Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| similar virus spectra and seasonality in paediatric patients with acute respiratory disease, ghana and germany. | epidemiological differences between tropical and temperate regions regarding viruses causing acute respiratory infection are poorly understood. this is in part because methodological differences limit the comparability of data from these two regions. using identical molecular detection methods, we tested 1174 ghanaian and 539 german children with acute respiratory infections sampled over 12 months for the 15 most common respiratory viruses by pcr. a total 43.2% of the ghanaian and 56.6% of the g ... | 2016 | 26585774 |
| spatial and temporal spread of acute viral respiratory infections in young children living in high-altitude rural communities: a prospective household-based study. | few studies have described patterns of transmission of viral acute respiratory infections (ari) in children in developing countries. we examined the spatial and temporal spread of viral ari among young children in rural peruvian highland communities. previous studies have described intense social interactions in those communities, which could influence the transmission of viral infections. | 2016 | 27404599 |
| partial comparison of the nxtag respiratory pathogen panel assay with the luminex xtag respiratory panel fast assay v2 and singleplex real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of respiratory pathogens. | in this study, 185 nasopharyngeal swabs were tested to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the luminex nxtag (nxtag) respiratory pathogen panel (rpp) assay with those of the luminex respiratory virus panel (rvp) fast assay v2 and singleplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the nxtag assay identified at least one infectious agent in 164 (88.7%) of the swabs. in 91 (6.2%) tests with negative results with the rvp fast assay v2, a virus was identified by the nxtag (p < 0.001). with ... | 2016 | 27401400 |
| human metapneumovirus epidemiological and evolutionary patterns in coastal kenya, 2007-11. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is an important global cause of severe acute respiratory infections in young children and the elderly. the epidemiology of hmpv in sub-saharan africa is poorly described and factors that allow its recurrent epidemics in communities not understood. | 2016 | 27316548 |
| human metapneumovirus infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients and hematologic malignancy patients: a systematic review. | over the past decade, reported incidence of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has increased owing to the use of molecular assays for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections in cancer patients. the seasonality of these infections, differences in sampling strategies across institutions, and small sample size of published studies make it difficult to appreciate the true incidence and impact of hmpv infections. in this systematic review, we summarized the published data on hmpv infections in hematopoie ... | 2016 | 27260872 |
| human metapneumovirus circulation in the united states, 2008 to 2014. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) infection causes respiratory illness, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. however, national hmpv seasonality, as it compares with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza seasonality patterns, has not been well described. | 2016 | 27244790 |
| detection of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus by real-time polymerase chain reaction among hospitalized young children in iran. | acute respiratory infection plays an important role in hospitalization of children in developing countries; detection of viral causes in such infections is very important. the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common etiological agent of viral lower respiratory tract infection in children, and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections among infants and children. | 2016 | 27226877 |
| a chimeric pneumovirus fusion protein carrying neutralizing epitopes of both mpv and rsv. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are paramyxoviruses that are responsible for substantial human health burden, particularly in children and the elderly. the fusion (f) glycoproteins are major targets of the neutralizing antibody response and studies have mapped dominant antigenic sites in f. here we grafted a major neutralizing site of rsv f, recognized by the prophylactic monoclonal antibody palivizumab, onto hmpv f, generating a chimeric protein displaying epi ... | 2016 | 27224013 |
| coinfections of the respiratory tract: viral competition for resources. | studies have shown that simultaneous infection of the respiratory tract with at least two viruses is common in hospitalized patients, although it is not clear whether these infections are more or less severe than single virus infections. we use a mathematical model to study the dynamics of viral coinfection of the respiratory tract in an effort to understand the kinetics of these infections. specifically, we use our model to investigate coinfections of influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhi ... | 2016 | 27196110 |
| acute myopericarditis caused by human metapneumovirus. | human metapneumovirus is known to be similar to respiratory syncytial virus. because of an incomplete protective immune response to new genotypes, re-infection occurs frequently, especially in the elderly. however, the clinical manifestations of human metapneumovirus need to be further characterized in adults. a 73-year-old woman presented to the emergency room with acute dyspnea, chest discomfort and influenza-like illness. the patient was diagnosed with human metapneumovirus infection, complic ... | 2016 | 27104014 |
| etiology, seasonality, and clinical characterization of viral respiratory infections among hospitalized children in beirut, lebanon. | acute respiratory tract viral infections occur worldwide and are one of the major global burdens of diseases in children. the aim of this study was to determine the viral etiology of respiratory infections in hospitalized children, to understand the viral seasonality in a major lebanese hospital, and to correlate disease severity and the presence of virus. over a 1-year period, nasal and throat swabs were collected from 236 pediatric patients, aged 16-year old or less and hospitalized for acute ... | 2016 | 27061822 |
| [phylogenetic variability of human metapneumovirus strains circulating in turkey during two consecutive epidemic seasons]. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), classified in paramyxoviridae family, phylogenetically consists of two major groups namely a and b, with genetic lineages of a1, a2 (comprises of sublineages a2a and a2b) and b1, b2. although detailed evaluation on phylogenetic analysis of hmpv has been described in other countries, there are no data from turkey on this subject. the aim of this study was to demonstrate for the first time, the phylogenetic diversity of hmpv strains circulating in turkey during two co ... | 2016 | 27058330 |
