Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| the skin of primates. xx. development of the appendages in lemur catta and lemur fulvus. | 1964 | 14298294 | |
| nerve endings of the lemur (lemur fulvus rufus). | 1965 | 4157507 | |
| [cytogenetic study of 2 lemurs, lemur macaco macaco, linné 1766 and lemur fulvus rufus (audebert 1800) and of a hybrid macaco macaco]. | 1969 | 4259196 | |
| patterns of maternal care in lemurs. iii. lemur variegatus. | lemur fulvus, l. catta, and l. variegatus differ markedly in the details of mother-infant relations. do these differences account for those seen in adult life? we hope to determine this through interspecific cross-fostering. here we describe the normal pattern of rearing of 5 infants among two groups of 2 and 5 adult l. variegatus, reared in the laboratory. the descriptions cover the first 7 months of life, and include the effects of maternal separation at 150 days of age, when estrus normally d ... | 1976 | 817532 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. i. chromosome banding studies in the genuses lemur and micrcebus. | the successive use of several banding methods permitted us to compare the karyotypes of six malagasy lemurs: microcebus murinus, lemur fulvus fulvus, l. f. collaris, l. f. albocollaris, l. macaco, and l. mongoz. a correspondence can be found among all clearly identifiable chromosomes. based on rearrangements of some of the chromosomes, the karyotype of m. murinus seems to be closest to that of the hypothetical common ancestor. the karyotype of l. f fulvus, which is nearly identical to that of m. ... | 1976 | 828095 |
| discrimination between individuals by scent in lemur fulvus. | when a captive lemur fulvus is habituated to the scent of another l. fulvus by repeatedly presenting it with that individual's scent, and is then presented with the scent of a second individual, the amount of sniffing of the scents increases, indicating that it discriminated between the scents of the two individuals. the two individuals' scents were significantly discriminated in eight of eleven different combinations of scent receiver and pair of scent donors. the two scent donors were always o ... | 1976 | 817623 |
| codominant autosomal inheritance of polymorphic red cell acid phosphates of lemurs and some properties of the enzymes. | red cell acid phosphatase phenotypes of 207 captive animals of the genera lemur, hapalemur, and prophithecus were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and phosphatase-specific staining. in lemur fulvus, three phenotypes, designated a, b, and ab, were observed. in each of the species l. catta, l. macaco, l. mongoz, and l. variegatus, a single phenotype was observed, in hapalemur griseus, three phenotypes were found: a,b, and ab. in propithecus verreauxi, a single phenotype was found. examinat ... | 1977 | 406895 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. ii. meiosis in intra- and interspecific hybrids in the genus lemur. | the chromosome analysis of meiosis in four lemurs, lemur fulvus fulvus, l. f. collaris, l. f. albocollaris, and l. macaco, and particular hybrid crosses is reported. in metaphase i, trivalents and chain elements were detected and identified with t-banding. the study largely confirms our previous work on mitotic karyotype comparisons in the genus lemur. the absence of chain multivalents elements in the pachytene stages of hybrid meiosis, where a chain is detected later in diakinesis, may offer ev ... | 1977 | 406119 |
| chromosomes of lemuriformes. ii. chromosome polymorphism in lemur fulvus collaris (e. geoffroy 1812). | two previously unreported diploid numbers, 2n = 50 and 2n = 51, from five individual lemur fulvus collaris are described. in both chromosome complements, the nombre fondamental is 64. the 2n = 50 complement is composed of 7 pairs of bi-armed chromosomes, 17 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes with small short arms, and acrocentric sex chromosomes. the 2n = 51 complement is identical with these exceptions: only one member equivalent to bi-armed pair 6 of l.f. collaris (2n = 50) is present, and two e ... | 1977 | 404882 |
| discrimination between males and females by scent in lemur fulvus. | two captive male lemur fulvus were presented with scents of conspecific males and females, outside the mating season. both subjects sniffed male scents significantly more than female scents. male and female scents did not elicit significantly different amounts of scent marking. none of the responses of either subject suggested any discrimination of sub-species by scent. | 1977 | 404945 |
| the oestrous cycle of the brown lemur, lemur fulvus. | examination of vaginal smears and observations of the colour and tumescence of the genitalia and discharge of mucus of 9 brown lemurs indicated that the oestrous cycle lasted for 30 days and that cycles occurred between september and july. the timing of cycles of females housed in visual isolation differed from that of females able to see other lemurs, indicating that the oestrous cycle in this species can be influenced by different housing conditions. | 1978 | 102789 |
| correlates between locomotor anatomy and behavior in two sympatric of lemur. | sympatric populations of lemur catta and lemur fulvus show major differences in their occupation of canopy forest levels. lemur catta is usually found in the lowest levels of the forest, and uses the ground for travel over 65% of the time. lemur fulvus uses the upper levels of the canopy forest and is observed on the ground in less than 2% of all observations. comparison of hindlimb musculoskeletal anatomy show statistically significant differences in the lengths of the long bones and the height ... | 1979 | 111558 |
| statistical methods for analyzing data on daily activity cycles of primates. | many field studies on primates have recently been carried out in which quantitative data have been collected using instantaneous scan sampling techniques. however, data collected in this manner are difficult to analyze statistically because of the problem of independence of samples, and a number of investigators have analyzed such data incorrectly. in this paper, we evaluate such analyses and suggest alternative techniques that may be more appropriate. examples are drawn from data on daily activ ... | 1979 | 453341 |
| [tele-electromyography of various quadriceps femoris muscle bundles during locomotion in a madagascar lemur (lemur fulvus)]. | the vastus lateralis muscle is of primary importance in leaping inasmuch as it initiates the jumps; on the contrary the activity of the vastus intermedius does not increase during jumping, but it is the only one to be active in quadrupedal resting postures. | 1979 | 114329 |
| amino acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of adult hemoglobin of the brown lemur, lemur fulvus fulvus. | globin prepared from hemoglobin of the brown lemur (lemur fulvus fulvus) was separated into alpha and beta chains by chromatography on a cm 52 column. the s-aminoethylated alpha and beta chains were each digested with trypsin and resulting peptides were isolated. the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides were established. the ordering of these peptides in the alpha and beta chains was deduced from the homology of their amino acid sequences with that of human adult hemoglobin. the primary ... | 1979 | 107155 |
