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high flow nasal cannula (hfnc) versus nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ncpap) for the initial respiratory management of acute viral bronchiolitis in young infants: a multicenter randomized controlled trial (tramontane study).nasal continuous positive airway pressure (ncpap) is currently the gold standard for respiratory support for moderate to severe acute viral bronchiolitis (avb). although oxygen delivery via high flow nasal cannula (hfnc) is increasingly used, evidence of its efficacy and safety is lacking in infants.201728124736
correlation of symptomatic enterovirus infection and later risk of allergic diseases via a population-based cohort study.infants who are exposed to the rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus are at a higher risk of subsequently developing wheezing or asthma. this study aims to determine whether preschoolers with a history of symptomatic enterovirus infection are at an increased risk of developing allergic diseases or not.we used data from the taiwan national health insurance research database from 1999 to 2006 for this nationwide population-based cohort study. the subsequent risks for allergic diseases, which i ...201728121929
lower respiratory tract diseases caused by common respiratory viruses among stem cell transplantation recipients: a single center experience in korea.to describe the incidence, clinical courses, and risk factors for mortality of lower respiratory tract diseases (lrds) caused by common respiratory viruses (crvs) in stem cell transplantation (sct) recipients.201728120567
use of an automated nested multiplex respiratory pathogen pcr panel postmortem in the pediatric forensic setting.respiratory pathogens have been detected in forensic investigations using multiple techniques; however, no study has examined the use of automated, nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (anm-pcr), commonly used in living patients, in the forensic setting. this retrospective study assessed the utility of anm-pcr in detecting respiratory pathogens in the pediatric forensic setting. respiratory samples from 35 cases were tested for up to 20 respiratory pathogens. 51.4% of these cases yielded ...201728120330
in vitro screening for antiviral activity of turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus.human rotavirus (hrov) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children under the age of five years. no specific antiviral drug is available for hrov infections and the treatment of viral diarrhea is mainly based on rehydration and zinc treatment. in this study, we explored medicinal plants endemic to turkey flora as a source of anti-hrov compunds.201728118832
recent sequence variation in probe binding site affected detection of respiratory syncytial virus group b by real-time rt-pcr.direct immuno-fluorescence test (ifat) and multiplex real-time rt-pcr have been central to rsv diagnosis in kilifi, kenya. recently, these two methods showed discrepancies with an increasing number of pcr undetectable rsv-b viruses.201728107671
multicenter clinical evaluation of the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay for pediatric and adult respiratory tract specimens.influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are three common viruses implicated in seasonal respiratory tract infections and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. in recent years, an increasing number of commercial molecular tests have become available to diagnose respiratory viral infections. the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay is a fully automated sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic assay for the detection of influenza a, influen ...201728539342
emergence of on1 genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in china between 2011 and 2015.a molecular epidemiological study of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) was conducted to examine the distribution of its subgroups and genotypes, as well as to identify its transmission pattern in china. a total of 705 samples collected from 9 provinces in china between january 2008 and february 2015 were identified as hrsv-positive and were subsequently sequenced. of these, 336 samples were hrsv subgroup a (hrsva), 368 samples were hrsv subgroup b (hrsvb), and 1 sample contained both hrsv ...201728710393
respiratory syncytial virus, infants and intensive therapy.the aims of this study were to determine the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and to assess the clinical features of the disease in infants with acute low respiratory tract infection hospitalized at pediatric intensive care units (picu) of two university teaching hospitals in são paulo state, brazil. nasopharyngeal secretions were tested for the rsv by the polymerase chain reaction. positive and negative groups for the virus were compared in terms of evolution under intensive care ( ...201722358363
a functional genomics approach to henipavirus research: the role of nuclear proteins, micrornas and immune regulators in infection and disease.hendra and nipah viruses (family paramyxoviridae, genus henipavirus) are zoonotic rna viruses that cause lethal disease in humans and are designated as biosafety level 4 (bsl4) agents. moreover, henipaviruses belong to the same group of viruses that cause disease more commonly in humans such as measles, mumps and respiratory syncytial virus. due to the relatively recent emergence of the henipaviruses and the practical constraints of performing functional genomics studies at high levels of contai ...201728674944
seasonal variations of respiratory viruses detected from children with respiratory tract infections in riyadh, saudi arabia.artis have a huge impact in health systems in which 20-30% of all hospital admissions and 30-60% of practitioner visits are related to respiratory tract infections. the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, age distribution, and seasonal variation of respiratory viruses. this study was descriptive retrospective study in which all patients 14 years of age and below who presented with signs and symptoms of artis between january 2013 and december 2014 and had respiratory specimen tested ...201728668655
pulmonary immunity to viruses.mucosal surfaces, such as the respiratory epithelium, are directly exposed to the external environment and therefore, are highly susceptible to viral infection. as a result, the respiratory tract has evolved a variety of innate and adaptive immune defenses in order to prevent viral infection or promote the rapid destruction of infected cells and facilitate the clearance of the infecting virus. successful adaptive immune responses often lead to a functional state of immune memory, in which memory ...201728667071
