Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
|---|
| neutrophil extracellular traps cause airway obstruction during respiratory syncytial virus disease. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease (lrtd) in young children worldwide. extensive neutrophil accumulation in the lungs and occlusion of small airways by dna-rich mucus plugs are characteristic features of severe rsv-lrtd. activated neutrophils can release neutrophil extracellular traps (nets), extracellular networks of dna covered with antimicrobial proteins, as part of the first-line defence against pathogens. nets can tr ... | 2016 | 26468056 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus and bovine coronavirus antibodies in bulk tank milk - risk factors and spatial analysis. | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and bovine coronavirus (bcov) are considered widespread among cattle in norway and worldwide. this cross-sectional study was conducted based on antibody-elisa of bulk tank milk (btm) from 1347 herds in two neighboring counties in western norway. the study aims were to determine the seroprevalence at herd level, to evaluate risk factors for brsv and bcov seropositivity, and to assess how these factors were associated with the spatial distribution of posit ... | 2016 | 27720029 |
| dexamethasone treatment differentially alters viral shedding and the antibody and acute phase protein response after multivalent respiratory vaccination in beef steers. | our objective was to examine immunosuppression induced by dexamethasone (dex) administration in cattle on immunological responses to a multivalent respiratory vaccine containing replicating and nonreplicating agents. steers ( = 32; 209 ± 8 kg) seronegative to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (ibrv), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v) were stratified by bw and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments: 1) acute immun ... | 2016 | 27695816 |
| effects of injectable trace minerals on humoral and cell-mediated immune responses to bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine herpes virus 1 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus following administration of a modified-live virus vaccine in dairy calves. | our objective was to evaluate the effect of an injectable trace mineral (itm) supplement containing zinc, manganese, selenium, and copper on the humoral and cell mediated immune (cmi) responses to vaccine antigens in dairy calves receiving a modified-live viral (mlv) vaccine containing bvdv, bhv1, pi3v and brsv. a total of 30 dairy calves (3.5 months of age) were administered a priming dose of the mlv vaccine containing bhv1, bvdv1 & 2, brsv, pi3v, and an attenuated-live mannheimia-pasteurella b ... | 2016 | 27496747 |
| efficacy of intranasal vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1 for protection of seronegative and seropositive calves against respiratory disease. | objective to evaluate efficacy and duration of immunity of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) fraction of a trivalent vaccine also containing parainfluenza virus-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus fractions administered intranasally (in) for protection of calves against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr). design controlled challenge study. animals 120 dairy calves (3 to 8 days old) seronegative for antibody against bhv-1 (experiments 1 and 2) or seropositive for maternally derived ... | 2016 | 27172345 |
| metagenomic characterization of the virome associated with bovine respiratory disease in feedlot cattle identified novel viruses and suggests an etiologic role for influenza d virus. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most costly disease affecting the cattle industry. the pathogenesis of brd is complex and includes contributions from microbial pathogens as well as host, environmental and animal management factors. in this study, we utilized viral metagenomic sequencing to explore the virome of nasal swab samples obtained from feedlot cattle with acute brd and asymptomatic pen-mates at six and four feedlots in mexico and the usa, respectively, in april-october 2015. twen ... | 2016 | 27154756 |
| detection and characterization of viruses as field and vaccine strains in feedlot cattle with bovine respiratory disease. | this study investigated viruses in bovine respiratory disease (brd) cases in feedlots, including bovine herpesvirus-1 (bohv-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine coronaviruses (bocv) and parainfluenza-3 virus (pi3v). nasal swabs were collected from 114 cattle on initial brd treatment. processing included modified live virus (mlv) vaccination. seven brd necropsy cases were included for 121 total cases. mean number of days on feed before first sa ... | 2016 | 27108192 |
| associations between exposure to viruses and bovine respiratory disease in australian feedlot cattle. | bovine respiratory disease (brd) is the most important cause of clinical disease and death in feedlot cattle. respiratory viral infections are key components in predisposing cattle to the development of this disease. to quantify the contribution of four viruses commonly associated with brd, a case-control study was conducted nested within the national bovine respiratory disease initiative project population in australian feedlot cattle. effects of exposure to bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (bvdv ... | 2016 | 26972273 |
| one year duration of immunity of the modified live bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 and bovine herpesvirus-1 fractions of vista® once sq vaccine. | three studies were performed to determine the duration of immunity of the bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 and type 2 (bvdv-1 and bvdv-2) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) fractions of a commercially prepared modified-live vaccine. vista® once sq (vista®) vaccine contains five modified-live viruses, bvdv-1, bvdv-2, bhv-1, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and bovine parainfluenza 3 virus, and two modified-live bacteria, pasteurella multocida and mannheimia haemolytica. for all three studies, ... | 2016 | 26859238 |
| efficacy of four commercially available multivalent modified-live virus vaccines against clinical disease, viremia, and viral shedding in early-weaned beef calves exposed simultaneously to cattle persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and cattle acutely infected with bovine herpesvirus 1. | to evaluate the efficacy of 4 commercially available multivalent modified-live virus vaccines against clinical disease, viremia, and viral shedding caused by bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (bhv1) in early-weaned beef calves. | 2016 | 26709942 |
