| population demography and social structure changes in eulemur fulvus rufus from 1988 to 2003. | eulemur fulvus rufus has been described as having stable multi-male/multi-female groups, a male-biased sex ratio, and female philopatry. however, in a 16-year study of this subspecies we documented a great deal of demographic change as several groups permanently fissioned, some groups disappeared, and new groups formed. we split the dataset into two periods, 1988 to 1993 and 1994 to 2003, which coincided with the first disappearance of a study group (in august 1994) and the first permanent group ... | 2008 | 18257015 |
| anatomy, histology, and ultrasonography of the normal adrenal gland in brown lemur: eulemur fulvus. | the medical care currently to brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) is limited by a lack of knowledge of their anatomy. the aim of this study was to describe the anatomy and histology and obtain ultrasonographic measurements of normal adrenal glands in these animals. | 2017 | 28295350 |
| seasonal variation of sperm morphology in the mayonette brown lemur (eulemur fulvus mayottensis). | | 1990 | 2394417 |
| seasonal variation of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in mayotte's brown lemur (eulemur fulvus mayottensis). | | 1990 | 2262176 |
| can lemurs (eulemur fulvus and e. macaco) use abstract representations of quantities to master the reverse-reward contingency task? | in previous studies we demonstrated that brown and black lemurs (eulemur fulvus and e. macaco) showed self-control abilities under a reverse-reward contingency. they were able to significantly select the smaller quantity of food to be rewarded with the larger one and to generalize this ability when presented with two rewards that differed in quality. in the present study, previously trained subjects had to choose between graphic representations of two different quantities of food under the rever ... | 2011 | 21394424 |
| testing brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) on the reverse-reward contingency task without a modified procedure. | a common paradigm used to study inhibitory control is the reverse-reward contingency task in which the subject is presented with a choice between two different quantities of food and is rewarded with the non-chosen item. most animals have problems inhibiting their impulsive choice towards the larger quantity, and need correction procedures to master the reverse-reward task. recent studies have nonetheless shown that rhesus macaques and white crowned mangabeys were able to master the task without ... | 2011 | 21044665 |
| habitat shifting by the common brown lemur (eulemur fulvus fulvus): a response to food scarcity. | during periods of food scarcity, most primates display behavioral responses, such as dietary switching or adjustment of traveling and foraging efforts, within home ranges. in rare cases, several primate species leave their home ranges for other remote habitats to seek alternative resources; this migration-like behavior is termed "habitat shifting." reports of habitat shifting have concentrated on platyrrhines, but this behavior has rarely been observed among prosimians. during 1 year of observat ... | 2013 | 23591642 |
| a note on the activity cycle of captive white-fronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus albifrons). | we studied the activity cycle of captive-born white-fronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus albifrons) at zurich zoo with the aim to discuss current hypotheses on the evolution of cathemerality in lemurs. in contrast to their relatives in the wild, these lemurs were active exclusively during the day. if cathemerality is a strategy to increase food intake or to avoid predators, then nocturnal activity is not essential for captive animals and may be suppressed simply due to the absence of stimuli. this sug ... | 2006 | 16415582 |
| central males instead of multiple pairs in redfronted lemurs, eulemur fulvus rufus (primates, lemuridae)? | in group-living malagasy primates (lemuriformes), certain demographic and morphological traits deviate both from theoretical expectations derived from sexual selection theory and from patterns in better-known anthropoid primates. lemurs lack sexual dimorphism in body and canine size and live in relatively small multimale-multifemale groups with, on average, even adult sex ratios, despite a polygynous mating system. in addition, the majority of gregarious lemurs are cathemeral, that is, they are ... | 1999 | 10564609 |
| preventing dental calculus formation in lemurs (lemur catta, eulemur fulvus collaris) and baboons (papio cynocephalus). | the prevention of calculus accumulation in exotic animals is a relatively unexplored topic. a 6-mo study in ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) and collared lemurs (eulemur fulvus collaris) and two studies in baboons (papio cynocephalus) (7.5 wks and 6.5 mo) tested the benefits of a primate diet coated with 0.6% sodium hexametaphosphate (hmp) in controlling calculus in these species using a sequential crossover design. the control regimen was an identical, but non-hmp-coated, dry primate chow. at s ... | 1999 | 10572860 |
| how prosimian primates represent tools: experiments with two lemur species (eulemur fulvus and lemur catta). | the authors examined how 2 lemur species (eulemur fulvus and lemur catta) reason about tools. experiment 1 allowed subjects to use 1 of 2 canes to retrieve an inaccessible food reward. lemurs learned to solve this problem as quickly as other primates. experiment 2 then presented subjects with novel tools differing from the originals along one featural dimension. subjects attended more to tools' sizes than to their colors and made no distinction between tools' shapes and textures. experiments 3 a ... | 2005 | 16366773 |
| characterization of polymorphic brown lemur (eulemur fulvus) microsatellite loci and their amplification in the family lemuridae. | | 1999 | 10368973 |
| pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies. | lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the lemuridae and indriidae. three more, eulemur mongoz, eulemur fulvus and varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. the best-known female-bonded societies, those of lemur catta, propithecus diadema edwardsi and propithecus verreauxi, may be assembla ... | 1998 | 9595685 |