costs of hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus illness among children aged <5 years and the financial impact on households in bangladesh, 2010.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute respiratory illness in young children and results in significant economic burden. there is no vaccine to prevent rsv illness but a number of vaccines are in development. we conducted this study to estimate the costs of severe rsv illness requiring hospitalization among children <5 years and associated financial impact on households in bangladesh. data of this study could be useful for rsv vaccine development and also the value of va ...201728702175
a novel host factor for human respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of severe lower respiratory disease in young children worldwide. as part of a genome-wide sirna screen, we recently discovered that actin-related protein 2 (arp2) is a host factor in the rsv replication cycle. arp2 is a major constituent of the arp2/3 complex, which catalyzes actin polymerization involved in cell morphology and motility. in the course of investigating this finding, we also found that rsv infection of human lung e ...201728702128
nanoparticles increase human bronchial epithelial cell susceptibility to respiratory syncytial virus infection via nerve growth factor-induced autophagy.cytotoxic and neuroinflammatory effects of tio2 nanoparticles (tio2-np) in human airways are mediated by nerve growth factor (ngf), which is also implicated in the pathophysiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. we tested the hypothesis that exposure to tio2-np results in increased susceptibility to rsv infection and exacerbation of airway inflammation via ngf-mediated induction of autophagy in lower respiratory tract cells. human primary bronchial epithelial cells were exposed t ...201728701524
respiratory syncytial virus in adults with severe acute respiratory illness in a high hiv prevalence setting.there are limited data on the epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) illness in hiv-infected adults or the elderly in africa. we studied the epidemiology of rsv-associated severe acute respiratory illness (sari) hospitalizations in adults in south africa from 2009 through 2013.201728676408
human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and birth, nepal.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory virus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease and even death, primarily in young children. the incidence and characteristics of hmpv have not been well described in pregnant women. as part of a trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural southern nepal, we conducted prospective, longitudinal, home-based active surveillance for febrile respiratory illness during pregnancy through 6 months postpartum. during 2011-2014, hmpv was dete ...201728726613
prolonged viral replication and longitudinal viral dynamic differences among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected infants.longitudinal rsv dynamics have not been well-studied despite existence of factors favoring prolonged rsv replication including: high mutation rates allowing rapid evolution and potential escape from immune control. we therefore measured viral load in previously rsv-naïve infants over prolonged time-spans.201728723886
a critical role of gas6/axl signal in allergic airway responses during rsv vaccine-enhanced disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common virus that causes lower respiratory infections across a wide range of ages. a licensed rsv vaccine is not available because vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) and the subsequent rsv infection cause not only insufficient induction of neutralizing antibodies but also severe allergic airway responses, termed fi-rsv vaccine enhanced disease (fi-rsv ved). however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified, although a th2-biased immu ...201728722020
burden and seasonality of viral acute respiratory tract infections among outpatients in southern sri lanka.in tropical and subtropical settings, the epidemiology of viral acute respiratory tract infections varies widely between countries. we determined the etiology, seasonality, and clinical presentation of viral acute respiratory tract infections among outpatients in southern sri lanka. from march 2013 to january 2015, we enrolled outpatients presenting with influenza-like illness (ili). nasal/nasopharyngeal samples were tested in duplicate using antigen-based rapid influenza testing and multiplex p ...201728719323
broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory rna viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response.our previous screening of 50 240 structurally diverse compounds led to the identification of 39 influenza a virus infection inhibitors (kao r.y., yang d., lau l.s., tsui w.h., hu l. et al. nat biotechnol 2010;28:600-605). further screening of these compounds against common respiratory viruses led to the discovery of compound fa-613. this inhibitor exhibited low micromolar antiviral activity against various influenza a and b virus strains, including the highly pathogenic influenza a strains h5n1 ...201728555543
severe viral respiratory infections in children with ifih1 loss-of-function mutations.viral respiratory infections are usually mild and self-limiting; still they exceptionally result in life-threatening infections in previously healthy children. to investigate a potential genetic cause, we recruited 120 previously healthy children requiring support in intensive care because of a severe illness caused by a respiratory virus. using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified and characterized three rare loss-of-function variants in ifih1, which encodes an rig-i-like receptor ...201728716935
severity of pneumonia in under 5-year-old children from developing countries: a multicenter, prospective, observational study.pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children. the objectives were to evaluate the microbiological agents linked with hypoxemia in hospitalized children with pneumonia from developing countries, to identify predictors of hypoxemia, and to characterize factors associated with in-hospital mortality. a multicenter, observational study was conducted in five hospitals, from india (lucknow, vadu), madagascar (antananarivo), mali (bamako), and paraguay (san lorenzo). children aged 2-60 months wit ...201728719310
