Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| baculovirus replication alters hormone-regulated host development. | the baculovirus lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus interferes with insect larval development by altering the host's hormonal system. the level of haemolymph ecdysteroids, the insect moulting hormone, was found to be higher in virus-infected larvae than in uninfected controls. this was consistently observed in both fourth instars and day 5-infected fifth instars. the rate of hormone synthesis was examined by in vitro incubation of the prothoracic gland. gland activity in virus-infected l ... | 1996 | 8601794 |
| inconsistencies in determining bacillus thuringiensis toxin binding sites relationship by comparing competition assays with ligand blotting. | receptor binding properties of cry1aa, cry1ab, and cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis toxins to lymantria dispar brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) were investigated by competition assays and bbmv ligand blotting. homologous competition binding assays demonstrated that all cry ia toxins bound to l. dispar bbmv with high binding affinities. heterologous competition assays suggested that all three toxins share the same binding sites. however, our ligand blotting experiments were not consistent with ... | 1996 | 8607806 |
| the dna polymerase and helicase genes of a baculovirus of orgyia pseudosugata. | regions of the genome of the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) containing the dna polymerase and helicase genes were sequenced. the dna polymerase and helicase genes encode predicted proteins of 985 (112.6 kda) and 1223 (140.5 kda) amino acids and exhibited 63 % and 59 % amino acid identity, respectively, with their homologues in the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv). the influence of sequence variation between the opmnpv and acmnpv dna polymerase and ... | 1996 | 8609478 |
| identification of baculovirus gene that promotes autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus replication in a nonpermissive insect cell line. | a gene that promotes autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) replication in iplb-ld652y cells, a cell line that is nonpermissive for acmnpv, was identified in lymantria dispar m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv). cotransfection of acmnpv dna and a plasmid carrying the ldmnpv gene into iplb-ld652y cells results in acmnpv replication. the gene maps between 43.3 and 43.8 map units on the 162-kbp genome of ldmnpv. it comprises a 218-codon open reading frame and encodes a polyp ... | 1996 | 8642646 |
| aminopeptidase n purified from gypsy moth brush border membrane vesicles is a specific receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cryiac toxin. | we have evaluated the binding of bacillus thuringiensis cry toxins to aminopeptidase n (apn) purified from lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv). cryiac toxin bound strongly to apn, while either the structurally related cryiaa and cryiab toxins or cryic, cryiia, and cryiiia toxins showed weak binding to apn. an in vitro competition binding study demonstrated that the binding of cryiac to l. dispar bbmv was inhibited by apn. inhibition of short circuit current for cry ... | 1996 | 8702277 |
| in vitro differentiation of isolated stem cells from the midgut of manduca sexta larvae | isolated spherical stem cells from midguts of pharate fourth-instar larvae of manduca sexta proliferated in vitro in the presence of 1 ng ml-1 20-hydroxyecdysone and co-cultured fat body tissue or cell-free fat body extract from m. sexta, lymantria dispar or heliothis virescens. in this environment, the stem cells were able to undergo mitosis and increase in number. however, stem cells were only able to differentiate to mature goblet and columnar cells when cell-free conditioned medium, taken fr ... | 1996 | 9317884 |
| characterization of the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus 25k fp gene. | the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) gene encoding the 25k fp protein has been cloned and sequenced. the 25k fp gene codes for a 217 amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 24870 da. expression of the 25k fp protein in a rabbit reticulocyte system generated a 27 kda protein, in close agreement with the molecular mass predicted from the nucleotide sequence. the gene is located between 40.3 and 40.8 map units on the viral genome. it is transcribed in a counterclockwise ... | 1996 | 8760443 |
| are odorant-binding proteins involved in odorant discrimination? | pheromone-sensitive sensilla trichodea of nine moth species belonging to six families and three superfamilies of lepidoptera were immunolabelled with an antiserum against the pheromone-binding protein of antheraea polyphemus. strong immunolabelling of the sensillum lymph was observed in all long sensilla trichodea of a. polyphemus, a. pernyi (saturniidae), bombyx mori (bombycidae) and manduca sexta (sphingidae). very weak labelling was found with all sensilla trichodea of dendrolimus kikuchii (l ... | 1996 | 8985600 |
| transformation of gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) cell lines by infection with glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus. | glyptapanteles indiensis, a species of braconid parasitic wasp, infects its host lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) with a polydnavirus (gipdv) to suppress the host immune system during parasitization. here it is shown that gipdv can infect l. dispar cell lines and that a portion of the gipdv genome is stably maintained in infected cells. results of southern hybridization analyses suggested that this portion of the gipdv genome is integrated into the l. dispar cellular genome. this is the first repor ... | 1996 | 8780687 |
| protein engineering of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin: mutations at domain ii of cryiab enhance receptor affinity and toxicity toward gypsy moth larvae. | substitutions or deletions of domain ii loop residues of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cryiab were constructed using site-directed mutagenesis techniques to investigate their functional roles in receptor binding and toxicity toward gypsy moth (lymantria dispar). substitution of loop 2 residue n372 with ala or gly (n372a, n372g) increased the toxicity against gypsy moth larvae 8-fold and enhanced binding affinity to gypsy moth midgut brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) approximately 4- ... | 1996 | 8962052 |
| sex-specific and hormone-controlled expression of a vitellogenin-encoding gene in the gypsy moth. | microvitellogenin and vitellogenin cdna from manduca sexta (tobacco hornworm) were tested for use as molecular probes to investigate the expression of genes coding for vitellogenins in spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) and lymantria dispar (gypsy moth). cross-hybridization was not observed between the m. sexta cdnas and s. frugiperda dna and mrna. vitellogenin cdna from m. sexta did not hybridize to l. dispar dna or mrna. however, the 834 bp microvitellogenin cdna from m. sexta hybridized to ... | 1996 | 8742824 |
| involvement of two amino acid residues in the loop region of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ab toxin in toxicity and binding to lymantria dispar. | two amino acids, gly and ser, at positions 282 and 283 in the loop region of domain ii of cry1ab2 toxin are substituted with ala and leu in the cry1ab9-033 toxin. cry1ab2 exhibited about a 10-fold increase in toxicity and a 9-fold increase in binding affinity to lymantria dispar compared to cry1ab9-033. however, these toxins showed similar toxicity and binding affinity to manduca sexta and spodoptera exigua. heterologous competition assays and brush border membrane vesicle (bbmv) ligand blotting ... | 1996 | 8954096 |