| chromosomes of lemuriformes. v. a comparison of the karyotypes of cheirogaleus medius and lemur fulvus fulvus. | in this report we compare the karyotype of lemus fulvus fulvus (2n=60) with that of cheirogaleus medius (2n=66), a species thought to retain the ancestral lemur karyotype. a culture technique was designed specifically for lemur lymphocytes to facilitate description of the complete karyotypes using g--banding, c-banding, and ag-as staining for nucleolus organizer regions (nor's). different g-banding patterns in three chromosome pairs and different nor-bearing chromosomes between the two species, ... | 1979 | 113177 |
| gross structure and function of the quadriceps femoris in lemur fulvus: an analysis based on telemetered electromyography. | analysis based on telemetered electromyography from the quadriceps femoris of lemur fulvus, a malagasy prosimian, during walking, galloping, leaping, and a variety of postural behaviors partially confirms and partially contradicts earlier hypothesized functions of this musculoskeletal complex. as predicted on the basis of morphological criteria (large physiological cross-section and long parallel fibers), the vastus lateralis is of special functional significance in leaping. this relatively larg ... | 1980 | 6771412 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. v. chromosomal banding studies of lemur fulvus albifrons, lemur rubriventer and its hybrids with lemur fulvus fulvus. | the karyotype of lemur fulvus albifrons, l. rubriventer and its hybrids with l. fulvus fulvus were compared with that of l. fulvus. fulvus. the two subspecies of l. fulvus have the same karyotype. l. rubriventer differs from l. fulvus by five robertsonian translocations and also by increased heterochromatin in the juxtacentromeric region of the x chromosome. the karyotypes in the present study compared with those of other lemurs allowed us to propose a general scheme representing the chromosomal ... | 1980 | 7419135 |
| microscopic anatomy of the apical part of the tongue of lemur fulvus (primates, lemuriformes). | orally pointing papillary projections at the tip of the tongue of lemur fulvus exhibit an anatomical structure indicating their nature as sense organs perceiving tactile stimulations. the papillae operariae of the apical part of the dorsum linguae as well as of the anterior lateral margins are papillae coronatae. only fungiform papillae exhibit taste buds. the papillae operariae outnumber the fungiform papillae to such an extent that it is justified to consider the rostral part of the tongue as ... | 1981 | 7286596 |
| a model for comparison of masticatory effectiveness in primates. | a model is presented to express how effectively animals increase the exposed surface area of their food by chewing. it includes a coefficient of masticatory effectiveness (e) the value of which increases with effectiveness of exposing new food surface area with each chew. humans and other species of primates differ significantly in their values of e; among the nonhuman primates studied, lemur catta has a higher coefficient than lemur fulvus, and both have higher coefficients than either varecia ... | 1982 | 7097769 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of a hybrid delta-globin pseudogene from the brown lemur. | 1982 | 6214636 | |
| serum concentrations of calcium and vitamin d metabolites in prosimians. | the concentrations of total calcium, 25-hydroxyvitamin d [25-(oh)d] and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 [1,25-(oh)2d3] were measured in serum obtained from prosimians, the brown lemurs. the mean serum calcium level was 10.6 mg/dl in male and female lemurs. the mean serum mean 25-(oh)d concentration in serum from male and female lemurs was 27.1 and 31.0 ng/ml, respectively. the mean serum level of 1,25-(oh)2d3 in the female and male lemurs was 65.2 and 65.9 pg/ml, respectively. a small segment of the le ... | 1982 | 6813504 |
| [trial of experimental infection of lemur fulvus fulvus by the influenza virus a/urss/90/77(h1n1)]. | 1982 | 6312909 | |
| population and troop ranges of lemur catta and lemur fulvus at berenty, madagascar: 1980 census. | the november 1980 census suggests that population size and troop ranges have remained stable since 1972 and in a small area since 1963. this prolongs the apparent stability described by some authors, remarkable in a 200-ha reserve containing a maximum of 300 lemur catta. however, inadvertent introduction of lemur fulvus rufus and apparent loss of tamarind trees, as well as general genetic and biogeographic considerations, imply this stability may not continue. berently underlines the need for lo ... | 1982 | 7141348 |
| prosimian hemoglobins i. the primary structure of the beta-globin chain of lemur catta. | the primary structure of the beta chain from the hemoglobin of a prosimian primate, lemur catta, has been determined by automated edman degradation of intact polypeptide chain and fragments produced by tryptic, cyanogen bromide and acid cleavage, and by homology with the sequence of lemur fulvus. the sequence presented here differs from the human beta-globin sequence at 26 sites. this is the same degree of divergence previously reported for the beta-globin chain of lemur fulvus. the sequences of ... | 1983 | 6841124 |
| chromosomal evolution in malagasy lemurs. vii. phylogenic relationships between propithecus, avahi (indridae), microcebus (cheirogaleidae), and lemur (lemuridae). | a chromosomal banding study was carried out on propithecus verreauxi verreauxi, p. verreauxi deckeni, and avahi laniger laniger. comparison of their karyotypes with those of microcebus murinus and lemur fulvus led to reconstruction of the ancestral lemuriform karyotype and a determination that the branch leading to the indridae was isolated very early, before the separation of the lemuridae from the cheirogaleidae. the karyotype of avahi remained highly ancestral, whereas that of p. verreauxi wa ... | 1983 | 6641285 |
| food choice from endemic north carolina tree species by captive prosimians (lemur fulvus). | seven captive-born lemurs (lemur fulvus) at the duke university primate center were presented with leaves of different maturity from five species of north carolina trees. the animals demonstrated three distinct behaviors toward the novel plant material. they sniffed, tasted, and/or ingested it. new leaves were sniffed, but little tasting and ingestion was observed. intermediate pine needles were sniffed and ingested but little tasted. mature leaves were sniffed equally, but the mature leaves of ... | 1983 | 31986866 |