| androgen and glucocorticoid levels reflect seasonally occurring social challenges in male redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus). | intense reproductive competition and social instability are assumed to increase concentrations of glucocorticoids and androgens in vertebrates, as a means of coping with these challenges. in seasonally breeding redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus), the mating and the birth season and the associated increased male competition are predicted to pose such reproductive challenges. in this paper, we investigate seasonal variation in hormone excretion in male redfronted lemurs, and examine whether ... | 2008 | 19816530 |
| external forces on the limbs of jumping lemurs at takeoff and landing. | ground reaction forces were recorded for jumps of three individuals each of lemur catta and eulemur fulvus. animals jumped back and forth between a ground-mounted force plate and a 0.5-m elevated platform, covering horizontal distances of 0.5-2 m. in total, 190 takeoffs and 263 landings were collected. animals typically jumped from a run up and into a run out, during which they gained or into which they carried horizontal impulse. correspondingly, vertical impulses dominated takeoffs and landing ... | 2005 | 15810009 |
| the instantaneous center of rotation of the mandible in nonhuman primates. | kinematic analyses of mandibular movement in humans demonstrate that the mandibular instantaneous center of rotation (icor) is commonly located near the level of the occlusal plane and varies in its position during a chewing sequence. few data are available regarding the location of the icor in nonhuman primates and it remains unclear how the position of the icor varies in association with mastication and/or gape behaviors. icor was quantified throughout the gape cycle in five species of nonhuma ... | 2011 | 21622946 |
| transfer of self-control in black (eulemur macaco) and brown (eulemur fulvus) lemurs: choice of a less preferred food item under a reverse-reward contingency. | when presented a choice between two food-type arrays of equivalent size under a reverse-reward contingency, black (eulemur macaco) and brown (eulemur fulvus) lemurs transposed their self-control abilities, acquired in a previous experiment, to significantly select the less-desired food item in order to gain access to the more desired one. however, when presented with the choice between two different food-type arrays in which the amount of the less desired food array was larger than the more desi ... | 2007 | 18085918 |
| predation by eulemur fulvus fulvus on eggs of ploceus sakalava sakalava (aves: ploceidae) in ankarafantsika, madagascar. | | 2006 | 15583420 |
| circadian rhythms in diet and habitat use in red ruffed lemurs (varecia rubra) and white-fronted brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus albifrons). | daily variation in niche use among vertebrates is attributed to a variety of factors, including thermoregulatory, reproductive, and nutritional requirements. lemuriform primates exhibit many behavioral and physiological adaptations related to thermoregulation and sharp, seasonal reproduction, yet they have rarely been subjects of a quantitative analysis of circadian (or daily) rhythms in niche use. in this study, i document daily rhythms in diet and microhabitat use over an annual cycle in two s ... | 2004 | 15252863 |
| a safe technique for collecting semen from lemur fulvus mayottensis. | | 1987 | 3453807 |
| successful artificial insemination in lemur fulvus mayottensis. | a method is reported for collection of sperm by electrostimulation or prostatic massage in order to carry out artificial in utero insemination in lemur fulvus mayottensis. using fresh sperm, one success out of 7 attempts was obtained, although it was achieved with a vesiculectomized male. | 1987 | 3443420 |
| clinal variation in a brown lemur (eulemur spp.) hybrid zone: combining morphological, genetic and climatic data to examine stability. | studies of hybrid zones can inform our understanding of reproductive isolation and speciation. two species of brown lemur (eulemur rufifrons and e. cinereiceps) form an apparently stable hybrid zone in the andringitra region of southeastern madagascar. the aim of this study was to identify factors that contribute to this stability. we sampled animals at 11 sites along a 90-km transect through the hybrid zone and examined variation in 26 microsatellites, the d-loop region of mitochondrial dna, si ... | 2013 | 23865455 |
| feeding behavior of lactating brown lemur females (eulemur fulvus) in mayotte: influence of infant age and plant phenology. | altmann [baboon mothers and infants, university of chicago press, 1980] and dunbar and dunbar [animal behavior 36:970-980, 1988] provided a model that predicts the amount of time spent feeding by lactating baboon females, as related to infant age. dunbar's model further suggests that food quality affects the amount of time that females devote to feeding activity, and is predictable from rainfall and temperature data. in this study the model was tested with data recorded from births of the mayott ... | 2006 | 16900506 |
| reciprocal recognition of sifaka ( propithecus verreauxi verreauxi) and redfronted lemur ( eulemur fulvus rufus) alarm calls. | redfronted lemurs ( eulemur fulvus rufus) and verreaux's sifakas ( propithecus verreauxi verreauxi) occur sympatrically in western madagascar. both species exhibit a so-called mixed alarm call system with functionally referential alarm calls for raptors and general alarm calls for carnivores and raptors. general alarm calls also occur in other contexts associated with high arousal, such as inter-group encounters. field playback experiments were conducted to investigate whether interspecific reco ... | 2004 | 12827548 |
| endocrine characterization of female reproductive status in wild redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus). | in order to characterize the endocrine changes associated with ovarian function and pregnancy in wild redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus), profiles of immunoreactive 5alpha-pregnane-3alpha-ol-20-one (5-p-3oh) and total estrogens (e(t)) in feces were generated during the breeding season and gestation. hplc data confirmed the presence of high amounts of 5-p-3oh in the feces of redfronted lemurs and showed that estrone and estradiol-17beta were the major estrogens excreted into feces, with est ... | 2003 | 12714009 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of a hybrid delta-globin pseudogene from the brown lemur. | | 1982 | 6214636 |