| [respiratory viruses in pediatrics: what's new?]. | molecular diagnostic tests have greatly increased our knowledge regarding the contribution of respiratory viruses in respiratory illnesses in children, mainly lower respiratory tract infections. respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus (rv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are predominant viral agents identified in children. notwithstanding the importance of respiratory viruses in children, treatment and prophylactic options remain limited. these include palivizumab, a monoclonal antibody prophyl ... | 2016 | 27039461 |
| paramyxovirus infection: mortality and morbidity in a pediatric intensive care unit. | we investigated mortality and morbidity of patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit (picu) with paramyxovirus infection. | 2016 | 27037248 |
| respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in severe lower respiratory tract infections in children under two. | viruses are the most important causative agents of acute lower respiratory tract infections (alrtis), ranked as the second leading cause of death and the primary cause of hospitalization in children. respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are among the commonest viral causes of severe alrti. in this study, we aimed to study the burden of both rsv and hmpv in causing severe alrti in children younger than two years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (p ... | 2016 | 27031461 |
| novel respiratory syncytial virus-like particle vaccine composed of the postfusion and prefusion conformations of the f glycoprotein. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants and children and represents an important global health burden for the elderly and the immunocompromised. despite decades of research efforts, no licensed vaccine for rsv is available. we have developed virus-like particle (vlp)-based rsv vaccines assembled with the human metapneumovirus (hmpv) matrix protein (m) as the structural scaffold and the rsv fusion glycoprotein (f) in either the postfusion or ... | 2016 | 27030590 |
| viral etiology of severe acute respiratory infections in hospitalized children in cameroon, 2011-2013. | severe acute respiratory illness (sari) is recognized as an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and hospitalization among children in developing countries. little is known, however, in tropical countries like cameroon about the cause and seasonality of respiratory infections, especially in hospitalized settings. | 2016 | 27012372 |
| albuterol use in children hospitalized with human metapneumovirus respiratory infection. | introduction. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus from the same subfamily as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and causes similar acute lower respiratory tract infection. albuterol in the setting of acute rsv infection is controversial and has not yet been studied in hmpv. we sought to determine the frequency of albuterol use in hmpv infection and the association between albuterol administration and patient outcomes. methods. we conducted a retrospective cohort study identifying all ... | 2016 | 26925109 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of respiratory viral coinfections in children. | respiratory infections are a common cause of paediatric morbidity. clinical outcomes in children hospitalized with single respiratory virus infection are compared with those with two or more viral-viral coinfection. studies were restricted to those reporting on children aged less than 5 years (prospero crd#42014009133). published data to calculate risk ratios (rr) comparing children with single viral infections to coinfection using a random effects model were used. similar analyses by pathogen p ... | 2016 | 26919484 |
| prevalence of rhinovirus in wheezing children: a comparison with respiratory syncytial virus wheezing. | to explore the distribution and clinical manifestations of rhinovirus infection in wheezing children, and compare the clinical differences between rhinovirus- and respiratory syncytial virus-induced wheezing. | 2016 | 26859065 |
| respiratory viruses associated hospitalization among children aged <5 years in bangladesh: 2010-2014. | we combined hospital-based surveillance and health utilization survey data to estimate the incidence of respiratory viral infections associated hospitalization among children aged < 5 years in bangladesh. | 2016 | 26840782 |
| viral etiology of medically attended influenza-like illnesses in children less than five years old in suzhou, china, 2011-2014. | limited information is available on the non-influenza etiology and epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ili) in china. from april 2011 to march 2014, we collected oropharyngeal swabs from children less than 5 years of age with symptoms of ili who presented to the outpatient departments of suzhou university affiliated children's hospital (sch). we used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or pcr to detect 11 respiratory viruses. among 3,662 enrolled ili patients, 1,292 (35. ... | 2016 | 26792409 |
| prevalence of human metapneumovirus infection among patients with influenza-like illness: report from a tertiary care centre, southern india. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv), discovered in the 21st century, has emerged as an important cause of influenza-like illness in children and adults causing mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis and community-associated pneumonia. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hmpv in the union territory of puducherry, india, as part of national influenza surveillance programme. | 2016 | 26776115 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of alphavirus-derived replicon vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in nonhuman primates. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are major causes of illness among children, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. no vaccine has been licensed for protection against either of these viruses. we tested the ability of two venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based viral replicon particle (vee-vrp) vaccines that express the hrsv or hmpv fusion (f) protein to confer protection against hrsv or hmpv in african green monkeys. animals immunized with vee-vrp va ... | 2016 | 26772634 |
| pediatric asthma and viral infection. | respiratory viral infections, particularly respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and rhinovirus, are the most importance risk factors for the onset of wheezing in infants and small children. bronchiolitis is the most common acute respiratory infection in children under 1year of age, and the most common cause of hospitalization in this age group. rsv accounts for approximately 70% of all these cases, followed by rhinovirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus and bocavirus. the association between bronchioli ... | 2016 | 26766408 |