| [a case of bronchiolitis obliterans secondary to human metapneumovirus bronchiolitis]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), formerly classified in paramyxoviridae family is now moved into pneumoviridae, which was described as a novel family. it causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections (lrtis) usually in children younger than five years old. the recent epidemiological studies indicated that hmpv is the second most frequently detected virus in lrtis of young children, following the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). bronchiolitis obliterans (bo) is a chronic obstructive lung dis ... | 2016 | 28124966 |
| comparison of point-of-care-compatible lysis methods for bacteria and viruses. | nucleic acid sample preparation has been an especially challenging barrier to point-of-care nucleic acid amplification tests in low-resource settings. here we provide a head-to-head comparison of methods for lysis of, and nucleic acid release from, several pathogenic bacteria and viruses-methods that are adaptable to point-of-care usage in low-resource settings. digestion with achromopeptidase, a mixture of proteases and peptidoglycan-specific hydrolases, followed by thermal deactivation in a bo ... | 2016 | 27424294 |
| aetiology of childhood pneumonia in a well vaccinated south african birth cohort: a nested case-control study of the drakenstein child health study. | pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in children globally. the cause of pneumonia after introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv13) has not been well studied in low-income and middle-income countries, and most data are from cross-sectional studies of children admitted to hospital. we aimed to longitudinally investigate the incidence and causes of childhood pneumonia in a south african birth cohort. | 2016 | 27117547 |
| absence of bordetella pertussis among infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis in finland, 2008-2010. | in 169 finnish infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis at age <6 months in 2008-2010, nasopharyngeal aspirates were tested by polymerase chain reaction for bordetella pertussis and 16 viruses. respiratory viruses were detected in 89% (71% with respiratory syncytial virus), but no infant had b. pertussis. the latter finding may reflect a positive effect from the broadening of the finnish pertussis vaccination program in 2005. | 2016 | 26551447 |
| urine metabolomic profiling of children with respiratory tract infections in the emergency department: a pilot study. | clinicians lack objective tests to help determine the severity of bronchiolitis or to distinguish a viral from bacterial causes of respiratory distress. we hypothesized that children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection would have a different metabolomic profile compared to those with bacterial infection or healthy controls, and this might also vary with bronchiolitis severity. | 2016 | 27549246 |
| anti-infectious human vaccination in historical perspective. | a brief history of vaccination is presented since the jenner's observation, through the first golden age of vaccinology (from pasteur's era to 1938), the second golden age (from 1940 to 1970), until the current period. in the first golden age, live, such as bacille calmette guérin (bcg), and yellow fever, inactivated, such as typhoid, cholera, plague, and influenza, and subunit vaccines, such as tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, have been developed. in the second golden age, the cell culture techn ... | 2016 | 26606466 |
| phosphorylation of human metapneumovirus m2-1 protein upregulates viral replication and pathogenesis. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a major causative agent of upper- and lower-respiratory-tract infections in infants, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals worldwide. like all pneumoviruses, hmpv encodes the zinc binding protein m2-1, which plays important regulatory roles in rna synthesis. the m2-1 protein is phosphorylated, but the specific role(s) of the phosphorylation in viral replication and pathogenesis remains unknown. in this study, we found that hmpv m2-1 is phosphorylated at a ... | 2016 | 27252537 |
| antiviral activity of favipiravir (t-705) against a broad range of paramyxoviruses in vitro and against human metapneumovirus in hamsters. | the clinical impact of infections with respiratory viruses belonging to the family paramyxoviridae argues for the development of antiviral therapies with broad-spectrum activity. favipiravir (t-705) has demonstrated potent antiviral activity against multiple rna virus families and is presently in clinical evaluation for the treatment of influenza. here we demonstrate in vitro activity of t-705 against the paramyxoviruses human metapneumovirus (hmpv), respiratory syncytial virus, human parainflue ... | 2016 | 27185803 |
| a reverse genetics approach for the design of methyltransferase-defective live attenuated avian metapneumovirus vaccines. | avian metapneumovirus (ampv), also known as avian pneumovirus or turkey rhinotracheitis virus, is the causative agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and is associated with swollen head syndrome in chickens. ampv belongs to the family paramyxoviridae which includes many important human pathogens such as human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovirus (hmpv), and human parainfluenza virus type 3 (piv3). the family also includes highly lethal emerging pathogens such as nipah virus and hen ... | 2016 | 27076293 |
| engineering and expression of a rhoa peptide against respiratory syncytial virus infection in plants. | main conclusion : a rhoa-derived peptide fused to carrier molecules from plants showed enhanced biological activity of in vitro assays against respiratory syncytial virus compared to the rhoa peptide alone or the synthetic rhoa peptide. a rhoa-derived peptide has been reported for over a decade as a potential inhibitor of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection both in vitro and in vivo and is anticipated to be a promising alternative to monoclonal antibody-based therapy against rsv infectio ... | 2016 | 26474991 |
| n-desmethylclozapine, fluoxetine, and salmeterol inhibit postentry stages of the dengue virus life cycle. | around 10,000 people die each year due to severe dengue disease, and two-thirds of the world population lives in a region where dengue disease is endemic. there has been remarkable progress in dengue virus vaccine development; however, there are no licensed antivirals for dengue disease, and none appear to be in clinical trials. we took the approach of repositioning approved drugs for anti-dengue virus activity by screening a library of pharmacologically active compounds. we identified n-desmeth ... | 2016 | 27572397 |
| baicalin from scutellaria baicalensis blocks respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and reduces inflammatory cell infiltration and lung injury in mice. | the roots of scutellaria baicalensis has been used as a remedy for inflammatory and infective diseases for thousands of years. we evaluated the antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection, the leading cause of childhood infection and hospitalization. by fractionation and chromatographic analysis, we determined that baicalin was responsible for the antiviral activity of s. baicalensis against rsv infection. the concentration for 50% inhibition (ic50) of rsv infection wa ... | 2016 | 27767097 |