| serum concentrations of calcium and vitamin d metabolites in prosimians. | the concentrations of total calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25-(oh)d] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3] were measured in serum obtained from prosimians, the brown lemurs. the mean serum calcium level was 10.6 mg/dl in male and female lemurs. the mean serum mean 25-(oh)d concentration in serum from male and female lemurs was 27.1 and 31.0 ng/ml, respectively. the mean serum level of 1,25-(oh)2d3 in the female and male lemurs was 65.2 and 65.9 pg/ml, respectively. a small segment of the le ... | 1982 | 6813504 |
| localization of a new highly repeated dna sequence of lemur cafta (lemuridae, strepsirhini). | we have isolated and cloned an 800-bp highly repeated dna (hrdna) sequence from lemur catta (lca) and described its localization on lca chromosomes. lemur catta hrdna sequences were localized by performing fish experiments on standard and elongated metaphasic chromosomes using an lca hrdna probe (lcasat). a complex hybridization pattern was detected. a strong pericentromeric hybridization signal was observed on most lca chromosomes. chromosomes 7 and 13 were lit in pericentromeric regions, as we ... | 2002 | 12416631 |
| social thermoregulation in redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus). | pronounced seasonality, with temperatures dropping as low as 5 degrees c during the dry season, has led to the hypothesis that malagasy lemurs face cold stress and respond to this by inactivity and social thermoregulation, i.e. resting in tight body contact with conspecifics. compared to anthropoids, lemur groups are comprised of an unusually high number of males, leading to an even or slightly male-biased adult sex ratio. according to one hypothesis, females may benefit from these surplus males ... | 2008 | 12399657 |
| statistical methods for analyzing data on daily activity cycles of primates. | many field studies on primates have recently been carried out in which quantitative data have been collected using instantaneous scan sampling techniques. however, data collected in this manner are difficult to analyze statistically because of the problem of independence of samples, and a number of investigators have analyzed such data incorrectly. in this paper, we evaluate such analyses and suggest alternative techniques that may be more appropriate. examples are drawn from data on daily activ ... | 1979 | 453341 |
| [tele-electromyography of various quadriceps femoris muscle bundles during locomotion in a madagascar lemur (lemur fulvus)]. | the vastus lateralis muscle is of primary importance in leaping inasmuch as it initiates the jumps; on the contrary the activity of the vastus intermedius does not increase during jumping, but it is the only one to be active in quadrupedal resting postures. | 1979 | 114329 |
| correlates between locomotor anatomy and behavior in two sympatric of lemur. | sympatric populations of lemur catta and lemur fulvus show major differences in their occupation of canopy forest levels. lemur catta is usually found in the lowest levels of the forest, and uses the ground for travel over 65% of the time. lemur fulvus uses the upper levels of the canopy forest and is observed on the ground in less than 2% of all observations. comparison of hindlimb musculoskeletal anatomy show statistically significant differences in the lengths of the long bones and the height ... | 1979 | 111558 |
| aggressive and neutral interventions in conflicts in captive groups of brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus fulvus). | third-party interventions in conflicts have revealed complexity in primate social relationships. this type of intervention has seldom been analyzed in prosimians, although many of these species exhibit complex (multimale/multifemale) social organizations. the present study on captive brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus fulvus) shows that dominant individuals were more likely to intervene in conflicts. both males and females intervened aggressively in conflicts. female aggressive interventions occurred ... | 2002 | 12115281 |
| niche separation in varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons: ii. intraspecific patterns. | based on a year-long field study in northeastern madagascar, i summarize annual patterns of niche use (food patch size, diet, forest height, and forest site) in two sympatric lemurs, varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons. furthermore, i examine intraspecific patterns of niche use according to sex, season, and reproductive stage in these two lemurs that differ in terms of energetic investment in reproduction. lemurs as a group provide a special opportunity to test hypotheses concer ... | 2002 | 12012369 |
| gaze following and gaze priming in lemurs. | although primates have often been found to co-orient visually with other individuals, members of these same species have usually failed to use co-orientation to find hidden food in object-choice experiments. this presents an evolutionary puzzle: what is the function of co-orientation if it is not used for a function as basic as locating resources? co-orientation responses have not been systematically investigated in object-choice experiments, and requiring co-orientation with humans (as is typic ... | 2009 | 19107531 |
| inferences about the location of food in lemurs (eulemur macaco and eulemur fulvus): a comparison with apes and monkeys. | the ability of black and brown lemurs (eulemur macaco and eulemur fulvus) to make inferences about hidden food was tested using the same paradigm as in call's (j comp psycol 118:232-241, 2004) cup task experiment. when provided with either visual or auditory information about the content of two boxes (one empty, one baited), lemurs performed better in the auditory condition than in the visual one. when provided with visual or auditory information only about the empty box, one subject out of four ... | 2012 | 22806271 |