| comprehensive real-time epidemiological data from respiratory infections in finland between 2010 and 2014 obtained from an automated and multianalyte maripoc® respiratory pathogen test. | respiratory viruses cause seasonal epidemics every year. several respiratory pathogens are circulating simultaneously and typical symptoms of different respiratory infections are alike, meaning it is challenging to identify and diagnose different respiratory pathogens based on symptoms alone. maripoc® is an automated, multianalyte antigen test which allows the rapid detection of nine respiratory infection pathogens [influenza a and b viruses, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), human metapneumovi ... | 2016 | 26740322 |
| community acquired respiratory virus infections in cancer patients-guideline on diagnosis and management by the infectious diseases working party of the german society for haematology and medical oncology. | community acquired viruses (crvs) may cause severe disease in cancer patients. thus, efforts should be made to diagnose crv rapidly and manage crv infections accordingly. | 2016 | 27681877 |
| spirometry filters can be used to detect exhaled respiratory viruses. | respiratory viruses are very common in the community and contribute to the burden of illness for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including acute exacerbations. traditional sampling methods are invasive and problematic to repeat. accordingly, we explored whether respiratory viruses could be isolated from disposable spirometry filters and whether detection of viruses in this context represented presence in the upper or lower respiratory tract. discovery (n = 53) and validation (n = ... | 2016 | 27669334 |
| new vaccines for the world's poorest people. | the 2000 millennium development goals helped stimulate the development of life-saving childhood vaccines for pneumococcal and rotavirus infections while greatly expanding coverage of existing vaccines. however, there remains an urgent need to develop new vaccines for hiv/aids, malaria, and tuberculosis, as well as for respiratory syncytial virus and those chronic and debilitating (mostly parasitic) infections known as neglected tropical diseases (ntds). the ntds represent the most common disease ... | 2016 | 26356803 |
| epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory infections due to adenovirus in children living in milan, italy, during 2013 and 2014. | to evaluate the predominant human adenovirus (hadv) species and types associated with pediatric respiratory infections, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from otherwise healthy children attending an emergency room in milan, italy, due to a respiratory tract infection from january 1 to february 28 of two subsequent years, 2013 and 2014. the hadvs were detected using a respiratory virus panel fast assay (xtag rvp fast v2) and with a hadv-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction; their nucleo ... | 2016 | 27045588 |
| development of a multiplex rt-pcr for simultaneous diagnosis of human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) from clinical specimens. | human metapneumovirus (hmpv) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) are ubiquitous respiratory viral pathogens. they belong to the family paramyxoviridae (subfamily pneumovirinae) and is responsible for acute respiratory tract infections in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. we designed and tested a multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (mrt-pcr) as a cost-effective alternative to real-time pcr and cell culture based detection for hmpv and hrsv. the newly ... | 2016 | 28004017 |
| viral pathogens among elderly people with acute respiratory infections in shanghai, china: preliminary results from a laboratory-based surveillance, 2012-2015. | acute respiratory infections (aris), with viral pathogens as the major contributors, are the most common illnesses worldwide, and increase the morbidity and mortality among the elderly population. the clinical and pathological features of elderly people with aris need to be identified for disease intervention. from january 1(st) , 2012 through december 31(st) , 2015, respiratory specimens from patients above 60 years old with aris were collected from the outpatient and inpatient settings of six ... | 2016 | 27943329 |
| aberrant t cell immunity triggered by human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus infection. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) and human metapneumovirus (hmpv) are the two major etiological viral agents of lower respiratory tract diseases, affecting mainly infants, young children and the elderly. although the infection of both viruses trigger an antiviral immune response that mediate viral clearance and disease resolution in immunocompetent individuals, the promotion of long-term immunity appears to be deficient and reinfection are common throughout life. a possible explanation f ... | 2016 | 27911218 |
| human metapneumovirus in the preterm neonate: current perspectives. | premature birth (<37 weeks gestation) occurs in ~11% of all births in the us. these infants are at risk of chronic lung disease and respiratory conditions, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia. respiratory viruses are important causes of acute respiratory illness (ari) in preterm infants, leading to rehospitalization, increased health care burden, and long-term morbidity. human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a paramyxovirus discovered in 2001 that is related to respiratory syncytial virus. epidemiolo ... | 2016 | 27891060 |
| viral respiratory infections in a nursing home: a six-month prospective study. | the knowledge on viral respiratory infections in nursing home (nh) residents and their caregivers is limited. the purpose of the present study was to assess and compare the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ari) in nursing home (nh) residents and staff, to identify viruses involved in ari and to correlate viral etiology with clinical manifestations of ari. | 2016 | 27814689 |
| rapid profiling of rsv antibody repertoires from the memory b cells of naturally infected adult donors. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in young children and the elderly. there are currently no licensed rsv vaccines, and passive prophylaxis with the monoclonal antibody palivizumab is restricted to high-risk infants in part due to its modest efficacy. although it is widely agreed that an effective rsv vaccine will require the induction of a potent neutralizing antibody response against the rsv fusion (f) glycoprotein, little is known about the specificit ... | 2016 | 28111638 |
| severity of respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection with viral coinfection in hiv-uninfected children. | molecular diagnostics enable sensitive detection of respiratory viruses, but their clinical significance remains unclear in pediatric lower respiratory tract infection (lrti). we aimed to determine whether viral coinfections increased life-threatening disease in a large cohort. | 2016 | 27927871 |
| thermoresponsive polymer nanoparticles co-deliver rsv f trimers with a tlr-7/8 adjuvant. | structure-based vaccine design has been used to develop immunogens that display conserved neutralization sites on pathogens such as hiv-1, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and influenza. improving the immunogenicity of these designed immunogens with adjuvants will require formulations that do not alter protein antigenicity. here, we show that nanoparticle-forming thermoresponsive polymers (trp) allow for co-delivery of rsv fusion (f) protein trimers with toll-like receptor 7 and 8 agonists (tl ... | 2016 | 27583777 |