| a dna fragment from the human x chromosome short arm which detects a partially homologous sequence on the y chromosomes long arm. | an x linked human dna fragment (named dxs31 ) which detects partially homologous sequences on the y chromosome has been isolated. regional localisation of the two sex linked sequences was determined using a panel of rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. the x specific sequence is located at the tip of the short arm ( xp22 .3-pter), i.e. within or close to the region which pairs with the y chromosome short arm at meiosis. however the y specific sequence is located in the heterochromatic region of th ... | 1984 | 6728677 |
| [arboviruses and lemurs in madagascar: experimental infection of lemur fulvus with attenuated strains of yellow fever virus]. | experimental infections of the malagasy lemur fulvus have been carried out with two yellow fever virus attenuated strains (17d and fnv vaccine strains). a viremia is detected, with fnv virus only, between the 1rst and 11th day after inoculation. haemagglutination inhibiting, complement fixing and neutralizing antibodies appear around the 10th day; the study of their dynamics shows their persistence through less than 6 months. these preliminary experiments are the first of a series of infections ... | 1984 | 6488418 |
| arboviruses and lemurs in madagascar: experimental infection of lemur fulvus with yellow fever and west nile viruses. | in previous serological surveys of lemurs in madagascar, antibodies against flaviviruses were frequently detected. to examine the epidemiological role of lemur fulvus, experimental infections with yellow fever (yf) virus and west nile (wn) virus were performed. yf and wn infections were clinically unapparent. a 3 to 4-day-long viremia, with moderate levels was observed with yf virus. wn virus, especially the strain isolated in madagascar, provoked a 4 to 6-day-long viremia sufficient to infect a ... | 1985 | 2862804 |
| habitat separation of semifree-ranging lemur catta and lemur fulvus. | habitat use of two semifree-ranging groups of lemurs, lemur catta and lemur fulvus, was studied in relation to abiotic, floristic, and structural characteristics of their enclosure. l. catta was very flexible in the use of the habitat and showed a tendency for random utilization. but this species reacted quickly to changes of the abiotic environment. l. fulvus preferred to stay in areas with dense vegetation but good lateral visibility and close to the food plants. abiotic factors such as solar ... | 1985 | 4093080 |
| prosimian hemoglobins. iii. the primary structures of the duplicated alpha-globin chains of lemur variegatus. | the amino acid sequences of the alpha chains of hemoglobins purified from lemur variegatus erythrocytes have been determined. the sequences were determined primarily from peptides generated from treatment of the isolated alpha chains with cyanogen bromide or warm formic acid. the ordering of the peptides from both alpha globins was based on the homology between lemur hemoglobins and those of other primates. the genetic difference at position 15 (asn vs. lys) explains the phenotypic characteristi ... | 1986 | 3756186 |
| architectural and histochemical diversity within the quadriceps femoris of the brown lemur (lemur fulvus). | physiologically related features of muscle morphology are considered with regard to functional adaptation for locomotor and postural behavior in the brown lemur (lemur fulvus). reduced physiological cross-sectional area, estimated maximum excursion of the tendon of insertion, length of tendon per muscle fasciculus, and areal fiber type composition were examined in the quadriceps femoris in order to assess the extent of a "division of labor" among four apparent synergists. each of these four musc ... | 1986 | 3706515 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the lemur beta-globin gene family: evidence for major rate fluctuations in globin polypeptide evolution. | lemur beta-related globin genes have been isolated and sequenced. orthology of prosimian and human epsilon-, gamma-, and beta-related globin genes was established by dot-matrix analysis. all of these lemur globin genes potentially encode functional beta-related globin polypeptides, though precisely when the gamma-globin gene is expressed remains unknown. the organization of the 18-kb brown lemur beta-globin gene cluster (5' epsilon-gamma-[psi eta-delta]-beta 3') is consistent with its evolution ... | 1986 | 3444413 |
| telemetered electromyography of the fast and slow extensors of the leg of the brown lemur (lemur fulvus). | quantitative telemetered electromyography from the four heads of the quadriceps femoris (vastus medialis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius and vastus lateralis) during normal postures and locomotion (quadrupedal resting, walk/run, gallop and leaping) is presented for the brown lemur, lemur fulvus. the vastus intermedius is the sole contributor to muscle recruitment during quadrupedal resting postures. it exhibits consistently high levels of electrical activity during all locomotory behaviour. ... | 1987 | 3625121 |
| a safe technique for collecting semen from lemur fulvus mayottensis. | 1987 | 3453807 | |
| measurement of body segment mass, center of gravity, and determination of moments of inertia by double pendulum in lemur fulvus. | the collection of data on physical parameters of body segments is a preliminary critical step in studying the biomechanics of locomotion. little data on nonhuman body segment parameters has been published. the lack of standardization of techniques for data collection and presentation has made the comparative use of these data difficult and at times impossible. this study offers an approach for collecting data on center of gravity and moments of inertia for standardized body segments. the double ... | 1987 | 31973500 |
| a possible role of plantations for primate conservation in madagascar. | the utilization of eucalyptus plantations by seven sympatric species of prosimians was studied in the eastern rainforest of madagascar. the species were avahi laniger, cheirogaleus major, hapalemur griseus, indri indri, lemur fulvus, lepilemur mustelinus, and microcebus rufus. none of the lemurs was ever found in young eucalyptus plantations with little undergrowth. this was mainly due to the lack of travel opportunities within the shrub layer and between the shrubs and the canopy. food (mainly ... | 1987 | 31973503 |
| successful artificial insemination in lemur fulvus mayottensis. | a method is reported for collection of sperm by electrostimulation or prostatic massage in order to carry out artificial in utero insemination in lemur fulvus mayottensis. using fresh sperm, one success out of 7 attempts was obtained, although it was achieved with a vesiculectomized male. | 1987 | 3443420 |
| ecology and conservation of the crowned lemur, lemur coronatus, at ankarana, n. madagascar. with notes on sanford's lemur, other sympatrics and subfossil lemurs. | forests of ankarana limestone massif in northern madagascar support one of the largest and least disturbed populations of crowned lemurs, lemur coronatus. this paper reports a preliminary study of the ecology of this species in the ankarana special reserve conducted at the end of the dry season in 1986, with additional information collected a year later. crowned lemurs occur in very high densities in the semi-deciduous canopy forest and this probably represents a dry season refuge for the specie ... | 1989 | 2807091 |