| complete sequence and transposon mutagenesis of the bamhi j fragment of cydia pomonella granulosis virus. | the bamhi j fragment of cydia pomonella granulosis virus was subcloned and subjected to transposon mutagenesis in escherichia coli using a tn3 derivative. after screening by restriction endonuclease digestion and polymerase chain reaction (pcr), 44 clones were selected representing insertions every 100 to 300 bp. the complete sequence was compiled and the transposon insertion sites mapped precisely by sequencing. analysis of the sequence revealed the presence of 7 potential open reading frames ( ... | 1997 | 9237352 |
| baculovirus-mediated trans-epithelial transport of proteins in infected caterpillars. | baculovirus-mediated abnormal protein trafficking was studied in infected caterpillars by using heterologous proteins. the gene for human complement c1r was expressed in larvae of mamestra brassicae by a recombinant autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv) vector. by following the time-course of recombinant c1r distribution among various tissues, cell types and cell organelles, we concluded that the dominant site of recombinant protein synthesis was the fat body, although some ... | 1997 | 9129671 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis toxins on the membrane potential of lepidopteran insect midgut cells. | to test whether the ability of bacillus thuringiensis toxins to form pores in the midgut epithelial cell membrane of susceptible insects correlates with their in vivo toxicity, we measured the effects of different toxins on the electrical potential of the apical membrane of freshly isolated midguts from gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) and silkworm (bombyx mori) larvae. in the absence of toxin, the membrane potential, measured with a conventional glass microelectrode, was stable for up to 30 min. i ... | 1997 | 9143102 |
| differential requirements of two insect cell lines for growth in serum-free medium. | the development of a serum-free medium that supports the growth of cells from a spodoptera frugiperda and a lymantria dispar cell line is reported. a yeast hydrolysate provided the b-vitamin complex, and a combination of a meat hydrolysate and tryptose provided most of the free amino acids required for cell growth. supplemental cystine and methionine were required to achieve maximum cell growth. the serum or serum replacements used in earlier formulations were replaced with commercial lipid prep ... | 1997 | 9201517 |
| characterization of p91, a protein associated with virions of an orgyia pseudotsugata baculovirus. | polyclonal antiserum produced against preoccluded virions from the orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (opmnpv) was used to screen an opmnpv lambda gt11 expression library. the insert from one of the immunoreactive phage isolates hybridized to opmnpv orf86 (p91), a 2460-bp (819 amino acids) open reading frame that encodes a predicted protein of 91 kda. antibodies generated against a maltose binding protein-p91 fusion detected a band of approximately 91 kda on wester ... | 1997 | 9201231 |
| splicing is required for transactivation by the immediate early gene 1 of the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a region of the lymantria disper multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) genome containing the homolog of the baculovirus ie-1 gene was identified using a series of overlapping cosmids and individual plasmids in a transient transcriptional expression assay. sequence analysis of the active region identified two orfs, one of which is 32% identical to acmnpv orf141 (ie-0) and contains a putative splice donor site and the other of which is 29% identical to acmnpv ie-1 and contains a hi ... | 1997 | 9300047 |
| responses of insect cells to baculovirus infection: protein synthesis shutdown and apoptosis. | protein synthesis is globally shut down at late times postinfection in the baculovirus autographa californica m nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acmnpv)-infected gypsy moth cell line ld652y. a single gene, hrf-1, from another baculovirus, lymantria dispar m nucleopolyhedrovirus, is able to preclude protein synthesis shutdown and ensure production of acmnpv progeny in ld652y cells (s. m. thiem, x. du, m. e. quentin, and m. m. berner, j. virol. 70:2221-2229, 1996; x. du and s. m. thiem, virology 227:42 ... | 1997 | 9311875 |
| aminopeptidase dependent pore formation of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin on trichoplusia ni membranes. | the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac delta-endotoxin specifically binds to a 120 kda aminopeptidase n (apn) in the midgut of susceptible insects such as manduca sexta, heliothis virescens, lymantria dispar and plutella xylostella. the 120 kda apn has a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi) anchor susceptible to the action of gpi-specific phospholipase c (piplc). here we show that cry1ac pore-forming activity depends on the amount of apn present on brush border membrane vesicles (bbmv) fro ... | 1997 | 9315707 |
| molecular analysis of an enhancin gene in the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | a lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) gene has been identified that encodes a homolog to the granulovirus (gv) enhancin proteins that are capable of enhancing the infection of other baculoviruses. enhancin genes have been identified and sequenced for three species of gvs but have not been found in any other nuclear polyhedrosis virus to date. the ldmnpv enhancin gene is located between 67.6 and 70.1 kbp on the viral genome. northern and primer extension analyses of viral rnas in ... | 1997 | 9343163 |
| characterization of the replication cycle of the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | the life cycle of the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) was characterized through analysis of budded virus (bv) release, the temporal formation of polyhedra, the temporal transcription pattern of representative early, late, and hyper-expressed late genes, and the onset of dna replication in the ld652y cell line. transcripts from the ldmnpv immediate early gene g22 were detected 4 h post infection (h p.i.). the late and hyper-expressed late p39 capsid and polyhedrin genes were ... | 1997 | 9381798 |
| immunocytochemical localization of testis ecdysiotropin in the pupa of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.) (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). | antiserum against testis ecdysiotropin isolated from the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, reacted with neurons in the protocerebrum, optic and antennal lobes, subesophageal, thoracic and abdominal ganglia, as well as in nerve tracts extending through the optic lobes, tritocerebrum, and interganglionic connectives of the pupal stage of these insects. testis ecdysiotropin is a peptide required by immature moths to initiate production of testes ecdysteroid, which is necessary for the development of th ... | 1997 | 9481621 |
| persistence of resting spores of entomophaga maimaiga, a fungal pathogen of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar | 1997 | 9056470 | |
| cry9ca1 toxin, a bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal crystal protein with high activity against the spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana). | the cry9ca1 toxin from bacillus thuringiensis was significantly more toxic to spruce budworm (choristoneura fumiferana) than the cry1ab6, cry1ba1, cry1ca2, cry1da1, cry1ea1, and cry1fa2 toxins. it displayed high activity against silkworm (bombyx mori) but was not toxic to black army cutworm (actebia fennica) or gypsy moth (lymantria dispar). the cry9ca1 is the most effective spruce budworm toxin known to date and may offer promise for control and resistance management of that species. | 1997 | 16535721 |
