to human uroepithelial cell line t24, validated with the addition of the known inhibitor 4-o-alpha-d-galactopyranosyl-alpha-d-galactopyranose (galabiose), resulted in a high-throughput, biologically relevant assessment of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon). p-fimbriated atcc e. coli strains 25922, 29194, and 49161 were inhibited by galabiose. atcc 29194, a representative urin ... | 2005 | 16277386 |
| a-type cranberry proanthocyanidins and uropathogenic bacterial anti-adhesion activity. | clinical, epidemiological and mechanistic studies support the role of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) in maintaining urinary tract health. cranberry proanthocyanidins contain a-type linkages and have been associated with preventing adhesion of p-fimbriated uropathogenic escherichia coli to uroepithelial cells. it is not known if the presence of the a-type linkage is a prerequisite for anti-adhesion activity. other commercial sources of proanthocyanidins with all b-type linkages have not p ... | 2005 | 16055161 |
| identification of a new phytophthora species causing root and runner rot of cranberry in new jersey. | abstract in new jersey, phytophthora cinnamomi is the pathogen most commonly isolated from diseased roots and runners of the cultivated cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon). a second distinct species of phytophthora has been isolated from dying cranberry plants and surface irrigation water. this species is homothallic with paragynous antheridia and ellipsoid-limoniform, nonpapillate sporangia. it was tentatively identified as p. megasperma in an earlier report. laboratory experiments demonstrate th ... | 2005 | 18943477 |
| cranberry and urinary tract infection. | around 60% of women experience at least one urinary tract infection (uti) during their lifetime, of whom up to 20% will experience recurrence. utis are also common in older people, children and in those with neurological abnormalities such as spina bifida. patients are increasinglyasking healthcare professionals about the value of taking products containing cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon), either as juice or a supplement, for the prevention or treatment of utis. what advice should they be give ... | 2005 | 15762383 |
| effect of light on anthocyanin levels in submerged, harvested cranberry fruit. | anthocyanins are a group of plant antioxidants known for their therapeutic use. the effects of natural light, red light, and far-red light on individual as well as total anthocyanin content in cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon ait) were examined in an experimental setting designed to mimic water-harvesting conditions. the reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) method was used to separate and analyze the anthocyanins. in contrast to the case of the control sample that w ... | 2004 | 15577187 |
| characterization of flavonols in cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) powder. | flavonoids were extracted from cranberry powder with acetone and ethyl acetate and subsequently fractionated with sephadex lh-20 column chromatography. the fraction eluted with a 60% methanol solution was composed primarily of phenolic constituents with maximum absorbance at 340 nm. a high-performance liquid chromatography procedure was developed, which resolved 22 distinct peaks with uv/vis and mass spectra corresponding to flavonol glycoside conjugates. six new constituents not previously repo ... | 2004 | 14733493 |
| effects of species diversity on establishment and coexistence: a phylloplane fungal community model system. | a model system was devised, evaluating the influence that species diversity (species richness) has on fungal establishment and coexistence. seven members of the fungal phylloplane community of vaccinium macrocarpon (american cranberry) were selected to assess how species diversity affected development and coexistence of another community member, pestalotia vaccinii. pestalotia was engaged in competitive interactions on 1% malt extract agar (mea) petri dishes with each of the seven individual sap ... | 2004 | 15692863 |
| total cranberry extract versus its phytochemical constituents: antiproliferative and synergistic effects against human tumor cell lines. | cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon ait.) are an excellent dietary source of phytochemicals that include flavonol glycosides, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins), and organic and phenolic acids. using c-18 and sephadex lipophilic lh-20 column chromatography, hplc, and tandem lc-es/ms, the total cranberry extract (tce) has been analyzed, quantified, and separated into fractions enriched in sugars, organic acids, total polyphenols, proanthocyanidins, and anthocyanins (39.4, 30.0, 10 ... | 2004 | 15113149 |
| responses of mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal erica cinerea and vaccinium macrocarpon to glomus mosseae. | an investigation was carried out on the mycorrhizal colonisation, growth and nutrition of two members of the ericaceae in close proximity to an arbuscular mycorrhizal (am) association. this was undertaken by separating mycorrhizal (em) and non-mycorrhizal (nem) erica cinerea and vaccinium macrocarpon from am (inoculated by glomus mosseae) and non-mycorrhizal (nam) plantago lanceolata using a 30 micro m nylon mesh in a sand culture/pot system. ericoid mycorrhizal colonisation by hymenoscyphus eri ... | 2004 | 14574619 |
| resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in vaccinium berries. | a study was conducted to determine the presence of resveratrol, pterostilbene, and piceatannol in vaccinium berries. samples representing selections and cultivars of 10 species from mississippi, north carolina, oregon, and canada were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. resveratrol was found in vaccinium angustifolium (lowbush blueberry), vaccinium arboretum (sparkleberry), vaccinium ashei (rabbiteye blueberry), vaccinium corymbosum (highbush blueberry), vaccinium elliottii (elliot ... | 2004 | 15264904 |
| dose-response relationships between pollination and fruiting refine pollinator comparisons for cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon [ericaceae]). | comparisons of pollinator efficacy using pollen received on stigmas can be refined by incorporating experimental dose-response relationships for pollen deposition and fruiting responses. a range of discrete pollen doses applied to cranberry stigmas resulted in decelerating curvilinear responses for fruiting, berry size, and seed set. minimum thresholds and maximum asymptotes bounded reproductive responses to incremental stigmatic pollen loads. four bee species were compared for their pollination ... | 2003 | 21659094 |
