Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted ascending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| insurance status and the risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease in united states preterm infants born at 32-35 weeks gestational age. | background. database studies have identified that public health insurance status is associated with an increased risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in us infants. however, these studies did not adjust for the presence of other risk factors and did not evaluate the risk in preterm infants. methods. in this study, we evaluate the independent association between public insurance and severe rsv disease outcomes adjusting for other risk factors. the prospective, observational ... | 2016 | 27704018 |
| application of traditional chinese medical herbs in prevention and treatment of respiratory syncytial virus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common viral pathogen of the lower respiratory tract, which, in the absence of effective management, causes millions of cases of severe illness per year. many of these infections develop into fatal pneumonia. in a review of english and chinese medical literature, recent traditional chinese medical herb- (tcmh-) based progress in the area of prevention and treatment was identified, and the potential anti-rsv compounds, herbs, and formulas were explored. trad ... | 2016 | 27688789 |
| respiratory syncytial virus-infected mesenchymal stem cells regulate immunity via interferon beta and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been reported to infect human mesenchymal stem cells (mscs) but the consequences are poorly understood. mscs are present in nearly every organ including the nasal mucosa and the lung and play a role in regulating immune responses and mediating tissue repair. we sought to determine whether rsv infection of mscs enhances their immune regulatory functions and contributes to rsv-associated lung disease. rsv was shown to replicate in human mscs by fluorescence mi ... | 2016 | 27695127 |
| immunogenicity of rsv f dna vaccine in balb/c mice. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes severe acute lower respiratory tract disease leading to numerous hospitalizations and deaths among the infant and elderly populations worldwide. there is no vaccine or a less effective drug available against rsv infections. natural rsv infection stimulates the th1 immune response and activates the production of neutralizing antibodies, while earlier vaccine trials that used uv-inactivated rsv exacerbated the disease due to the activation of the allergic t ... | 2016 | 27688769 |
| host cytoskeleton in respiratory syncytial virus assembly and budding. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the major pathogens responsible for lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in young children, the elderly, and the immunosuppressed. currently, there are no antiviral drugs or vaccines available that effectively target rsv infections, proving a significant challenge in regards to prevention and treatment. an in-depth understanding of the host-virus interactions that underlie assembly and budding would inform new targets for antiviral development.cur ... | 2016 | 27670781 |
| palivizumab exposure and the risk of autoimmune disease: a cross-national cohort study. | treatment with biologic pharmaceuticals may be associated with an increased risk of immune-mediated disease. palivizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody designed to provide passive immunity against respiratory syncytial virus infection. palivizumab is primarily used in preterm children known to be immunologically immature. the long-term effect of palivizumab in terms of autoimmune diseases has not yet been investigated. | 2016 | 27665287 |
| respiratory rna viruses. | acute upper and lower respiratory infections are a major public health problem and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. at greatest risk are young children, the elderly, the chronically ill, and those with suppressed or compromised immune systems. viruses are the predominant cause of respiratory tract illnesses and include rna viruses such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, metapneumovirus, rhinovirus, and coronavirus. laboratory testing is req ... | 2016 | 27726802 |
| clinical predictors of critical lower respiratory tract illness due to respiratory syncytial virus in infants and children: data to inform case definitions for efficacy trials. | we analyzed data from 524 argentinean infants hospitalized with lower respiratory tract illness (lrti) due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) to inform selection of clinical end points for rsv vaccine efficacy trials. cases of lrti due to rsv that required a mask, continuous or bilevel positive airway pressure, or mechanical ventilation were classified as critical. oxygen saturation of ≤90%, tachypnea, and tachycardia were each associated with an increased odds of critical lrti due to rsv (adj ... | 2016 | 27655869 |
| association of a pai-1 gene polymorphism and early life infections with asthma risk, exacerbations, and reduced lung function. | plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (pai-1) is induced in airways by virus and may mediate asthmatic airway remodeling. we sought to evaluate if genetic variants and early life lower respiratory infections jointly affect asthma risk. | 2016 | 27556405 |
| anti-inflammatory effect of prophylactic macrolides on children with chronic lung disease: a protocol for a double-blinded randomised controlled trial. | recent studies suggest that the high mortality rate of respiratory viral infections is a result of an overactive neutrophilic inflammatory response. macrolides have anti-inflammatory properties, including the ability to downregulate the inflammatory cascade, attenuate excessive cytokine production in viral infections, and may reduce virus-related exacerbations. in this study, we will test the hypothesis that prophylactic macrolides will reduce the severity of respiratory viral illness in childre ... | 2016 | 27638496 |
| consensus conference on the appropriateness of palivizumab prophylaxis in respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory syncytial virus infection represents a clinical burden among young children under 24 months. palivizumab is the only drug licensed in italy for the prevention of serious lower respiratory tract disease requiring hospitalization caused by respiratory syncytial virus in children at high risk. however recommendations for palivizumab prophylaxis are heterogeneous. not all the published documents agree about the clinical indications of palivizumab; this could lead to different clinical pr ... | 2016 | 27618642 |
| neutrophil extracellular traps in pulmonary diseases: too much of a good thing? | neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) arise from the release of granular and nuclear contents of neutrophils in the extracellular space in response to different classes of microorganisms, soluble factors, and host molecules. nets are composed by decondensed chromatin fibers coated with antimicrobial granular and cytoplasmic proteins, such as myeloperoxidase, neutrophil elastase (ne), and α-defensins. besides being expressed on net fibers, ne and mpo also regulate net formation. furthermore, hist ... | 2016 | 27574522 |
