Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
development of pneumonia in desert bighorn sheep after exposure to a flock of exotic wild and domestic sheep.from 1986 to 1989, 5 desert bighorn sheep (3 ovis canadensis mexicana and 2 o c nelsoni), ranging in age from 2 to 3 years, were exposed to a flock of exotic wild and domestic sheep to potentially achieve naturally acquired pneumonia. pasteurella multocida was isolated from nasal samples from 4 of 6 sheep randomly sampled from the flock. bighorn sheep were exposed individually and each exposure period was a trial. treatment before and after exposure varied and included combinations of alpha inte ...19912032914
use of synthetic peptides to locate neutralizing antigenic domains on the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus.chemical and enzymic cleavages of the f1 subunit of the fusion (f) protein of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus showed that the sequence 184-gly to 314-trp reacted with neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mabs). twelve synthetic peptides covering a part of this sequence were analysed for their immunoreactivity with neutralizing mabs and anti-rs virus rabbit serum. two sequential antigenic domains corresponding to amino acids 200 to 225 and 255 to 278 were defined with anti-rs virus rabbit serum. ...19912033389
detection of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal secretions by shell vial technique.a shell vial technique was used to recover respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) from frozen nasopharyngeal specimens previously tested by rapid diagnostic methods. with specimens determined to be positive by direct fluorescence assay (dfa), the shell vial technique was at least as sensitive as conventional tissue culture (92 versus 90%). the majority of rsv isolates were detected within 16 h postinoculation, versus an average of 4.5 days by conventional techniques. also, the shell vial method recov ...19912037662
comparison of two rapid methods for detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) (testpack rsv and ortho rsv elisa) with direct immunofluorescence and virus isolation for the diagnosis of pediatric rsv infection.the ability of two commercial immunoassays to detect respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in respiratory specimens was evaluated as follows: 152 specimens were tested by testpack rsv (abbott), and 72 were tested by ortho rsv elisa (ortho). test outcomes were compared with those of virus isolation alone, direct immunofluorescence assay (dfa) alone, or virus isolation and/or dfa. testpack rsv versus virus isolation showed 91% sensitivity, 96% specificity, 93% positive predictive value (ppv), and 95% ...19912037684
[respiratory tract infection and acute deterioration of obstructive lung disease].respiratory infection may aggravate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. viral respiratory infections may aggravate asthma, particularly in young individuals. respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus dominate in children while, in adults, influenza or rhinovirus infections are most frequently concerned. viral respiratory infections may also cause exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. bacteria and their products scarcely play any part in asthmatic disease but may possibly aggravate chronic bron ...19912042239
effect of passive antibody on the immune response of cotton rats to purified f and g glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv).the effect of passively transferred rsv immune serum on the antibody response to a single dose of purified rsv fusion (f) and large (g) glycoproteins was studied in cotton rats. passively transferred antibody that achieved serum antibody levels similar to those seen in newborn human infants resulted in a seven- to eightfold suppression of the neutralizing antibody response of cotton rats to low doses of purified f and g glycoproteins (0.2-1.7 micrograms) and a twofold suppression to higher doses ...19912042390
the nucleotide sequences of intergenic regions between nine genes of pneumonia virus of mice establish the physical order of these genes in the viral genome.we have cloned eight intergenic regions from the pneumovirus pneumonia virus of mice that link the nine small and medium sized genes previously described (chambers et al., 1990). the nucleotide sequences of the clones confirm the locations of these genes and their mrna transcripts in the viral genome. the intergenic regions vary in size from 2-56 nucleotides and show only faint homology to each other or to their analogues in respiratory syncytial virus. sequence alignments suggest that the locat ...19912042399
location of phosphorylated residues in human respiratory syncytial virus phosphoprotein.the phosphoprotein (p protein) from human respiratory syncytial virus long strain, labelled in vivo with [32p]orthophosphate, was purified from virions or virus-infected human epithelial (hep-2) cells. the main phosphorylated amino acid found was serine. the determination of the n-terminal sequence of unphosphorylated and phosphorylated fragments of p protein obtained after chemical or enzymic treatments suggested that some or all of the six serines present at positions 116, 117, 119, 143, 156 a ...19912045795
respiratory syncytial virus--from chimps with colds to conundrums and cures. 19912046710
nutritional and dietary interrelationships with diseases of feedlot cattle.feedlot economics dictate that highly fermentable rations be fed, leaving the ruminant constantly on the edge of lactic acidosis. consequently, a number of subtle changes in feed, environment, or management can tip the balance, causing ruminal acidosis. even though the animal may not die from the immediate effects of a metabolic acidosis, there are sequelae such as mycotic rumenitis, hepatic abscesses, cauda vena cava thrombosis, and pulmonary arterial thromboemolism that may cause subsequent lo ...19912049665