| [comparative characteristics of nuclear polyhedrosis virus isolates from gypsy moth lymantria dispar l]. | eight strains of gypsy moth nuclear polyhedrosis virus (npv) were isolated from dead larvae in kirghizia and tyumen and novosibirsk districts. the strains were characterized in terms of polyhedron morphology, biological activity, virus production, and restriction analysis of dna. the isolated strains did not differ in size or shape of polyhedrons. npv strain nshn-2 was characterized by the highest biological activity (ld50 = 1.2 +/- 0.4) x 10(4) and maximum production: 7.3 x 10(8) pib/larva in c ... | 1997 | 9103045 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of hasnpv protein kinase. | the protein kinase gene of helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (hasnpv) has been cloned and sequenced. it is located approximately 1.25 kb downstream of the polyhedrin gene. the predicted molecular mass of this 267 amino acid protein (havpk) is 31 kd. havpk shows a 43.0% amino acid homology to vpk from lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) and a 39.0% homology to pk-1 from autographa californica multinucleocapsid nuclear polyhedros ... | 1997 | 12219213 |
| effect of the host plant on the antioxidative defence in the midgut of lymantria dispar l. caterpillars of different population origins. | the responses of gypsy moth larvae originating from two populations (oak forest, locust forest) to favorable (oak) and unfavorable (locust) host plants were monitored at the level of midgut antioxidative defence: the activities of superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), glutathione-s-transferase (gst), glutathione reductase (gr), glutathione peroxidase like ('gsh-px like') and glutathione content (gsh). short-term change of the diet (3 days) to locust leaves of the 5th instar larvae (oak pop ... | 1997 | 12769934 |
| host specificity of microsporidia (protista: microspora) from european populations of lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) to indigenous north american lepidoptera | results of traditional laboratory bioassays may not accurately represent ecological (field) host specificity of entomopathogens but, if carefully interpreted, may be used to predict the ecological host specificity of pathogens being considered for release as classical biological control agents. we conducted laboratory studies designed to evaluate the physiological host specificity of microsporidia, which are common protozoan pathogens of insects. in these studies, 49 nontarget lepidopteran speci ... | 1997 | 9056464 |
| a nonpermissive entomophthoralean fungal infection increases activation of insect prophenoloxidase | entomophaga maimaiga and entomophaga aulicae are entomopathogenic fungi that show species-specific infection in lepidoptera. these fungi grow as protoplasts in the hemolymph of permissive insect hosts. e. maimaiga infects gypsy moth larvae, lymantria dispar, and e. aulicae infects hemlock looper, lambdina fiscellaria. cross-infections do not occur and are referred to as a nonpermissive response. we circumvented cuticular barriers and injected e. aulicae protoplasts into l. dispar and investigate ... | 1998 | 9784345 |
| the pheromone biosynthesis activating neuropeptide (pban) of the black cutworm moth, agrotis ipsilon: immunohistochemistry, molecular characterization and bioassay of its peptide sequence. | pban-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the suboesophageal ganglion and the brain (br-sog) of larvae and adult males and females of agrotis ipsilon, using an antiserum against helicoverpa zea pban (hez-pban). the amino acid sequence of a. ipsilon pban (agi-pban) was deduced from the cdna sequence, using both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and 5' rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the primers were degenerate sets of oligonucleotides derived from known amino ... | 1998 | 9753769 |
| lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus hrf-1 expands the larval host range of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus. | the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) is nonpermissive for autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv) infection. we previously isolated a gene, host range factor 1 (hrf-1), from l. dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus that promotes acnpv replication in ld652y cells, a nonpermissive l. dispar cell line (s. m. thiem, x. du, m. e. quentin, and m. m. berner, j. virol. 70:2221-2229, 1996). in the present study, we investigated the ability of hrf-1 to alter the larval host range of acnpv. bioassays using ... | 1998 | 9499118 |
| assembly of amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus spheroidin into spheroids following synthesis in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. | the gene encoding the major occlusion body protein, spheroidin, of amsacta moorei entomopoxvirus (amepv) was introduced into a baculovirus vector under control of the polyhedrin gene promoter. a recombinant virus produced large, ovoid occlusion body-like structures in both spodoptera frugiperda and trichoplusia ni cells. these structures resembled the spheroids found in amepv-infected lymantria dispar cells, except they were devoid of virus particles and were not surrounded by a membrane- or env ... | 1998 | 9519843 |
| environmental persistence of bacillus thuringiensis spores following aerial application. | soil and leaf populations of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) were monitored following aerial application of commercial bt formulations at the rate of 72 billion international units per acre per year during a 5-year period. data from soil sample spore counts suggested that bt spores persisted in wasatch forest soils for up to 2 years but they did not proliferate. bt isolates were recovered from leaf samples 12 months post application from sprayed, previously sprayed and from nonsprayed areas. the fre ... | 1998 | 9538032 |
| n-linked glycosylation of a baculovirus-expressed recombinant glycoprotein in insect larvae and tissue culture cells. | the potential of insect cell cultures and larvae infected with recombinant baculoviruses to produce authentic recombinant glycoproteins cloned from mammalian sources was investigated. a comparison was made of the n-linked glycans attached to secreted alkaline phosphatase (seap) produced in four species of insect larvae and their derived cell lines plus one additional insect cell line and larvae of one additional species. these data survey n-linked oligosaccharides produced in four families and s ... | 1998 | 9621115 |
| interactions between a nosema sp. (microspora: nosematidae) and nuclear polyhedrosis virus infecting the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: lymantriidae). | simultaneous and sequential per os inoculations of gypsy moth larvae with the lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldnpv) and a nosema sp. from portugal demonstrated that the interaction of two pathogens during coinfection was variable, ranging from synergistic to antagonistic. susceptibility of gypsy moth larvae to viral infection was unaffected by simultaneous and subsequent microsporidian infection. this resulted from the comparatively slow pathogenesis of the microsporidium when comp ... | 1998 | 9709015 |
| characterization of a baculovirus-encoded atp-dependent dna ligase. | sequence analysis of the lymantria dispar multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) genome identified an open reading frame (orf) encoding a 548-amino-acid (62-kda) protein that showed 35% amino acid sequence identity with vaccinia virus atp-dependent dna ligase. ligase homologs have not been reported from other baculoviruses. the ligase orf was cloned and expressed as an n-terminal histidine-tagged fusion protein. incubation of the purified protein with [alpha-32p]atp resulted in formation of a ... | 1998 | 9765460 |
| angiotensin ii and angiotensin-converting enzyme as candidate compounds modulating the effects of testis ecdysiotropin in testes of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar1. | lymantria dispar testes synthesize immunodetectable ecdysteroid in vitro in response to the brain peptide, testis ecdysiotropin (te), acting primarily via a cascade involving gi protein, diacyl glycerol, and phosphokinase c. however, a component of te activation also involves the opposite cascade, gs protein, camp, and phosphokinase a. excess camp inhibits the action of te, acting as a feedback modulator. here, we show that bovine angiotensin ii (aii) and bovine angiotensin converting enzyme (ac ... | 1998 | 9784306 |