| evolution and transmission of respiratory syncytial group a (rsv-a) viruses in guangdong, china 2008-2015. | respiratory syncytial viruses (rsvs) including subgroups a (rsv-a) and b (rsv-b) are an important cause of acute respiratory tract infections worldwide. rsv-a include major epidemic strains. fundamental questions concerning the evolution, persistence and transmission of rsv-a are critical for disease control and prevention, yet remain unanswered. in this study, we generated 64 complete g gene sequences of rsv-a strains collected between 2008 and 2015 in guangdong, china. phylogenetic analysis wa ... | 2016 | 27574518 |
| ginseng, the natural effectual antiviral: protective effects of korean red ginseng against viral infection. | korean red ginseng (krg) is a heat-processed ginseng developed by the repeated steaming and air-drying of fresh ginseng. compared with fresh ginseng, krg has been shown to possess greater pharmacological activities and stability because of changes that occur in its chemical constituents during the steaming process. in addition to anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory activities, krg and its purified components have also been shown to possess protective effects against microbial in ... | 2016 | 27746682 |
| detection of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction among hospitalized young children in iran. | acute respiratory infection plays an important role in hospitalization of children in developing countries; detection of viral causes in such infections is very important. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common etiological agent of viral lower respiratory tract infection in children, and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections among infants and children. | 2016 | 27226877 |
| etiology, seasonality, and clinical characterization of viral respiratory infections among hospitalized children in beirut, lebanon. | acute respiratory tract viral infections occur worldwide and are one of the major global burdens of diseases in children. the aim of this study was to determine the viral etiology of respiratory infections in hospitalized children, to understand the viral seasonality in a major lebanese hospital, and to correlate disease severity and the presence of virus. over a 1-year period, nasal and throat swabs were collected from 236 pediatric patients, aged 16-year old or less and hospitalized for acute ... | 2016 | 27061822 |
| similar virus spectra and seasonality in paediatric patients with acute respiratory disease, ghana and germany. | epidemiological differences between tropical and temperate regions regarding viruses causing acute respiratory infection are poorly understood. this is in part because methodological differences limit the comparability of data from these two regions. using identical molecular detection methods, we tested 1174 ghanaian and 539 german children with acute respiratory infections sampled over 12 months for the 15 most common respiratory viruses by pcr. a total 43.2% of the ghanaian and 56.6% of the g ... | 2016 | 26585774 |
| human metapneumovirus circulation in the united states, 2008 to 2014. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection causes respiratory illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. however, national hmpv seasonality, as it compares with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza seasonality patterns, has not been well described. | 2016 | 27244790 |
| chapter 11: the infant and toddler with wheezing. | recurrent wheezing is common in young infants and toddlers with 27% of all children having at least one wheezing episode by the age of 9 years. the initial wheezing episodes in young children often are linked to respiratory infections due to viral pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus. bacterial colonization of the neonatal airway also may be significant in the late development of recurrent wheeze and asthma. some 60% of children wh ... | 2016 | 22794684 |
| an investigation into respiratory tract viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection or wheezing. | this study aimed to determine the frequencies of respiratory tract viruses in patient (acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) or wheezing) and control (history of asthma without symptoms) groups. | 2016 | 27854115 |
| [detection of respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection: an analysis of 5,150 children]. | to investigate the distribution of respiratory viruses on throat swabs in hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infection (alrti). | 2016 | 26781413 |
| spatial and temporal spread of acute viral respiratory infections in young children living in high-altitude rural communities: a prospective household-based study. | few studies have described patterns of transmission of viral acute respiratory infections (ari) in children in developing countries. we examined the spatial and temporal spread of viral ari among young children in rural peruvian highland communities. previous studies have described intense social interactions in those communities, which could influence the transmission of viral infections. | 2016 | 27404599 |
| partial comparison of the nxtag respiratory pathogen panel assay with the luminex xtag respiratory panel fast assay v2 and singleplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of respiratory pathogens. | in this study, 185 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the luminex nxtag (nxtag) respiratory pathogen panel (rpp) assay with those of the luminex respiratory virus panel (rvp) fast assay v2 and singleplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the nxtag assay identified at least one infectious agent in 164 (88.7%) of the swabs. in 91 (6.2%) tests with negative results with the rvp fast assay v2, a virus was identified by the nxtag (p < 0.001). with ... | 2016 | 27401400 |
| viral respiratory infections of adults in the intensive care unit. | viral lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) are an underappreciated cause of critical illness in adults. recent advances in viral detection techniques over the past decade have demonstrated viral lrtis are associated with rates of morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization comparable to those of seen with bacterial community acquired and nosocomial pneumonias. in this review, we describe the relationship between viral lrtis and critical illness, as well as discuss relevant clinical f ... | 2016 | 25990273 |
| human metapneumovirus infection is associated with severe respiratory disease in preschool children with history of prematurity. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen of the family paramyxoviridae, the same family as that of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). premature children are at high risk of severe rsv infections, however, it is unclear whether hmpv infection is more severe in hospitalized children with a history of severe prematurity. | 2016 | 26117550 |