| discrimination between individuals by scent in lemur fulvus. | when a captive lemur fulvus is habituated to the scent of another l. fulvus by repeatedly presenting it with that individual's scent, and is then presented with the scent of a second individual, the amount of sniffing of the scents increases, indicating that it discriminated between the scents of the two individuals. the two individuals' scents were significantly discriminated in eight of eleven different combinations of scent receiver and pair of scent donors. the two scent donors were always o ... | 1976 | 817623 |
| adaptive and phylogenetic significance of ontogenetic sequences in archaeolemur, subfossil lemur from madagascar. | among the best known of recently extinct malagasy lemurs is archaeolemur, which is represented by many hundreds of specimens. the phylogenetic affinities of this taxon are unclear, especially in light of recent preliminary analysis of ancient dna which does not support its previously accepted close relationship with the living indridae. we examined the nearly complete skeletons of two adults and one juvenile and other less complete specimens to reconstruct aspects of the ontogeny of archaeolemur ... | 2001 | 11782109 |
| cathemerality in the mayotte brown lemur (eulemur fulvus): seasonality and food quality. | in past decades, cathemerality--as defined by tattersall [1987]--has been documented in two primate families: cebidae and lemuridae. in the lemuridae, in particular the genus eulemur, cathemeral activity seems to be a regular behavioural trait. nevertheless, ultimate and proximate determinants responsible for this behaviour remain unclear. in this study, in a dry and deciduous forest on mayotte (comoro archipelago), activities of 4 female brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus fulvus) were recorded by foc ... | 2006 | 16415584 |
| nerve endings of the lemur (lemur fulvus rufus). | | 1965 | 4157507 |
| the skin of primates. xx. development of the appendages in lemur catta and lemur fulvus. | | 1964 | 14298294 |
| relationships among brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) based on mitochondrial dna sequences. | the brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) include seven subspecies, whose evolutionary relationships remain contentious. in particular, it is unclear whether the malagasy and comorian e. f. fulvus populations are differentiated at the subspecific level (e. f. mayottensis). furthermore, it has been suggested that e. f. collaris and e. f. albocollaris are separate species. analyses of approximately 2400 bp of mitochondrial dna sequence data from part of the coiii gene, together with complete genes for nd3 ... | 2000 | 10991794 |
| habitat degradation and seasonality affect physiological stress levels of eulemur collaris in littoral forest fragments. | the littoral forest on sandy soil is among the most threatened habitats in madagascar and, as such, it represents a hot-spot within a conservation hot-spot. assessing the health of the resident lemur fauna is not only critical for the long-term viability of these populations, but also necessary for the future re-habilitation of this unique habitat. since the endangered collared brown lemur, eulemur collaris, is the largest seed disperser of the malagasy south-eastern littoral forest its survival ... | 2014 | 25229944 |
| fibre type composition in the lumbar perivertebral muscles of primates: implications for the evolution of orthogrady in hominoids. | the axial musculoskeletal system is important for the static and dynamic control of the body during both locomotor and non-locomotor behaviour. as a consequence, major evolutionary changes in the positional habits of a species are reflected by morpho-functional adaptations of the axial system. because of the remarkable phenotypic plasticity of muscle tissue, a close relationship exists between muscle morphology and function. one way to explore major evolutionary transitions in muscle function is ... | 2014 | 24433382 |
| phylogeographic analysis of the true lemurs (genus eulemur) underlines the role of river catchments for the evolution of micro-endemism in madagascar. | due to its remarkable species diversity and micro-endemism, madagascar has recently been suggested to serve as a biogeographic model region. however, hypothesis-based tests of various diversification mechanisms that have been proposed for the evolution of the island's micro-endemic lineages are still limited. here, we test the fit of several diversification hypotheses with new data on the broadly distributed genus eulemur using coalescent-based phylogeographic analyses. | 2013 | 24228694 |
| true lemurs…true species - species delimitation using multiple data sources in the brown lemur complex. | species are the fundamental units in evolutionary biology. however, defining them as evolutionary independent lineages requires integration of several independent sources of information in order to develop robust hypotheses for taxonomic classification. here, we exemplarily propose an integrative framework for species delimitation in the "brown lemur complex" (blc) of madagascar, which consists of seven allopatric populations of the genus eulemur (primates: lemuridae), which were sampled extensi ... | 2013 | 24159931 |
| testing positional behavior of malagasy lemurs: a randomization approach. | studies of primate positional behavior have only occasionally employed statistical testing because these data sets violate the assumptions underlying most standard statistical tests. as currently practiced, both common methods of collecting data on positional behavior involve sequential observations of a limited number of individuals, leading to data sets consisting of interdependent observations. data collected from sequential observations may not be as dependent as currently accepted; however, ... | 1994 | 8085611 |
| social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus. | a group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. in the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the ... | 1992 | 24924496 |