| a structural and mathematical modeling analysis of the likelihood of antibody-dependent enhancement in influenza. | broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (bnabs) for viral infections, such as hiv, respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and influenza, are increasingly entering clinical development. for influenza, most neutralizing antibodies target influenza virus hemagglutinin. these bnabs represent an emerging, promising modality for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza due to their multiple mechanisms of antiviral action and generally safe profile. preclinical work in other viral diseases, such as dengue ... | 2016 | 27751627 |
| respiratory virus-associated severe acute respiratory illness and viral clustering in malawian children in a setting with a high prevalence of hiv infection, malaria, and malnutrition. | we used data from 4 years of pediatric severe acute respiratory illness (sari) sentinel surveillance in blantyre, malawi, to identify factors associated with clinical severity and coviral clustering. | 2016 | 27630199 |
| ending preventable maternal and newborn deaths due to infection. | over 300,000 maternal deaths occur each year, 11% of which are thought to be due to infectious causes, and approximately one million newborns die within the first week of life annually due to infectious causes. infections in pregnancy may result in a variety of adverse obstetrical outcomes, including preterm delivery, pre-labor rupture of membranes, stillbirth, spontaneous abortion, congenital infection, and anomalies. this paper reviews the burden of disease due to key infections and their cont ... | 2016 | 27450868 |
| clinical characterisation and phylogeny of respiratory syncytial virus infection in hospitalised children at red cross war memorial children's hospital, cape town. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children in both the community and hospital setting. | 2016 | 27246848 |
| maternal immunization: optimizing protection for the mother and infant. | immunizing the pregnant woman to protect both the mother and her infant from infection has been utilized increasingly over the last decade. new outbreaks of pandemic influenza and the resurgence of pertussis have resulted in policy changes and shifts in health authority recommendations for a number of vaccines aimed to protect both pregnant women and their infants in the first months of life. the ability of maternal immunoglobulin igg antibodies to be transported readily across the healthy intac ... | 2016 | 27233120 |
| epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection in hiv-exposed uninfected infants. | increased morbidity and mortality from lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) has been suggested in hiv-exposed uninfected (heu) children; however, the contribution of respiratory viruses is unclear. we studied the epidemiology of lrti hospitalization in hiv-unexposed uninfected (huu) and heu infants aged <6 months in south africa. | 2016 | 27025960 |
| the role of influenza, rsv and other common respiratory viruses in severe acute respiratory infections and influenza-like illness in a population with a high hiv sero-prevalence, south africa 2012-2015. | viruses detected in patients with acute respiratory infections may be the cause of illness or asymptomatic shedding. | 2016 | 26741826 |
| a celebration of the life and work of caroline breese hall, md. | 2016 | 26908498 | |
| a nationwide survey of common viral infections in childhood among patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases. | patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases (pid) are highly susceptible to various microorganisms. however, no population-based studies have been performed among common viral pathogens, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), rotavirus (rv), varicella-zoster virus (vzv) and influenza virus (iv). the objective of this study was to reveal the clinical burden of these four infections among pid patients in japan. | 2016 | 27498293 |
| an overview of infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. | infections are the most common and significant cause of mortality and morbidity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-hsct). the presence of neutropenia and mucosal damage are the leading risk factors in the early pre-engraftment phase. in the early post-engraftment phase, graft versus host disease (gvhd) induced infection risk is increased in addition to catheter related infections. in the late phase, in which reconstitution of cellular and humoral immunity continues, a ... | 2016 | 27344206 |
| human coronaviruses in severe acute respiratory infection (sari) cases in southwest india. | acute viral respiratory infections (avri) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among all age groups globally. except for influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus, mostly viral aetiology of avri remains undiagnosed. lately, human coronaviruses (hcovs) have emerged as an important aetiology of avri. a laboratory based retrospective cross sectional study was conducted in which respiratory samples (throat swabs) of patients (n = 864), with influenza negative sari, of all age groups ... | 2016 | 26512711 |
| incidence and viral aetiologies of acute respiratory illnesses (aris) in the united states: a population-based study. | we conducted prospective, community-wide surveillance for acute respiratory illnesses (aris) in rochester, ny and marshfield, wi during a 3-month period in winter 2011. we estimated the incidence of aris in each community, tested for viruses, and determined the proportion of aris associated with healthcare visits. we used a rolling cross-sectional design to sample participants, conducted telephone interviews to assess ari symptoms (defined as a current illness with feverishness or cough within t ... | 2016 | 26931351 |
| approved antiviral drugs over the past 50 years. | since the first antiviral drug, idoxuridine, was approved in 1963, 90 antiviral drugs categorized into 13 functional groups have been formally approved for the treatment of the following 9 human infectious diseases: (i) hiv infections (protease inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, entry inhibitors, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and acyclic nucleoside phosphonate analogues), (ii) hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections (lamivudine, interferon ... | 2016 | 27281742 |
| chimeric virus-like particles containing a conserved region of the g protein in combination with a single peptide of the m2 protein confer protection against respiratory syncytial virus infection. | to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of a virus-like particle (vlp) vaccine composed of the conserved antigenic epitopes of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the chimeric rsv vlps hbcδ-tg and hbcδ-tg/m282-90 were generated based on the truncated hepatitis b virus core protein (hbcδ). hbcδ-tg consisted of hbcδ, the conserved region (aa 144-204) of the rsv g protein. hbcδ-tg was combined with a single peptide (aa 82-90) of the m2 protein to generate hbcδ-tg/m282-90. immunization of mice wi ... | 2016 | 27154395 |