| transcriptional analysis of antiviral small molecule therapeutics as agonists of the rlr pathway. | the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) by pattern recognition receptors (prr) during viral infection initiates the induction of antiviral signaling pathways, including activation of the interferon regulator factor 3 (irf3). we identified small molecule compounds that activate irf3 through mavs, thereby inhibiting infection by viruses of the families flaviviridae (west nile virus, dengue virus and hepatitis c virus), filoviridae (ebola virus), orthomyxoviridae (influenz ... | 2016 | 26981429 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and cellular stress responses: impact on replication and physiopathology. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), a member of the paramyxoviridae family, is a major cause of severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, elderly and immunocompromised adults. despite decades of research, a complete integrated picture of rsv-host interaction is still missing. several cellular responses to stress are involved in the host-response to many virus infections. the endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by altered endoplasmic reticulum (er) function leads to activat ... | 2016 | 27187445 |
| metagenomics study of viral pathogens in undiagnosed respiratory specimens and identification of human enteroviruses at a thailand hospital. | numerous pathogens cause respiratory infections with similar symptoms. routine diagnostics detect only a limited number of pathogens, leaving a gap in respiratory illness etiology surveillance. this study evaluated next-generation sequencing for unbiased pathogen identification. respiratory samples collected in thailand, philippines, bhutan, and nepal, that were negative by several molecular and immunofluorescence assays, underwent viral cultivation. samples which demonstrated cytopathic effect ... | 2016 | 27352877 |
| potential sirna molecules for nucleoprotein and m2/l overlapping region of respiratory syncytial virus: in silico design. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract disease in the pediatric population, elderly and in immunosuppressed individuals. respiratory syncytial virus is also responsible for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary infections in all age groups. with this high disease burden and the lack of an effective rsv treatment and vaccine, there is a clear need for discovery and development of novel, effective and safe drugs to prevent ... | 2016 | 27303618 |
| current landscape of antiviral drug discovery. | continued discovery and development of new antiviral medications are paramount for global human health, particularly as new pathogens emerge and old ones evolve to evade current therapeutic agents. great success has been achieved in developing effective therapies to suppress human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and hepatitis b virus (hbv); however, the therapies are not curative and therefore current efforts in hiv and hbv drug discovery are directed toward longer-acting therapies and/or developin ... | 2016 | 26962437 |
| fulminant ecchymosis as the initial manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (aps) triggered by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection: a case report and review of the literature. | we present a unique and informative instance of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection associated with antiphospholipid syndrome (aps), and discuss this case in the context of the literature addressing the immunopathogenesis of aps associated with diverse infections. we describe the case of a 43-year-old man with no significant past medical history who presented with the acute onset of fever, hemoptysis, and extensive bullous, ecchymotic lesions in both lower extremities. punch biopsy of th ... | 2016 | 27920986 |
| hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections among infants in the canadian arctic: a cohort study. | it is unknown whether this burden of disease of lower respiratory tract infections is comparable across the canadian arctic. the objectives of this surveillance study were to compare the rates of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection and the severity of infection across arctic canada, and to describe the responsible viruses. | 2016 | 28018874 |
| lack of association between viral load and severity of acute bronchiolitis in infants. | to investigate the correlation between respiratory syncytial viral load and length of hospitalization in infants with acute wheezing episodes. | 2016 | 27832233 |
| viruses as sole causative agents of severe acute respiratory tract infections in children. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a viruses are known to cause severe acute respiratory tract infections (saris) in children. for other viruses like human rhinoviruses (hrvs) this is less well established. viral or bacterial co-infections are often considered essential for severe manifestations of these virus infections. | 2016 | 26964038 |
| histophilus somni stimulates expression of antiviral proteins and inhibits brsv replication in bovine respiratory epithelial cells. | our previous studies showed that bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) followed by histophilus somni causes more severe bovine respiratory disease and a more permeable alveolar barrier in vitro than either agent alone. however, microarray analysis revealed the treatment of bovine alveolar type 2 (bat2) epithelial cells with h. somni concentrated culture supernatant (ccs) stimulated up-regulation of four antiviral protein genes as compared with brsv infection or dual treatment. this suggested ... | 2016 | 26859677 |
| prevalence and seasonal distribution of respiratory viruses during the 2014 - 2015 season in istanbul. | acute respiratory tract infection (arti) is one of the most common infections worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. | 2016 | 27800148 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infections among children and adults in mexico. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading etiological agent of acute respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in children. however, little information is available regarding rsv infections in latin american countries, particularly among adult patients. | 2016 | 27439650 |
| epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia and implications for vaccination of children living in developing and newly industrialized countries: a systematic literature review. | this systematic review evaluated the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in children <6 y of age within 90 developing and newly industrialized countries. literature searches (1990-2011), based on medline, embase, cochrane, cab global health, who, unicef, country-specific websites, conferences, health-technology-assessment agencies, and the reference lists of included studies, yielded 8,734 records; 62 of 340 studies were included in this review. the highest incidence rate among included ... | 2016 | 27269963 |