| new cell lines from heliothis virescens: characterization and susceptibility to baculoviruses | new cell lines from embryos of heliothis virescens were recently developed. six primary cultures were initiated in june 1995. from these initial cultures, two produced sufficient cell growth to allow subcultivation and eventually led to the establishment of seven cell strains, three of which are maintained at low temperatures (17 degreesc). the strains were compared with a previously established cell line from h. virescens by isozyme analysis and shown to be from the same species. all the strain ... | 1998 | 9784351 |
| timing of an early sporulation sequence of microsporidia in the genus vairimorpha (microsporidia: burenellidae) | an early sporulation event in the host midgut tissues has been reported for several species of microsporidia infecting diptera, hymenoptera, and lepidoptera. the role of these primary spores, formed between 35 and 96 h postinfection per os, has been suggested to be the cell to cell spread of infection within the host, but the sequence of events during the early sporulation stages has been reported for only a few species of microsporidia. we investigated these early life cycle events for two spec ... | 1998 | 9784358 |
| characterization of the acidic domain of the ie1 regulatory protein from orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus. | this study presents a detailed analysis of the acidic n-terminal region of the orgyia pseudotsugata multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (opmnpv) transactivator ie1. the n-terminal region of ie1 is rich in acidic amino acids and has been hypothesized to be an acidic activation domain. removal of the n-terminal 126 amino acids containing the acidic domain of ie1 resulted in complete loss of transactivation activity, indicating that this region is essential for transactivation. the opmnpv acidic domai ... | 1998 | 9875318 |
| identification of a novel lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus mutant that exhibits abnormal polyhedron formation and virion occlusion. | in previous studies on the formation of lymantria dispar nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv) few polyhedra (fp) mutants, several polyhedron formation mutants (pfm) were identified that appeared to be unique. these viral mutants are being characterized to investigate the processes of polyhedron formation and virion occlusion. ldmnpv isolate pfm-1 is one of these mutants, and is described in this report. genetic techniques were used to determine if isolate pfm-1 contained a mutation in the polyhed ... | 1998 | 9647698 |
| a field release of genetically engineered gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldnpv). | the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar l.) nuclear polyhedrosis virus was genetically engineered for nonpersistence by removal of the gene coding for polyhedrin production and stabilized using a coocclusion process. a beta-galactosidase marker gene was inserted into the genetically engineered virus (ldgev) so that infected larvae could be tested for its presence using a colorimetric assay. in 1993, ldgev-infected gypsy moths were released in a forested plot in massachusetts to test for spread and pers ... | 1999 | 10222179 |
| cloning and complete sequence characterization of two gypsy moth aminopeptidase-n cdnas, including the receptor for bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin. | the complete cdnas corresponding to two distinct gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) larval gut aminopeptidases, apn1 and lambda apn2, were cloned and sequenced. the 3.4 kilobasepair cdna of apn1 which encodes a 1017 amino acid prepro-protein corresponds to the previously-identified gypsy moth apn (apn-1) that specifically binds the cry1ac delta-endotoxin of bacillus thuringiensis. analysis of the primary structure of apn1 revealed a cluster of five potential n-linked glycosylation sites near the n-te ... | 1999 | 10406091 |
| lipofectin increases the specific activity of cypovirus particles for cultured insect cells. | cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses (cpv) are classified as 14 distinct species (electropherotypes) within the genus cypovirus, family reoviridae. cypovirus research has been limited by a lack of appropriate cell culture systems (for each of these virus species) in which the majority of cells can become productively infected. lipofection increased the infection rate of lymantria dispar 652 cells, by virus particles (derived from polyhedra) of orgyia pseudosugata type 5 cypovirus (op-5 cpv), from 3 ... | 1999 | 10204708 |
| sequence and analysis of the genome of a baculovirus pathogenic for lymantria dispar. | the genome of the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) was sequenced and analyzed. it is composed of 161,046 bases with a g + c content of 57.5% and contains 163 putative open reading frames (orfs) of >/=150 nucleotides. homologs were found to 95 of the 155 genes predicted for the autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) genome. more than 9% of the ldmnpv genome was occupied by 16 repeated genes related to acmnpv orf2. readily identifiable homologs of several genes that h ... | 1999 | 9887315 |
| differences in the expression and localization of human melanotransferrin in lepidopteran and dipteran insect cell lines. | the ability of several lepidopteran and dipteran insect cell lines to express human melanotransferrin (p97), a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored, iron-binding sialoglycoprotein, was assessed. spodoptera frugiperda-derived (sf9) cell lines, transformed with the p97 gene under control of a baculovirus immediate-early promoter, were able to constitutively express the protein and correctly attach it to the outer cell membrane via a gpi anchor as demonstrated by pi-plc treatment. in contra ... | 1999 | 10092489 |
| in vitro host range of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus recombinants lacking functional p35, iap1 or iap2. | we have examined the host range in different insect cell lines of autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) recombinants lacking p35, iap1 or iap2. these genes encode, or are predicted to encode, anti-apoptotic proteins. abrogation of p35 reduced the ability of acmnpv to replicate in permissive cell lines derived from spodoptera frugiperda insects by inducing apoptosis. in semi-permissive cell lines, such as lymantria dispar and spodoptera littoralis cells, we observed cytopathic effe ... | 1999 | 10211976 |
| production of chymotrypsin-resistant bacillus thuringiensis cry2aa1 delta-endotoxin by protein engineering. | cleavage of the cry2aa1 protoxin (molecular mass, 63 kda) from bacillus thuringiensis by midgut juice of gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) larvae resulted in two major protein fragments: a 58-kda fragment which was highly toxic to the insect and a 49-kda fragment which was not toxic. in the midgut juice, the protoxin was processed into a 58-kda toxin within 1 min, but after digestion for 1 h, the 58-kda fragment was further cleaved within domain i, resulting in the protease-resistant 49-kda fragment ... | 1999 | 10508095 |
| molecular characterization of genes in the gp41 region of baculoviruses and phylogenetic analysis based upon gp41 and polyhedrin genes. | a newly sequenced anticarsia gemmatalis multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (agmnpv) gp41 gene was used to reconstruct the phylogeny for gp41 by comparison with autographa californica mnpv, bombyx mori mnpv, helicoverpa zea single nucleopolyhedrovirus (snpv), lymantria dispar mnpv, orgyia pseudotsugata mnpv and spodoptera frugiperda mnpv. the 3.5 kb fragment of the agmnpv gp41 region not only contained the gp41 gene but also three other open reading frames that had significant homology with the very l ... | 1999 | 10518714 |
| a baculovirus anti-apoptosis gene homolog of the trichoplusia ni granulovirus. | an inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) gene homolog (tn-iap) of the trichoplusia ni granulovirus (tngv) was cloned, sequenced and mapped on the genome of tngv. tn-iap encoded a protein (tn-iap) of 301 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 35 kda. the tn-iap contained the two sequence motifs, birs and ring finger, characteristic of iap proteins, and shared identities of 21-27% and similarities of 28-53% with iap proteins of cydia pomonella gv (cp-iap), orgyia pseudotsugata multinucleocapsid nuc ... | 1999 | 10541013 |