| a molecular view of primate phylogeny and important systematic and evolutionary questions. | phylogenetic analysis of extensive nucleotide sequence data from primate beta-globin gene clusters elucidates the systematics and evolution of the order primates and reveals that rates of accumulation of mutations vary by as much as a factor of seven among different primate lineages. the picture of primate phylogeny from dna sequences clarifies many ambiguities of the morphological picture. in the molecular picture, dwarf and brown lemurs group together into superfamily lemuroidea, lemuroidea an ... | 1989 | 2488474 |
| [plasmodia of lemurs in madagascar]. | lemur macaco macaco from ambanja region was found polyparasitized by four different species of plasmodium: --plasmodium coulangesi recently described by lepers et al. (1989). --p. bucki n. sp.: its main differential characterisitics are the large numvber (32) of merozoites produced in mature schizonts and the stippling, resembling maurer's dots, in an hypertrophied pinkish erythrocyte. --p. percygarnhami n. sp. (= p. girardi sensu uilenberg, 1970 pro parte and sensu garnham et uilenberg, 1975 pr ... | 1989 | 2764452 |
| niche separation of seven lemur species in the eastern rainforest of madagascar. | this study examines segregation of seven lemur species in an eastern rainforest of madagascar by a numerical analysis of microhabitats using structural and phenological data. these data are combined with the results of a previous study on food selection by these species in relation to plant chemistry. description of some 441 10×10 m(2) microhabitats yields clear separation of the frugivorous from the more folivorous guild of lemurs. within each guild there are subgroups of two species each, whic ... | 1989 | 28312866 |
| [teratospermia and the fertilizing capacity of semen in the lemur]. | as in fertile men, lemur fulvus mayottensis spermatozoa are pleiomorphic. percentage of structural defects of semen varies in breeding and nonbreeding seasons. spermatozoa exhibit acrosomal and flagella abnormalities. these primates could serve as a useful model for teratospermia study, especially because this seasonal variation. | 1990 | 2336282 |
| seasonal variation of sperm morphology in the mayonette brown lemur (eulemur fulvus mayottensis). | 1990 | 2394417 | |
| seasonal variation of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in mayotte's brown lemur (eulemur fulvus mayottensis). | 1990 | 2262176 | |
| [reactions to mirror in three species of lemurs (lemur fulvus, l. macaco, l. catta)]. | reactions when confronted with their own reflection in a mirror were observed in three captive groups of lemurs: l. fulvus, l. macaco and l. catta. the ability of a mirror to induce social facilitation of drinking was also studied in one individual of each species. as previously observed in monkeys, the three groups of lemurs showed much more attention to the mirror than to a non-reflective surface, especially nasal contacts. only l. fulvus showed habituation to the mirror with successive presen ... | 1991 | 1908743 |
| confirmation, via in situ hybridization, of the occurrence of robertsonian translocations during lemur evolution by localization of gludp1 dna sequences on lemur chromosomes. | a human genomic dna sequence derived from glutamate dehydrogenase pseudogene 1 was used as a probe for in situ hybridization to the chromosomes of three lemur species, eulemur fulvus mayottensis (efu), e. macaco macaco (ema), and e. coronatus (eco). this sequence, which is 98% homologous to the nucleotide sequence of the gene for human glutamate dehydrogenase (glud), was found on homologous bands of three morphologically similar chromosome segments, efu14, ema5p, and eco8q, confirming that diffe ... | 1991 | 1855394 |
| responses to a live snake by lemur macaco macaco and lemur fulvus mayottensis in captivity. | 1992 | 1618434 | |
| social processes and innovative behaviour in changing groups of lemur fulvus. | a group of brown lemurs was presented with one or two baited food-boxes requiring a specific type of motor response in order to be opened. subsequently, four groups containing different combinations of experienced individuals from the original group and naive individuals were tested. solutions to the problem and access to the food were recorded and considered in relation to social factors. in the original group, two adult males learned to open the boxes, with one male increasingly preventing the ... | 1992 | 24924496 |
| marking behaviour in two lemur species (l. fulvus and l. macaco): relation to social status, reproduction, aggression and environmental change. | the influence of social status, reproductive and agonistic contexts and environmental change on scent-marking and allomarking rates were studied in captive groups of lemur fulvus and lemur macaco. no evidence of female social dominance over males appeared in either species. in l. fulvus, intrasexual relationships were characterized by the dominance of one adult male over another and by the existence of female affiliative association ('central' vs. 'peripheral' females). in l. macaco, no intrasex ... | 1992 | 1306176 |
| differential patterns in flower feeding by eulemur fulvus rufus and eulemur rubriventer in madagascar. | in this paper, i describe the differential patterns of flower feeding observed in rufous lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) and red-bellied lemurs (e. rubriventer) in the ranomafana national park, madagascar. red-bellied lemurs licked nectar from flowers while rufous lemurs ate all flower parts from the same flower species. several hypotheses are examined to explain the significance of flower feeding in these two species. in many primate species, flower feeding functions as a keystone resource and/or ... | 1992 | 31941214 |
| photopigments underlying color vision in ringtail lemurs (lemur catta) and brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus). | a recent examination of color vision in the ringtail lemur produced evidence that these prosimians could make color discriminations consistent with a diagnosis of trichromatic color vision. however, it was unclear if this behavior reflected the presence of three classes of cone or whether lemurs might be able to utilize signals from rods in conjunction with those from only two classes of cone. to resolve that issue, spectral sensitivity functions were obtained from ringtail lemurs (lemur catta) ... | 1993 | 31937014 |
| comparison of highly repeated dna sequences in some lemuridae and taxonomic implications. | highly repeated dna sequences of eulemur fulvus mayottensis, e. coronatus, lemur catta, and hapalemur griseus griseus have been identified and compared. sequence analysis of highly repeated dna fragments isolated from l. catta and hapalemur showed a high percentage of similarity (nearly 95%), as did fragments isolated from the two very close eulemur species, whereas comparison of the dna fragments isolated from the two eulemur species and the l. catta/hapalemur group showed a very low percentage ... | 1993 | 8467713 |