sequence analysis of the polymerase l gene of human respiratory syncytial virus and predicted phylogeny of nonsegmented negative-strand viruses.the complete nucleotide sequence of the large (l) polymerase gene of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strain a2 was determined by analysis of cloned-cdnas representing the entire gene and confirmed in part by dideoxy sequencing of genomic rna. the rsv l gene is 6578 nucleotides in length and contains a single major open reading frame that encodes a protein of 2165 amino acids. the molecular weight (250,226) and amino acid composition of the deduced rsv l protein are similar to those of ot ...19912053282
antigenic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus group a and b isolates in rio de janeiro, brazil.the antigenic characteristics of 87 strains of respiratory syncytial virus isolated in rio de janeiro, brazil, from 1982 to 1988 were determined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in an enzyme immunoassay. four of these mabs immunoprecipitated the fusion protein, and five immunoprecipitated the large glycoprotein. on the basis of the patterns of reaction of these mabs to respiratory syncytial virus isolates in an enzyme immunoassay, we were able to separate isolates into the two major ...19912037672
evaluation of an enzyme membrane immunoassay (directigen rsv) for the rapid diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus infections.a rapid enzyme immunoassay (eia) membrane test, the directigen respiratory syncytial virus (becton dickinson), was compared with cell culture, an indirect immunofluorescence (if) test, the monofluokit respiratory syncytial virus (diagnostics pasteur), and a conventional enzyme immunoassay antigen test, the abbott respiratory syncytial virus enzyme immunoassay in nasal aspirates specimens from children with suspected respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) bronchiolitis. the sensibility and specificity ...19912062553
prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus subgroups a and b in france from 1982 to 1990.a fluorescence antibody test with monoclonal antibodies was used to determine the subgroup (a or b) of respiratory syncytial virus from infants hospitalized in caen, france, over eight consecutive epidemics from 1982 to 1990. from 1982 to 1985, 27 (30%) out of 90 frozen nasal slides were classified as subgroup a strains and 63 (70%) were classified as subgroup b. b strains predominated over a in 1983-1984 and 1984-1985. from 1985 to 1990, 284 respiratory syncytial virus field strains were reisol ...19912064681
early use of indirect immunofluorescence for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus in hep-2 cell culture.respiratory syncytial virus is detected in cell culture by the presence of cytopathic effect. to detect rsv before cytopathic effect is usually seen, slides were evaluated retrospectively from 482 hep-2 cell cultures on days 2-4 after inoculation. indirect immunofluorescent staining detected rsv in 57 of 94 cultures that eventually were found positive by cytopathic effect. in an additional 19 cases that ultimately showed no cytopathic effect, rsv also was detected. in 15 of the latter cases, the ...19912069130
antiviral activities of 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4- carboxamide and related compounds.a series of novel compounds, 5-alkynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4- carboxamides, have been identified as broad-spectrum antiviral agents. 5-ethynyl-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylimidazole-4- carboxamide (eicar), the most potent congener of the group, showed antiviral potency about 10- to 100-fold greater than that of ribavirin. similar in spectrum to ribavirin, eicar was particularly active (50% inhibitory concentration, 0.2 to 4 micrograms/ml) against poxviruses (vaccinia virus), togaviruses (si ...19912069373
erythromycin and phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin v) in the treatment of respiratory tract infections as related to microbiological findings and serum c-reactive protein.respiratory tract pathogens (beta-haemolytic streptococci groups a, c and g, haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis or pneumococci), were isolated from nasopharyngeal and/or throat swabs in 73/138 (53%) patients greater than 10 years of age with a clinical diagnosis of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, purulent nasopharyngitis or acute bronchitis. serological evidence of a viral infection (influenza a and b, parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus) or mycopla ...19911909052
role of t lymphocyte subsets in the pathogenesis of primary infection and rechallenge with respiratory syncytial virus in mice.the role of cd4+ and cd8+ t lymphocytes in terminating respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) replication, causing disease, and protecting from reinfection was investigated using a balb/c mouse model in which cd4+ or cd8+ lymphocytes or both were depleted by injections of mab directed against the respective mouse lymphocyte determinants. kinetics of rsv replication, illness, and pathology were assessed after primary infection and rechallenge. both cd4+ and cd8+ lymphocyte subsets were involved in ter ...19911909350
respiratory syncytial virus and supraventricular tachycardia in an infant.a 7-week infant admitted with bronchiolitis proven to be caused by respiratory syncytial virus developed a supraventricular tachycardia which responded to digitalization. she has remained well and no longer requires medication 6 months later, her electrocardiogram now being normal. the course of the illness suggests an association between infection with respiratory syncytial virus and the development of the tachycardia.19911917175
defective synthesis of envelope proteins by temperature-sensitive mutants representing complementation groups b and d of respiratory syncytial virus.the phenotypes of two complementing temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus indicate that the mutational lesions involve the attachment (g) and matrix (m) proteins of the viral envelope. synthesis of the g protein was affected in cells infected with mutant tsa2 (complementation group b); the p50 precursor of the g protein was synthesized normally, but further maturation to the fully glycosylated form was defective at 39 degrees c. a non-ts alteration in the efficie ...19911919527