| c-terminal dxd-containing sequences within paramyxovirus nucleocapsid proteins determine matrix protein compatibility and can direct foreign proteins into budding particles. | paramyxovirus particles are formed by a budding process coordinated by viral matrix (m) proteins. m proteins coalesce at sites underlying infected cell membranes and induce other viral components, including viral glycoproteins and viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vrnps), to assemble at these locations from which particles bud. m proteins interact with the nucleocapsid (np or n) components of vrnps, and these interactions enable production of infectious, genome-containing virions. for the param ... | 2016 | 26792745 |
| murine norovirus (mnv-1) exposure in vitro to the purine nucleoside analog ribavirin increases quasispecies diversity. | ribavirin is a pharmaceutical antiviral used for the treatment of rna virus infections including norovirus, hepatitis c virus, hepatitis e virus, lassa virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and rhinovirus. despite the drug's history and documented efficacy, the antiviral mechanism of ribavirin remains unclear. mechanisms proposed include depletion of the intracellular gtp pool, immunomodulatory effects, induction of error catastrophe, inhibition of viral polymerase activity, and/or inhibition of v ... | 2016 | 26494169 |
| ten-year study of the stringently defined otitis-prone child in rochester, ny. | this review summarizes a prospective, longitudinal 10-year study in rochester, ny, with virtually every clinically diagnosed acute otitis media (aom) confirmed by bacterial culture of middle ear fluid. children experiencing 3 episodes within 6 months or 4 episodes in 12 months were considered stringently defined otitis prone (sop). we found stringent diagnosis compared with clinical diagnosis reduced the frequency of children meeting the op definition from 27% to 6% resulting in 14.8% and 2.4% r ... | 2016 | 27273691 |
| exposure to common respiratory bacteria alters the airway epithelial response to subsequent viral infection. | colonization of the airways with potential pathogenic bacteria is observed in a number of chronic respiratory diseases, such as copd or cystic fibrosis. infections with respiratory viruses are known triggers of exacerbations of these diseases. we here investigated if pre-exposure to bacteria alters the response of lung epithelial cells to subsequent viral infection. | 2016 | 27259950 |
| intercellular adhesion molecule 1 serves as a primary cognate receptor for the type iv pilus of nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) utilizes the type iv pilus (tfp) to adhere to respiratory tract epithelial cells thus colonizing its human host; however, the host cell receptor to which this adhesive protein binds is unknown. from a panel of receptors engaged by tfp expressed by other bacterial species, we showed that the majority subunit of nthi tfp, pila, bound to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (icam1) and that this interaction was both specific and of high affinity. further, tfp- ... | 2016 | 26857242 |
| impact of meteorological factors on lower respiratory tract infections in children. | to evaluate retrospectively the relationship between meteorological factors in shenmu county, yulin city, shaanxi province, china and the incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in children. | 2016 | 26658270 |
| nasopharyngeal microbiota, host transcriptome, and disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalizations in infants worldwide. known risk factors, however, incompletely explain the variability of rsv disease severity, especially among healthy children. we postulate that the severity of rsv infection is influenced by modulation of the host immune response by the local bacterial ecosystem. | 2016 | 27135599 |
| incidence of respiratory disease during the first two years of life in children with hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease in italy: a retrospective study. | children affected by hemodynamically significant congenital heart disease (hschd) experience severe respiratory complications that can increase the frequency of hospitalizations. the aim of the sinergy study was to describe the incidence of respiratory diseases and to collect information on active and passive immunoprophylaxis in the first 2 years of life. in this retrospective, multicenter, and epidemiologic study, children with hschd were enrolled across 11 italian sites. children born between ... | 2016 | 27573216 |
| non-typeable haemophilus influenzae protects human airway epithelial cells from a subsequent respiratory syncytial virus challenge. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the common commensal and opportunistic pathogen, non-typeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) both serve as a frequent cause of respiratory infection in children. although it is well established that some respiratory viruses can increase host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, few studies have examined how commensal bacteria could influence a secondary viral response. here, we examined the impact of nthi exposure on a subsequent rsv infection of ... | 2016 | 27573069 |
| analysis of antiviral properties of hexoral in vitro against some viruses that cause acute respiratory infections and herpes. | antiviral properties of hexoral (0.1% solution and 0.2% aerosol for local application) and its constituent hexetidine against viruses causing human respiratory tract infections and herpes virus were studied in vitro. it was found that non-cytotoxic concentrations of hexetidine (alone and as a component of hexoral) attenuated infectious properties of highly virulent influenza virus a/h5n1, pandemic influenza virus a/h1n1pdm, respiratory syncytial virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 after a sho ... | 2016 | 26750930 |
| viral inhibition of bacterial phagocytosis by human macrophages: redundant role of cd36. | macrophages are essential to maintaining lung homoeostasis and recent work has demonstrated that influenza-infected lung macrophages downregulate their expression of the scavenger receptor cd36. this receptor has also been shown to be involved in phagocytosis of streptococcus pneumoniae, a primary agent associated with pneumonia secondary to viral infection. the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cd36 in the effects of viral infection on macrophage phagocytic function. human monocy ... | 2016 | 27701435 |
| incidence and clinical course of respiratory viral coinfections in children aged 0-59 months. | clinical data available on coinfections are contradictory concerning both the number of viruses involved and the severity of the condition. a total of 114 patients aged 0-59 months with symptoms of respiratory tract infection were enrolled into the study. nasal and pharyngeal swabs were tested using the pcr method for the following 12 viruses: influenza a, influenza b, respiratory syncytial virus a (rsv a), respiratory syncytial virus b (rsv b), adenovirus, metapneumovirus, coronavirus 229e/nl63 ... | 2016 | 26801151 |