| sequence and organization of the spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the dna genome of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv), a group ii npv, was determined and analysed. the genome contains 135611 bp and has a g+c content of 44 mol%. computer-assisted analysis revealed 139 orfs of 150 nucleotides or larger; 103 have homologues in autographa californica mnpv (acmnpv) and a further 16 have homologues in other baculoviruses. twenty orfs are unique to semnpv. major differences in semnpv gene content and arrangement we ... | 1999 | 10567663 |
| the 'inka cell' and its associated cells: ultrastructure of the epitracheal glands in the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | the epitracheal glands in pharate and young pupae of lymantria dispar are located at the base of ventrolateral tracheal trunks in the prothoracic and first through eighth abdominal segments. each gland is composed of four cells the ultrastructure of which is described in this paper. one large cell and one smaller cell have an endocrine function, while a third cell is exocrine. a fourth cell forms a canal running from the exocrine cell into the trachea. the large endocrine cell, but not the small ... | 1999 | 12770397 |
| global protein synthesis shutdown in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus-infected ld652y cells is rescued by trna from uninfected cells. | global protein synthesis arrest occurs in autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acnpv)-infected ld652y cells at late times postinfection (p.i.). a lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus gene, hrf-1, precludes this protein synthesis arrest. we used in vitro translation assays to characterize the translation defect. cell-free lysates prepared from uninfected ld652y cells, acnpv-infected cells harvested at early times p.i., and cells infected with vachrf-1, a recombinant acnpv bearing hrf-1, ... | 1999 | 10417257 |
| in vitro analysis of venom from the wasp nasonia vitripennis: susceptibility of different cell lines and venom-induced changes in plasma membrane permeability. | the lethal effects of crude venom prepared from the ectoparasitic wasp nasonia vitripennis were examined with cultured cells from six insect and two vertebrate species. venom caused cells from sarcophaga peregrina (nih sape4), drosophila melanogaster (crl 1963), trichoplusia ni (tn-368 and bti-tn-5b1-4), spodoptera frugiperda (sf-21ae), and lymantria dispar (ipl-ldfbc1) to round up, swell, and eventually die. despite similar sensitivities and overlapping lc50 values [0.0004-0.0015 venom reservoi ... | 1999 | 10475265 |
| comparison of cell line maintenance procedures on insect cells used for producing baculoviruses. | a gypsy moth cell line, iplb-ldeita, maintained under various conditions was tested for susceptibility to and productivity of two baculoviruses, the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) and lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv). the results suggest that cells maintained in serum-containing medium (modified tc100) were more susceptible (on the basis of titers in an endpoint assay) to ldmnpv than cells maintained in a serum-free medium (excell 400). such a difference was n ... | 1999 | 10475270 |
| identification of residues in domain iii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin that affect binding and toxicity. | alanine substitution mutations in the cry1ac domain iii region, from amino acid residues 503 to 525, were constructed to study the functional role of domain iii in the toxicity and receptor binding of the protein to lymantria dispar, manduca sexta, and heliothis virescens. five sets of alanine block mutants were generated at the residues (503)ss(504), (506)nni(508), (509)qnr(511), (522)st(523), and (524)st(525). single alanine substitutions were made at the residues (509)q, (510)n, (511)r, and ( ... | 1999 | 10508083 |
| nosema portugal, n. sp., isolated from gypsy moths (lymantria dispar l.) collected in portugal | a microsporidium nosema portugal n. sp. was isolated from gypsy moths, lymantria dispar l, collected near lisbon, portugal, in 1985. the life cycle includes two sequential developmental cycles, a primary and a secondary cycle. the primary cycle occurs in midgut epithelial cells, where primary spores are produced within 48 h. the primary spores immediately extrude their polar filaments, presumably to infect other cells. in the target tissues (salivary glands and fat body) the secondary developmen ... | 1999 | 9878284 |
| pathology and epizootiology of entomophaga maimaiga infections in forest lepidoptera. | the insect-pathogenic fungal pathogen entomophaga maimaiga is endemic to northeastern asia and was first found in north america in 1989. due to repeated epizootics and spread within populations of the major forest defoliator in northeastern north america, the gypsy moth (lymantria dispar), this pathogen has gained much notoriety. although this pathogen was purposely introduced to north america for biological control of l. dispar in 1910 to 1911, it is questionable whether it became established a ... | 1999 | 10585966 |
| within-host interactions of lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) nucleopolyhedrosis virus and entomophaga maimaiga (zygomycetes: entomophthorales) | the interaction of two gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) pathogens, a nucleopolyhedrosis virus (ldnpv) and a fungus (entomophaga maimaiga), were studied by assessing mortality among dually inoculated hosts. when fourth and fifth instar gypsy moths were inoculated with a range of doses of ldnpv and a fixed dose of e. maimaiga on the same day, the majority of larvae died from e. maimaiga infections regardless of the dose of ldnpv. when the larvae were inoculated with e. maimaiga 10 days after ldnpv, t ... | 1999 | 9878294 |
| discrimination of pheromone enantiomers by two pheromone binding proteins from the gypsy moth lymantria dispar. | the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, uses (7r, 8s)-cis-2-methyl-7, 8-epoxyoctadecane, (+)-disparlure, as a sex pheromone. the (-) enantiomer of the pheromone is a strong behavioral antagonist. specialized sensory hairs, sensillae, on the antennae of male moths detect the pheromone. once the pheromone enters a sensillum, the very abundant pheromone binding protein (pbp) transports the odorant to the sensory neuron. we have expressed the two pbps found in gypsy moth antennae, pbp1 and pbp2, and we ha ... | 2000 | 10913308 |
| pdgf and tgf-beta partially prevent 2-deoxy-d-ribose-induced apoptosis in the fat body cell line iplb-ldfb from the insect lymantria dispar. | the iplb-ldfb cell line from the fat body of the insect lymantria dispar shows the presence of immunoreactive, platelet-derived growth factor (pdgf)-ab and transforming growth factor (tgf)-beta1 molecules, as well as the corresponding plasma membrane-like receptors, i.e. pdgfr-alpha, pdgfr-beta and tgfr-beta type ii. cytofluorimetric and morphological studies reveal that the reducing sugar 2-deoxy-d-ribose (drib), an apoptotic agent for human cells, induces apoptosis in a concentration- and time ... | 2000 | 12770261 |
| [identification of cry-type genes of 31 bacillus thuringiensis isolates and analysis of their expression product]. | in this study, cry-type gene of 31 isolates of bt had been identified using pcr-rflp identification system, and sds-page analysis and bioassay had been performed. 25 strains containing cry1 type gene express 130-150 kd protein and 16 of them contain cry1i gene, which codes 80 kd protein and is larvicidal to both lepidopteran and coleopteran species. 15 strains contain both cry1 and cry2 type gene; 10 strains contain unknown cry-type gene; 6 strains don't contain seven identified cry-type gene. r ... | 2000 | 12548957 |