| marking behaviour in two lemur species (l. fulvus and l. macaco): relation to social status, reproduction, aggression and environmental change. | the influence of social status, reproductive and agonistic contexts and environmental change on scent-marking and allomarking rates were studied in captive groups of lemur fulvus and lemur macaco. no evidence of female social dominance over males appeared in either species. in l. fulvus, intrasexual relationships were characterized by the dominance of one adult male over another and by the existence of female affiliative association ('central' vs. 'peripheral' females). in l. macaco, no intrasex ... | 1992 | 1306176 |
| [teratospermia and the fertilizing capacity of semen in the lemur]. | as in fertile men, lemur fulvus mayottensis spermatozoa are pleiomorphic. percentage of structural defects of semen varies in breeding and nonbreeding seasons. spermatozoa exhibit acrosomal and flagella abnormalities. these primates could serve as a useful model for teratospermia study, especially because this seasonal variation. | 1990 | 2336282 |
| telemetered electromyography of the fast and slow extensors of the leg of the brown lemur (lemur fulvus). | quantitative telemetered electromyography from the four heads of the quadriceps femoris (vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis) during normal postures and locomotion (quadrupedal resting, walk/run, gallop and leaping) is presented for the brown lemur, lemur fulvus. the vastus intermedius is the sole contributor to muscle recruitment during quadrupedal resting postures. it exhibits consistently high levels of electrical activity during all locomotory behaviour. ... | 1987 | 3625121 |
| prosimian hemoglobins. iii. the primary structures of the duplicated alpha-globin chains of lemur variegatus. | the amino acid sequences of the alpha chains of hemoglobins purified from lemur variegatus erythrocytes have been determined. the sequences were determined primarily from peptides generated from treatment of the isolated alpha chains with cyanogen bromide or warm formic acid. the ordering of the peptides from both alpha globins was based on the homology between lemur hemoglobins and those of other primates. the genetic difference at position 15 (asn vs. lys) explains the phenotypic characteristi ... | 1986 | 3756186 |
| architectural and histochemical diversity within the quadriceps femoris of the brown lemur (lemur fulvus). | physiologically related features of muscle morphology are considered with regard to functional adaptation for locomotor and postural behavior in the brown lemur (lemur fulvus). reduced physiological cross-sectional area, estimated maximum excursion of the tendon of insertion, length of tendon per muscle fasciculus, and areal fiber type composition were examined in the quadriceps femoris in order to assess the extent of a "division of labor" among four apparent synergists. each of these four musc ... | 1986 | 3706515 |
| habitat separation of semifree-ranging lemur catta and lemur fulvus. | habitat use of two semifree-ranging groups of lemurs, lemur catta and lemur fulvus, was studied in relation to abiotic, floristic, and structural characteristics of their enclosure. l. catta was very flexible in the use of the habitat and showed a tendency for random utilization. but this species reacted quickly to changes of the abiotic environment. l. fulvus preferred to stay in areas with dense vegetation but good lateral visibility and close to the food plants. abiotic factors such as solar ... | 1985 | 4093080 |
| a model for comparison of masticatory effectiveness in primates. | a model is presented to express how effectively animals increase the exposed surface area of their food by chewing. it includes a coefficient of masticatory effectiveness (e) the value of which increases with effectiveness of exposing new food surface area with each chew. humans and other species of primates differ significantly in their values of e; among the nonhuman primates studied, lemur catta has a higher coefficient than lemur fulvus, and both have higher coefficients than either varecia ... | 1982 | 7097769 |
| microscopic anatomy of the apical part of the tongue of lemur fulvus (primates, lemuriformes). | orally pointing papillary projections at the tip of the tongue of lemur fulvus exhibit an anatomical structure indicating their nature as sense organs perceiving tactile stimulations. the papillae operariae of the apical part of the dorsum linguae as well as of the anterior lateral margins are papillae coronatae. only fungiform papillae exhibit taste buds. the papillae operariae outnumber the fungiform papillae to such an extent that it is justified to consider the rostral part of the tongue as ... | 1981 | 7286596 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. v. chromosomal banding studies of lemur fulvus albifrons, lemur rubriventer and its hybrids with lemur fulvus fulvus. | the karyotype of lemur fulvus albifrons, l. rubriventer and its hybrids with l. fulvus fulvus were compared with that of l. fulvus. fulvus. the two subspecies of l. fulvus have the same karyotype. l. rubriventer differs from l. fulvus by five robertsonian translocations and also by increased heterochromatin in the juxtacentromeric region of the x chromosome. the karyotypes in the present study compared with those of other lemurs allowed us to propose a general scheme representing the chromosomal ... | 1980 | 7419135 |
| the oestrous cycle of the brown lemur, lemur fulvus. | examination of vaginal smears and observations of the colour and tumescence of the genitalia and discharge of mucus of 9 brown lemurs indicated that the oestrous cycle lasted for 30 days and that cycles occurred between september and july. the timing of cycles of females housed in visual isolation differed from that of females able to see other lemurs, indicating that the oestrous cycle in this species can be influenced by different housing conditions. | 1978 | 102789 |
| chromosomes of lemuriformes. ii. chromosome polymorphism in lemur fulvus collaris (e. geoffroy 1812). | two previously unreported diploid numbers, 2n = 50 and 2n = 51, from five individual lemur fulvus collaris are described. in both chromosome complements, the nombre fondamental is 64. the 2n = 50 complement is composed of 7 pairs of bi-armed chromosomes, 17 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes with small short arms, and acrocentric sex chromosomes. the 2n = 51 complement is identical with these exceptions: only one member equivalent to bi-armed pair 6 of l.f. collaris (2n = 50) is present, and two e ... | 1977 | 404882 |