| follicular bronchiolitis in a nigerian female child: a case report and review of the literature. | small airways diseases are not uncommon in childhood. they account for about 28.4% of hospital admissions for lower respiratory tract infections in south west nigeria, most of which are due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. noninfectious causes of small airways diseases, on the other hand, are poorly recognized and rarely feature in the differential diagnoses of chronic/recurrent lower respiratory tract disease in our environment. we present a case of follicular bronchiolitis in a ... | 2016 | 27313935 |
| are respiratory viruses involved in preseasonal symptoms or severity in japanese cedar pollinosis? | respiratory virus infections are involved in asthma exacerbations. however, there are no reports of the relationship between respiratory virus infections and japanese cedar pollinosis. | 2016 | 27658182 |
| progress in pediatrics in 2015: choices in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, haematology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, nutrition, oncology and pulmonology. | this review focuses key advances in different pediatric fields that were published in italian journal of pediatrics and in international journals in 2015. weaning studies continue to show promise for preventing food allergy. new diagnostic tools are available for identifying the allergic origin of allergic-like symptoms. advances have been reported in obesity, short stature and autoimmune endocrine disorders. new molecules are offered to reduce weight gain and insulin-resistance in obese childre ... | 2016 | 27566421 |
| influenza-related mortality in spain, 1999-2005. | to estimate the excess deaths attributed to influenza in spain, using age-specific generalized linear models (glm) and the serfling model for the period 1999-2005. | 2016 | 22284214 |
| prophylactic and therapeutic testing of nicotiana-derived rsv-neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies in the cotton rat model. | severe lower respiratory tract infection in infants and small children is commonly caused by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). palivizumab (synagis(®)), a humanized igg1 monoclonal antibody (mab) approved for rsv immunoprophylaxis in at-risk neonates, is highly effective, but pharmacoeconomic analyses suggest its use may not be cost-effective. previously described potent rsv neutralizers (human fab r19 and f2-5; human igg rf-1 and rf-2) were produced in igg format in a rapid and inexpensive nic ... | 2016 | 23396091 |
| risk factors associated with death in patients with severe respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is an important cause of viral respiratory tract infection in children. this retrospective study describes the clinical characteristics of severe rsv infection and determines the risk factors for death. | 2016 | 25442868 |
| who consultation on respiratory syncytial virus vaccine development report from a world health organization meeting held on 23-24 march 2015. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a globally prevalent cause of lower respiratory infection in neonates and infants. despite its disease burden, a safe and effective rsv vaccine has remained elusive. in recent years, improved understanding of rsv biology and innovations in immunogen design has resulted in the advancement of multiple vaccine candidates into the clinical development pipeline. given the growing number of vaccines in clinical trials, the rapid pace at which they are being tested, ... | 2016 | 26100926 |
| comparison of the conventional multiplex rt-pcr, real time rt-pcr and luminex xtag® rvp fast assay for the detection of respiratory viruses. | detection of respiratory viruses using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is sensitive, specific and cost effective, having huge potential for patient management. in this study, the performance of an in-house developed conventional multiplex rt-pcr (mrt-pcr), real time rt-pcr (rtrt-pcr) and luminex xtag(®) rvp fast assay (luminex diagnostics, toronto, canada) for the detection of respiratory viruses was compared. a total 310 respiratory clinical specimens predominantly from pediatric patients, refe ... | 2016 | 26100490 |
| new insights on the viral and host factors contributing to the airway pathogenesis caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. | the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most prevalent etiological agent of lower respiratory tract infections and the first cause of hospitalization in infants due to respiratory disease worldwide. however, efforts to develop safe and effective vaccines and antivirals have been challenged by an incomplete understanding of the rsv pathogenesis and the host immune response to rsv infection in the airways. here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the interaction between rsv and the e ... | 2016 | 26119025 |
| human rhinovirus infections in hospitalized children: clinical, epidemiological and virological features. | molecular epidemiology and clinical impact of human rhinovirus (hrv) are not well documented in tropical regions. this study compared the clinical characteristics of hrv to other common viral infections and investigated the molecular epidemiology of hrv in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections (aris) in vietnam. from april 2010 to may 2011, 1082 nasopharyngeal swabs were screened for respiratory viruses by pcr. vp4/vp2 sequences of hrv were further characterized. hrv was the mo ... | 2016 | 26112743 |
| clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute respiratory virus infections in vietnamese children. | information about viral acute respiratory infections (aris) is essential for prevention, diagnosis and treatment, but it is limited in tropical developing countries. this study described the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of aris in children hospitalized in vietnam. nasopharyngeal samples were collected from children with aris at ho chi minh city children's hospital 2 between april 2010 and may 2011 in order to detect respiratory viruses by polymerase chain reaction. viruses were f ... | 2016 | 26145204 |
| [monitoring respiratory syncytial virus through the spanish influenza surveillance system, 2006-2014]. | the aim of the study is to analyze the information on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) obtained through the spanish influenza surveillance system (siss) and to study its usefulness as supplementary information for the characterization of influenza epidemics. | 2016 | 25703209 |
| risk factors for requiring intensive care among children admitted to ward with bronchiolitis. | to examine risk factors for transfer of bronchiolitis patients from the ward to the intensive care unit (icu) and/or initiation of critical care interventions. | 2016 | 25528126 |