genes 1 and 2 of pneumonia virus of mice encode proteins which have little homology with the 1c and 1b proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus.genes 1 and 2 of pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) consist of 410 and 571 nucleotides and encode proteins of 113 and 156 amino acids respectively. the proteins show no extensive (gene 1 analogous to 1c) or low (gene 2 analogous to 1b) homology to their presumed counterparts in human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). the strongest homology is between regions of approximately 35 amino acids located near the carboxy termini of the gene 2 product and the 1b protein with 29% identity, although a lower ...19911919530
clinical observations on lower respiratory tract infections with special reference to serum ige levels.to examine if the occurrence of wheezing among children with lower respiratory tract infections is associated with atopic predisposition, serum levels of ige were determined for groups of children with or without wheezing, during infection with mycoplasma pneumoniae or respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). in m. pneumoniae infection, more than 60% of wheezy children over 2 years of age showed a high ige level (200 iu/ml or more), while ige levels were less than 200 iu/ml in 73% of non-wheezy childr ...19911923666
subacute effects of respiratory syncytial virus infection on lung function in lambs.we examined the effects of ovine respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection on lung mechanics, lung histology, and airway reactivity in lambs. nine lambs were inoculated with ovine rsv and seven control lambs with normal saline or viral media. serum neutralization titers were obtained prior to and 3 weeks post-inoculation (pi). open lung biopsies were performed 1 and 3 weeks pi. lung mechanics including dynamic compliance (cdyn), resistance of the lung (rl), and functional residual capacity (fr ...19911923668
effect of salbutamol on oxygen saturation in bronchiolitis.inhaled sympathomimetic agents are often used in bronchiolitis with little objective evidence of benefit. the arterial oxygen saturation (sao2) reflects the adequacy of ventilation-perfusion balance. the aim of the current study was to determine the effect of inhaled salbutamol on sao2. in a randomised, double blind study, 21 infants, admitted with bronchiolitis positive for respiratory syncytial virus, had continuous sao2 measurements made before and after nebulised salbutamol or placebo. sao2 ...19911929514
association between secretor status and respiratory viral illness.to determine whether non-secretion of blood group antigens is associated with respiratory virus diseases.19911932971
respiratory syncytial virus infection among intubated adults in a university medical intensive care unit.respiratory syncytial virus is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children. adults who are immunocompromised, aged, institutionalized, and/or have underlying medical diseases may be at risk for severe rsv infection. intubated adults in an micu were evaluated for evidence of rsv infection. respiratory secretions were analyzed by cell culture and rsv eia. serologic testing was obtained. respiratory secretions from micu personnel with acute respiratory symptoms and patients adm ...19911935297
value of bronchoalveolar lavage in diagnosing severe respiratory syncytial virus infections in infants. 19911941381
rescue of synthetic analogs of respiratory syncytial virus genomic rna and effect of truncations and mutations on the expression of a foreign reporter gene.the viral genomic rna (vrna) of human respiratory syncytial virus is a nonsegmented negative strand that is not infectious alone. to develop methods for complementing synthetic vrna with viral proteins, a cdna was constructed to encode a vrna in which all of the viral protein-coding sequences were removed and replaced with a negative-sense copy of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. upon transfection into respiratory syncytial virus-infected cells, the synthetic vrna was "rescu ...19911946383
ultrastructural features of alveolar lesions in induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of calves.ultrastructural changes occurred in alveolar epithelium in the acute and repair stages of induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight calves (calf nos. 1-7, 3 to 6 days old and calf no. 8, 2 weeks old), using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. five of the calves were friesians, three were hereford x friesians, and all were male. tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two friesian, one hereford x friesian) were also examined. evidence of respiratory syncy ...19911949507
ultrastructural features of lesions in bronchiolar epithelium in induced respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia of calves.ultrastructural changes were observed in bronchioles in acute and repair stages of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia induced in eight young calves (calf nos. 1-8) using a bovine strain of respiratory syncytial virus. five of the calves were friesians and three were hereford x friesians and all were male. tissues from three mock-infected control calves (two friesian, one hereford x friesian) were also examined. calves were from 3 to 6 days old at the time of first inoculation, with the except ...19911949508
cytotoxic t cell responses in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.the role of cell-mediated immune response in the immunopathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) infection is not well established. in the present study, cytotoxic t cell responses of brsv-infected lambs were examined using the chromium release assay. lambs experimentally infected with brsv developed cytotoxic lymphocytes in the peripheral blood and the spleen, which lysed brsv-infected but not uninfected cells. peak cytotoxic activity occurred 10-14 days after infection. pretrea ...19911949569
effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on airway function in neonatal calves.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection causes severe lower respiratory tract disease in infants and calves. neonatal respiratory tract infection in children often produces persistent changes in lung function. the specific objective of this study was to determine whether neonatal calves have transient or persistent alterations in pulmonary function and airway reactivity following rsv infection. six 2- to 3-day-old holstein bull calves were inoculated with 10 ml of bovine respiratory syncytia ...19911952323