advances in asthma 2016: designing individualized approaches to management.in this years advances in asthma review we discuss viral infections in asthma and potential therapeutic agents, the microbiome, novel genetic associations with asthma, air quality and climate effects on asthma, exposures during development and long term sequelae of childhood asthma, patient centered outcome research, and precision medicine. in addition, we discuss application of biomarkers to precision medicine, and new information on asthma medications. new evidence indicates that rhinovirus-tr ...201728709967
respiratory viruses detected in mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: a national multicenter study.acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. pneumonia accounts for 16% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age and was the cause of death of 935000 children in 2015. despite its frequency and severity, information regarding its etiology is limited. the aim of this study was to identify respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children younger than 5 years old.201728673837
the central conserved region (ccr) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein modulates host mirna expression and alters the cellular response to infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects respiratory epithelial cells and deregulates host gene expression by many mechanisms including expression of rsv g protein (rsv g). rsv g protein encodes a central conserved region (ccr) containing a cx3c motif that functions as a fractalkine mimic. disruption of the cx3c motif (a.a. 182-186) located in the ccr of the g protein has been shown to affect g protein function in vitro and the severity of rsv disease pathogenesis in vivo. we show that infectio ...201728671606
effects of icariin on asthma mouse model are associated with regulation of prostaglandin d2 level.we aimed to observe the effect of icariin on an asthma mouse model and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.201728669561
effectiveness of palivizumab in high-risk infants and children: a propensity score weighted regression analysis.infants with premature birth ≤35 weeks gestational age, chronic lung disease of prematurity and congenital heart disease are at an increased risk for lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which has been shown in randomized trials to be prevented by palivizumab. however, palivizumab effectiveness (pe) has not been studied in a large clinical setting.201728709160
identification of two novel functional trna-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children from infancy up to early childhood. recently, we demonstrated that rsv infection alters cellular small non-coding rna (sncrna) expression, most notably the trna-derived rna fragments (trfs). however, the functions of the trfs in virus-host interaction are largely unknown. herein, we examined the role of three rsv-induced trfs derived from the 5-end of mature trnas decoding glyccc, lysct ...201728708049
viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the eastern mediterranean region, 2007-2014.little is known about the role of viral respiratory pathogens in the etiology, seasonality or severity of severe acute respiratory infections (sari) in the eastern mediterranean region.201728704440
the genetic stability of piv5-vectored rsv vaccine candidates after in vitro and in vivo passage.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infections in children, but no licensed vaccine exists. previously, our laboratory developed two parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based rsv vaccine candidates that protect mice against rsv challenge. piv5 was engineered to express either the rsv fusion protein (f) or the rsv major attachment glycoprotein (g) between the hn and l genes of the piv5 genome [piv5-rsv-f (hn-l) or piv5-rsv-g (hn-l)]. to inves ...201728747497
parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) expressing wild-type or pre-fusion respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein protect mice and cotton rats from rsv challenge.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric bronchiolitis and hospitalizations. rsv can also cause severe complications in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. there is no licensed vaccine. we previously generated a piv5-vectored vaccine candidate expressing the rsv fusion protein (f) that was immunogenic and protective in mice. in this work, our goal was to improve the original vaccine candidate by modifying the piv5 vector or by modifying the rsv-f antigen. ...201728747496
respiratory virus infection up-regulates trpv1, trpa1 and asics3 receptors on airway cells.receptors implicated in cough hypersensitivity are transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1), transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily a, member 1 (trpa1) and acid sensing ion channel receptor 3 (asic3). respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and measles virus (mv) may interact directly and/or indirectly with these receptors on sensory nerves and epithelial cells in the airways. we used in vitro models of sensory neurones (shsy5y or differentiated imr ...201728187208
airway t cells protect against rsv infection in the absence of antibody.tissue resident memory t (trm) cells act as sentinels and early responders to infection. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific trm cells have been detected in the lungs after human rsv infection, but whether they have a protective role is unknown. to dissect the protective function of trm cells, balb/c mice were infected with rsv; infected mice developed antigen-specific cd8(+) trm cells (cd103(+)/cd69(+)) in the lungs and airways. intranasally transferring cells from the airways of previou ...201728537249
risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization in the first and second years of life in pediatric patients with congenital heart disease. 201728536747
macrophages produce il-33 by activating mapk signaling pathway during rsv infection.it has been reported that rsv infection can enhance il-33 production in lung macrophages. however, little is known about specific signaling pathways for activation of macrophages during rsv infection. in the present study, by using real-time rt-pcr as well as western blot assay, it became clear that rsv infection can enhance not only the expression of mrnas for mapk molecules (including p38, jnk1/2, and erk1/2), but also the levels of mapk proteins in lung macrophages as well as raw264.7 cells. ...201728531812