| a comparison of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus who-defined severe pneumonia in moroccan children. | acute respiratory infections remain the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in moroccan children. besides bacterial infections, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are prominent among other viruses due to their high prevalence and association with severe clinical episodes. we aimed to describe and compare rsv- and hmpv-associated cases of who-defined severe pneumonia in a paediatric population admitted to morocco's reference hospital. children aged 2-59 mont ... | 2016 | 26143933 |
| google flu trends in canada: a comparison of digital disease surveillance data with physician consultations and respiratory virus surveillance data, 2010-2014. | the value of google flu trends (gft) remains unclear after it overestimated the proportion of physician visits related to influenza-like illness (ili) in the united states in 2012-2013. however, gft estimates (%gft) have not been examined nationally in canada nor compared with positivity for respiratory viruses other than influenza. for 2010-2014, we compared %gft for canada to public health agency of canada ili consultation rates (%phac) and to positivity for influenza a and b, respiratory sync ... | 2016 | 26135239 |
| viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in cameroon, 2011-2013. | severe acute respiratory illness (sari) is recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. little is known, however, in tropical countries like cameroon about the cause and seasonality of respiratory infections, especially in hospitalized settings. | 2016 | 27012372 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory viral coinfections in children. | respiratory infections are a common cause of paediatric morbidity. clinical outcomes in children hospitalized with single respiratory virus infection are compared with those with two or more viral-viral coinfection. studies were restricted to those reporting on children aged less than 5 years (prospero crd#42014009133). published data to calculate risk ratios (rr) comparing children with single viral infections to coinfection using a random effects model were used. similar analyses by pathogen p ... | 2016 | 26919484 |
| predictors of hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infection in children aged <2 years in the province of quebec, canada. | young age, adverse environmental conditions and infectious agents are established risk factors of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti), whereas pneumococcal conjugate vaccines may be protective. to explore their relative role as predictors of hospitalizations under the continental climate prevailing in the province of quebec, canada, an ecological study was performed. records with a main diagnosis of lrti in children born during 2007-2010 and observed up to their second-year anniversary were ... | 2016 | 26381086 |
| temporal trends and factors associated with pediatric hospitalizations with respiratory infection. | asthma is the leading cause of emergency room visits in children, and those with asthma tend to suffer from more severe consequences of respiratory tract infections. the aims of this study were among children who required hospitalization, compare differences between those admitted with or without respiratory infection, describe changes in yearly proportion of asthma among the children admitted with a respiratory infection in new york city from 2006 to 2012 and ascertain how asthma affected the a ... | 2016 | 26364908 |
| engineering, structure and immunogenicity of the human metapneumovirus f protein in the postfusion conformation. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus that is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children less than five years of age. the hmpv fusion (f) glycoprotein is the primary target of neutralizing antibodies and is thus a critical vaccine antigen. to facilitate structure-based vaccine design, we stabilized the ectodomain of the hmpv f protein in the postfusion conformation and determined its structure to a resolution of 3.3 å by x-ray crystallography. the structure resembles an ... | 2016 | 27611367 |
| therapeutic potential of n-acetylcysteine for wound healing, acute bronchiolitis, and congenital heart defects. | wound healing is a composite and vital process in which devitalized tissue layers and cellular structures repair themselves. bronchiolitis is generally prompted by respiratory syncytial virus or human metapneumovirus; this condition is an acute inflammatory injury of bronchioles. heart problems that develop before birth are known as congenital heart defects (chds), and pregestational diabetes is considered a major predisposing factor of chds. n-acetylcysteine (nac) is a transformed kind of amino ... | 2016 | 26651980 |
| sendai virus as a backbone for vaccines against rsv and other human paramyxoviruses. | human paramyxoviruses are the etiological agents for life-threatening respiratory virus infections of infants and young children. these viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the human parainfluenza viruses (hpiv1-4) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv), are responsible for millions of serious lower respiratory tract infections each year worldwide. there are currently no standard treatments and no licensed vaccines for any of these pathogens. here we review research with which sendai ... | 2016 | 26648515 |
| a nationwide survey of common viral infections in childhood among patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. | patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (pid) are highly susceptible to various microorganisms. however, no population-based studies have been performed among common viral pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rotavirus (rv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and influenza virus (iv). the objective of this study was to reveal the clinical burden of these four infections among pid patients in japan. | 2016 | 27498293 |
| an overview of infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | infections are the most common and significant cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct). the presence of neutropenia and mucosal damage are the leading risk factors in the early pre-engraftment phase. in the early post-engraftment phase, graft versus host disease (gvhd) induced infection risk is increased in addition to catheter related infections. in the late phase, in which reconstitution of cellular and humoral immunity continues, a ... | 2016 | 27344206 |
| human coronaviruses in severe acute respiratory infection (sari) cases in southwest india. | acute viral respiratory infections (avri) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups globally. except for influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, mostly viral aetiology of avri remains undiagnosed. lately, human coronaviruses (hcovs) have emerged as an important aetiology of avri. a laboratory based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in which respiratory samples (throat swabs) of patients (n = 864), with influenza negative sari, of all age groups ... | 2016 | 26512711 |
