Publications

jamu gendong, a kind of traditional medicine in indonesia: the microbial contamination of its raw materials and endproduct.	an examination on the microbiological quality of seven kinds of jamu gendong (jg) and their raw materials has been conducted according to the requirements of microbial contamination in traditional medicine, issued by the department of health of indonesia in 1986. samples of jg and their raw materials were taken from producers in three districts of surabaya. the samples were subject to the following examinations: total plate count (tpc), mpn coliform, the enumeration of molds and yeasts, the pres ...	1998	10030724
effects of areca nut, inflorescence piper betle extracts and arecoline on cytotoxicity, total and unscheduled dna synthesis in cultured gingival keratinocytes.	betel quid (bq) chewing has a strong correlation with oral leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis and oral cancer. for elucidation of its pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of areca nut (an) and inflorescence piper betle (ipb) extracts and arecoline on the growth, total dna synthesis (tds) and unscheduled dna synthesis (uds) of cultured human gingival keratinocytes (gk). arecoline and an extract suppressed the growth of gk over 5 days of incubation in a dose-dependent fashion. at concentrations ...	1999	9950252
betel: consumption and consequences.	betel is a compound of natural substances chewed for its psychostimulating effects. betel is composed of the nut of the areca palm (areca catechu), the leaf of the betel pepper (piper betle), and lime (calcium hydroxide). approximately 200 million persons chew betel regularly throughout the western pacific basin and south asia. only three drugs (nicotine, ethanol, and caffeine) are consumed more widely than betel. when betel is chewed, it produces mild psychoactive and cholinergic effects. there ...	1998	9448210
effect of betel quid on catecholamine secretion from adrenal chromaffin cells.	health damage and environmental pollution are serious problems caused by betel quid chewing in taiwan. many people acquire the habit of chewing betel quid due to its physiological effects, including increased stamina and a general feeling of well-being. in this study, a sympathetic model system of adrenal chromaffin cells and sensory evaluation were used to examine the physiological effects of betel quid and the interaction of all the ingredients (areca fruit, piper betle inflorescence and red t ...	1997	9369022
piperbetol, methylpiperbetol, piperol a and piperol b: a new series of highly specific paf receptor antagonists from piper betle.	piperbetol, methylpiperbetol, piperol a, and piperol b, isolated from piper betle, selectively inhibited the washed rabbit platelet aggregation induced by platelet activating factor (paf) in a concentration-dependent manner. the ic50 values of piperbetol, methylpiperbetol, piperol a, piperol b, and ginkgolide b were about 18.2, 10.6, 114.2, 11.8, and 4.8 mumol/l, respectively. the inhibitory potency of ginkgolide b was about 2.8, 1.2, 22.8, and 1.4 times higher than those of piperbetol, methylpi ...	1997	9270371
role of oxidative dna damage in hydroxychavicol-induced genotoxicity.	chewing betel quid has been linked to the development of oral cancer. in taiwan, fresh piper betle inflorescence is uniquely added to betel quid, and hydroxychavicol is the major phenolic components of p.betle inflorescence. in this study, we tested the mutagenic potential of hydroxychavicol in salmonella typhimurium ta97, ta98, ta100 and ta102 with and without aroclor-1254 induced s9 fraction. the results showed that hydroxychavicol was positive in s.typhimurium ta102 without metabolic activati ...	1996	8921515
the mutagenicities of alkaloids and n-nitrosoguvacoline from betel quid.	in taiwan, betel quid is a natural masticatory, which is composed of fresh green areca fruit, piper betle and slaked lime paste. areca fruit contains some alkaloids, of which arecoline is the major one. n-nitrosoguvacoline (ng), one of the n-nitrosation products of arecoline, is the only one n-nitrosamine found in taiwanese betel quid chewing saliva. the mutagenic studies in ames salmonella microsome test showed that crude alkaloid extracts of areca fruit and arecoline were active in salmonella ...	1996	8692215
effect of orally administered betel leaf (piper betle linn.) on digestive enzymes of pancreas and intestinal mucosa and on bile production in rats.	the influence of two varieties of betel leaf (piper betle linn.) namely, the pungent mysore and non-pungent ambadi, was examined on digestive enzymes of pancreas and intestinal mucosa and on bile secretion in experimental rats. the betel leaves were administered orally at two doses which were either comparable to human consumption level or 5 times this. the results indicated that while these betel leaves do not influence bile secretion and composition, they have a significant stimulatory influen ...	1995	8575807
triterpenes and b-sitosterol from piper betle: isolation, antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects.		1993	8132030
genotoxic and non-genotoxic effects of betel quid ingredients on oral mucosal fibroblasts in vitro.	to understand the role of betel quid (bq) in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (osf) and oral cancer, we used dna damage, cytotoxicity, and cell proliferation assays to study the pathobiological effects of aqueous extracts of three bq constituents [betel nut (areca catechu, bn), inflorescence of piper betle (ipb), and lime], one bn alkaloid (arecoline), and one bn polyphenol [(+)-catechin] on cultured oral mucosal fibroblasts. extracts of bn and ipb induced dna strand break formation i ...	1994	8006230