dual-enzyme cascade-magnetic separation immunoassay for respiratory syncytial virus.a new immunoassay developed for the detection of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) makes use of magnetic separation and amplification by a dual-enzyme cascade for signal generation. magnetic particles are conjugated to monoclonal anti-rsv antibodies through the heterobifunctional crosslinker sulfosuccinimidyl 4-(maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane-1-carboxylate, yielding particles of high specific activity and low background. the dual-enzyme cascade is initiated by activation of a masked inhibitor for t ...19912010616
interleukin-1-inhibitor activity induced by respiratory syncytial virus: abrogation of virus-specific and alternate human lymphocyte proliferative responses.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection has been shown to induce human mononuclear leukocyte (mnl) production of net interleukin-1 (il-1)-inhibitor activity. in the current studies of il-1-inhibitor effects, rsv-exposed cells were compared with autologous mnl that were sham-exposed or exposed to inactivated rsv or influenza virus (which induces net il-1 activity and commonly elicits effective homotypic immunity). exposure of mnl to influenza virus or inactivated rsv resulted in increased exp ...19911984478
molecular cloning and sequence analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus mrna encoding the major nucleocapsid protein.the nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the major nucleocapsid (n) protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) has been determined. the n mrna is 1196 nucleotides long with a single, large open reading frame. the derived polypeptide has 391 amino acids corresponding to a calculated molecular weight of 42,600 da. this is in agreement with the molecular weight of 43,000 da determined for the brsv n protein by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). comparison of the nucleotide ...19911984667
antiviral drug therapy.major advances in molecular virology have led to the development of new antiviral compounds. these drugs include ribavirin, used in the treatment of severe respiratory syncytial virus infection in children; amantadine, used in the prophylaxis and treatment of influenza a infection; acyclovir, used in a variety of herpesvirus infections, including primary gingivostomatitis, genital herpes and herpes zoster; ganciclovir, used in the treatment of retinitis due to cytomegalovirus, and zidovudine, us ...19911986488
effectiveness of enteric immunization in the development of secretory immunoglobulin a response and the outcome of infection with respiratory syncytial virus.cotton rats were immunized via intranasal, intradermal, or enteric routes with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or a live recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the rsv f glycoprotein (vaccinia f). the animals were tested for the appearance of rsv-specific antibody responses in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage, and nasal wash after immunization and for virus replication 4 days after intranasal challenge with rsv. rsv antibody response in the serum and respiratory tract was demonstrated in all i ...19911987374
comparison of the virulence of wild-type thymidine kinase (tk)-deficient and tk+ phenotypes of vaccinia virus recombinants after intranasal inoculation of mice.a recombinant vaccinia virus vector was constructed which expressed the major surface glycoprotein g of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the thymidine kinase (tk) gene of vaccinia virus. the virulence of this tk+ recombinant virus was compared with that of a tk- recombinant and the wild-type (wt) virus after intranasal inoculation of mice. respiratory infection with wt virus resulted in a lethal infection with widespread dissemination of virus. in contrast, infection with the tk- reco ...19911990060
deduced amino acid sequence of the fusion glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus has greater identity with that of human respiratory syncytial virus, a pneumovirus, than that of paramyxoviruses and morbilliviruses.the sequence of the fusion (f) glycoprotein of turkey rhinotracheitis virus (trtv) has been deduced from cdna clones derived from oligo(dt)-selected infected cell rna. the protein consists of 538 amino acids, the f2 and f1 subunits containing 102 (including the f2-f1 connecting peptide rrrr) and 436 residues, respectively. each subunit has one potential n-linked glycosylation site. the protein has 38 to 39% amino acid identity with the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus (pneumovirus genus) ...19911990068
nosocomial transmission of respiratory syncytial virus in immunocompromised adults.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) isolates obtained from nine infected immunocompromised adult patients hospitalized during two consecutive winters (january through april 1987 and 1988) were collected and analyzed against a panel of monoclonal antibodies by an enzyme immunoassay. the history of the patients' illness, onset of symptoms, and date of initial isolation of virus was correlated with the hospital ward and time of hospitalization. three patients died of respiratory failure related to rs ...19911993745
a single-season epidemic with respiratory syncytial virus subgroup b2 during 10 epidemic years, 1978 to 1988.respiratory syncytial virus strains isolated from infants and children hospitalized with acute respiratory tract disease in huntington, w. va., from july 1979 through june 1988 were categorized by subgroup by using two panels of monoclonal antibodies specific for subgroup a and subgroup b. of 405 strains tested, 319 (78.8%) were subgroup a, 73 (18.0%) were subgroup b1, and 13 (3.2%) were subgroup b2. the subgroup b2 strains occurred as a single-season epidemic during the epidemiologic year july ...19911993752