| the role of influenza, rsv and other common respiratory viruses in severe acute respiratory infections and influenza-like illness in a population with a high hiv sero-prevalence, south africa 2012-2015. | viruses detected in patients with acute respiratory infections may be the cause of illness or asymptomatic shedding. | 2016 | 26741826 |
| a structural and mathematical modeling analysis of the likelihood of antibody-dependent enhancement in influenza. | broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnabs) for viral infections, such as hiv, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and influenza, are increasingly entering clinical development. for influenza, most neutralizing antibodies target influenza virus hemagglutinin. these bnabs represent an emerging, promising modality for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza due to their multiple mechanisms of antiviral action and generally safe profile. preclinical work in other viral diseases, such as dengue ... | 2016 | 27751627 |
| respiratory virus-associated severe acute respiratory illness and viral clustering in malawian children in a setting with a high prevalence of hiv infection, malaria, and malnutrition. | we used data from 4 years of pediatric severe acute respiratory illness (sari) sentinel surveillance in blantyre, malawi, to identify factors associated with clinical severity and coviral clustering. | 2016 | 27630199 |
| a celebration of the life and work of caroline breese hall, md. | 2016 | 26908498 | |
| thermoresponsive polymer nanoparticles co-deliver rsv f trimers with a tlr-7/8 adjuvant. | structure-based vaccine design has been used to develop immunogens that display conserved neutralization sites on pathogens such as hiv-1, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and influenza. improving the immunogenicity of these designed immunogens with adjuvants will require formulations that do not alter protein antigenicity. here, we show that nanoparticle-forming thermoresponsive polymers (trp) allow for co-delivery of rsv fusion (f) protein trimers with toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonists (tl ... | 2016 | 27583777 |
| epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in hiv-exposed uninfected infants. | increased morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) has been suggested in hiv-exposed uninfected (heu) children; however, the contribution of respiratory viruses is unclear. we studied the epidemiology of lrti hospitalization in hiv-unexposed uninfected (huu) and heu infants aged <6 months in south africa. | 2016 | 27025960 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory infections due to adenovirus in children living in milan, italy, during 2013 and 2014. | to evaluate the predominant human adenovirus (hadv) species and types associated with pediatric respiratory infections, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from otherwise healthy children attending an emergency room in milan, italy, due to a respiratory tract infection from january 1 to february 28 of two subsequent years, 2013 and 2014. the hadvs were detected using a respiratory virus panel fast assay (xtag rvp fast v2) and with a hadv-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction; their nucleo ... | 2016 | 27045588 |
| maternal immunization: optimizing protection for the mother and infant. | immunizing the pregnant woman to protect both the mother and her infant from infection has been utilized increasingly over the last decade. new outbreaks of pandemic influenza and the resurgence of pertussis have resulted in policy changes and shifts in health authority recommendations for a number of vaccines aimed to protect both pregnant women and their infants in the first months of life. the ability of maternal immunoglobulin igg antibodies to be transported readily across the healthy intac ... | 2016 | 27233120 |
| severity of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection with viral coinfection in hiv-uninfected children. | molecular diagnostics enable sensitive detection of respiratory viruses, but their clinical significance remains unclear in pediatric lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). we aimed to determine whether viral coinfections increased life-threatening disease in a large cohort. | 2016 | 27927871 |
| clinical characterisation and phylogeny of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalised children at red cross war memorial children's hospital, cape town. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children in both the community and hospital setting. | 2016 | 27246848 |
| ending preventable maternal and newborn deaths due to infection. | over 300,000 maternal deaths occur each year, 11% of which are thought to be due to infectious causes, and approximately one million newborns die within the first week of life annually due to infectious causes. infections in pregnancy may result in a variety of adverse obstetrical outcomes, including preterm delivery, pre-labor rupture of membranes, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, congenital infection, and anomalies. this paper reviews the burden of disease due to key infections and their cont ... | 2016 | 27450868 |
| acute myopericarditis caused by human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus is known to be similar to respiratory syncytial virus. because of an incomplete protective immune response to new genotypes, re-infection occurs frequently, especially in the elderly. however, the clinical manifestations of human metapneumovirus need to be further characterized in adults. a 73-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with acute dyspnea, chest discomfort and influenza-like illness. the patient was diagnosed with human metapneumovirus infection, complic ... | 2016 | 27104014 |
| [phylogenetic variability of human metapneumovirus strains circulating in turkey during two consecutive epidemic seasons]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), classified in paramyxoviridae family, phylogenetically consists of two major groups namely a and b, with genetic lineages of a1, a2 (comprises of sublineages a2a and a2b) and b1, b2. although detailed evaluation on phylogenetic analysis of hmpv has been described in other countries, there are no data from turkey on this subject. the aim of this study was to demonstrate for the first time, the phylogenetic diversity of hmpv strains circulating in turkey during two co ... | 2016 | 27058330 |
| etiology and clinical characteristics of single and multiple respiratory virus infections diagnosed in croatian children in two respiratory seasons. | the aim of this study was to determine the causative agent of acute respiratory infection (ari) in hospitalized children, as well as investigate the characteristics of aris with single and multiple virus detection in two respiratory seasons. in 2010 and 2015, nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal swabs from a total of 134 children, admitted to the hospital due to ari, were tested using multiplex pcr. viral etiology was established in 81.3% of the patients. coinfection with two viruses was diagnosed in 2 ... | 2016 | 27656298 |