| [association between moderate-severe bronchiolitis and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in emergency departments]. | to identify clinical characteristics that may lead to the early recognition of patients admitted to the hospital for moderate-to-severe bronchiolitis with urine results associated with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh). | 2016 | 25858009 |
| respiratory syncytial virus is present in the neonatal intensive care unit. | nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) occurs in children within the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). during peak community rsv transmission, three swabs were collected from the nose, hand and personal clothing of visitors and health care workers (hcw) in nicu once every week for eight weeks. nasal swabs were collected from every third neonate and from any neonate clinically suspected of having a respiratory infection. environmental sampling of high touch areas was done ... | 2016 | 26174559 |
| a randomized, blinded, controlled, dose-ranging study of a respiratory syncytial virus recombinant fusion (f) nanoparticle vaccine in healthy women of childbearing age. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. a recombinant rsv fusion protein nanoparticle vaccine (rsv f vaccine) candidate for maternal immunization was tested for safety and immunogenicity in women of childbearing age. | 2016 | 26259809 |
| evaluation of a new rapid diagnostic test for the detection of influenza and rsv. | influenza viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) can cause an acute respiratory disease that occurs seasonally in epidemic waves. this retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the sofia(®) influenza a+b and the sofia(®) rsv fluorescence immunoassays (fias), two novel rapid detection tests (rdts) for influenza a and b and rsv. | 2016 | 26139303 |
| impact of placental malaria and hypergammaglobulinemia on transplacental transfer of respiratory syncytial virus antibody in papua new guinea. | passively acquired respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) neutralizing antibody protects against rsv-associated lower respiratory infections, but placental malaria (pm) and maternal hypergammaglobulinemia might interfere with transplacental immunoglobulin transport. | 2016 | 26238686 |
| short- and long-term pulmonary outcome of palivizumab in children born extremely prematurely. | palivizumab reduces the severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection in premature infants, but whether there is a protective effect beyond the preschool age is unknown. this study sought to assess the short- and long-term effects of palivizumab immunization on respiratory morbidity and pulmonary function at school age in children born extremely prematurely. | 2016 | 26226546 |
| outcome of the respiratory syncytial virus related acute lower respiratory tract infection among hospitalized newborns: a prospective multicenter study. | to determine the incidence and outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-related acute lower respiratory tract infection (alri) including morbidity, nosocomial infection and mortality among newborn infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care units (nicus). | 2016 | 26365531 |
| predictors of severe disease in a hospitalized population of children with acute viral lower respiratory tract infections. | although predictors of severe viral acute lower respiratory infections (alris) in children have been reported, there have been few research studies performed in low- and middle-income countries (lmic). the aim of the present study was to determine predictors of disease severity in a population of colombian children <5 years of age with alri. in a prospective cohort study, we determined independent predictors of severe alri in a hospitalized population of children under 5 years old with alri duri ... | 2016 | 26403374 |
| perceived risk of severe respiratory syncytial virus disease and immunoprophylaxis use among us pediatric specialists. | this study was conducted to assess the perception of us pediatric specialists of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease risk and determine their clinical practices regarding immunoprophylaxis for high-risk children. separate surveys were sent to neonatologists, pediatricians, pediatric pulmonologists, and pediatric cardiologists. data were collected using structured questions requiring quantitative responses. most neonatologists and pediatricians (>82.7%) reported a high clinical need for rsv ... | 2016 | 26400767 |
| risk factors for hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus infection: a population-based cohort study of danish children. | the aim of this study is to identify the risk factors for hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in danish children. | 2016 | 26398871 |
| respiratory syncytial virus preterm (32-36 completed weeks of gestation) risk estimation measure for rsv hospitalization in ireland: a prospective study. | in several countries, respiratory syncytial virus prophylaxis is offered to late preterm infants who are at escalated risk of respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization (rsvh). however, targeted prophylaxis should be informed by country-specific data. this study, which uniquely includes 36 weeks of gestational age (ga) infants, aims to establish the risk factors for rsvh in 32-36 weeks of ga infants in ireland. | 2016 | 26379160 |
| proteomic profiling of a respiratory syncytial virus-infected rat pneumonia model. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract disease in pediatric patients. our goal was to obtain a detailed understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of rsv infections by studying the protein expression profiles in rats with pneumonia. first, we successfully established a pneumonia rat model by intranasally injecting rsv. the differentially expressed proteins in lung tissues of rsv-infected rats compared with those of the controls were analyzed by using 2-dim ... | 2016 | 26370426 |
| treatment with novel rsv ig ri-002 controls viral replication and reduces pulmonary damage in immunocompromised sigmodon hispidus. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in several high health risk populations, including infants, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. mortality in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients with lower respiratory tract rsv infection can exceed 80%. it has been shown that rsv replication in immunosuppressed individuals is significantly prolonged, but the contribution of pulmonary damage, if any, to the pathogenesis of rsv disease in this ... | 2016 | 26367224 |
| interleukin-4 polymorphism is associated with severity of respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is a major health problem in young children. this study aimed to investigate whether the interleukin (il)-4 -590c/t and -33 c/t polymorphisms were associated with the susceptibility to rsv infection in chinese han children and with the severity of the infection. | 2016 | 26289664 |