respiratory syncytial virus heterogeneity during an epidemic: analysis by limited nucleotide sequencing (sh gene) and restriction mapping (n gene).the genes encoding the small hydrophobic (sh) proteins of a series of respiratory syncytial (rs) virus strains were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction, cloned and sequenced. analysis of the sh gene sequences from 12 rs virus strains isolated between 1956 and 1989 confirmed the homogeneity of the two subgroups. a and b, previously defined serologically. although there is only 76% deduced amino acid sequence identity of sh proteins between subgroups, there was little variation in deduce ...19911993875
antiviral effects of xanthate d609 on the human respiratory syncytial virus growth cycle.the antiviral compound tricyclo-decan-9-yl-xanthogenate (d609) inhibits respiratory syncytial (rs) virus growth in human epithelial (hep 2) cells. d609 treatment resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of viral proteins, in the phosphorylation of the viral phosphoprotein, and in the amount of extracellular antigens and infectious particles. the relative accumulation of viral proteins was also unbalanced, however no differences were found in the amount of viral rna with plus or minus polarity. ...19911994569
nucleotide sequence analysis of the bovine respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein mrna and expression from a recombinant vaccinia virus.bovine respiratory syncytial (brs) virus is an important cause of serious respiratory illness in calves. the disease caused in calves is similar to that caused by human respiratory syncytial (hrs) virus in children. the two viruses, however, have distinct host ranges and the attachment glycoproteins, g, have no antigenic cross-reactivity. the fusion glycoproteins, f, of the hrs and brs viruses, however, have some antigenic cross-reactivity. to further compare the brs virus and hrs virus fusion p ...19911994571
pattern of respiratory syncytial virus epidemics in finland: two-year cycles with alternating prevalence of groups a and b.time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay with monoclonal antibodies distinguishing between respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) group a and b strains was used to analyze their prevalence in finland during 1981-1990 among 3285 patients with laboratory diagnosis of rsv, most of them hospitalized. the group typing of antigens in 608 rsv-positive nasopharyngeal aspirates showed a regular alternation of group prevalence, following the cyclic occurrence of the virus. group a predominated in 73%-90% of specimens f ...19911995719
vaccination of cotton rats with a chimeric fg glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus induces minimal pulmonary pathology on challenge.the cotton rat model of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection was used to study the safety and efficacy of a chimeric fg glycoprotein that was expressed in insect cells using a baculovirus vector. histologic and virologic examination of vaccinated rat lungs was done after challenge with rsv. when rats were challenged 1 month after vaccination, severe pulmonary inflammation characterized by both a mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cell infiltrate and 30%-40% involvement of lung tissue ...19911995720
age-related prevalence of serum antibody to respiratory syncytial virus in ecuadorian and german children. 19911995747
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f, g, m2 (22k), and n proteins each induce resistance to rsv challenge, but resistance induced by m2 and n proteins is relatively short-lived.the ability of recombinant vaccinia viruses that separately encoded 9 of the 10 known respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) proteins to induce resistance to rsv challenge was studied in balb/c mice. resistance was examined at two intervals following vaccination to examine early (day 9) as well as late (day 28) immunity. balb/c mice were inoculated simultaneously by the intranasal and intraperitoneal routes with a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding one of the following rsv proteins: f, g, n, p, sh, ...19911995956
respiratory syncytial virus infections at rhode island hospital: use of ribavirin. 19912000472
handwashing and cohorting in prevention of hospital acquired infections with respiratory syncytial virus.hospital acquired infections with respiratory syncytial virus are a major problem. the virus is spread predominantly by infected nasal secretions and we investigated whether we could reduce its incidence by cohorting babies on each ward into designated areas and encouraging staff and parents to wash their hands. we examined the incidence of hospital acquired infection due to respiratory syncytial virus in all children less than 2 years old and in those with congenital heart disease. in 1986-7, b ...19912001109
etiology of acute lower respiratory tract infections in gambian children: ii. acute lower respiratory tract infection in children ages one to nine years presenting at the hospital.seventy-four children ages 1 to 9 years hospitalized because of severe pneumonia were investigated using blood cultures, lung aspirates, nasopharyngeal aspirates, serology and antigen detection procedures. a bacterial infection was identified in 57 (77%), a viral infection was seen in 25 (34%) and 18 (24%) had mixed viral-bacterial infections. the bacterial pathogens most frequently identified were streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae found in 61 and 15% of patients, respectively. ...19912003054
respiratory syncytial virus infection of human mononuclear phagocytes stimulates synthesis of platelet-activating factor.production of platelet-activating factor 1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (paf), a potent mediator of inflammation, by mononuclear phagocytes varies with their stage of cellular differentiation and the nature of the eliciting stimulus. the human monocytic cell line u937 can be induced to differentiate to a macrophage-like cell following phorbol myristate acetate exposure, and after differentiation, these cells efficiently support replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). u ...19912005091