| multiple strategies reveal a bidentate interaction between the nipah virus attachment and fusion glycoproteins. | the paramyxoviral family contains many medically important viruses, including measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza viruses, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and the deadly zoonotic henipaviruses hendra and nipah virus (niv). to both enter host cells and spread from cell to cell within infected hosts, the vast majority of paramyxoviruses utilize two viral envelope glycoproteins: the attachment glycoprotein (g, h, or hemagglutinin-neuraminidase [hn]) and the fusion glycopro ... | 2016 | 27654290 |
| [respiratory viruses in pediatrics: what's new?]. | molecular diagnostic tests have greatly increased our knowledge regarding the contribution of respiratory viruses in respiratory illnesses in children, mainly lower respiratory tract infections. respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus (rv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are predominant viral agents identified in children. notwithstanding the importance of respiratory viruses in children, treatment and prophylactic options remain limited. these include palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody prophyl ... | 2016 | 27039461 |
| codetection of respiratory syncytial virus in habituated wild western lowland gorillas and humans during a respiratory disease outbreak. | pneumoviruses have been identified as causative agents in several respiratory disease outbreaks in habituated wild great apes. based on phylogenetic evidence, transmission from humans is likely. however, the pathogens have never been detected in the local human population prior to or at the same time as an outbreak. here, we report the first simultaneous detection of a human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) infection in western lowland gorillas (gorilla gorilla gorilla) and in the local human ... | 2016 | 27436109 |
| human metapneumovirus epidemiological and evolutionary patterns in coastal kenya, 2007-11. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important global cause of severe acute respiratory infections in young children and the elderly. the epidemiology of hmpv in sub-saharan africa is poorly described and factors that allow its recurrent epidemics in communities not understood. | 2016 | 27316548 |
| human metapneumovirus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and hematologic malignancy patients: a systematic review. | over the past decade, reported incidence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has increased owing to the use of molecular assays for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in cancer patients. the seasonality of these infections, differences in sampling strategies across institutions, and small sample size of published studies make it difficult to appreciate the true incidence and impact of hmpv infections. in this systematic review, we summarized the published data on hmpv infections in hematopoie ... | 2016 | 27260872 |
| a chimeric pneumovirus fusion protein carrying neutralizing epitopes of both mpv and rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are paramyxoviruses that are responsible for substantial human health burden, particularly in children and the elderly. the fusion (f) glycoproteins are major targets of the neutralizing antibody response and studies have mapped dominant antigenic sites in f. here we grafted a major neutralizing site of rsv f, recognized by the prophylactic monoclonal antibody palivizumab, onto hmpv f, generating a chimeric protein displaying epi ... | 2016 | 27224013 |
| coinfections of the respiratory tract: viral competition for resources. | studies have shown that simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract with at least two viruses is common in hospitalized patients, although it is not clear whether these infections are more or less severe than single virus infections. we use a mathematical model to study the dynamics of viral coinfection of the respiratory tract in an effort to understand the kinetics of these infections. specifically, we use our model to investigate coinfections of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhi ... | 2016 | 27196110 |
| viral etiology of medically attended influenza-like illnesses in children less than five years old in suzhou, china, 2011-2014. | limited information is available on the non-influenza etiology and epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ili) in china. from april 2011 to march 2014, we collected oropharyngeal swabs from children less than 5 years of age with symptoms of ili who presented to the outpatient departments of suzhou university affiliated children's hospital (sch). we used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or pcr to detect 11 respiratory viruses. among 3,662 enrolled ili patients, 1,292 (35. ... | 2016 | 26792409 |
| prevalence of human metapneumovirus infection among patients with influenza-like illness: report from a tertiary care centre, southern india. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), discovered in the 21st century, has emerged as an important cause of influenza-like illness in children and adults causing mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis and community-associated pneumonia. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hmpv in the union territory of puducherry, india, as part of national influenza surveillance programme. | 2016 | 26776115 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of alphavirus-derived replicon vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in nonhuman primates. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of illness among children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. no vaccine has been licensed for protection against either of these viruses. we tested the ability of two venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based viral replicon particle (vee-vrp) vaccines that express the hrsv or hmpv fusion (f) protein to confer protection against hrsv or hmpv in african green monkeys. animals immunized with vee-vrp va ... | 2016 | 26772634 |
| pediatric asthma and viral infection. | respiratory viral infections, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus, are the most importance risk factors for the onset of wheezing in infants and small children. bronchiolitis is the most common acute respiratory infection in children under 1year of age, and the most common cause of hospitalization in this age group. rsv accounts for approximately 70% of all these cases, followed by rhinovirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and bocavirus. the association between bronchioli ... | 2016 | 26766408 |
| comprehensive real-time epidemiological data from respiratory infections in finland between 2010 and 2014 obtained from an automated and multianalyte maripoc® respiratory pathogen test. | respiratory viruses cause seasonal epidemics every year. several respiratory pathogens are circulating simultaneously and typical symptoms of different respiratory infections are alike, meaning it is challenging to identify and diagnose different respiratory pathogens based on symptoms alone. maripoc® is an automated, multianalyte antigen test which allows the rapid detection of nine respiratory infection pathogens [influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovi ... | 2016 | 26740322 |