| oxygen radical absorbing capacity of phenolics in blueberries, cranberries, chokeberries, and lingonberries. | the antioxidant activity of phenolics in fruits of blueberry (vaccinium corymbosum cv. sierra), cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon cv. ben lear), wild chokeberry (aronia melanocarpa), and lingonberry (vaccinium vitis-idaea cv. amberland) was determined in this study. the phenolic constituents and contents among the different berries varied considerably. anthocyanins were found to be the main components in all these berries. chlorogenic acid in blueberry, quercetin glycosides in cranberry and lingo ... | 2003 | 12517117 |
| compensatory response of cranberry to simulated damage by cranberry weevil (anthonomus musculus say) (coleoptera: curculionidae). | cranberry weevil (anthonomus musculus say), a key pest of cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) in massachusetts, deposits eggs in unopened flowers and often severs the flower pedicel from the peduncle. the compensatory response of cranberry to simulated cranberry weevil damage was investigated by severing the pedicel of unopened flowers with scissors. when intensity of damage was varied on the cultivar early black, complete compensation was observed at three of four sites after removal of 33% ... | 2003 | 14994808 |
| identification of triterpene hydroxycinnamates with in vitro antitumor activity from whole cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon). | bioactivity-guided fractionation of cranberry fruit was used to determine the identity of triterpenoid esters from vaccinium macrocarpon, which inhibit tumor cell growth and may play a role in cancer prevention. in our previous study, a fraction from whole fruit exhibited tumor cell growth inhibition in vitro. the major components of this fraction were isolated by chromatographic separation of ethyl acetate extracts, purified by semipreparative hplc, and identified by nmr as cis- (1) and trans- ... | 2003 | 12769521 |
| metabolic adaptation to prolonged anoxia in leaves of american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon). | the indigenous north american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon), when cultivated in specially constructed cranberry bogs, is normally flooded in winter to prevent frost injury. this protection under ice can give rise to prolonged periods of anoxia, which depending on the state of the vines and environmental conditions, can cause severe oxygen-deprivation injury. an experimental study of the tolerance of cranberry vines to controlled total anoxia reveals that mature dark-green perennating leaves ... | 2003 | 12675739 |
| hydrophilic carboxylic acids and iridoid glycosides in the juice of american and european cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon and v. oxycoccos), lingonberries (v. vitis-idaea), and blueberries (v. myrtillus). | analysis of the hydrophilic fraction of cranberry juice by reversed-phase hplc using an aqua luna column with diode array or ms detection revealed the presence of quinic acid, malic acid, shikimic acid, and citric acid. for the first time, two iridoid glucosides were found in the juice. the two iridoid glucosides were shown to be monotropein and 6,7-dihydromonotropein by ms and nmr spectroscopy. a fast reversed-phase hplc method for quantification of the hydrophilic carboxylic acids was develope ... | 2002 | 12405790 |
| botanical medicines for the urinary tract. | four important categories of urologic herbs, their history, and modern scientific investigations regarding them are reviewed. botanical diuretics are discussed with a focus on solidago spp (goldenrod) herb, levisticum officinale (lovage) root, petroselinum crispus (parsley) fruit, and urtica dioica (stinging nettle) herb. urinary antiseptic and anti-adhesion herbs, particularly arctostaphylos uva-ursi (uva-uri) leaf, juniperus spp (juniper) leaf, and vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) fruit are r ... | 2002 | 12522584 |
| controlled-atmosphere effects on postharvest quality and antioxidant activity of cranberry fruits. | the effects of controlled-atmosphere (ca) storage on the firmness, respiration rate, quality, weight loss, total phenolics and flavonoids contents, and total antioxidant activities of the pilgrim and stevens cultivars of cranberries (vaccinium macrocarpon aiton) have been studied during storage in atmospheres of 2, 21, and 70% o(2) with 0, 15, and 30% co(2) (balance n(2)); and 100% n(2) at 3 degrees c. elevated co(2) concentrations decreased bruising, physiological breakdown, and decay of berrie ... | 2002 | 12358462 |
| antioxidant activities and antitumor screening of extracts from cranberry fruit (vaccinium macrocarpon). | polyphenolic compounds in cranberries have been investigated to determine their role in protection against cardiovascular disease and some cancers. extracts of whole fruit were assayed for radical-scavenging activity and tumor growth inhibition using seven tumor cell lines. selective inhibition of k562 and ht-29 cells was observed from a methanolic extract in the range of 16-125 microg/ml. radical-scavenging activity was greatest in an extract composed primarily of flavonol glycosides. seven fla ... | 2002 | 12358448 |
| separation, characterization, and quantitation of benzoic and phenolic antioxidants in american cranberry fruit by gc-ms. | a gc-ms method is reported for separation and characterization of widely different amounts of benzoic and phenolic acids as their trimethylsilyl derivatives simultaneously in cranberry. fifteen benzoic and phenolic acids (benzoic, o-hydroxybenzoic, cinnamic, m-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxybenzoic, p-hydroxyphenyl acetic, phthalic, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic, vanillic, o-hydroxycinnamic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric, ferulic, caffeic, and sinapic acid) were identified in cranberry fruit in their free a ... | 2002 | 12059161 |
| composition of a chemopreventive proanthocyanidin-rich fraction from cranberry fruits responsible for the inhibition of 12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (tpa)-induced ornithine decarboxylase (odc) activity. | phenolics from the american cranberry (vaccinium macrocarpon) were fractionated into a series of proanthocyanidins and other flavonoid compounds by vacuum chromatography on a hydrophilic, porous polyvinylic gel permeation polymer. antioxidant activity was not restricted to a particular class of components in the extract but was found in a wide range of the fractions. significant chemopreventive activity, as indicated by an ornithine decarboxylase assay, was localized in one particular proanthocy ... | 2002 | 11853481 |