| respiratory syncytial virus induces phosphorylation of mtor at ser2448 in cd8 t cells from nasal washes of infected infants. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv)-specific cd8(+) t cell responses do not protect against reinfection. activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) impairs memory cd8(+) t cell differentiation. our hypothesis was that rsv inhibits the formation of cd8(+) t cells memory responses through mtor activation. to explore this, human and mouse t cells were used. rsv induced mtor phosphorylation at ser2448 in cd8 t cells. mtor activation by rsv was completely inhibited using rapamycin. rsv-infected ... | 2016 | 26437614 |
| spatial clusters of child lower respiratory illnesses associated with community-level risk factors. | identifying geographic areas with increased incidence of disease may elucidate community-level risk factors for intervention development. lower respiratory illnesses (lris) are the leading cause of death in children and are associated with other morbidities. we assessed geographic clustering of lris and evaluated if these spatial patterns and associated risk factors differed by phenotype. participants enrolled at birth in the tucson children's respiratory study were followed through age three fo ... | 2016 | 26436763 |
| emergency department syndromic surveillance providing early warning of seasonal respiratory activity in england. | seasonal respiratory infections place an increased burden on health services annually. we used a sentinel emergency department syndromic surveillance system to understand the factors driving respiratory attendances at emergency departments (eds) in england. trends in different respiratory indicators were observed to peak at different points during winter, with further variation observed in the distribution of attendances by age. multiple linear regression analysis revealed acute respiratory infe ... | 2016 | 26415918 |
| prenatal versus postnatal tobacco smoke exposure and intensive care use in children hospitalized with bronchiolitis. | among children hospitalized with bronchiolitis, we examined the associations between in utero exposure to maternal cigarette smoking, postnatal tobacco smoke exposure, and risk of admission to the intensive care unit (icu). | 2016 | 26555856 |
| mip-1α level in nasopharyngeal aspirates at the first wheezing episode predicts recurrent wheezing. | respiratory virus-induced wheezing, such as that induced by respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human rhinovirus, is an important risk factor for recurrent wheezing and childhood asthma. however, no biomarkers for predicting recurrent wheezing have been identified. | 2016 | 26494023 |
| interference between respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus in respiratory tract infections in children. | an acute viral respiratory tract infection might prevent infections by other viruses because of the antiviral innate immune response. however, with the use of pcr methods, simultaneous detection of two or more respiratory viruses is frequent. we analysed the effect of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on the occurrence of simultaneous rhinovirus (rv) infection in children within a birth cohort study setting. we used pcr for virus detection in nasal swabs collected from children with an ... | 2016 | 26482269 |
| aln-rsv01 for prevention of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after respiratory syncytial virus infection in lung transplant recipients. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection in lung transplant (ltx) patients is associated with an increased incidence of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (bos). aln-rsv01 is a small interfering rna targeting rsv replication that was shown in an earlier phase 2a trial to be safe and to reduce the incidence of bos when compared with placebo. | 2016 | 26452996 |
| where are we with rsv prophylaxis? | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a predictable, seasonal disease with significant morbidity and mortality in children below 24 months. prophylaxis, which decreases hospitalisation in those most vulnerable to the disease, has been available since 1998. pharmacological prophylaxis is however, expensive and requires good infrastructure to deliver. it is out of reach for many patients in low-income and middle-income countries where mortality is highest. this article looks at the pathophysiology ... | 2016 | 26510447 |
| virus type and genomic load in acute bronchiolitis: severity and treatment response with inhaled adrenaline. | acute bronchiolitis frequently causes infant hospitalization. studies on different viruses or viral genomic load and disease severity or treatment effect have had conflicting results. we aimed to investigate whether the presence or concentration of individual or multiple viruses were associated with disease severity in acute bronchiolitis and to evaluate whether detected viruses modified the response to inhaled racemic adrenaline. | 2016 | 26508124 |
| recent advances in the development of subunit-based rsv vaccines. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections causing pneumonia and bronchiolitis in infants. rsv also causes serious illness in elderly populations, immunocompromised patients and individuals with pulmonary or cardiac problems. the significant morbidity and mortality associated with rsv infection have prompted interest in rsv vaccine development. in the 1960s, a formalin-inactivated vaccine trial failed to protect children, and indeed enhanced patholog ... | 2016 | 26506139 |
| differential neutrophil activation in viral infections: enhanced tlr-7/8-mediated cxcl8 release in asthma. | respiratory viral infections are a major cause of asthma exacerbations. neutrophils accumulate in the airways and the mechanisms that link neutrophilic inflammation, viral infections and exacerbations are unclear. this study aims to investigate anti-viral responses in neutrophils from patients with and without asthma and to investigate if neutrophils can be directly activated by respiratory viruses. | 2016 | 26477783 |
| post-bronchiolitis use of asthma medication: a prospective 1-year follow-up study. | our aim was to evaluate the association between viral findings during bronchiolitis and the use of asthma controller medication (primary outcome) and systemic corticosteroids (secondary outcome) during the first post-bronchiolitis year. | 2016 | 26658529 |
| reduced expression of hla-dr on monocytes during severe respiratory syncytial virus infections. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of bronchiolitis in infants with a wide spectrum of disease severity. besides environmental and genetic factors, it is thought that the innate immune system plays a pivotal role. the aim of this study was to investigate the expression of immune receptors on monocytes and the in vitro responsiveness from infants with severe rsv infections. | 2016 | 26658377 |