| morphological characterization of a brown lemur hybrid zone (eulemur rufifrons × e. cinereiceps). | hybridization has recently been identified as a pervasive force in the evolution of primates. in this study, we characterized a hybrid zone between two species of brown lemur (eulemur rufifrons and e. cinereiceps) in the andringitra region of southeastern madagascar using morphological traits. we immobilized animals along a north-south transect (∼80 km), scored them for their degree of hybridity using pelage traits and measured standard morphometric variables. results from our study suggest that ... | 2011 | 21312177 |
| patterns of maternal care in lemurs. iii. lemur variegatus. | lemur fulvus, l. catta, and l. variegatus differ markedly in the details of mother-infant relations. do these differences account for those seen in adult life? we hope to determine this through interspecific cross-fostering. here we describe the normal pattern of rearing of 5 infants among two groups of 2 and 5 adult l. variegatus, reared in the laboratory. the descriptions cover the first 7 months of life, and include the effects of maternal separation at 150 days of age, when estrus normally d ... | 1976 | 817532 |
| [cytogenetic study of 2 lemurs, lemur macaco macaco, linné 1766 and lemur fulvus rufus (audebert 1800) and of a hybrid macaco macaco]. | | 1969 | 4259196 |
| stuck in fragments: population genetics of the endangered collared brown lemur eulemur collaris in the malagasy littoral forest. | the endangered collared brown lemur (eulemur collaris) is the largest primate living in the littoral forest of southeastern madagascar, a top priority habitat for biodiversity conservation on the island. because this lemur is a key seed-disperser, an evaluation of the structure and connectivity of the populations surviving in the forest fragments is urgently needed to guide conservation plans. | 2017 | 28429848 |
| discrimination between males and females by scent in lemur fulvus. | two captive male lemur fulvus were presented with scents of conspecific males and females, outside the mating season. both subjects sniffed male scents significantly more than female scents. male and female scents did not elicit significantly different amounts of scent marking. none of the responses of either subject suggested any discrimination of sub-species by scent. | 1977 | 404945 |
| responses to a live snake by lemur macaco macaco and lemur fulvus mayottensis in captivity. | | 1992 | 1618434 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. ii. meiosis in intra- and interspecific hybrids in the genus lemur. | the chromosome analysis of meiosis in four lemurs, lemur fulvus fulvus, l. f. collaris, l. f. albocollaris, and l. macaco, and particular hybrid crosses is reported. in metaphase i, trivalents and chain elements were detected and identified with t-banding. the study largely confirms our previous work on mitotic karyotype comparisons in the genus lemur. the absence of chain multivalents elements in the pachytene stages of hybrid meiosis, where a chain is detected later in diakinesis, may offer ev ... | 1977 | 406119 |
| pitch control and speed limitation during overground deceleration in lemurid primates. | an animal's fitness is influenced by the ability to move safely through its environment. recent models have shown that aspects of body geometry, for example, limb length and center of mass (com) position, appear to set limits for pitch control in cursorial quadrupeds. models of pitch control predict that the body shape of these and certain other primates, with short forelimbs and posteriorly positioned com, should allow them to decelerate rapidly while minimizing the risk of pitching forward. we ... | 2019 | 30653715 |
| organization of white adipose tissue in lemuridae. | the gross anatomy of white adipose tissue was studied in seven carcasses representing three lemurid species (lemur catta, eulemur fulvus, e. mongoz) to validate in vivo methods of assessing fatness, and to contribute to a comprehensive database on the organization of adipose tissue in mammalia. during the years preceding their deaths, subjects had been either caged or semi-provisioned under semi-captive conditions, and their body masses had been recorded several times annually. all specimens wer ... | 1995 | 31924060 |
| photopigments underlying color vision in ringtail lemurs (lemur catta) and brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus). | a recent examination of color vision in the ringtail lemur produced evidence that these prosimians could make color discriminations consistent with a diagnosis of trichromatic color vision. however, it was unclear if this behavior reflected the presence of three classes of cone or whether lemurs might be able to utilize signals from rods in conjunction with those from only two classes of cone. to resolve that issue, spectral sensitivity functions were obtained from ringtail lemurs (lemur catta) ... | 1993 | 31937014 |
| a possible role of plantations for primate conservation in madagascar. | the utilization of eucalyptus plantations by seven sympatric species of prosimians was studied in the eastern rainforest of madagascar. the species were avahi laniger, cheirogaleus major, hapalemur griseus, indri indri, lemur fulvus, lepilemur mustelinus, and microcebus rufus. none of the lemurs was ever found in young eucalyptus plantations with little undergrowth. this was mainly due to the lack of travel opportunities within the shrub layer and between the shrubs and the canopy. food (mainly ... | 1987 | 31973503 |
| lemur species-specific metapopulation responses to habitat loss and fragmentation. | determining what factors affect species occurrence is vital to the study of primate biogeography. we investigated the metapopulation dynamics of a lemur community consisting of eight species (avahi occidentalis, propithecus coquereli, microcebus murinus, microcebus ravelobensis, lepilemur edwardsi, cheirogaleus medius, eulemur mongoz, and eulemur fulvus) within fragmented tropical dry deciduous forest habitat in ankarafantsika national park, madagascar. we measured fragment size and isolation of ... | 2018 | 29742108 |