| interactions between an entomopathogenic microsporidium and the endoparasitoid glyptapanteles liparidis within their host, the gypsy moth larva. | interactions in the host-parasitoid-pathogen system, lymantria dispar l. (lep., lymantriidae)-glyptapanteles liparidis (bouché) (hym., braconidae)-vairimorpha sp. (protista, microspora), were investigated. host selection experiments revealed that g. liparidis females did not discriminate between infected and uninfected host larvae for oviposition. transmission of the microsporidium from infected to uninfected hosts by stinging female wasps could not be ascertained. females that developed in infe ... | 2000 | 10631059 |
| evidence for integration of glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus dna into the chromosome of lymantria dispar in vitro. | polydnaviruses replicate within calyx cells of the female ovaries of certain species of parasitic wasps and are required for the successful parasitization of lepidopteran hosts. these viruses, which have unusual double-stranded circular dna segmented genomes, are integrated as proviruses into the genomes of their associated wasp hosts and are believed to be transmitted vertically through germline tissue. here, by combined southern hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays and viral s ... | 2000 | 10653915 |
| isolation and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from hemolymph of lymantria dispar by affinity- and by anion-exchange chromatography. | juvenile hormone esterase (jhe), which catalyzes the hydrolysis of juvenile hormone, was isolated from the hemolymph of 5(th) instars of lymantria dispar by two different procedures. one procedure was based on affinity chromatography and the other on anion-exchange chromatography. the material from both purifications showed bands of approximately 50 kda when analyzed by sds-page. isoelectric focusing (ief) gels in combination with enzyme activity assays indicated two isoelectric forms with the s ... | 2000 | 10727897 |
| in vitro formation of resting spores by the insect pathogenic fungus entomophaga maimaiga. | field-collected resting spores (azygospores) of the fungal pathogen of lymantria dispar (gypsy moth), entomophaga maimaiga, have been used to release this biological control agent in areas where this pathogen is not established. we have found that e. maimaiga can produce resting spores in vitro using grace's insect tissue culture medium (95%) plus fetal bovine serum (5%). the majority of spores become mature between 7 and 21 days after cultures are initiated. spore production varies by fungal is ... | 2000 | 10753595 |
| diagnosis of penaeus monodon-type baculovirus by pcr and by elisa of occlusion bodies. | the black tiger prawn penaeus monodon is a valuable aquaculture product in taiwan. two specific diagnostic methods were established for p. monodon-type baculovirus, one using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technology and the other enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) technology. monodon-type baculovirus (mbv) was purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation from occlusion bodies of mbv-infected postlarvae of p. monodon. mbv dna was subsequently purified from the occlusion bodies and its pre ... | 2000 | 10782342 |
| bivalent sequential binding model of a bacillus thuringiensis toxin to gypsy moth aminopeptidase n receptor. | specificity for target insects of bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal cry toxins is largely determined by toxin affinity for insect midgut receptors. the mode of binding for one such toxin-receptor complex was investigated by extensive toxin mutagenesis, followed by real-time receptor binding analysis using an optical biosensor (biacore). wild-type cry1ac, a three-domain, lepidopteran-specific toxin, bound purified gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) aminopeptidase n (apn) biphasically. site 1 display ... | 2000 | 10799525 |
| identification of the lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus envelope fusion protein provides evidence for a phylogenetic division of the baculoviridae. | the complete genome sequences of a number of diverse members of the baculoviridae including both nucleopolyhedroviruses (npvs) and granuloviruses (gvs) revealed that they lack a homolog of gp64, the envelope fusion protein of the budded form of autographa californica multinucleocapsid npv (acmnpv) and its close relatives. computer-assisted analyses of the genome of one of these viruses, lymantria dispar mnpv (ldmnpv), revealed a single open reading frame (ld130) whose product had the predicted p ... | 2000 | 10846096 |
| filamentous actin is required for lepidopteran nucleopolyhedrovirus progeny production. | autographa californica m nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv) is the prototypical member of the nucleopolyhedrosis: genus of the baculoviridae:, a family of large, double-stranded dna viruses that are highly diverse. nucleocapsid morphogenesis of acmnpv and others in the nucleopolyhedrovirus: genus takes place within the nuclei of infected host cells. previously, we showed that filamentous actin (f-actin) is essential for this process to occur in acmnpv-infected cells, an unprecedented finding for a dn ... | 2000 | 10859396 |
| [insect-resistant transgenic poplar expressing aait gene]. | insect-specific scorpion neurotoxin aait gene inserted into a binary vector was transferred into a hybrid poplar clone n-106(p. deltoides x p. simonii) growing in the southern of china. we obtained sixty-two regenerated plants by agrobacterium tumefaciens transferring system. pcr and pcr-southern analysis showed that aait gene was incorporated into the genome of some recovered poplar plants. one of the transformed plants named a5 was significantly resistant to feeding by first instar larvae of l ... | 2000 | 10976310 |
| a novel baculovirus envelope fusion protein with a proprotein convertase cleavage site. | the entry mechanism of spodoptera exigua multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (semnpv), a group ii npv, in cultured cells was examined. semnpv budded virus (bv) enters by endocytosis as do the bvs of the group i npvs, autographa californica (ac) mnpv and orgyia pseudotsugata (op) mnpv. in group i npvs, upon infection acidification of the endosome triggers fusion of the viral and endosomal membrane, which is mediated by the bv envelope glycoprotein gp64. however, the semnpv genome lacks a homolog of ... | 2000 | 11017785 |
| role of two arginine residues in domain ii, loop 2 of cry1ab and cry1ac bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin in toxicity and binding to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar aminopeptidase n. | two arginine residues (368-369) of cry1ab and cry1ac were mutated to alanine, glutamic acid and lysine by site-directed mutagenesis. insecticidal activities of the mutant toxins on manduca sexta and lymantria dispar larvae were examined. cry1ac mutant toxins (c)rr-aa and (c)rr-ee and cry1ab mutant toxins (b)rr-aa and (b)rr-ee showed great reductions in toxicity against both insects. in contrast, conservatively changed (c)rr-kk and (b)rr-kk mutants did not alter toxicity to either insect. binding ... | 2000 | 11069655 |
| food utilization values of gypsy moth lymantria dispar (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) larvae infected with the microsporidium vairimorpha sp. (microsporidia: burenellidae). | infection of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, with the microsporidium vairimorpha sp. strongly influences the development of the host in ways typical of many species of terrestrial entomopathogenic microsporidia; growth is reduced while development time is extended in infected insects. the appearance of the different stages of the parasite in the host relative to the elapsed time after oral infection, as well as the influence of the parasite proliferation on food utilization of the host, were e ... | 2000 | 11112371 |