| population-based analysis of bronchiolitis epidemiology in valencia, spain. | there is a lack of european epidemiologic population-based studies on bronchiolitis and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis including both hospitalizations and primary care attendance. | 2016 | 26658376 |
| protection against respiratory syncytial virus by inactivated influenza virus carrying a fusion protein neutralizing epitope in a chimeric hemagglutinin. | a desirable vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) should induce neutralizing antibodies without eliciting abnormal t cell responses to avoid vaccine-enhanced pathology. in an approach to deliver rsv neutralizing epitopes without rsv-specific t cell antigens, we genetically engineered chimeric influenza virus expressing rsv f262-276 neutralizing epitopes in the globular head domain as a chimeric hemagglutinin (ha) protein. immunization of mice with formalin-inactivated recombinant chi ... | 2016 | 26656630 |
| molecular mechanism of respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in young children and the elderly. therapeutic small molecules have been developed that bind the rsv f glycoprotein and inhibit membrane fusion, yet their binding sites and molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. here we show that these inhibitors bind to a three-fold-symmetric pocket within the central cavity of the metastable prefusion conformation of rsv f. inhibitor binding stabilizes this conf ... | 2016 | 26641933 |
| understanding respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine development and aspects of disease pathogenesis. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections causing bronchiolitis and some mortality in young children and the elderly. despite decades of research there is no licensed rsv vaccine. although significant advances have been made in understanding the immune factors responsible for inducing vaccine-enhanced disease in animal models, less information is available for humans. in this review, we discuss the different types of rsv vaccines and thei ... | 2016 | 26641318 |
| rsv vaccine use--the missing data. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection is the most important cause of hospitalization in infants and is one of the leading global causes of infant mortality and as such its prevention through vaccination is a public health priority. while essential for the successful implementation of vaccine programs, there remains a paucity of data on the epidemiology of the virus in different settings and age groups and limited knowledge about virus transmission and the health-care costs of the disease. ... | 2016 | 26636902 |
| effectiveness of palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease: the french experience. | there is a lack of evidence concerning the effectiveness of immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab in children with childhood interstitial lung disease (child). in this retrospective study, we evaluated the effectiveness of palivizumab for decreasing the rate of rsv-related hospitalizations in children under the age of 24 months with child treated with corticosteroids. | 2016 | 26636747 |
| high burden of rsv hospitalization in very young children: a data linkage study. | linked administrative population data were used to estimate the burden of childhood respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) hospitalization in an australian cohort aged <5 years. rsv-coded hospitalizations data were extracted for all children aged <5 years born in new south wales (nsw), australia between 2001 and 2010. incidence was calculated as the total number of new episodes of rsv hospitalization divided by the child-years at risk. mean cost per episode of rsv hospitalization was estimated using ... | 2016 | 26626237 |
| maternal immunization with respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein formulated with a novel combination adjuvant provides protection from rsv in newborn lambs. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the causative agent of serious upper and lower respiratory tract infections in newborns and infants. protection from rsv is crucial for neonates, and maternal immunization is one approach that holds promise for providing immediate protection to young infants against severe rsv infection. we previously reported efficacy of a subunit vaccine consisting of the fusion (f) protein formulated with a novel adjuvant (δf/triadj) in neonates. the goal of the current st ... | 2016 | 26616551 |
| immunomodulator plasmid projected by systems biology as a candidate for the development of adjunctive therapy for respiratory syncytial virus infection. | an imbalance in th1/th2 cytokine immune response has been described to influence the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) acute bronchiolitis and the severity of infection. th2-driven response has been well described under first rsv vaccine (formalin-inactivated rsv vaccine antigens) and replicated in some conditions for rsv-infected mice, in which a th2-dependent lung eosinophilia increases illness severity, accompanied of tissue damage. currently, several prototypes of rsv vaccine ... | 2016 | 26601594 |
| humidity: a review and primer on atmospheric moisture and human health. | research examining associations between weather and human health frequently includes the effects of atmospheric humidity. a large number of humidity variables have been developed for numerous purposes, but little guidance is available to health researchers regarding appropriate variable selection. we examine a suite of commonly used humidity variables and summarize both the medical and biometeorological literature on associations between humidity and human health. as an example of the importance ... | 2016 | 26599589 |
| etiology of pneumonia in a pediatric population with high pneumococcal vaccine coverage: a prospective study. | improved childhood immunizations programs, especially the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination, better diagnostic methods and the importance of reduced antibiotic misuse, make this a critical time to increase knowledge on the etiology of pediatric pneumonia. our main objective was to identify the contribution of various microbiological species that causes pneumonia in previously healthy children and adolescents in a population with high pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage. | 2016 | 26599568 |
| agonistic 4-1bb antibody fails to reduce disease burden during acute respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. despite this, there are limited therapeutic options. cd8 t cells have an integral role in controlling viral infections; strategies to enhance these responses may be clinically relevant. the t cell costimulatory receptor, 4-1bb, is known to play a role in expansion of antiviral cd8 t cells. in this study, we examined the effect of agonistic 4-1bb antibody at the time of rsv infection in mice. we ... | 2016 | 26597692 |