| albuterol use in children hospitalized with human metapneumovirus respiratory infection. | introduction. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus from the same subfamily as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and causes similar acute lower respiratory tract infection. albuterol in the setting of acute rsv infection is controversial and has not yet been studied in hmpv. we sought to determine the frequency of albuterol use in hmpv infection and the association between albuterol administration and patient outcomes. methods. we conducted a retrospective cohort study identifying all ... | 2016 | 26925109 |
| prevalence of rhinovirus in wheezing children: a comparison with respiratory syncytial virus wheezing. | to explore the distribution and clinical manifestations of rhinovirus infection in wheezing children, and compare the clinical differences between rhinovirus- and respiratory syncytial virus-induced wheezing. | 2016 | 26859065 |
| respiratory viruses associated hospitalization among children aged <5 years in bangladesh: 2010-2014. | we combined hospital-based surveillance and health utilization survey data to estimate the incidence of respiratory viral infections associated hospitalization among children aged < 5 years in bangladesh. | 2016 | 26840782 |
| paramyxovirus infection: mortality and morbidity in a pediatric intensive care unit. | we investigated mortality and morbidity of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu) with paramyxovirus infection. | 2016 | 27037248 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in severe lower respiratory tract infections in children under two. | viruses are the most important causative agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrtis), ranked as the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of hospitalization in children. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are among the commonest viral causes of severe alrti. in this study, we aimed to study the burden of both rsv and hmpv in causing severe alrti in children younger than two years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (p ... | 2016 | 27031461 |
| novel respiratory syncytial virus-like particle vaccine composed of the postfusion and prefusion conformations of the f glycoprotein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and children and represents an important global health burden for the elderly and the immunocompromised. despite decades of research efforts, no licensed vaccine for rsv is available. we have developed virus-like particle (vlp)-based rsv vaccines assembled with the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) matrix protein (m) as the structural scaffold and the rsv fusion glycoprotein (f) in either the postfusion or ... | 2016 | 27030590 |
| what we have learned from the influenza a ph1n1 2009/10 pandemic: high clinical impact of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized pediatric patients. | the influenza pandemic in 2009/2010 shifted public awareness to respiratory tract infections caused by the influenza virus. a prospective study was conducted during the influenza pandemic from november 2009 through april 2010 to determine the causative pathogens and clinical symptoms present in all children and adolescents admitted to the university children's hospital, duesseldorf, germany, with signs and symptoms of respiratory tract infection. a total of 272 children and adolescents were admi ... | 2016 | 25971322 |
| pathogen profiles and molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses in japanese inpatients with community-acquired pneumonia. | the etiological profile of viruses among adult patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) has not been characterized yet. the aim of this study was twofold: first, investigate the pathogen profiles and the molecular epidemiology of respiratory viruses among japanese cap patients; and second, explore the clinical significance of viral infections. | 2016 | 27424825 |
| respiratory viral detection in children and adults: comparing asymptomatic controls and patients with community-acquired pneumonia. | the clinical significance of viruses detected in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) is often unclear. | 2016 | 26180044 |
| human metapneumovirus in the preterm neonate: current perspectives. | premature birth (<37 weeks gestation) occurs in ~11% of all births in the us. these infants are at risk of chronic lung disease and respiratory conditions, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia. respiratory viruses are important causes of acute respiratory illness (ari) in preterm infants, leading to rehospitalization, increased health care burden, and long-term morbidity. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus discovered in 2001 that is related to respiratory syncytial virus. epidemiolo ... | 2016 | 27891060 |
| viral respiratory infections in a nursing home: a six-month prospective study. | the knowledge on viral respiratory infections in nursing home (nh) residents and their caregivers is limited. the purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ari) in nursing home (nh) residents and staff, to identify viruses involved in ari and to correlate viral etiology with clinical manifestations of ari. | 2016 | 27814689 |
| community acquired respiratory virus infections in cancer patients-guideline on diagnosis and management by the infectious diseases working party of the german society for haematology and medical oncology. | community acquired viruses (crvs) may cause severe disease in cancer patients. thus, efforts should be made to diagnose crv rapidly and manage crv infections accordingly. | 2016 | 27681877 |
| spirometry filters can be used to detect exhaled respiratory viruses. | respiratory viruses are very common in the community and contribute to the burden of illness for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including acute exacerbations. traditional sampling methods are invasive and problematic to repeat. accordingly, we explored whether respiratory viruses could be isolated from disposable spirometry filters and whether detection of viruses in this context represented presence in the upper or lower respiratory tract. discovery (n = 53) and validation (n = ... | 2016 | 27669334 |
| development of a multiplex rt-pcr for simultaneous diagnosis of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) from clinical specimens. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) are ubiquitous respiratory viral pathogens. they belong to the family paramyxoviridae (subfamily pneumovirinae) and is responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. we designed and tested a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) as a cost-effective alternative to real-time pcr and cell culture based detection for hmpv and hrsv. the newly ... | 2016 | 28004017 |