the g protein of human respiratory syncytial virus: significance of carbohydrate side-chains and the c-terminal end to its antigenicity.the reactivities of eighteen monoclonal antibodies with different glycosylated forms of the human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus g protein were tested in western blots. only five antibodies recognized the unglycosylated precursor. the majority of antibodies, however, reacted with the o-glycosylated form of the g protein, emphasizing the importance of this type of modification for the antigenicity of the mature molecule. human antisera, which recognized the rs virus g protein in western blots, ...19912005433
respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants with unequal pulmonary perfusion. 19912005950
characterization of oligosaccharide structures on a chimeric respiratory syncytial virus protein expressed in insect cell line sf9.the oligosaccharide structures added to a chimeric protein (fg) composed of the extracellular domains of respiratory syncytial virus f and g proteins, expressed in the insect cell line sf9, were investigated. cells were labeled in vivo with [3h]glucosamine and infected with a recombinant baculovirus containing the fg gene. the secreted chimeric protein was isolated by immunoprecipitation and subjected to oligosaccharide analysis. the fg protein contains two types of o-linked oligosaccharides: ga ...19912007124
[virologic diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia].viral pneumonia is not very frequent in healthy adults; it is mostly observed in elderly subjects infected with an influenza virus, a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) or an adenovirus (adv). in immunocompromised subjects, cytomegalovirus (cmv) is the most common of causal agents. from the point of view of clinicians, virological diagnostic methods must be rapid and specific, and for this reason direct examination techniques for respiratory specimens and immunological detection of virus are curr ...19912008581
evaluation of immunofluorescence, two enzyme immunoassays and the shell-vial assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus. 19912009879
multicenter study of strains of respiratory syncytial virus.two major groups of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) strains, a and b, have been identified and their patterns of isolation determined in different communities but not simultaneously in multiple communities. in this study, we tested 483 rsv isolates from 14 university laboratories in the united states and canada for the 1984/1985 and 1985/1986 rsv seasons; 303 (63%) isolates were group a, 114 (24%) were group b, and 66 (14%) could not be grouped. isolates were subdivided into six subgroups with ...19912010623
immunity to and frequency of reinfection with respiratory syncytial virus.to better understand the duration of immunity against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and the role of serum antibodies to the surface glycoproteins, f and g, in susceptibility to reinfection, 15 adults with previous natural rsv infection were challenged with rsv of the same strain group (a) at 2, 4, 8, 14, 20, and 26 months after natural infection. by 2 months about one-half and by 8 months two-thirds of the subjects became reinfected. each challenge resulted in infection in at least one-fourt ...19912010624
rapid identification of respiratory syncytial virus infections by direct fluorescent antibody testing: reliability as a guide to patient cohorting.this study compared the results of a commercially available, direct fluorescent antibody (dfa) test with viral culture in 880 specimens obtained from 690 patients by means of nasopharyngeal swabs. the two tests were congruent in 92.5% (814) of the specimens. the sensitivity of the dfa was 0.95, the specificity was 0.91, the positive predictive value was 0.82, and the negative predictive value was 0.98. among 548 inpatients, there were 3 mixed infections (rsv and another virus), 8 rsv infections ...19912053715
group-specific serum antibody responses in children with primary and recurrent respiratory syncytial virus infections.antigenic group-specific serum antibody responses to first and second respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections were studied in children who had been followed longitudinally from early infancy in a research day-care center. plaque-reduction neutralizing (prn) antibody assays and elisas for the fusion (f) and attachment (g) glycoproteins were done using antigens of prototype rsv strains from groups a and b. responses to antigens of viruses homologous and heterologous to the antigenic group of ...19912056202
antigenic and genomic diversity within group a respiratory syncytial virus.antigenic analysis using monoclonal antibodies and genomic analysis using ribonuclease protection was done on 47 isolates of group a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) recovered from children in st. louis during four rsv seasons. antigenic analysis identified four subgroups; of the three that included more than one member, those designated a/2 and a/2v had characteristic ribonuclease protection patterns. a third subgroup, a/4, exhibited more extensive genomic heterogeneity, but all isolates were ...19912010638
respiratory syncytial virus infections on an adult medical ward.eleven cases of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection occurred in acutely ill hospitalized adults over a 7-week period. nosocomial illness was suspected in two patients. because rsv can cause serious infections in immunocompromised adults with the potential for nosocomial spread, the following recommendations are indicated: (1) during the winter months, early recognition and diagnosis of rsv infections both in hospital staff and in patients should be encouraged; (2) infected hospital perso ...19912012452
clinical and epidemiologic aspects of respiratory syncytial virus antigenic variants in argentinian children. 19912019767