defining the vaccination window for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) using age-seroprevalence data for children in kilifi, kenya.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important cause of lower respiratory tract disease in early life and a target for vaccine prevention. data on the age-prevalence of rsv specific antibodies will inform on optimizing vaccine delivery.201728531224
a single intranasal administration of virus-like particle vaccine induces an efficient protection for mice against human respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an important pediatric pathogen causing acute viral respiratory disease in infants and young children. however, no licensed vaccines are currently available. virus-like particles (vlps) may bring new hope to producing rsv vlp vaccine with high immunogenicity and safety. here, we constructed the recombinants of matrix protein (m) and fusion glycoprotein (f) of rsv, respectively into a replication-deficient first-generation adenoviral vector (fgad), which ...201728529001
frequency of respiratory viruses among patients admitted to 26 intensive care units in seven consecutive winter-spring seasons (2009-2016) in northern italy.the role of respiratory viruses in the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is still debated. the advent of molecular assays has improved the identification of viruses in patients with cap and according to published studies, viruses account for 11-55% of adult cap cases.201728527970
unravelling respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks in buenos aires, argentina: molecular basis of the spatio-temporal transmission.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the main viral cause of hospitalization due to acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide. several vaccines against rsv are under research and development, which are about to be approved. we evaluated transmission patterns in different settings to determine age-specific vaccination targets from a viral perspective. we sequenced the g glycoprotein's ectodomain of a constant clinical sampling between two epidemic outbreaks in a limited geogra ...201728527341
infection-mediated asthma: etiology, mechanisms and treatment options, with focus on chlamydia pneumoniae and macrolides.asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by reversible airway obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness to non-specific bronchoconstriction agonists as the primary underlying pathophysiology. the worldwide incidence of asthma has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. according to world health organization (who) estimates, over 300 million children and adults worldwide currently suffer from this incurable disease and 255,000 die from the disease each year. it is now well acce ...201728526018
passive and active immunization against respiratory syncytial virus for the young and old.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants worldwide and also causes significant disease in the elderly. despite 60 years of rsv research and vaccine development, there is only one approved medicine to prevent rsv infections. palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody (mab) against the rsv fusion (f) protein, is indicated for preterm infants and children at high-risk for rsv infections. it is an active time in rsv vaccine and mab development w ...201728525961
acute viral bronchiolitis in infants (review).bronchiolitis is a common condition in children less than 2 years of age and is a leading cause of infant hospitalization. acute bronchiolitis is characterized by acute wheezing in infants or children and is associated with signs or symptoms of respiratory infection; the most common etiologic agent is respiratory syncytial virus. there is a lack of consensus regarding the clinical definition of acute viral bronchiolitis in children and hence the management varies across the globe. usually it doe ...201728480848
hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus among adults in the united states, 1997-2012.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an established cause of serious lower respiratory disease in children, but the burden in adults is less well studied.201728480262
host dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr)-directed cycloguanil analogues endowed with activity against influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus.we have identified a series of 1-aryl-4,6-diamino-1,2-dihydrotriazines, structurally related to the antimalarial drug cycloguanil, as new inhibitors of influenza a and b virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) via targeting of the host dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) enzyme. most analogues proved active against influenza b virus in the low micromolar range, and the best compounds (11, 13, 14 and 16) even reached the sub-micromolar potency of zanamivir (ec50 = 0.060 μm), and markedly exceeded ...201728477572
a multi-laboratory study of diverse rsv neutralization assays indicates feasibility for harmonization with an international standard.a current barrier to the standardized evaluation of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine candidates is the wide variety of virus neutralization assay formats currently in use for assessing immunogenicity. assay formats vary widely in labor intensiveness, duration, and sample throughput. furthermore, the cell lines and virus strains used are not consistent among formats. the purpose of this multi-laboratory study was to assess the variability across a diverse array of assay formats that quan ...201728476625
complete heart block complicating the acute phase of respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.respiratory syncytial virus is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract infection in infants. in recent years, the importance of extrapulmonary complications and longterm sequelae including those involving the cardiovascular system has become apparent. we report on a 10 month old infant with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis, the acute phase of which was complicated by irreversible complete heart block, which was managed conservatively.201728486756
comparison of first year of life acute otitis media admissions before and after the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.acute otitis media (aom) is a common childhood infection, which is usually managed in the outpatient setting. yet, the more severe cases are referred for inpatient treatment. we hypothesized that pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (pcvs), administered during the first year of life, would decrease aom admissions rate in this age group. we studied the characteristics of infants admitted with aom and acute mastoiditis (am) in the pcv13 era, routinely given from november 2010 to all infants.201728483246