| impacts of chipping on surrogates for the longhorned beetle anoplophora glabripennis (coleoptera: cerambycidae) in logs. | as part of the eradication program for recent introductions of the longhorned beetle anoplophora glabripennis (motschulsky) in the united states, wood from infested trees is chipped and incinerated. two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of chipping wood from infested trees on the survival of the beetle. in the first test, plastic worms were used as surrogates for larvae of the beetle. plastic worms of different sizes were placed in holes drilled in logs of sugar maple, acer sacchar ... | 2000 | 11142319 |
| aedes aegypti tmof modulates ecdysteroid production by prothoracic glands of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar. | trypsin modulating oostatic factor (tmof) is a decapeptide that inhibits the biosynthesis of trypsin-like enzymes in the midgut of several insect species and, as such, serves as a dipteran oostatic hormone. in vitro incubation of lepidopteran prothoracic glands with aedes aegypti tmof revealed that this decapeptide, in the presence of brain extract, modulates ecdysteroid production. the modulatory effect was highly dependent on both the concentration of tmof and brain extract. typically, tmof wa ... | 2000 | 11093243 |
| effects of glyptapanteles liparidis (hym.: braconidae) parasitism, polydnavirus, and venom on development of microsporidia-infected and uninfected lymantria dispar (lep.: lymantriidae) larvae. | effects of parasitism, polydnavirus, and venom of the endoparasitoid glyptapanteles liparidis on lymantria dispar larvae infected with the microsporidium vairimorpha sp. and uninfected hosts were studied. we tested the impact on growth and development of hosts, as well as on microsporidian infection. both parasitism and polydnavirus/venom treatment alone caused a slight increase in growth rate and relative growth rate in uninfected fourth instar hosts. this effect was more pronounced with the ad ... | 2001 | 11161992 |
| replication of the gonad-specific virus hz-2v in ld652y cells mimics replication in vivo. | a newly discovered, nonoccluded insect virus, known as gonad-specific virus or hz-2v, was found to replicate differently in two insect cell lines derived from ovarian tissues (tn-368 cells from trichoplusia ni and ld652y from lymantria dispar). differences between these two cell lines were observed in virus plaque forming ability, rate of viral dna replication, time course of infectious virus production, and the mechanism of virus release from infected cells. replication of hz-2v in ld652y cells ... | 2001 | 11161993 |
| testis ecdysiotropin, an insect gonadotropin that induces synthesis of ecdysteroid. | testes of lepidoptera synthesized ecdysteroid in a somewhat different temporal pattern than the prothoracic glands that release ecdysteroid to the hemolymph. brain extracts from heliothis virescens and lymantria dispar induced testes to synthesize ecdysteroid, but did not affect prothoracic glands. the testis ecdysiotropin (lte) was isolated from l. dispar pupal brains by a series of high-pressure chromatography steps. its sequence was ile-ser-asp-phe-asp-glu-tyr-glu-pro-leu-asn-asp-ala-asp-asn- ... | 2001 | 11462222 |
| the sequence of the helicoverpa armigera single nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the nucleotide sequence of the helicoverpa armigera single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) dna genome was determined and analysed. the circular genome encompasses 131,403 bp, has a g+c content of 39.1 mol% and contains five homologous regions with a unique pattern of repeats. computer-assisted analysis revealed 135 putative orfs of 150 nt or larger; 100 orfs have homologues in autographa californica multicapsid npv (acmnpv) and a further 15 orfs have homologues in other baculoviruses ... | 2001 | 11125177 |
| both lymantria dispar nucleopolyhedrovirus enhancin genes contribute to viral potency. | enhancins are a group of proteins first identified in granuloviruses (gv) that have the ability to enhance nuclear polyhedrosis virus potency. we had previously identified an enhancin gene (e1) in the lymantria dispar multinucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (ldmnpv) (d. s. bischoff and j. m. slavicek, j. virol. 71:8133-8140, 1997). inactivation of the e1 gene product within the viral genome lowered viral potency by an average of 2.9-fold. a second enhancin gene (e2) was identified when the entire ... | 2001 | 11507209 |
| identification of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain hd1-like bacteria from environmental and human samples after aerial spraying of victoria, british columbia, canada, with foray 48b. | aerial applications of foray 48b, which contains bacillus thuringiensis strain hd1, were carried out on 9 to 10 may, 19 to 21 may, and 8 to 9 june 1999 to control european gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) populations in victoria, british columbia, canada. a major assessment of the health impact of b. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki was conducted by the office of the medical health officer of the capital health region during this period. environmental (air and water) and human (nasal swab) samples, co ... | 2001 | 11229889 |
| effects of temperature on the susceptibility of insect cells to infection by baculoviruses. | three insect cell lines were tested for susceptibility to baculovirus infection by use of a typical endpoint assay procedure. cell lines from spodoptera frugiperda (iplb-sf21ae), lymantria dispar (iplb-ldeita), and heliothis virescens (iplb-hve6s) in 96-well tissue culture plates were each infected with dilutions of extra cellular virus suspensions of the autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv). in addition, the l. dispar and h. virescens cells were also infected with l. dispar nucl ... | 2001 | 12486333 |
| effect of bacillus thuringiensis cry1 toxins in insect hemolymph and their neurotoxicity in brain cells of lymantria dispar. | little information is available on the systemic effects of bacillus thuringiensis toxins in the hemocoel of insects. in order to test whether b. thuringiensis-activated toxins elicit a toxic response in the hemocoel, we measured the effect of intrahemocoelic injections of several cry1 toxins on the food intake, growth, and survival of lymantria dispar (lepidoptera) and neobellieria bullata (diptera) larvae. injection of cry1c was highly toxic to the lymantria larvae and resulted in the complete ... | 2001 | 11525986 |
| the effects of cations on the activity of the gypsy moth (lepidoptera: lymantriidae) nuclear polyhedrosis virus. | fourteen cations were tested at a 1% concentration (wt:wt), as chlorides, for their effects on the biological activity of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar (l.), nuclear polyhedrosis virus (ldmnpv). cupric chloride was toxic to gypsy moth larvae. ferrous and ferric chloride were inhibitory to larval growth and development as well as to virus activity. strontium chloride was inhibitory to virus activity but had no apparent effects on gypsy moth larvae. six cations had little or no effect on virus ... | 2001 | 11233097 |
| isolation and partial characterization of gypsy moth btr-270, an anionic brush border membrane glycoconjugate that binds bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxins with high affinity. | btr-270, a gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) brush border membrane molecule that binds bacillus thuringiensis (bt) cry1a toxins with high affinity, was purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. rabbit antibodies specific for the bt toxin-binding molecule were raised. attempts to label btr-270 by protein-directed techniques were futile, but it was degraded by proteases with broad specificity indicating the presence of a peptide. carbohydrate was detected by labeling with digoxigenin hydrazide foll ... | 2001 | 11304752 |
| mutations at the arginine residues in alpha8 loop of bacillus thuringiensis delta-endotoxin cry1ac affect toxicity and binding to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar aminopeptidase n. | the functional role of the alpha8 loop residues in domain ii of bacillus thuringiensis cry1ac toxin was examined. alanine substitution mutations were introduced in the residues from 275 to 293. among the mutant toxins, substitutions at r281 and r289 affected toxicity to manduca sexta and lymantria dispar. loss of toxicity by these mutant toxins was well correlated with reductions in binding affinity for brush border membrane vesicles and the purified receptor, aminopeptidase n (apn), from both i ... | 2001 | 11377423 |