breast-feeding and health in the 1980s: a global epidemiologic review.in view of the significant and articulate minority view among pediatricians that breast feeding is not "worth the bother" in developed countries, this review of the literature delves into the evidence from both developed and developing countries for the advantages of breastfeeding, both in infants and for long-term health. infants in developed settings experience twice the hospitalization rate and more severe illness from lower respiratory tract infection, primarily respiratory syncytial virus. ...19912019919
management of the infant with respiratory syncytial virus.this article examines updated clinical information concerning respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection including epidemiology, pathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, nosocomial infection, and prognosis. also presented is current information on ribavirin therapy, its side effects, and precautions. research related to the most effective isolation methodology is discussed, as well as nursing diagnoses based on gordon's functional health patterns and interventions for the infan ...19912019971
human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus: immunopathologic mechanisms.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is the major respiratory tract pathogen of infants and young children. bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is recognised as an important cause of respiratory tract disease in calves. both of these viruses and their respective diseases share many similarities. immunopathologic mechanisms have been proposed to be involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infections. this review examines the current understanding of the role of ...19912021054
culture vs direct antigen assays for detection of microbial pathogens from lower respiratory tract specimens suspected of containing the respiratory syncytial virus.following the introduction of effective antiviral chemotherapy, rapid antigen assays have been utilized increasingly, instead of cell cultures, for detection of the respiratory syncytial virus from lower respiratory tract specimens. because antigen assays, unlike cell culture, cannot amplify low levels of the virus to a detectable level, assay sensitivity is especially dependent on high-quality specimens. in addition, the assays are unable to detect other viruses or bacteria with which the patie ...19912021312
cytotoxic t cell activity against the 22-kda protein of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is associated with a significant reduction in pulmonary rsv replication.recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the rsv f glycoprotein (vac-f), or a previously described chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular domains of the f and g glycoproteins (vac-fg), or the 22-kda membrane protein (vac-22 kda) were evaluated for their ability to protect balb/c mice against infection by rsv subgroup a or subgroup b viruses and for their ability to induce a humoral immune response or a cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) response. immunization with vac-f or vac-fg fully protec ...19912024493
extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for nonneonatal respiratory failure.extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ecmo) has been used for 20 years in neonates and children with cardiac and respiratory failure. the number of neonates treated with ecmo has increased exponentially, but the number of older children treated is small. the selection and exclusion criteria for pediatric ecmo are poorly defined, and the results vary because of variable selection criteria and institutional experience with the technique. in order to help define the role of pediatric ecmo, we review ...19912030480
synthetic peptides corresponding to the f protein of rsv stimulate murine b and t cells but fail to confer protection.we have previously located a major neutralization site of the fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in the polypeptide region extending from amino acids ile221 to glu232. in this report, 8 peptides corresponding to the six major hydrophilic regions of the f1 subunit were selected to analyse their immunogenic and protective capacities as well as their ability to block the high neutralization activities of 4 monoclonal antibodies (mabs). only 5 of the 8 peptides tested induced specif ...19911706591
immunodominant t-cell epitope on the f protein of respiratory syncytial virus recognized by human lymphocytes.the lymphocyte proliferative responses to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) were evaluated for 10 healthy adult donors and compared with proliferative responses to a chimeric glycoprotein (fg glycoprotein) which consists of the extracellular domains of both the f and g proteins of rsv and which is produced from a recombinant baculovirus. the lymphocytes of all 10 donors responded to rsv, and the proliferative responses to the whole virus were highly correlated with the responses to the fg glycop ...19911710289
respiratory syncytial virus infection and prevalence of subgroups a and b in hawaii.respiratory syncytial virus was isolated from hospitalized children in hawaii in each month of the year during the period january 1987 to august 1989. subgroup a and subgroup b strains cocirculated, with subgroup a predominating. there was an alternating early-season and late-season peak incidence cycle as reported elsewhere.19911774271
protection of balb/c mice from respiratory syncytial virus infection by immunization with a synthetic peptide derived from the g glycoprotein.a synthetic peptide homologous to amino acids 174-187 of the g glycoprotein of the a2 strain of human respiratory syncytial (rs) virus (g/174-187) was shown to induce protection from live virus challenge of balb/c mice after immunization with three doses of 50 micrograms of peptide coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin. immunized mice showed high levels of circulating rs-specific antibodies as detected by elisa assay; however, no neutralizing antibodies were found. moreover, an important short-te ...19911720589
mapping of a fusion related epitope of the respiratory syncytial virus fusion protein.the region of the fusion glycoprotein of respiratory syncytial virus which reacts with a neutralizing and fusion inhibiting monoclonal antibody, was mapped using a deductive method derived from analysis of western blot reactivity of proteolytic fragments. reaction of the whole fusion protein was found to be so conformationally dependent, that complete digestion of the protein with a variety of proteases resulted in fragments which were not sufficiently reactive to permit mapping. for this reason ...19911711741