| the origin of the primate mhc-drb genes and allelic lineages as deduced from the study of prosimians. | mhc class ii genes of the drb family were partially sequenced from 10 individuals representing six species of prosimians: galago senegalensis, g. moholi, otolemur garnetti, loris tardigradus, petterus (lemur) fulvus, and lemur catta. altogether, 41 different genes were discerned, all distinct from genes identified previously. comparative analysis of the sequences has led to the following conclusions. first, the drb loci present in human populations diverged from one another before the divergence ... | 1994 | 8157963 |
| length polymorphism of a microsatellite in human and non human primates. | microsatellites are tandem repeats of short sequences elements (most often ca repeats) interspersed in many genomes and which frequently show multiallele polymorphism. they have proved invaluable for genomic mapping in man and other species and may be used for evolutionary studies provided that the available primers can be used in different species. the dystrophin gene, which shows high sequence conservation between man, rodents and chicken contains such polymorphic ca repeats. using the oligonu ... | 1994 | 7882159 |
| evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 peroxisomal and mitochondrial targeting. a survey of its subcellular distribution in the livers of various representatives of the classes mammalia, aves and amphibia. | as part of a wider study on the molecular evolution of alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase 1 (agt1) intracellular compartmentalization, we have determined the subcellular distribution of immunoreactive agt1, using postembedding protein a-gold immunoelectron microscopy, in the livers of various members of the classes mammalia, aves, and amphibia. as far as organellar distribution is concerned, three categories could be distinguished. in members of the first category (type i), all, or nearly all, ... | 1994 | 7813517 |
| enamel microstructure in lemuridae (mammalia, primates): assessment of variability. | this study describes the molar enamel microstructure of seven lemurid primates: hapalemur griseus, varecia variegata, lemur catta, lemur macaco, lemur fulvus rufus, lemur fulvus fulvus, and lemur fulvus albifrons. contrary to earlier accounts, which reported little or no prism decussation in lemurid enamel, both lemur and varecia molars contain a prominent inner layer of decussating prisms (hunter-schreger bands), in addition to an outer radial prism layer, and a thin, nonprismatic enamel surfac ... | 1994 | 7802097 |
| evidence for nonseasonal reproduction in wild aye-ayes (daubentonia madagascariensis). | the lemurs of madagascar typically exhibit a strictly seasonal pattern of breeding, with a limited number of successive estrous cycles occurring at a particular time of the year, which varies from species to species. previous reports indicated that aye-ayes also exhibit such a strictly seasonal polyestrous pattern. data from the author's 2-year field study of aye-ayes on the island of nosy mangabe, combined with information from recently initiated captive breeding programs, now indicate that thi ... | 1994 | 7721208 |
| a scanning electron-microscopic study of in vitro abrasion of mammalian tooth enamel under compressive loads. | microscopic tooth-wear (microwear) patterns can be an important tool for assessing modes and rates of abrasive tooth wear, but their analysis and interpretation is complicated by the fact that microwear is influenced by many factors. three of these factors were here tested under conditions of compressive loading: (1) species differences in enamel structure, (2) abrasive particle size and (3) magnitude of force. teeth of four species (homo sapiens, lemur fulvus, ovis aries and crocodylus rhombife ... | 1994 | 8179503 |
| prosimian mhc-dqb allelic polymorphisms. | in this report the first description of mhc-dqb homologues in prosimians, the lemurs (lemur fulvus sanfordi) and galagos (galago garnetti and g. senegalensis moholi), is presented. in these species the class ii alleles are similar to their human counterparts, in that the number and position of substitutions are analogous to the substitutions among various human dqb alleles. presence of allelic variants for both dqb1 and dqb2 in all three species of prosimians studied suggests that the divergence ... | 1994 | 8031573 |
| testing positional behavior of malagasy lemurs: a randomization approach. | studies of primate positional behavior have only occasionally employed statistical testing because these data sets violate the assumptions underlying most standard statistical tests. as currently practiced, both common methods of collecting data on positional behavior involve sequential observations of a limited number of individuals, leading to data sets consisting of interdependent observations. data collected from sequential observations may not be as dependent as currently accepted; however, ... | 1994 | 8085611 |
| comparative and functional myology of the prehensile tail in new world monkeys. | the caudal myology of prehensile-tailed monkeys (cebus apella, alouatta palliata, alouatta seniculus, lagothrix lagotricha, and ateles paniscus) and nonprehensile-tailed primates (eulemur fulvus, aotus trivirgatus, callithrix jacchus, pithecia pithecia, saimiri sciureus, macaca fascicularis, and cercopithecus aethiops) was examined and compared in order to identify muscular differences that correlate with osteological features diagnostic of tail prehensility. in addition, electrophysiological st ... | 1995 | 7595958 |
| organization of white adipose tissue in lemuridae. | the gross anatomy of white adipose tissue was studied in seven carcasses representing three lemurid species (lemur catta, eulemur fulvus, e. mongoz) to validate in vivo methods of assessing fatness, and to contribute to a comprehensive database on the organization of adipose tissue in mammalia. during the years preceding their deaths, subjects had been either caged or semi-provisioned under semi-captive conditions, and their body masses had been recorded several times annually. all specimens wer ... | 1995 | 31924060 |
| an analysis of birth sex ratio bias in captive prosimian species. | the extent to which sex ratio bias is a common reproductive characteristic of prosimians has not been well established. the present study analyzed reproduction in 13 breeding groups of captive prosimians for evidence of birth sex ratio bias. a substantial male bias was demonstrated in nongregarious, but not gregarious, breeding groups. analyses of birth sex ratios of individual mothers suggested that the observed bias did not result from the tendency of a few mothers to overproduce males, but ra ... | 1996 | 31918482 |