c-fiber-evoked autonomic cardiovascular effects after injection of piper betle inflorescence extracts.	piper betle inflorescence extracts contain eugenol (6.2%) and safrole (78.9%). intravenous injections of water extracts of p. betle inflorescence (pbe), eugenol, and safrole in rats induced hypotensive and bradycardiac effects, whereas both intraarterial and intrathecal injections of pbe, eugenol and safrole resulted in hypotensive and tachycardiac effects. moreover, the effects of intravenous injections of pbe were reversed or inhibited by the pretreatment with bilateral vagotomy, atropine (1 m ...	1995	7542715
chromosome-damaging activity of saliva of betel nut and tobacco chewers.	saliva of volunteers chewing betel quid, cured betel nut (areca catechu), betel leaves (piper betle), a mixture of quid ingredients (dried betel nut flakes, catechu, cardamon, lime, copra and menthol) and indian tobacco was collected and examined for its genotoxic activity. chromosome aberrations (chromatid breaks and chromatid exchanges) in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells were used to estimate the genotoxic effect. no detectable levels of clastogenic activity were observed in the saliva of no ...	1982	7116324
inhibitors of certain enzymes (of botryodiplodia theobromae) in piper betle leaf extracts.		1984	6746311
the mutagenicity of nitrite-treated aqueous extract of piper betle l.	betel quid is chewed as a masticatory material by people in certain areas of asia. the quid chewing has been related to oral cancer by epidemiological study. the mutagenic components in the aqueous extracts of betel quid ingredients were studied. only nitrite-treated aqueous extract of piper betle l fruits, leaves or rhizoma were demonstrated to exhibit a mutagenic response, using salmonella typhimurium strains ta100 and ta1535 in the ames test. when the aqueous extract of the fruit was nitrosat ...	1984	6531415
effect of piper betle l. and its extracts on the growth and aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus.	ground powder of the leaf and fruit of piper betle l., a tropical spice plant grown in southeast asia, was prepared and extracted by chloroform, ethanol and water with one solvent only or with 3 solvents in sequence. the betel powder and various extracts were added to yes broth to determine their effects on the growth and aflatoxin production by aspergillus parasiticus. results showed that betel leaf powder exhibited higher antimycotic activity than fruit. one half percent of ground leaf powder ...	1984	6531413
studies on leaves of piper betle.		1971	5170641
[quid of betel].	after clarifying some necessary terminology to understand what quid of betel is, the authors, in the first part of this article, expose its location around the world. then, they report on the three main basic components: piper betle l. leaf, areca catechu nut, and slaked lime. they add too some other ingredients which modify the taste of the quid to a certain extent. in the third part, the authors expose the role given to betel in the traditional medicine according to bibliographical sources ava ...	1985	4068974
inhibitory action of piper betle on the initiation of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats.	when an aqueous extract of the leaves of piper betle, a medicinal plant, was given orally at different dose levels during the initiation phase of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (dmba)-induced mammary carcinogenesis in rats, higher doses of the extract inhibited the emergence of tumors. however, when the extract was fed to the rats bearing dmba-induced mammary tumors for 8 weeks, no appreciable degree of inhibition of tumor growth was noticed. betel leaf extract at the dose levels used in the pre ...	1985	3919938
oral lesions, genotoxicity and nitrosamines in betel quid chewers with no obvious increase in oral cancer risk.	a link between the generation of areca nut-related n-nitrosamines in the saliva, the induction of genotoxic damage in the oral mucosa, as judged by an increase in micronucleated exfoliated cells (mec), and a low incidence of oral cancer was studied in 2 population groups characterized by their habit of chewing quids without tobacco: guamanians, who chew areca nuts (areca catechu) with or without the addition of betel leaf (piper betle); taiwanese, who use areca nut, betel leaf or inference and s ...	1986	3697952
antifertility effect of piper betle linn. extract on ovary and testis of albino rats.	chronic administration (sc) of the extract of the stalk of p. betle at 30 mg/kg body weight daily for 21 days produced significant decrease in oestrogen and androgen dependent target organ weights along with increase in cholesterol in adrenal, ovary and testis. acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in serum, liver and kidney did not exhibit any toxic effect. there was marked change in morphology of testis and ovary. vaginal smear showed prolonged dioestrus in treated female. the treated male ...	1989	2635145
slaked lime and betel nut cancer in papua new guinea.	oral squamous cell cancer is the most common malignant tumour in papua new guinea. we have found that oral cancer in this region is concentrated at the corner of the mouth and cheek, by striking contrast with western populations, and corresponds precisely with the site of application of lime in 77% of 169 cases. powdered slaked lime applied to the chewed areca nut with piper betle inflorescence at the corner of the mouth causes the mean ph to rise to 10, at which reactive oxygen species are gene ...	1992	1355157
organic amendments and control of foot rot of piper betle caused by phytophthora parasitica var. piperina.	experiments have been performed to control foot rot of piper betle by organic amendments and antagonists in soil. soil amended with corn straw gave best control. corn straw supplemented with nitrogen (nh4no3) gave still better control. the effect of different antagonists growing on corn-straw and til (sesamum indicum) oil cake amendments showed that trichoderma viride gave best control. aspergillus terreus failed to control the disease although it showed great antifungal activity under controlle ...	1976	952442