| outcomes of influenza infections in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: application of an immunodeficiency scoring index. | hematopoietic cell transplant (hct) recipients have lower immune response to influenza vaccination and are susceptible to lower respiratory tract infection (lri) and death. we determined clinical characteristics and outcomes of laboratory-confirmed influenza, including 2014/h3n2 infection, in 146 hct recipients. an immunodeficiency scoring index (isi) was applied to identify patients at high risk for lri and death. thirty-three patients (23%) developed lri and 7 (5%) died within 30 days of diagn ... | 2016 | 26638804 |
| surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections in southern arizona, 2010-2014. | the binational border infectious disease surveillance program began surveillance for severe acute respiratory infections (sari) on the us-mexico border in 2009. here, we describe patients in southern arizona. | 2016 | 26590069 |
| the clinical usefulness of lymphocyte:monocyte ratios in differentiating influenza from viral non-influenza-like illnesses in hospitalized adults during the 2015 influenza a (h3n2) epidemic: the uniqueness of hpiv-3 mimicking influenza a. | during influenza epidemics, influenza-like illnesses (ilis) viruses cocirculate with influenza strains. if positive, rapid influenza diagnostic tests (ridts) identify influenza a/b, but false-negative ridts require retesting by viral polymerase chain reaction (pcr). patient volume limits testing during influenza epidemics, and non-specific laboratory findings have been used for presumptive diagnosis pending definitive viral testing. in adults, the most useful laboratory abnormalities in influenz ... | 2016 | 26563893 |
| [differential diagnosis of the viral etiology of suspected mumps in a population with high vaccine coverage]. | in this study, buccal swabs from patients with the clinical picture of parotitis epidemica in whom mumps virus (mv) infection was not confirmed by direct detection or serologically were tested. the aim was to detect by molecular methods nucleic acids (nas) of other respiratory viruses possibly involved in salivary gland swelling. at the same time, paired sera, if available, were tested. | 2016 | 28078898 |
| [influenza surveillance in five consecutive seasons during post pandemic period: results from national influenza center, turkey]. | influenza surveillance provides data about the characteristics of influenza activity, types, sub-types and antigenic properties of the influenza viruses in circulation in a region. surveillance also provides for the preparation against potential influenza pandemics with the identification of the genetic properties of viruses and the mutant strains that could pose a threat. in this study, data in the scope of national influenza surveillance carried out by national influenza center, turkey for fiv ... | 2016 | 27525396 |
| characteristics of severe acute respiratory infectionassociated hospitalization in yemen, 2014/15. | this study aims to describe etiological agents, demographic details of patients, seasonality and underlying conditions among patients hospitalized due to viral severe acute respiratory infection (sari) in yemen. we carried out a retrospective descriptive analysis of data from january 2014 to december 2015. nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from each patient for laboratory testing. a total of 1346 diagnostic specimens were tested, of which 733 (54%) were positive for influenza viruses. influenza a( ... | 2016 | 27714737 |
| viral infection in the development and progression of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome. | viral infections are an important cause of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards). numerous viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza a (h1n1) virus, have been implicated in the progression of pneumonia to ards; yet the incidence of progression is unknown. despite acute and chronic morbidity associated with respiratory viral infections, particularly in "at risk" populations, treatment options are limited. thus, with few exceptions, care is symptomatic. in a ... | 2016 | 27933286 |
| monitoring respiratory virus infection in the metropolitan area of belo horizonte, brazil, 2011-2013. | to analyze the circulation of respiratory viruses in people living in the metropolitan area of belo horizonte, brazil, and hospitalized in belo horizonte from 2011 to 2013. | 2016 | 27869941 |
| biophysical characterization of g protein ectodomain of group b human respiratory syncytial virus from e. coli. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is an important pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection. the g protein of hrsv is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is a neutralizing antigen and is thus a vaccine candidate. in this study, synthetic codon optimized ectodomain g protein [g(δtm)] of ba genotype of group b hrsv was cloned, expressed, and characterized using biophysical techniques. the molar absorption coefficient and mean residue ellipticity at 222 nm ([θ]222) of g (δtm) was found to ... | 2016 | 26444871 |
| tiotropium attenuates virus-induced pulmonary inflammation in cigarette smoke-exposed mice. | viral infections trigger exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), and tiotropium, a m3 receptor antagonist, reduces exacerbations in patients by unknown mechanisms. in this report, we investigated whether tiotropium has anti-inflammatory effects in mice exposed to cigarette smoke (cs) and infected with influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and compared these effects with those of steroid fluticasone and pde4-inhibitor roflumilast. mice were e ... | 2016 | 27016458 |
| viral infections in children in the 2014/2015 epidemic season in poland. | in every epidemic season, viral infections affect the general population, including children, which is an underestimated issue. the present study demonstrates the results of examination of 802 clinical samples obtained from pediatric patients aged 0-14 years during the 2014/2015 epidemic season in poland. the study was part of the virological surveillance systems - sentinel and non-sentinel. a positive result for virological infection was obtained in 50.9 % of samples tested. the distribution of ... | 2016 | 26987329 |
| antigenic drift of a/h3n2/virus and circulation of influenza-like viruses during the 2014/2015 influenza season in poland. | morbidity rates of influenza could be greatly reduced due to vaccination. however, the virus is able to evolve through genetic mutations, which is why vaccines with updated composition are necessary every season. their effectiveness depends on whether there is a good antigenic match between circulating viruses and vaccine strains. in poland, the 2014/2015 influenza epidemic started in week 5 (january/february) of 2015 and continued until week 17 (april) of 2015. the influenza activity was modera ... | 2016 | 26956457 |