α-asarone suppresses the proliferation and migration of asmcs through targeting the lncrna-pvt1/mir-203a/e2f3 signal pathway in rsv-infected rats.asthma is a chronic inflammatory pulmonary disease and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a common cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children. α-asarone presents many pharmacological effects and has been demonstrated to be useful in treating asthma. however, the functional mechanism of α-asarone in rsv-infected asthma has not been investigated. long non-coding rnas (lncrnas) have been reported to play critical roles in many biological processes. although m ...201728510638
real-life comparison of three general paediatric wards showed similar outcomes for children with bronchiolitis despite different treatment regimens.this study evaluated the effectiveness of three different treatments for bronchiolitis in a tertiary paediatric facility.201728510350
palivizumab prophylaxis in infants with cystic fibrosis does not delay first isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa or staphylococcus aureus.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections may worsen cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease and favor pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) or staphylococcus aureus (sa) acquisition, which is of particular importance in the youngest patients. we aimed to determine the effectiveness of pvz on microbiological outcomes in young children with cf. we conducted a retrospective case-control study to compare these outcomes in children who systematically received pvz (pvz+; n = 40) or not (pvz-; n = 140). one case w ...201728508992
bac-based recovery of recombinant respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an enveloped, nonsegmented negative-strand rna virus, which causes lower respiratory tract infections and is a leading cause of mortality in young infants. there is no available rsv vaccine and currently administered prophylactic antibodies are limited to high-risk populations. current efforts to develop vaccines include development of live-attenuated rsv candidates. we describe here methods for preparation and recovery of recombinant rsv using an efficient b ...201728508217
heliox delivered by high flow nasal cannula improves oxygenation in infants with respiratory syncytial virus acute bronchiolitis.the objective of this study is to evaluate the hypothesis that use of heliox would result in improvement of gas exchange when used with high flow nasal cannula in infants with rsv acute bronchiolitis.201728506664
grape seed proanthocyanidin inhibits mucin synthesis and viral replication by suppression of ap-1 and nf-κb via p38 mapks/jnk signaling pathways in respiratory syncytial virus-infected a549 cells.airway epithelial cells are often infected by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), one of the most common causes of asthma, bronchiolitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and pneumonia. during the infection process, excessive mucins instigate airway inflammation. however, the mechanism underlying rsv-induced airway hyper-responsiveness and inflammation is poorly understood. furthermore, no reliable vaccines or drugs for antiviral therapy are available. in this study, the effect of the natur ...201728502165
ongoing developments in rsv prophylaxis: a clinician's analysis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common respiratory pathogen in infants and young children worldwide. lower respiratory tract infection due to rsv is one of the most common causes of hospitalization for infants, especially those born premature or with chronic lung or heart disease. furthermore, rsv infection is an important cause of morbidity in adults, particularly in the elderly and immunocompromised individuals. the acute phase of this infection is often followed by episodes of w ...201728500974
respiratory syncytial virus infection accelerates lung fibrosis through the unfolded protein response in a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis animal model.emerging evidence has demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum stress (er) is involved in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. viral infection often triggers a hyperinflammatory response by an expansion of the er. the present study was designed to observe the role of respiratory syncytial virus infection (rsv)‑induced er stress on lung fibrosis. in order to determine the role of er stress on the onset and progression of pulmonary fi ...201728498407
comparison of interferon and bovine herpesvirus-1-specific iga levels in nasal secretions of dairy cattle administered an intranasal modified live viral vaccine prior to calving or on the day of calving.thirty-two holstein cows were allocated to receive intranasal vaccination with modified live bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and parainfluenza type 3 virus (pi3v) vaccine either two weeks prior to their projected calving date, or within 24h after calving. nasal secretions were collected twice at a 12-h interval on the day prior to vaccination (day 0) and at 2, 4, 7, 10 and 14days post vaccination to measure interferon (ifn) alpha, ifn-beta, ifn-gamma, and ...201728494927
thymic stromal lymphopoietin, il-33, and periostin in hospitalized infants with viral bronchiolitis.much attention has recently been focused on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (tslp), il-33, and periostin in allergic disease, but less is known about their role in viral bronchiolitis.the aim of the study was to investigate whether infants exhibit enhanced nasal airway secretion of tslp, il-33, and periostin during natural respiratory viral bronchiolitis compared to healthy controls.in total, 213 infants < 2 years of age, hospitalized with bronchiolitis from october/2013 to april/2016 were enrolled ...201728471975
systematic review of the safety and efficacy of palivizumab among infants and young children with cystic fibrosis.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common pathogen in infants with cystic fibrosis (cf). the use of palivizumab prophylaxis for rsv infection as the standard of care for infants with cf remains controversial.201728423192