| comparison of the glucocorticoid concentrations between three species of lemuridae kept in a temporary housing facility. | we compared the glucocorticoid concentrations in response to various types of potential stressors present during standard operation of a temporary housing facility between three species, namely, ring-tailed lemurs, collared brown lemurs and white-headed lemurs. the levels of faecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fgms) were measured non-invasively on a daily basis during a 30-day period. a total of 510 faecal samples were collected. concentrations of immunoreactive glucocorticoid hormone metabolites ... | 2020 | 32532091 |
| occupancy strongly influences faecal microbial composition of wild lemurs. | the microbiota of the mammalian gut is a complex ecosystem, the composition of which is greatly influenced by host genetics and environmental factors. in this study, we aim to investigate the influence of occupancy (a geographical area of habitation), species, age and sex on intestinal microbiota composition of the three lemur species: eulemur fulvus, e. rubriventer and e. rufifrons. faecal samples were collected from a total of 138 wild lemurs across madagascar, and microbial composition was de ... | 2018 | 29415151 |
| diet and effects of sanford's brown lemur (eulemur sanfordi, archbold 1932) gut-passage on the germination of plant species in amber forest, madagascar. | kaloantsimo sarah chen, jun qing li, jean rasoarahona, fousseni folega, and christophe manjaribe (2016)eulemur sanfordi belongs to a group of endemic lemur species in amber mountain national park, madagascar. the diet of e. sanfordi and the effects of gut-passage on the germination of seeds were studied to determine how the feeding activities of this lemur affect the integrity of this forest ecosystem. a specific group of e. sanfordi was observed and monitored during 396 hours from the end of th ... | 2016 | 31966166 |
| an analysis of birth sex ratio bias in captive prosimian species. | the extent to which sex ratio bias is a common reproductive characteristic of prosimians has not been well established. the present study analyzed reproduction in 13 breeding groups of captive prosimians for evidence of birth sex ratio bias. a substantial male bias was demonstrated in nongregarious, but not gregarious, breeding groups. analyses of birth sex ratios of individual mothers suggested that the observed bias did not result from the tendency of a few mothers to overproduce males, but ra ... | 1996 | 31918482 |
| absence of evidence of rift valley fever infection in eulemur fulvus (brown lemur) in mayotte during an interepidemic period. | the potential role of eulemur fulvus (brown lemur) in the epidemiology of rift valley fever (rvf) in mayotte, during an interepidemic period, was explored. in february and march 2016, 72 animals were blood sampled and tested for rvf. no evidence of rvf genome or antibodies was found in the samples. the role of other wild mammals on the island should, however, be further investigated. | 2017 | 28437185 |
| biomedical evaluation of a brown lemur (eulemur fulvus spp.) population from mbouzi islet, mayotte island. | the brown lemur population (eulemur fulvus spp.) in mbouzi islet is not native, and was introduced in 1997. since then, the population has grown. in 2012 the national council for protection of nature of mayotte requested to remove this population of lemurs from mbouzi, as they were suspected to be a threat to the protected endemic flora of the islet. the association francophone des vétérinaires de parcs zoologiques (french-speaking zoo veterinarians association, afvpz) was asked to conduct a bio ... | 2019 | 33517635 |
| differential patterns in flower feeding by eulemur fulvus rufus and eulemur rubriventer in madagascar. | in this paper, i describe the differential patterns of flower feeding observed in rufous lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) and red-bellied lemurs (e. rubriventer) in the ranomafana national park, madagascar. red-bellied lemurs licked nectar from flowers while rufous lemurs ate all flower parts from the same flower species. several hypotheses are examined to explain the significance of flower feeding in these two species. in many primate species, flower feeding functions as a keystone resource and/or ... | 1992 | 31941214 |
| energy (im-)balance in frugivorous lemurs in southern madagascar: a preliminary study in lemur catta and eulemur rufifrons × collaris. | the reproductive cycle of several lemur species is synchronized by photoperiodic changes and it is attuned to the seasonal fluctuations in food supply. nevertheless, irregular periods of food shortage occur in madagascar, which can result in a negative energy balance and reduced fitness, especially in frugivorous species. here, we tested whether ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) and brown lemurs (eulemur rufifrons × collaris) use fat stores to maintain their energy balance in a gallery forest of ... | 2018 | 30286458 |
| total energy expenditure and body composition in two free-living sympatric lemurs. | evolutionary theories that account for the unusual socio-ecological traits and life history features of group-living prosimians, compared with other primates, predict behavioral and physiological mechanisms to conserve energy. low energy output and possible fattening mechanisms are expected, as either an adaptive response to drastic seasonal fluctuations of food supplies in madagascar, or persisting traits from previously nocturnal hypometabolic ancestors. free ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur ... | 2010 | 20360848 |
| context-specific response inhibition and differential impact of a learning bias in a lizard. | response inhibition (inhibiting prepotent responses) is needed for reaching a more favourable goal in situations where reacting automatically would be detrimental. inhibiting prepotent responses to resist the temptation of a stimulus in certain situations, such as a novel food item, can directly affect an animal's survival. in humans and dogs, response inhibition varies between contexts and between individuals. we used two contextually different experiments to investigate response inhibition in ... | 2019 | 30707367 |