| virological surveillance of influenza and other respiratory viruses during six consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2012 in catalonia, spain. | most attention is given to seasonal influenza and respiratory syncytial virus outbreaks, but the cumulative burden caused by other respiratory viruses (rv) is not widely considered. the aim of the present study is to describe the circulation of rv in the general population during six consecutive seasons from 2006 to 2012 in catalonia, spain. cell culture, immunofluorescence and pcr-based assays were used for the rv laboratory-confirmation and influenza subtyping. phylogenetic and molecular chara ... | 2016 | 26939538 |
| long-term shedding of influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and nosocomial epidemiology in patients with hematological disorders. | respiratory viruses are a cause of upper respiratory tract infections (urti), but can be associated with severe lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in immunocompromised patients. the objective of this study was to investigate the genetic variability of influenza virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the duration of viral shedding in hematological patients. nasopharyngeal swabs from hematological patients were screened for influenza, parainfluenza and rsv on a ... | 2016 | 26866481 |
| bacteremia in children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus infection. | the risk of bacteremia is considered low in children with acute bronchiolitis. however the rate of occult bacteremia in infants with rsv infection is not well established. the aim was to determine the actual rate and predictive factors of bacteremia in children admitted to hospital due to confirmed rsv acute respiratory illness (ari), using both conventional culture and molecular techniques. | 2016 | 26872131 |
| update from the advisory committee on immunization practices. | the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) consists of medical and public health experts who develop recommendations on vaccine use in the united states. the acip meets 3 times per year, and members and centers for disease control (cdc) staff present findings and discuss vaccine research, vaccine effectiveness (ve) and safety, clinical trial results, and labeling/package insert information. outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases and vaccine shortages are also discussed. nonvoting ... | 2016 | 27856770 |
| epidemiological and clinical features of enteroviral acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized paediatric patients in a malaysian tertiary center. | human enteroviruses (hevs) have been recognized to cause a significant number of respiratory tract infections in many regions. previous studies conducted to analyse enteroviral respiratory tract infections focused on outbreaks. data in the southeast asian region is still rather limited to date. | 2016 | 28064293 |
| inhibitory effects of bee venom and its components against viruses in vitro and in vivo. | bee venom (bv) from honey bee (apis melifera l.) contains at least 18 pharmacologically active components including melittin (mlt), phospholipase a2 (pla2), and apamin etc. bv is safe for human treatments dose dependently and proven to possess different healing properties including antibacterial and antiparasitidal properties. nevertheless, antiviral properties of bv have not well investigated. hence, we identified the potential antiviral properties of bv and its component against a broad panel ... | 2016 | 27888461 |
| cyclopiazonic acid, an inhibitor of calcium-dependent atpases with antiviral activity against human respiratory syncytial virus. | human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide, yet no vaccine or effective antiviral treatment is available. to search for new anti-rsv agents, we developed a cell-based assay that measures inhibition of rsv-induced cytopathic effect (cpe) and identified cyclopiazonic acid (cpa), an intracellular calcium atpase inhibitor as a rsv inhibitor (ec50 values 4.13 μm) by screening of natural product library. cpa i ... | 2016 | 27210812 |
| prevalence of neutralizing antibodies to common respiratory viruses in intravenous immunoglobulin and in healthy donors in southern china. | acute respiratory infections (aris) are a leading cause of death among children under the age of 5. however, there are no effective drugs for most of these severe viral infections. passive immunotherapy with convalescent plasma or hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (h-ivig) is a potential therapeutic option for serious viral infections. it is important to find a suitable source of convalescent plasma and of h-ivig containing high titer neutralizing antibodies (nabs). | 2016 | 27162653 |
| cell fusion assay by expression of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein to analyze the mutation of palivizumab-resistant strains. | respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) consists of fusion (f), glyco (g), and small hydrophobic (sh) proteins as envelope proteins, and infects through cell fusion. f protein is expressed on the surface of infected cells, and induces cell fusion. in the present report, expression plasmids of the f, g and sh proteins were constructed and cell fusion activity was investigated under t7 rna polymerase. f protein alone induced cell fusion at a lower concentration than previously reported, and co-expressio ... | 2016 | 26794681 |
| immunogenicity of an adeno-vector vaccine expressing the f protein of a respiratory syncytial virus manufactured from serum-free suspension culture. | we have developed an efficient cell culture process to scale up the production of a recombinant adenovirus that expresses the membrane-trunked fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv; ad-f0δtm). adherent cells of human embryonic kidney (hek) 293-derived cell, 293a, which supports the production of e1/e3-deleted ad-f0δtm when cultured in the presence of fetal bovine serum (fbs), were adapted to suspension growth under serum-free medium. in doing so, we studied the immunogenicity of ad- ... | 2016 | 27001351 |
| therapeutic efficacy of the small molecule gs-5734 against ebola virus in rhesus monkeys. | the most recent ebola virus outbreak in west africa, which was unprecedented in the number of cases and fatalities, geographic distribution, and number of nations affected, highlights the need for safe, effective, and readily available antiviral agents for treatment and prevention of acute ebola virus (ebov) disease (evd) or sequelae. no antiviral therapeutics have yet received regulatory approval or demonstrated clinical efficacy. here we report the discovery of a novel small molecule gs-5734, ... | 2016 | 26934220 |
| current views and advances on paediatric virology: an update for paediatric trainees. | paediatric virology is a bold new scientific field, which combines paediatrics with virology, epidemiology, molecular medicine, evidence-based medicine, clinical governance, quality improvement, pharmacology and immunology. the workshop on paediatric virology, which took place on saturday october 10, 2015 in athens, greece, provided an overview of recent views and advances on viral infections occurring in neonates and children. it was included in the official programme of the 20th world congress ... | 2016 | 26889211 |