persistence in temporary lung niches: a survival strategy of lung-resident memory cd8(+) t cells.respiratory virus infections, such as those mediated by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov), rhinovirus, and adenovirus, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality, especially in children and older adults. furthermore, the potential emergence of highly pathogenic strains of influenza virus poses a significant public health threat. thus, the development of vaccines capable of eliciting long- ...201728418771
sequence variability of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion gene among contemporary and historical genotypes of rsv/a and rsv/b.the fusion (f) protein of rsv is the major vaccine target. this protein undergoes a conformational change from pre-fusion to post-fusion. both conformations share antigenic sites ii and iv. pre-fusion f has unique antigenic sites p27, ø, α2α3β3β4, and mpe8; whereas, post-fusion f has unique antigenic site i. our objective was to determine the antigenic variability for rsv/a and rsv/b isolates from contemporary and historical genotypes compared to a historical rsv/a strain.201728414749
immunization with low doses of recombinant postfusion or prefusion respiratory syncytial virus f primes for vaccine-enhanced disease in the cotton rat model independently of the presence of a th1-biasing (gla-se) or th2-biasing (alum) adjuvant.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection of children previously immunized with a nonlive, formalin-inactivated (fi)-rsv vaccine has been associated with serious enhanced respiratory disease (erd). consequently, detailed studies of potential erd are a critical step in the development of nonlive rsv vaccines targeting rsv-naive children and infants. the fusion glycoprotein (f) of rsv in either its postfusion (post-f) or prefusion (pre-f) conformation is a target for neutralizing antibodies and ...201728148790
impact of viral respiratory pathogens on outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery.viral respiratory infection is commonly considered a relative contraindication to elective cardiac surgery. we aimed to determine the frequency and outcomes of symptomatic viral respiratory infection in pediatric cardiac surgical patients.201728114162
a short double-stapled peptide inhibits respiratory syncytial virus entry and spreading.synthetic peptides derived from the heptad repeat (hr) of fusion (f) proteins can be used as dominant negative inhibitors to inhibit the fusion mechanism of class i viral f proteins. here, we have performed a stapled-peptide scan across the hr2 domain of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f protein with the aim to identify a minimal domain capable of disrupting the formation of the postfusion six-helix bundle required for viral cell entry. constraining the peptides with a single staple was no ...201728137809
characteristics of rsv-specific maternal antibodies in plasma of hospitalized, acute rsv patients under three months of age.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause for respiratory illness that requires hospitalization in infancy. high levels of maternal antibodies can protect against rsv infection. however, rsv-infected infants can suffer from severe disease symptoms even in the presence of high levels of rsv-specific antibodies. this study analyzes several serological characteristics to explore potential deficiencies or surpluses of antibodies that could relate to severe disease symptoms. we compare s ...201728135305
a novel pre-fusion conformation-specific neutralizing epitope on the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a major human pathogen, infecting the majority of infants before age two and causing re-infection throughout life. despite decades of rsv research, there is no licensed rsv vaccine. most candidate vaccines studied to date have incorporated the rsv fusion (f) surface glycoprotein, because the sequence of f is highly conserved among strains of rsv. to better define the human b cell response to rsv f, we isolated from a single donor 13 new neutralizing huma ...201728134924
the diagnosis and management of respiratory viral infections in cystic fibrosis.respiratory viruses, such as those that cause influenza and the common cold, are a regular feature of life for the entire human population. among people with cf, these viruses are associated with prolonged respiratory illness and show a clear association with pulmonary exacerbations which in turn are associated with lung function decline and risk of death. human rhinovirus is the most commonly encountered respiratory viral pathogen in cf although adenovirus, bocavirus, coronavirus, influenza, pa ...201728132571
virus-like particle vaccines containing f or f and g proteins confer protection against respiratory syncytial virus without pulmonary inflammation in cotton rats.vaccine-enhanced disease has been a major obstacle in developing a safe vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). this study demonstrates the immunogenicity, efficacy, and safety of virus-like particle (vlp) vaccines containing rsv f (f vlp), g (g vlp), or f and g proteins (fg vlp) in cotton rats. rsv specific antibodies were effectively induced by vaccination of cotton rats with f vlp or fg vlp vaccines. after challenge, lung rsv clearance was observed with rsv f, g, fg vlp, and formal ...201728129031
hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus and vaccine-preventable infections in the first 2 years after pediatric liver transplant.to examine in liver transplant recipients at centers participating in the pediatric health information system dataset the number of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and vaccine-preventable infections (vpis) in the first 2 years after transplantation, morbidity and mortality associated with these hospitalizations, and costs associated with these hospitalizations.201728088400
respiratory syncytial virus infection. 201728084715
respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children.bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of this infection. rsv is transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets either directly from an infected person or self-inoculation by contaminated secretions on surfaces. patients with rsv bronchiolitis usually present with two to four days of upper respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, rhinorrhea, and congestion, followed by lower ...201728084708
first versus second year respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis in chronic lung disease (2005-2015).children aged <2 years with chronic lung disease (cld) have a 10-fold higher risk for respiratory syncytial virus-positive hospitalization (rsvh) compared to healthy term infants. based on the updated position statements, we compared respiratory-related illness hospitalization (rih) and rsvh risks in cld children who received palivizumab during the first year (fy) versus second year (sy) of life in the canadian registry of palivizumab (caress). demographic data were collected at enrolment and ri ...201728105526