| ecological correlates to activity and habitat use of two prosimian primates: eulemur rubriventer and eulemur fulvus rufus in madagascar. | in this paper, i provide data on the possible effects of group size and seasonal changes in food availability on the activity and habitat use patterns of two species of prosimian primate: the rufous lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus) and the red-bellied lemur (eulemur rubriventer). general and subtle seasonal differences were observed between lemur species in (1) group size and composition, (2) activity profiles, and (3) habitat use. rufous lemur groups were larger (mean = 8 individuals) and contained ... | 1996 | 31918523 |
| ecological correlates to social structure in two lemur species in madagascar. | in this study, i tested two hypotheses regarding the relationship of ecological variables (size, density, and distribution of patches) and infant developmental patterns to lemur social structure using two prosimian primates in ranomafana, madagascar: the rufous lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus) and the red-bellied lemur (eulemur rubriventer). three predictions regarding the general effects of patch size and subgroup size on lemur feeding rates were supported: (1) rufous lemurs used large patches; red ... | 1996 | 8842323 |
| demonstration of homoeologies between human and lemur chromosomes by chromosome painting. | human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 14, 19, and 21 were used to paint chromosomes of three lemur species: eulemur fulvus mayottensis, e. macaco macaco, and lemur catta. chromosomes 1 and 3 of e. f. mayottensis are homoeologous to human chromosomes 3, 9, 14, and 21, as previously suggested by chromosome banding. probes for human chromosomes 7 and 19 produced unexpectedly strong signals in the centromeric regions of all lemur chromosomes, suggesting that sequences homologous to nonrepea ... | 1996 | 8565634 |
| cholinergic axonal dystrophy and mitochondrial pathology in prosimian primates. | progressive cholinergic axonal dystrophy, cholinergic denervation, and generalized gliosis begin in the prosimian primate species otolemur at 10% of maximum life span. in these same animals, extensive cerebral beta-amyloidosis follows relatively more abruptly at 50% of maximum life span. in contrast, even at maximum life span, the prosimian primate species galago senegalensis moholi, microcebus murinus, and eulemur fulvus collaris and insectivore species t. belangeri are either spared or much le ... | 1996 | 8912903 |
| functional morphology of the lemuriform wrist joints and the relationship between wrist morphology and positional behavior in arboreal primates. | a comparative study of carpal joint structure and function in six malagasy lemuriforms was undertaken to test predicted morphoclines in carpal joint morphology between pronograde and orthograde arboreal primates. patterns of movement at the wrist during locomotion were observed and described for the lemuriform species lemur fulvus and propithecus verreauxi. lemur fulvus, which assumes a pronograde posture during locomotion, extends and pronates the wrist during the support phase of quadrupedal w ... | 1996 | 8967331 |
| milk composition reflects pattern of maternal care in prosimian primates. | hypothesized relationships between milk composition and life history traits were examined by analyzing mid-lactation milks of seven lemurs (eulemur fulvus, e. macaco, e. rubriventer, e. mongoz, varecia variegata, hapalemur griseus, lemur catta), three bushbabies (otolemur crassicaudatus, o. garnettii, galago moholi), and two lorises (nycticebus coucang, loris tardigradus); partial data were also obtained for the lemuroid cheirogaleus medius. there were no significant differences in milk composit ... | 1997 | 9057965 |
| meiotic study of hybrids in the genus eulemur and taxonomic considerations. | a reproductive study was conducted on seven hybrids of eulemur showing chromosomal multivalents involving at least four chromosomes at the pachytene stage. three individuals were infertile hybrids and one presented a reduced spermatogenesis. in three out of these four hybrids, multivalents were associated with the sex bivalent in a large number of spermatocytes (23%). the relative importance of the reduction of fertility in males linked to chromosomal multivalent formation as well as the genetic ... | 1997 | 9209588 |
| special relationships instead of female dominance for redfronted lemurs, eulemur fulvus rufus. | most lemurs yet studied in detail exhibit some mode of adult female social dominance over males. the known exception, a brown lemur subspecies known as rufous or redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus), forms multimale-multifemale social groups within which unambiguous dominance relations are not observed among adults. resting groups of redfronted lemurs consistently include huddling adult male-female pairs whose males selectively scentmark and rub their heads in the scentmarks of their female ... | 1997 | 9359967 |
| chromosome painting: a method for testing chromosomal changes in lemur evolution. | chromosome painting using commercially available human chromosome-specific dna libraries was performed to elucidate chromosomal rearrangements in lemur evolution. human-specific probes for chromosomes 3, 14, 15, and 21 were used to paint chromosomes of six species: eulemur fulvus mayottensis, varecia variegata, lemur catta, hapalemur simus, h. griseus griseus, and h. aureus. all human chromosome libraries hybridized specifically to chromosome segments of varying length or to whole arms of lemur ... | 1997 | 9371411 |
| prion immunoreactivity in brain, tonsil, gastrointestinal epithelial cells, and blood and lymph vessels in lemurian zoo primates with spongiform encephalopathy. | we report on two animals of a non-human primate species eulemur fulvus mayottensis, housed in the local zoo and fed over a number of years with a food containing cattle meat, that developed serious neurological symptoms associated with prion immunoreactivity in brain and various viscera. microscopy of the brains showed neuronal vacuolation with patchy/perivacuolar immunolabelling with an abnormal isoform of prion protein (ir-prp), an important characteristic of spongiform encephalopathy. for the ... | 1997 | 9587475 |
| non-telomeric chromosome localization of (ttaggg)n repeats in the genus eulemur. | the chromosomal distribution of the (ttaggg)n telomeric repetitive sequences was studied in the malagasy species eulemur fulvus fulvus (2n = 60), eulemur rubriventer (2n = 50), eulemur coronatus (2n = 46) and eulemur macaco (2n = 44). these sequences hybridize to the telomeres of all chromosomes of the four species and also to the pericentromeres of all chromosomes of e. fulvus, e. coronatus and e. macaco, with the exception of the pericentromeres of e. coronatus and e. macaco chromosomes 9, the ... | 1997 | 9421267 |