| a generic screening platform for inhibitors of virus induced cell fusion using cellular electrical impedance. | fusion of the viral envelope with host cell membranes is an essential step in the life cycle of all enveloped viruses. despite such a clear target for antiviral drug development, few anti-fusion drugs have progressed to market. one significant hurdle is the absence of a generic, high-throughput, reproducible fusion assay. here we report that real time, label-free measurement of cellular electrical impedance can quantify cell-cell fusion mediated by either individually expressed recombinant viral ... | 2016 | 26976324 |
| basic chemokine-derived glycosaminoglycan binding peptides exert antiviral properties against dengue virus serotype 2, herpes simplex virus-1 and respiratory syncytial virus. | chemokines attract leukocytes to sites of infection in a g protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) and glycosaminoglycan (gag) dependent manner. therefore, chemokines are crucial molecules for proper functioning of our antimicrobial defense mechanisms. in addition, some chemokines have gpcr-independent defensin-like antimicrobial activities against bacteria and fungi. recently, high affinity for gags has been reported for the positively charged cooh-terminal region of the chemokine cxcl9. in addition to ... | 2016 | 26551597 |
| anti-respiratory syncytial virus compounds from two endophytic fungi isolated from nigerian medicinal plants. | background: respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is known to cause severe respiratory infections particularly in infants younger than 2 years of age. the only approved drug, ribavirin, is expensive and is not likely to improve therapeutic outcome, thereby necessitating the search for safer and more potent alternatives from natural sources such as endophytic fungi. the present study aimed to investigate the anti-rsv activity of compounds from endophytic fungi. methods: two endophytic fungi colletotr ... | 2016 | 27463031 |
| high frequency jet ventilation in respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus infection: a case series. | to describe the utility of high frequency jet ventilation (hfjv) as a rescue therapy in patients with respiratory failure secondary to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) that was refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation (cmv). | 2016 | 27626028 |
| virus infection facilitates the development of severe pneumonia in transplant patients with hematologic malignancies. | allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) is an effective therapy for patients with hematologic malignancies. severe pneumonia is associated with high mortality rate in hsct recipients. viral co-infection indicates a poor prognosis of hsct recipients. in this study, a total of 68 allogeneic hsct recipients were included. cytomegalovirus (cmv) and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was assessed by testing peripheral blood and oropharynx swabs, respectively, collected in t ... | 2016 | 27340772 |
| how efficacious are vaccines against bovine respiratory syncytial virus in cattle? | bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is a paramyxovirus that is the major cause of pneumonia in calves. vaccines for this important pathogen have been available since the late 1970's. this review is a critical assessment of the literature including, experimental challenge studies and field trials, that address the efficacy of commonly used vaccines to control respiratory disease caused by brsv. | 2016 | 28024854 |
| molecular evolution of the fusion protein gene in human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a. | we studied the molecular evolution of the fusion protein (f) gene in the human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a (hrsv-a). we performed time-scaled phylogenetic analyses using the bayesian markov chain monte carlo (mcmc) method. we also conducted genetic distance (p-distance), positive/negative selection, and bayesian skyline plot analyses. furthermore, we mapped the amino acid substitutions of the protein. the mcmc-constructed tree indicated that the hrsv f gene diverged from the bovine rs ... | 2016 | 27291709 |
| bovine gamma delta t cells contribute to exacerbated il-17 production in response to co-infection with bovine rsv and mannheimia haemolytica. | human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a leading cause of severe lower respiratory tract infection in children under five years of age. il-17 and th17 responses are increased in children infected with hrsv and have been implicated in both protective and pathogenic roles during infection. bovine rsv (brsv) is genetically closely related to hrsv and is a leading cause of severe respiratory infections in young cattle. while brsv infection in the calf parallels many aspects of human infection w ... | 2016 | 26942409 |
| γδ t cells and the immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection. | γδ t cells are a subset of nonconventional t cells that play a critical role in bridging the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. γδ t cells are particularly abundant in ruminant species and may constitute up to 60% of the circulating lymphocyte pool in young cattle. the frequency of circulating γδ t cells is highest in neonatal calves and declines as the animal ages, suggesting these cells may be particularly important in the immune system of the very young. bovine respiratory syncyti ... | 2016 | 26923879 |
| adverse effects of a 10-day course of ibuprofen in holstein calves. | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsaids) are recommended for various conditions in cattle. ibuprofen is an inexpensive short-acting nsaid and is readily available in liquid formulation for administration to bottle-fed calves. we compared the adverse effects of a 10-day course of ibuprofen and placebo in 16 five- to six-week-old holstein bull calves that were being treated for experimentally induced bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. ibuprofen was administered as a liquid in milk ... | 2016 | 26876241 |
| bovine respiratory syncytial virus outbreak reduced bulls' weight gain and feed conversion for eight months in a norwegian beef herd. | cost-benefit evaluation of measures against respiratory disease in cattle requires accounting with the associated production losses. investigations of naturally occurring respiratory infections in a herd setting are an opportunity for accurate estimates of the consequences. this article presents estimates based on individual monitoring of weight and concentrate intake of several hundred bulls previous to, during and after a respiratory infection outbreak with bovine respiratory syncytial virus ( ... | 2016 | 26810215 |
| host immune response to histophilus somni. | histophilus somni is known to cause several overlapping syndromes or to be found in genital or upper respiratory carrier states in ruminants. vaccines have been used for decades, yet efficacy is controversial and mechanisms of protective immunity are not well understood. since h. somni survives phagocytosis, it has sometimes been considered to be a facultative intercellular parasite, implying that cell-mediated immunity would be critical in protection. however, h. somni not only inhibits phagocy ... | 2016 | 26728062 |