| abiotic factors affecting the cathemeral activity of eulemur fulvus in the dry deciduous forest of north-western madagascar. | cathemeral primates perform significant amounts of activity during the daylight and dark portions of the 24-h cycle. most brown lemurs have been reported to be cathemeral. a previous study reported that brown lemurs in ankarafantsika national park (anp) shift their activity pattern from being cathemeral in the dry season to being diurnal in the wet season. from july 2015 to march 2016, we collected data on active behaviour of brown lemurs over 46 full-day and 33 full-night observations, distribu ... | 2020 | 32155623 |
| life in a fragment: evolution of foraging strategies of translocated collared brown lemurs, eulemur collaris, over an 18-year period. | while the drivers of primate persistence in forest fragments have been often considered at the population level, the strategies to persist in these habitats have been little investigated at the individual or group level. considering the rapid variation of fragment characteristics over time, longitudinal data on primates living in fragmented habitats are necessary to understand the key elements for their persistence. since translocated animals have to cope with unfamiliar areas and face unknown f ... | 2020 | 32072654 |
| local habitat, not phylogenetic relatedness, predicts gut microbiota better within folivorous than frugivorous lemur lineages. | both host phylogenetic placement and feeding strategy influence the structure of the gut microbiome (gmb); however, parsing their relative contributions presents a challenge. to meet this challenge, we compared gmb structure in two genera of lemurs characterized by different dietary specializations, the frugivorous brown lemurs ( eulemur spp.) and the folivorous sifakas ( propithecus spp.). these genera sympatrically occupy similar habitats (dry forests and rainforests) and diverged over similar ... | 2019 | 31185820 |
| measurement of body segment mass, center of gravity, and determination of moments of inertia by double pendulum in lemur fulvus. | the collection of data on physical parameters of body segments is a preliminary critical step in studying the biomechanics of locomotion. little data on nonhuman body segment parameters has been published. the lack of standardization of techniques for data collection and presentation has made the comparative use of these data difficult and at times impossible. this study offers an approach for collecting data on center of gravity and moments of inertia for standardized body segments. the double ... | 1987 | 31973500 |
| food choice from endemic north carolina tree species by captive prosimians (lemur fulvus). | seven captive-born lemurs (lemur fulvus) at the duke university primate center were presented with leaves of different maturity from five species of north carolina trees. the animals demonstrated three distinct behaviors toward the novel plant material. they sniffed, tasted, and/or ingested it. new leaves were sniffed, but little tasting and ingestion was observed. intermediate pine needles were sniffed and ingested but little tasted. mature leaves were sniffed equally, but the mature leaves of ... | 1983 | 31986866 |
| the role of facial pattern variation for species recognition in red-fronted lemurs (eulemur rufifrons). | species recognition, i.e., the ability to distinguish conspecifics from heterospecifics, plays an essential role in reproduction. the role of facial cues for species recognition has been investigated in several non-human primate species except for lemurs. we therefore investigated the role of facial cues for species recognition in wild red-fronted lemurs (eulemur rufifrons) at kirindy forest. we presented adult red-fronted lemurs pictures of male faces from five species including red-fronted lem ... | 2018 | 29433448 |
| ecological correlates to activity and habitat use of two prosimian primates: eulemur rubriventer and eulemur fulvus rufus in madagascar. | in this paper, i provide data on the possible effects of group size and seasonal changes in food availability on the activity and habitat use patterns of two species of prosimian primate: the rufous lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus) and the red-bellied lemur (eulemur rubriventer). general and subtle seasonal differences were observed between lemur species in (1) group size and composition, (2) activity profiles, and (3) habitat use. rufous lemur groups were larger (mean = 8 individuals) and contained ... | 1996 | 31918523 |
| assessment of environmental enrichment for different primate species under low budget: a case study. | the 2011 european union zoo inquiry presented evidence that most zoos fail to achieve adequate levels of nonhuman animal welfare. appropriate environmental enrichment (ee) can play a role in the promotion of welfare. however, financial and staff constraints frequently make it challenging to implement ee on a daily basis. the aim of this study was to test how individuals of three different nonhuman primate species at the maia zoo in portugal (white-handed gibbons, hylobates lar; mona monkeys, cer ... | 2018 | 29299937 |
| jaw elevator muscle coordination during rhythmic mastication in primates: are triplets units of motor control? | the activity of mammal jaw elevator muscles during chewing has often been described using the concept of the triplet motor pattern, in which triplet i (balancing side superficial masseter and medial pterygoid; working side posterior temporalis) is consistently activated before triplet ii (working side superficial masseter and medial pterygoid; balancing side posterior temporalis), and each triplet of muscles is recruited and modulated as a unit. here, new measures of unison, synchrony, and coord ... | 2020 | 31821998 |
| evaluating the triplet hypothesis during rhythmic mastication in primates. | mammalian mastication involves precise jaw movements including transverse movement of the mandible during the power stroke. jaw elevation and transverse movement are driven by asymmetrical jaw elevator muscle activity, which is thought to include a phylogenetically primitive and conserved triplet motor pattern consisting of: triplet i (balancing side: superficial masseter and medial pterygoid; working side: posterior temporalis), which reaches onset, peak and offset first; and triplet ii (workin ... | 2018 | 29133297 |