| pair-bonding, female aggression and the evolution of lemur societies. | lemur societies have been described as convergent with those of anthropoids, including papio-like female-bonded multi-male groups. recent research, however, shows at least 5 pair-bonded species among the lemuridae and indriidae. three more, eulemur mongoz, eulemur fulvus and varecia variegata, have societies combining aspects of pairing with aspects of troop life. the best-known female-bonded societies, those of lemur catta, propithecus diadema edwardsi and propithecus verreauxi, may be assembla ... | 1998 | 9595685 |
| evolution of the primate androgen receptor: a structural basis for disease. | androgen effects mediated by the androgen receptor (ar) are essential for male reproductive development and virilization. comparison of ar dna coding sequence from five primate species, homo sapiens (human), pan troglodytes (chimpanzee), papio hamadryas (baboon), macaca fascicularis (macaque), and eulemur fulvus collaris (collared brown lemur), supports their phylogeny with complete conservation of the dna and steroid binding domain protein sequence. a linear increase in trinucleotide repeat exp ... | 1998 | 9732460 |
| the primates of the baly bay area, north-western madagascar. | primate surveys were conducted in isolated primary west malagasy decidous forest blocks around baly bay, north-western madagascar. eight species of primate were found, including microcebus c.f. myoxinus, hapalemur griseus occidentalis and phaner furcifer. two species were found only in namoroka strict nature reserve, which may mean that other forest blocks in the area have experienced primate extinctions. the record of m. c.f. myoxinus came from mangrove, the first confirmed record of a lemur fr ... | 1998 | 9885334 |
| seed handling by three prosimian primates in southeastern madagascar: implications for seed dispersal. | in this paper, we studied three species of prosimian primate (propithecus diadema edwardsi, eulemur fulvus rufus, and eulemur rubriventer) from june-july 1995 at the ranomafana national park to answer three questions: 1) how they handle and process seeds, 2) how the physical properties of seeds influence seed handling and seed fate, and 3) whether handling and processing patterns influence seed dispersal. seeds from five plant species were collected from feces and examined for external damage (p ... | 1998 | 9573443 |
| are eulemur species pair-bonded? social organization and mating strategies in eulemur fulvus rufus from 1988-1995 in southeast madagascar. | strong social relationships have been reported between adult male and female prosimian primates in the genera eulemur and varecia and have been referred to as "pair-bonding." it has been hypothesized that females benefit from these affiliative relationships with an adult male by having protection against infanticidal males, implying that the male member of the dyad also is the father of her offspring. i evaluated this hypothesis and whether or not the term pair-bond was appropriate by using fiel ... | 1998 | 9511911 |
| census of brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus sspp.) in southeastern madagascar: methods-testing and conservation implications. | four forest areas were censused in southeastern madagascar from june-august 1995 to estimate local population densities and habitat conditions for two threatened subspecies of brown lemur (eulemur fulvus collaris and eulemur fulvus albocollaris). survey transects varied in length (1-3.5 km) and in surveillance frequency (three to seven times). additional test surveys were conducted at the parc national de ranomafana to compare transect methods in an area with known population densities of eulemu ... | 1999 | 9888721 |
| life history of eulemur fulvus rufus from 1988-1998 in southeastern madagascar. | in this study, we compare the life-history patterns of male and female eulemur fulvus rufus based on longitudinal data collected on individuals from two study groups from 1988-1998 in southeastern madagascar. mean group size was 9.5 individuals, and groups either contained more adult males than females or equal numbers of both sexes. females reproduced for the first time between 2 and 4 years of age and reproduced each year, although the mean interbirth interval between surviving offspring was 2 ... | 1999 | 10096681 |
| characterization of polymorphic brown lemur (eulemur fulvus) microsatellite loci and their amplification in the family lemuridae. | 1999 | 10368973 | |
| central males instead of multiple pairs in redfronted lemurs, eulemur fulvus rufus (primates, lemuridae)? | in group-living malagasy primates (lemuriformes), certain demographic and morphological traits deviate both from theoretical expectations derived from sexual selection theory and from patterns in better-known anthropoid primates. lemurs lack sexual dimorphism in body and canine size and live in relatively small multimale-multifemale groups with, on average, even adult sex ratios, despite a polygynous mating system. in addition, the majority of gregarious lemurs are cathemeral, that is, they are ... | 1999 | 10564609 |
| preventing dental calculus formation in lemurs (lemur catta, eulemur fulvus collaris) and baboons (papio cynocephalus). | the prevention of calculus accumulation in exotic animals is a relatively unexplored topic. a 6-mo study in ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) and collared lemurs (eulemur fulvus collaris) and two studies in baboons (papio cynocephalus) (7.5 wks and 6.5 mo) tested the benefits of a primate diet coated with 0.6% sodium hexametaphosphate (hmp) in controlling calculus in these species using a sequential crossover design. the control regimen was an identical, but non-hmp-coated, dry primate chow. at s ... | 1999 | 10572860 |
| relationships among brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) based on mitochondrial dna sequences. | the brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus) include seven subspecies, whose evolutionary relationships remain contentious. in particular, it is unclear whether the malagasy and comorian e. f. fulvus populations are differentiated at the subspecific level (e. f. mayottensis). furthermore, it has been suggested that e. f. collaris and e. f. albocollaris are separate species. analyses of approximately 2400 bp of mitochondrial dna sequence data from part of the coiii gene, together with complete genes for nd3 ... | 2000 | 10991794 |
| cineradiographic study of forelimb movements during quadrupedal walking in the brown lemur (eulemur fulvus, primates: lemuridae). | movements of forelimb joints and segments during walking in the brown lemur (eulemur fulvus) were analyzed using cineradiography (150 frames/sec). metric gait parameters, forelimb kinematics, and intralimb coordination are described. calculation of contribution of segment displacements to stance propulsion shows that scapular retroversion in a fulcrum near the vertebral border causes more than 60% of propulsion. the contribution by the shoulder joint is 30%, elbow joint 5%, and wrist joint 1%. c ... | 2000 | 10640950 |