[prediction of severe course in infants with rsv bronchiolitis under 6 months. spain].the need for mechanical ventilation (mv) in acute bronchiolitis (ab) by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) varies depending on the series (6-18%). our goal is to determine the admissions to picu for mv in patients under 6 months with ab and define the risk factors for building a prediction model.201728104904
spread and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus a genotype on1, coastal kenya, 2010-2015.in february 2012, the novel respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group a, genotype on1, was detected in kilifi county, coastal kenya. on1 is characterized by a 72-nt duplication within the highly variable g gene (encoding the immunogenic attachment surface protein). cases were diagnosed through surveillance of pneumonia in children at the county hospital. analysis of epidemiologic, clinical, and sequence data of rsv-a viruses detected over 5 rsv seasons (2010/2011 to 2014/2015) indicated the follow ...201728098528
reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus directly from nasopharyngeal swabs.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young infants and a major cause of nosocomial infection in pediatric care. currently available rsv point-of-care tests are of limited sensitivity and relatively expensive. we developed and evaluated a novel rsv rapid test for use at point-of-care, based on reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for direct testing of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. rt-lamp can detect rsv with ...201728093275
rsv associated hospitalizations in children in karachi, pakistan: implications for vaccine prevention strategies.major progress is being made in vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), with multiple vaccine candidates currently in the clinical phase of development. making an investment case for public sector financing of rsv vaccine will require estimation of burden, cost-effectiveness, and impact. the aim of this study is to determine the proportion, age distribution and clinical spectrum of rsv associated hospitalizations in children in karachi, pakistan. a three years prospective study was c ...201728092107
patterns of immune development in urban preschoolers with recurrent wheeze and/or atopy.disadvantaged urban children have high rates of allergic diseases and wheezing, which are diseases associated with type 2-biased immunity.201728089873
an interaction of lps and rsv infection in augmenting the ahr and airway inflammation in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children under 5 years of age, especially infants with severe bronchiolitis. our preliminary clinical experiments showed that bacterial colonization was commonly observed in children with virus-induced wheezing, particularly in those with recurrent wheezing, suggesting that bacterial colonization with an accompanying viral infection may contribute to disease severity. in most cases, rsv-in ...201728695368
respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation trends in children with haemodynamically significant heart disease, 1997-2012.the aim of the study was to evaluate the trends in respiratory syncytial virus-related hospitalisations and associated outcomes in children with haemodynamically significant heart disease in the united states of america. study design the kids' inpatient databases (1997-2012) were used to estimate the incidence of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalisation among children ⩽24 months with or without haemodynamically significant heart disease. weighted multivariable logistic regression and chi-squa ...201727161255
respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in high-risk infants and development of childhood asthma.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) lower respiratory tract infection is implicated in asthma development. rsv immunoprophylaxis during infancy is efficacious in preventing rsv-related hospitalizations and has been associated with decreased wheezing in the first years of life.201727212083
mortality due to respiratory syncytial virus. burden and risk factors.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most frequent cause of hospitalization and an important cause of death in infants in the developing world. the relative contribution of social, biologic, and clinical risk factors to rsv mortality in low-income regions is unclear.201727331632
respiratory syncytial virus subtype on1/na1/ba9 predominates in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the leading cause of acute respiratory tract disease in children less than 5 years old. the aim of this study was to further elucidate the molecular properties and clinical characteristics of rsv infection. the study sample included 238 patients <5 years old who were hospitalized with clinical symptoms of upper or lower respiratory tract infection (urti or lrti) in the pediatric department at the first people's hospital of chenzhou, south china in 2 ...201727358012
nanobodies® as inhaled biotherapeutics for lung diseases.local pulmonary delivery of biotherapeutics may offer advantages for the treatment of lung diseases. delivery of the therapeutic entity directly to the lung has the potential for a rapid onset of action, reduced systemic exposure and the need for a lower dose, as well as needleless administration. however, formulation of a protein for inhaled delivery is challenging and requires proteins with favorable biophysical properties suitable to withstand the forces associated with formulation, delivery, ...201727373507
sentinel1: an observational study of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations among u.s. infants born at 29 to 35 weeks' gestational age not receiving immunoprophylaxis.objective sentinel1 characterized u.s. preterm infants 29 to 35 weeks' gestational age (wga) < 12 months old hospitalized for laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease and not receiving rsv immunoprophylaxis during the 2014 to 2015 rsv season. study design this is a noninterventional, observational, cohort study. results a total of 702 infants were hospitalized with community-acquired rsv disease, of whom an estimated 42% were admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) and 20 ...201727233106