| tlr3 activation increases chemokine expression in human fetal airway smooth muscle cells. | viral infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus, adversely affect neonatal and pediatric populations, resulting in significant lung morbidity, including acute asthma exacerbation. studies in adults have demonstrated that human airway smooth muscle (asm) cells modulate inflammation through their ability to secrete inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. the role of asm in the developing airway during infection remains undefined. in our study, we used human fetal asm cells as a ... | 2016 | 26589477 |
| respiratory syncytial virus shedding by children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection. | children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection shed virus for variable periods. the aim of this study was to quantify the viral load in nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with rsv throughout their hospitalization. this study included 37 children who were admitted with a diagnosis of rsv infection based on a positive rapid diagnostic test. nasopharyngeal aspirates were collected from patients every day, from admission to discharge. viral detection and quantification were performed us ... | 2016 | 26588816 |
| baculovirus vectors expressing f proteins in combination with virus-induced signaling adaptor (visa) molecules confer protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | baculovirus has been exploited for use as a novel vaccine vector. to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of recombinant baculoviruses (rbvs) expressing respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion (f) proteins, four constructs (bac-tf/64, bac-cf, bac-cf/tf64 and bac-cf/tf64-visa) were generated. bac-tf64 displays the f ectodomain (tf) on the envelope of rbvs, whereas bac-cf expresses full-length f protein in transduced mammalian cells. bac-cf/tf64 not only displays tf on the envelope but also e ... | 2016 | 26643933 |
| prematurity and the burden of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus disease. | respiratory morbidity of former preterm infants and especially those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) is high during infancy and early childhood. | 2016 | 26582294 |
| respiratory syncytial virus activity and climate parameters during a 12-year period. | the epidemic pattern of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection during long periods and the factors that determine seasonality are not well studied. in order to correlate the rsv epidemic activity with climate parameters, we conducted a retrospective study of children (0-14 year) who were hospitalized because of respiratory tract infection and had an rsv test performed in the major tertiary pediatric hospital of greece during a 12-year period (2002-2013). daily data regarding temperature and ... | 2016 | 26575521 |
| recombinant measles aik-c vaccine strain expressing heterologous virus antigens. | further attenuated measles vaccines were developed more than 50 years ago and have been used throughout the world. recombinant measles vaccine candidates have been developed and express several heterologous virus protective antigens. immunogenicity and protective actions were confirmed using experimental animals: transgenic mice, cotton rats, and primates. the recent development of measles vaccine-based vectored vaccine candidates has been reviewed and some information on recombinant measles vac ... | 2016 | 26562316 |
| downregulation of matrix metalloproteinase‑19 induced by respiratory syncytial viral infection affects the interaction between epithelial cells and fibroblasts. | the present study was designed to examine the expression and function of matrix metalloproteinase‑19 (mmp‑19), which is downregulated following respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. the diverse expression levels of mmp were examined using a designed cdna expression array. the expression and secretion of mmp‑19 was examined using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (rt‑qpcr) analysis and elisa, respectively. the proliferation of epithelial cells and lung fibroblast ... | 2016 | 26548962 |
| maternal high-fat hypercaloric diet during pregnancy results in persistent metabolic and respiratory abnormalities in offspring. | we have shown in a previous population-based study significant correlation between childhood asthma and early abnormalities of lipid and glucose metabolism. this study's specific aim was to determine whether maternal nutrition in pregnancy affects postnatal metabolic and respiratory outcomes in the offspring. | 2016 | 26539661 |
| human cathelicidin, ll-37, inhibits respiratory syncytial virus infection in polarized airway epithelial cells. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe lower respiratory tract illness in young children worldwide. treatment options for severe rsv disease remain limited and the development of therapeutic treatment strategies remains a priority. ll-37, a small cationic host defense peptide involved in anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial responses, reduces replication of or infection by multiple viruses, including influenza virus, in vitro, and protects against lethal challenge with infl ... | 2016 | 26732674 |
| outcomes of respiratory syncytial virus immunoprophylaxis in infants using an abbreviated dosing regimen of palivizumab. | 2016 | 26720836 | |
| antiviral activity of the "virus blocking factor" (vbf) derived i.a. from pelargonium extract and sambucus juice against different human-pathogenic cold viruses in vitro. | the in-vitro antiviral activity of the "virus blocking factor" (vbf), a combination of pelargonium extract and sambucus juice with addition of betaglucan 1,3 / 1,6, zincum gluconium, acidum ascorbicum, was studied against human pathogenic viruses: influenza a h1n1 (flua h1n1), rhinovirus b subtype 14 (hrv14), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), parainfluenzavirus subtype 3 (para 3), and adenovirus c subtype 5 (adeno 5). | 2016 | 28478414 |
| contamination of healthcare workers' mobile phones by epidemic viruses. | mobile phones (mps) are potential reservoirs of nosocomial bacteria, but few data are available concerning viruses. we aimed to evaluate the presence of virus rna from epidemic viruses including metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza viruses, rotavirus (rv) and norovirus on the mps used by healthcare workers (hcws) and to relate it to hygiene measures. an anonymous behavioural questionnaire about mp use at hospital was administered to the hcws of four adult and paediatric depart ... | 2016 | 26713553 |
| trends in respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis hospitalizations in children less than 1 year: 2004-2012. | to analyze trends in health outcomes and the influence of risk factors in children under 1 year with acute bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv bronchiolitis). a risk-adjustment model for rsv bronchiolitis in-hospital mortality was also developed. | 2016 | 26709735 |