| "rodent-like" and "primate-like" types of astroglial architecture in the adult cerebral cortex of mammals: a comparative study. | previous observations disclosed that astroglia with interlaminar processes were present in the cerebral cortex of adult new and old world monkeys, but not in the rat, and scarcely in the prosimian microcebus murinus. the present report is a more systematic and comprehensive comparative analysis of the occurrence of such processes in the cerebral cortex of several mammalian species. brain samples were obtained from adult individuals from the following orders: carnivora (canine), rodentia (rat and ... | 2000 | 10672363 |
| niche separation in varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons: i. interspecific patterns. | niche separation was documented in a year-long study of varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons on the masoala peninsula, madagascar. feeding trees were measured, and diet, forest height, and forest site were recorded at 5-min time points on focal animals. for time point data, multivariate and bivariate analysis of frequencies was employed to examine how niche dimensions vary between species according to sex, season, and reproductive stage. v. v. rubra feeds in larger trees than e. ... | 2000 | 10861356 |
| dietary and dental variations in the genus lemur, with comments concerning dietary-dental correlations among malagasy primates. | field studies of feeding in the lemur subspecies lemur fulvus rufus and l. f. mayottensis have revealed that feeding patterns within a single species can be markedly different, both regionally and seasonally. thus l. f. rufus is a dietary specialist (3 plant species accounting for 80-90% of feeding time), and is highly folivorous, especially during the dry season (90% of feeding time spent eating leaves during the dry season, and 53% during the wet season). on the other hand, l. f. mayottensis i ... | 2001 | 98050 |
| nocturnal activity in the cathemeral red-fronted lemur (eulemur fulvus rufus), with observations during a lunar eclipse. | several ecological and physiological factors have been suggested to structure circadian activity in cathemeral primates, i.e., those that are regularly active both day and night, but their relative importance remains controversial. we studied the nocturnal activity of a group of cathemeral redfronted lemurs (eulemur fulvus rufus) in kirindy forest in western madagascar to examine its relationship with one environmental factor, ambient light levels, in detail. to this end, nightly travel distance ... | 2001 | 11170168 |
| adaptive and phylogenetic significance of ontogenetic sequences in archaeolemur, subfossil lemur from madagascar. | among the best known of recently extinct malagasy lemurs is archaeolemur, which is represented by many hundreds of specimens. the phylogenetic affinities of this taxon are unclear, especially in light of recent preliminary analysis of ancient dna which does not support its previously accepted close relationship with the living indridae. we examined the nearly complete skeletons of two adults and one juvenile and other less complete specimens to reconstruct aspects of the ontogeny of archaeolemur ... | 2001 | 11782109 |
| lateral bending of the lumbar spine during quadrupedalism in strepsirhines. | much research has been devoted to spinal kinematics of nonmammalian vertebrates, while comparatively little is known about the locomotor role of spinal movements in mammals, especially primates. this study, conducted at the duke university primate center, examines the function of lateral spinal bending during quadrupedal walking among a diverse sample of strepsirhines. the taxa studied include loris tardigradus (1), nycticebus coucang (1), n. pygmaeus (1), cheirogaleus medius (2), varecia varieg ... | 2001 | 11180987 |
| niche separation in varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons: ii. intraspecific patterns. | based on a year-long field study in northeastern madagascar, i summarize annual patterns of niche use (food patch size, diet, forest height, and forest site) in two sympatric lemurs, varecia variegata rubra and eulemur fulvus albifrons. furthermore, i examine intraspecific patterns of niche use according to sex, season, and reproductive stage in these two lemurs that differ in terms of energetic investment in reproduction. lemurs as a group provide a special opportunity to test hypotheses concer ... | 2002 | 12012369 |
| localization of a new highly repeated dna sequence of lemur cafta (lemuridae, strepsirhini). | we have isolated and cloned an 800-bp highly repeated dna (hrdna) sequence from lemur catta (lca) and described its localization on lca chromosomes. lemur catta hrdna sequences were localized by performing fish experiments on standard and elongated metaphasic chromosomes using an lca hrdna probe (lcasat). a complex hybridization pattern was detected. a strong pericentromeric hybridization signal was observed on most lca chromosomes. chromosomes 7 and 13 were lit in pericentromeric regions, as we ... | 2002 | 12416631 |
| aggressive and neutral interventions in conflicts in captive groups of brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus fulvus). | third-party interventions in conflicts have revealed complexity in primate social relationships. this type of intervention has seldom been analyzed in prosimians, although many of these species exhibit complex (multimale/multifemale) social organizations. the present study on captive brown lemurs (eulemur fulvus fulvus) shows that dominant individuals were more likely to intervene in conflicts. both males and females intervened aggressively in conflicts. female aggressive interventions occurred ... | 2002 | 12115281 |
| genetic assessment of a white-collared x red-fronted lemur hybrid zone at andringitra, madagascar. | we examined a purported lemur (eulemur fulvus rufusxe. albocollaris) hybrid zone at andringitra, madagascar, using sequences from five genes (one mitochondrial gene (d-loop) and four nuclear introns (hemopexin, malic enzyme, ceruloplasmin, and microsatellite 26 flanking region)), from 60 individuals (e. albocollaris (n = 16), e.f. rufus (n = 14), e. collaris (n = 9), and purported hybrids from andringitra (n = 21)). diagnostic (d-loop and microsatellite 26) and private sites (all other genes) we ... | 2002 | 12111681 |
| fecal inoculum can be used to determine the rate and extent of in vitro fermentation of dietary fiber sources across three lemur species that differ in dietary profile: varecia variegata, eulemur fulvus and hapalemur griseus. | to estimate fermentative capacity among lemur species, four fiber substrates were tested across three species, eulemur fulvus, hapalemur griseus and varecia variegata. the substrates, cellulose, beet pulp, citrus pulp and citrus pectin, ranged in composition from completely insoluble fiber (if) to completely soluble fiber (sf), respectively. the lemurs consumed a nutritionally complete biscuit formulated for primates [85 g/100 g diet dry matter (dm)] and locally available produce (15 g/100 g die ... | 2002 | 12368398 |
| predation by eulemur fulvus fulvus on a nestling of terpsiphone mutata (aves: monarchidae) in dry forest in north-western madagascar. | 2002 | 12399662 |