predictive factor for first wheezing episode.the aim of study was to evaluate various risk in patients who were hospitalized with moderate to severe virus-induced wheezing. infants hospitalized with virus-induced wheezing were enrolled in the study. respiratory viruses were detected in nasopharyngeal swab and total ige levels and skin prick tests were performed in all patients. the mean age of the patients was 11.2±9 months. the most common detected viral agents were respiratory syncytial virus, (33.6%), influenza virus (16.3.%). children ...201727186699
risk and protective factors for childhood asthma: what is the evidence?to summarize the principal findings on risk and protective factors for childhood asthma, we retrieved systematic reviews on these topics in children (aged 1 to 18 years), up to january 2016, through medline, embase, cinahl, scopus, and cdsr. a total of 227 studies were searched from databases. among those, 41 systematic reviews (srs) were included: 9 focused on prenatal factors, 5 on perinatal factors, and 27 on postnatal factors. of these 41 srs, 83% had good methodological quality, as determin ...201727286779
early life rhinovirus wheezing, allergic sensitization, and asthma risk at adolescence.early life rhinovirus (rv) wheezing illnesses and aeroallergen sensitization increase the risk of asthma at school age. whether these remain risk factors for the persistence of asthma out to adolescence is not established.201727312820
influenza-like illness-related emergency department visits: christmas and new year holiday peaks and relationships with laboratory-confirmed respiratory virus detections, edmonton, alberta, 2004-2014.emergency department (ed) visit volumes can be especially high during the christmas-new year holidays, a period occurring during the influenza season in canada.201727442911
value of multiplex pcr to determine the bacterial and viral aetiology of pneumonia in school-age children.conventional methods for the aetiological diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) are often insufficient owing to low sensitivity and the long wait for the results of culture and particularly serology, and it often these methods establish a diagnosis in only half of cases.201726750616
examination of neurological prognostic markers in patients with respiratory syncytial virus-associated encephalopathy.no biomarker has been established as a prognostic indicator of acute encephalopathy associated with various etiological factors. in this study, we examined useful prognostic biomarkers in patients with acute encephalopathy associated with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the subjects were 11 children with rsv-associated encephalopathy admitted to our hospital. we measured the levels of interleukin (il)-6, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (bdnf) and nitrogen oxide (no)x in cerebrospi ...201726732732
review of the home care programmes for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) prophylaxis in ireland and the netherlands.severe infection of infants with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of morbidity in the developed world and mortality in the developing world. prophylaxis using palivizumab in infants at risk for severe rsv disease reduces the rate of hospitalisation in this population of children. to ensure complete prophylaxis, infants must receive monthly doses over the winter season. to improve parental convenience, the synacare(®) programme was implemented in ireland and the netherlands. s ...201726924927
the influence of birth weight amongst 33-35 weeks gestational age (wga) infants on the risk of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisation: a pooled analysis.to investigate the association between birth weight and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalisation during the first year of life in 33°-35(6) weeks' gestational age (wga) infants.201726965584
comparison of intravenous palivizumab and standard of care for treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in mechanically ventilated pediatric patients.evidence suggests palivizumab may be beneficial for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in pediatric patients, although it is only approved by the us food and drug administration for rsv prophylaxis. the objective of this study is to compare outcomes among pediatric patients with rsv infection who received intravenous palivizumab and standard of care versus standard of care alone.201727199622
preventing hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus infection is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in young children. palivizumab has minimal impact on rsv hospitilization rates as it is only practical to offer it to the highest risk groups. the present statement reviews the published literature and provides updated recommendations regarding palivizumab use in children in canada.201726435673
risk of urinary tract infection in infants and children with acute bronchiolitis.to estimate the prevalence of urinary tract infection in infants and children with bronchiolitis.201726175566
adverse effects of bronchodilators in infants with bronchiolitis. 201725859174
[incidence and severity of pertussis in infants with a respiratory syncytial virus infection].pertussis is a re-emerging disease that mostly affects infants. at this age, the severity can be affected by intercurrent infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).201725459193
efficacy and safety of laggera pterodonta in children 3-24 months with acute bronchiolitis: a randomized controlled trial.laggera pterodonta, a traditional chinese medicine, has been commonly used in respiratory tract infections for more than hundreds of years without any randomized controlled trials to evaluate its efficacy and safety.201726076757
a review of the cd4+ t cell contribution to lung infection, inflammation and repair with a focus on wheeze and asthma in the pediatric population.childhood asthma and wheezing are very common, especially in those born preterm. genetic and environmental factors are associated with developing asthma and wheezing. respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections have been implicated in playing a causal role in the development of childhood asthma and wheezing, perhaps by altering the development of the immune system. several subtypes of asthma and wheezing have been described which involve different mechanisms of pathophysiology. much of ...201726280024
are we too passive in our attempts to prevent respiratory syncytial virus infection in northern canada? 201724914608
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