| new vaccines for the world's poorest people. | the 2000 millennium development goals helped stimulate the development of life-saving childhood vaccines for pneumococcal and rotavirus infections while greatly expanding coverage of existing vaccines. however, there remains an urgent need to develop new vaccines for hiv/aids, malaria, and tuberculosis, as well as for respiratory syncytial virus and those chronic and debilitating (mostly parasitic) infections known as neglected tropical diseases (ntds). the ntds represent the most common disease ... | 2016 | 26356803 |
| maternal vitamin d supplementation during pregnancy and lactation to prevent acute respiratory infections in infancy in dhaka, bangladesh (mdari trial): protocol for a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized controlled trial. | early infancy is a high-risk period for severe acute respiratory infection (ari), particularly in low-income countries with resource-limited health systems. lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) is commonly preceded by upper respiratory infection (urti), and often caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), influenza and other common community-acquired viral pathogens. vitamin d status is a candidate modifiable early-life determinant of the host antiviral immune response and thus may influen ... | 2016 | 27737646 |
| respiratory viral infections and coinfections in children with cancer, fever and neutropenia: clinical outcome of infections caused by different respiratory viruses. | respiratory viral infections in episodes of fever and neutropenia (fn) in children with cancer are not well characterized. we compared the clinical outcome of infections caused by different respiratory viruses (rvs) and by rv coinfection in this population. | 2016 | 27518750 |
| aberrant t cell immunity triggered by human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are the two major etiological viral agents of lower respiratory tract diseases, affecting mainly infants, young children and the elderly. although the infection of both viruses trigger an antiviral immune response that mediate viral clearance and disease resolution in immunocompetent individuals, the promotion of long-term immunity appears to be deficient and reinfection are common throughout life. a possible explanation f ... | 2016 | 27911218 |
| viral pathogens among elderly people with acute respiratory infections in shanghai, china: preliminary results from a laboratory-based surveillance, 2012-2015. | acute respiratory infections (aris), with viral pathogens as the major contributors, are the most common illnesses worldwide, and increase the morbidity and mortality among the elderly population. the clinical and pathological features of elderly people with aris need to be identified for disease intervention. from january 1(st) , 2012 through december 31(st) , 2015, respiratory specimens from patients above 60 years old with aris were collected from the outpatient and inpatient settings of six ... | 2016 | 27943329 |
| rapid profiling of rsv antibody repertoires from the memory b cells of naturally infected adult donors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in young children and the elderly. there are currently no licensed rsv vaccines, and passive prophylaxis with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab is restricted to high-risk infants in part due to its modest efficacy. although it is widely agreed that an effective rsv vaccine will require the induction of a potent neutralizing antibody response against the rsv fusion (f) glycoprotein, little is known about the specificit ... | 2016 | 28111638 |
| metapneumovirus infections and respiratory complications. | acute respiratory tract infections (artis) are the most common illnesses experienced by people of all ages worldwide. in 2001, a new respiratory pathogen called human metapneumovirus (hmpv) was identified in respiratory secretions. hmpv is an rna virus of the paramyxoviridae family, and it has been isolated on every continent and from individuals of all ages. hmpv causes 7 to 19% of all cases of artis in both hospitalized and outpatient children, and the rate of detection in adults is approximat ... | 2016 | 27486733 |
| packaging and prefusion stabilization separately and additively increase the quantity and quality of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-neutralizing antibodies induced by an rsv fusion protein expressed by a parainfluenza virus vector. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hpiv3) are major pediatric respiratory pathogens that lack vaccines. a chimeric bovine/human piv3 (rb/hpiv3) virus expressing the unmodified, wild-type (wt) rsv fusion (f) protein from an added gene was previously evaluated in seronegative children as a bivalent intranasal rsv/hpiv3 vaccine, and it was well tolerated but insufficiently immunogenic for rsv f. we recently showed that rb/hpiv3 expressing a partially stabi ... | 2016 | 27581977 |
| peptide presentation on primate erythroparvovirus 1 virus-like particles: in vitro assembly, stability and immunological properties. | virus-like particles (vlps) have demonstrated to be valuable scaffolds for the display of heterologous peptides for vaccine development and other specific interactions. vlps of primate erythroparvovirus 1, generally referred as parvovirus b19 (b19v), have already been produced in-vivo and in-vitro from the recombinant vp2 protein of this virus. in this study, chimeric forms of b19v vp2 were constructed, and their ability to assemble into vlps was evaluated. chimeras were composed of the vp2 prot ... | 2016 | 27523978 |
| design and validation of small interfering rna on respiratory syncytial virus m2-2 gene: a potential approach in rna interference on viral replication. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children globally and is a significant pathogen of the elderly and immunocompromised. the m2-2 protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is particularly important in regulation of viral rna transcription and replication that could be a potential anti-viral candidate against rsv infection. in this study, we designed and validated sirnas that specifically target the rsv ... | 2016 | 27432115 |
| autophagy, tgf-β, and smad-2/3 signaling regulates interferon-β response in respiratory syncytial virus infected macrophages. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a lung tropic virus causing severe airway diseases including bronchiolitis and pneumonia among infants, children, and immuno-compromised individuals. rsv triggers transforming growth factor-β (tgf-β) production from lung epithelial cells and tgf-β facilitates rsv infection of these cells. however, it is still unknown whether rsv infected myeloid cells like macrophages produce tgf-β and the role of tgf-β if any during rsv infection of these cells. our st ... | 2016 | 28018859 |