| mapping the epitope in cadherin-like receptors involved in bacillus thuringiensis cry1a toxin interaction using phage display. | in susceptible lepidopteran insects, aminopeptidase n and cadherin-like proteins are the putative receptors for bacillus thuringiensis (bt) toxins. using phage display, we identified a key epitope that is involved in toxin-receptor interaction. three different scfv molecules that bind cry1ab toxin were obtained, and these scfv proteins have different amino acid sequences in the complementary determinant region 3 (cdr3). binding analysis of these scfv molecules to different members of the cry1a t ... | 2001 | 11384982 |
| effects of genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on aspen phytochemistry and insect performance. | genetic and environmental variability, and their interactions, influence phytochemical composition and, in turn, herbivore performance. we evaluated the independent and interactive effects of plant genotype, nutrient availability, and defoliation on the foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (populus tremuloides) and consequences for performance of gypsy moths (lymantria dispar). saplings of four genotypes were grown under two conditions of nutrient availability and subjected to three levels of artif ... | 2001 | 11504029 |
| sequence analysis of the spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus genome. | the complete spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) genome contained 139,342 bp with a g+c content of 42.7%, and 141 putative open reading frames (orfs) or genes of 150 nucleotides or greater that showed minimal overlap. ninety-six orfs had homologues in autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), 16 had homologues in other baculoviruses, and 29 were unique to spltmnpv. the homologues of ubiquitin and gp37 are fused in spltmnpv. the genome lacked a ho ... | 2001 | 11531416 |
| olfaction in the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar: effect of ph, ionic strength, and reductants on pheromone transport by pheromone-binding proteins. | the pheromone-binding proteins (pbps) are 16-kda abundant proteins in specialized olfactory hairs in insects. the mechanism by which the pbps remove the pheromone from the inner surface of sensory hairs and deliver it to the sensory cell remains unclear. existing qualitative models postulate that pheromone is released near the dendrite by a decrease in ph or by a reduced form of the pbp. this study focuses on the two pbps from the gypsy moth and the enantiomers of the pheromone cis-2-methyl-7,8- ... | 2001 | 11581252 |
| new tachinidae (diptera) host records of eastern north american forest canopy lepidoptera: baseline data in a bacillus thuriengiensis variety kurstaki nontarget study. | macrolepidopteran caterpillars collected in 1995 and 1996 in the monongahela national forest, pocahontas county, wv, and the george washington national forest, augusta county, va, yielded 60 previously unreported tachinid host associations. most associations were between native species, but the introduced polyphagous tachinid compsilura concinnata (meigen) produced eight new associations with native hosts. the tachinids collected were slightly broader in their host preferences than associated br ... | 2001 | 11681675 |
| ion channels induced in planar lipid bilayers by the bacillus thuringiensis toxin cry1aa in the presence of gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) brush border membrane. | the apical brush border membrane, the main target site of bacillus thuringiensis toxins, was isolated from gypsy moth (lymantria dispar) larval midguts and fused to artificial planar lipid bilayer membranes. under asymmetrical n-methyl-d-glucamine-hcl conditions (450 mm cis/150 mm trans, ph 9.0), which significantly reduce endogenous channel activity, trypsin-activated cry1aa, a b. thuringiensis insecticidal protein active against the gypsy moth in vivo, induced a large increase in bilayer membr ... | 2001 | 11687877 |
| rapid detection of multiple nucleopolyhedroviruses using polymerase chain reaction. | a technique using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was developed for detection of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (npv) polyhedrin gene. the amino acid sequences of the polyhedrin gene were compared in twenty-six npvs. a highly conserved dna sequence within the coding region of the polyhedrin gene was targeted for amplification. one pair of degenerate pcr primers was designed to produce fragments of about 430 bp. the npvs detected by this technique were autographa californica npv, bombyx mori npv, h ... | 2001 | 11459223 |
| survival and differential development of entomophaga maimaiga and entomophaga aulicae (zygomycetes: entomophthorales) in lymantria dispar hemolymph. | the closely related entomophthoralean fungi entomophaga aulicae and e. maimaiga are both host-specific pathogens of lepidopteran larvae. however, these fungi do not have the same host range. the first objective of this study was to compare the fate of e. aulicae in the nonpermissive host lymantria dispar with the fate of the successful pathogen e. maimaiga over the same time period. in the hemolymph of l. dispar injected with e. maimaiga protoplasts, the number of hemocytes demonstrated a decrea ... | 2001 | 12009800 |
| resistance of the insect cell line iplb-ldfb to salsolinol-induced apoptosis. | apoptosis is a form of cell death that is manifested in parkinson's disease (pd) and certain other neurodegenerative disorders. metabolites of salsolinol (sal), an intraneuronal, dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinoline (tiq), have been shown to induce apoptosis in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells, implicating these molecules as causative or contributory factors in the selective killing of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons, a cardinal manifestation of parkinson's disease. since insects emp ... | 2002 | 11754089 |
| phenotypic and genotypic analysis of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus serially passaged in cell culture. | rapid accumulation of few polyhedra (fp) mutants was detected during serial passaging of helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (hasnpv) in cell culture. 100% fp infected cells were observed by passage 6. the specific yield decreased from 178 polyhedra per cell at passage 2 to two polyhedra per cell at passage 6. the polyhedra at passage 6 were not biologically active, with a 28-fold reduction in potency compared to passage 3. electron microscopy studies revealed that very few polyhedra were ... | 2002 | 11907345 |
| pseudotyping autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv): f proteins from group ii npvs are functionally analogous to acmnpv gp64. | gp64, the major envelope glycoprotein of budded virions of the baculovirus autographa californica multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (acmnpv), is involved in viral attachment, mediates membrane fusion during virus entry, and is required for efficient virion budding. thus, gp64 is essential for viral propagation in cell culture and in animals. recent genome sequences from a number of baculoviruses show that only a subset of closely related baculoviruses have gp64 genes, while other baculoviruses ha ... | 2002 | 11992001 |
| timing of transmission and the evolution of virulence of an insect virus. | we used the nuclear polyhedrosis virus of the gypsy moth, lymantria dispar, to investigate whether the timing of transmission influences the evolution of virulence. in theory, early transmission should favour rapid replication and increase virulence, while late transmission should favour slower replication and reduce virulence. we tested this prediction by subjecting one set of 10 virus lineages to early transmission (early viruses) and another set to late transmission (late viruses). each linea ... | 2002 | 12061960 |