| differences in viral load among human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes in hospitalized children with severe acute respiratory infections in the philippines. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a leading viral etiologic agent of pediatric lower respiratory infections, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. two antigenic subgroups, hrsv-a and b, each contain several genotypes. while viral load may vary among hrsv genotypes and affect the clinical course of disease, data are scarce regarding the actual differences among genotypes. therefore, this study estimated and compared viral load among na1 and on1 genotypes of hrsv-a and ba9 of hrsv-b. on ... | 2016 | 27350282 |
| a molecular epidemiological study of human respiratory syncytial virus in croatia, 2011-2014. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) causes common respiratory tract infections in infants, young children and the elderly. the diversity of hrsv strains circulating in croatia was investigated throughout a period of four consecutive years from march 2011-march 2014. the analysis was based on sequences from the second hypervariable region of the g gene. a predominance of hrsv group a was observed in the first three years of the study, while group b became slightly predominant during the firs ... | 2016 | 27340014 |
| epidemiology and molecular characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus in senegal after four consecutive years of surveillance, 2012-2015. | the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection remains poorly defined in africa. to address this, we carried out a descriptive and retrospective pilot study, with a focus on the epidemiology of rsv in senegal after 4 years of surveillance. | 2016 | 27315120 |
| ferrets as a novel animal model for studying human respiratory syncytial virus infections in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is an important cause of severe respiratory tract disease in immunocompromised patients. animal models are indispensable for evaluating novel intervention strategies in this complex patient population. to complement existing models in rodents and non-human primates, we have evaluated the potential benefits of an hrsv infection model in ferrets (mustela putorius furo). nine- to 12-month-old hrsv-seronegative immunocompetent or immunocompromised ferrets wer ... | 2016 | 27314379 |
| pneumovirus-induced lung disease in mice is independent of neutrophil-driven inflammation. | the human pneumovirus respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common pathogen causing lower respiratory tract disease in young children worldwide. a hallmark of severe human rsv infection is the strong neutrophil recruitment to the airways and lungs. massive neutrophil activation has been proven detrimental in numerous diseases, yet in rsv the contribution of neutrophils to disease severity, and thereby, the relevance of targeting them, is largely unknown. to determine the relevance of pot ... | 2016 | 28005954 |
| human respiratory syncytial virus: an introduction. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is understood to be a significant human pathogen in infants, young children, and the elderly and the immunocompromised. over the last decade many important mechanisms contributing to rsv infection, replication, and disease pathogenesis have been revealed; however, there is still insufficient knowledge which has in part hampered vaccine development. considerable information is accumulating regarding how rsv proteins modulate molecular signaling and immune r ... | 2016 | 27464683 |
| dna vaccine encoding central conserved region of g protein induces th1 predominant immune response and protection from rsv infection in mice. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause serious infection in the lower respiratory tract, especially in infants, young children, the elderly and the immunocompromised population worldwide. previous study demonstrated the polypeptide (amino acids 148-198) of rsv attachment (g) glycoprotein, corresponding to the central conserved region and encompassing cx3c chemokine motif, could induce antibodies and protection from rsv challenge in mice [1,2]. in this study, we evaluated the immune ef ... | 2016 | 27688078 |
| structural basis for nonneutralizing antibody competition at antigenic site ii of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein. | palivizumab was the first antiviral monoclonal antibody (mab) approved for therapeutic use in humans, and remains a prophylactic treatment for infants at risk for severe disease because of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). palivizumab is an engineered humanized version of a murine mab targeting antigenic site ii of the rsv fusion (f) protein, a key target in vaccine development. there are limited reported naturally occurring human mabs to site ii; therefore, the structural basis for human antib ... | 2016 | 27791117 |
| mouse and cotton rat models of human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a common respiratory virus that is usually no cause for alarm. symptoms of hrsv usually resemble those of the common cold and can go undiagnosed. however, infants as well as the elderly are at risk for developing severe cases, which can lead to high morbidity and mortality rates especially if there are underlying health issues. despite many years of effort, no vaccine or specific treatments exist and rsv is still the leading cause of infant hospitaliza ... | 2016 | 27464697 |
| in vitro modeling of rsv infection and cytopathogenesis in well-differentiated human primary airway epithelial cells (wd-paecs). | the choice of model used to study human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is extremely important. rsv is a human pathogen that is exquisitely adapted to infection of human hosts. rodent models, such as mice and cotton rats, are semi-permissive to rsv infection and do not faithfully reproduce hallmarks of rsv disease in humans. furthermore, immortalized airway-derived cell lines, such as hep-2, beas-2b, and a549 cells, are poorly representative of the complexity of the respiratory epith ... | 2016 | 27464691 |
| [potential neurocognitive consequences of infection by human respiratory syncytial virus]. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection remains as a major cause of morbidity and mortality among pediatric population. immune response is poor and unable to establish a long term effective protection against this virus. of particular interest has been the description of extrapulmonary manifestations of rsv infection in liver, kidney, endocrine system, heart and brain, associated to infection of peripheral blood. in the central nervous system (cns), recent studies in animals have sugge ... | 2016 | 28112337 |
| the respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein, matrix protein, and fusion protein carboxy-terminal domain drive efficient filamentous virus-like particle formation. | virus-like particles (vlps) are attractive as a vaccine concept. for human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv), vlp assembly is poorly understood and appears inefficient. hence, hrsv antigens are often incorporated into foreign vlp systems to generate anti-rsv vaccine candidates. to better understand the assembly, and ultimately to enable efficient production, of authentic hrsv vlps, we examined the associated requirements and mechanisms. in a previous analysis in hep-2 cells, the nucleoprotein ( ... | 2016 | 27654298 |