[indices of the humoral response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in children with acute bronchitis].examinations of 30 children with acute bronchitis have revealed a respiratory syncytial (rs) viral infection in 18. a reduced response to rs virus was seen in patients with bronchitis complicated by obstruction, in contrast to that in cases without obstruction. humoral response to this virus was reduced and delayed in younger children as against that in elder ones. even high levels of specific igg did not result in vitro neutralization of rs virus.19911724037
differential inhibitory effects of sulfated polysaccharides and polymers on the replication of various myxoviruses and retroviruses, depending on the composition of the target amino acid sequences of the viral envelope glycoproteins.sulfated polysaccharides (i.e., dextran sulfate) and sulfated polymers (i.e., sulfated polyvinylalcohol and sulfated copolymers of acrylic acid with vinylalcohol) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and influenza virus type a (influenza a virus) but not of other myxoviruses (parainfluenza 3, measles, and influenza b viruses). the compounds were also inhibitory to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hiv-2 and simian ...19911725692
monoclonal antibodies to the fusion protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus.five monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine respiratory syncytial virus were characterized by western immunoblotting, radioimmunoprecipitation, and epitope mapping assays. the monoclonal antibodies were found to be specific for the fusion protein, and there were at least two antigen binding sites, one of which was neutralizing.19911723078
[atypical pathogen spectrum in community-acquired infections of the lower respiratory tract in childhood].over a period of 14 months, we obtained nasal and throat swabs for virological examinations from patients, admitted to hospital with suspected pneumonia. fifty-five cases of perihilar bronchitis and 103 cases of pneumonia were diagnosed based on radiological criteria. in 36% (n = 57) of the children, a pathogen could be determined by antigen elisa. we found the following spectrum: respiratory syncytial virus: 42%; influenza a: 8%; influenza b: 10%; parainfluenza 1: 3%; parainfluenza 2: 10%; para ...19911745250
psychological stress and susceptibility to the common cold.it is not known whether psychological stress suppresses host resistance to infection. to investigate this issue, we prospectively studied the relation between psychological stress and the frequency of documented clinical colds among subjects intentionally exposed to respiratory viruses.19911713648
characteristics of successive epidemics of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 19911681283
respiratory syncytial virus in children's hospitals. 19911683996
[virological surveillance of acute respiratory tract illnesses of children in morioka, japan. ii. rhinovirus infection].rhinoviruses (hrvs) were isolated from 307 children (7.1%) in the virological surveillance of 4334 children with acute respiratory tract illnesses in morioka, japan (september 1973-december 1983). although hrvs were isolated throughout the year, frequency of hrv infection was significantly higher (p less than 0.001) during the april-november (233/2853; 8.2%) than during the december-march (47/1481; 5.0%). there were two peaks of incidence in may (9.5%) and september (9.1%). during the may-septem ...19911665166
depression of lymphocyte responses to phytohaemagglutinin in lambs experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus.eight lambs were experimentally infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) and the responses of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to the mitogen phytohaemagglutinin and brsv antigen compared with that of control lambs injected with tissue culture fluid. the lymphocyte transformation responses to phytohaemagglutinin were significantly reduced five and 10 days after experimental infection with brsv (p less than 0.05). it appears that these reductions were associated with cd4+ lymphoc ...19911674620
respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in hospitalized adults. 19911747009
operator-induced contamination in cell culture systems.operator-induced biological contamination in cell cultures is a multifaceted problem involving the unexpected introduction of other animal cells, microbial and viral contaminants. detailed studies on animal cell cross contaminations have been performed and published. the frequency of detection of problem cultures has been as high as 36% for one service performed in the usa, with interspecific cross contamination accounting for 25% and human intraspecific contamination representing 11%. awareness ...19911794620
acute respiratory infections in australian aboriginal children: current knowledge and future requirements.although inadequately documented, it is clear that acute respiratory infection (ari) is a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in australian aboriginal children. aris continue to cause substantial mortality in aboriginal children, and they are likely to cause a variety of potentially serious sequelae. the literature emphasizes the importance of pneumonia as a cause of hospitalization of aboriginal children. there is good evidence that streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae a ...19911750265
vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus: problems and progress. 19911797047
cytokine (tumor necrosis factor, il-6, and il-8) production by respiratory syncytial virus-infected human alveolar macrophages.human alveolar macrophages (am) are susceptible to infection with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), but the infection is abortive after the initial cycles of virus replication. we have investigated if rsv infection of am results in the production of cytokines tnf, il-6, and il-8, all of which may modulate inflammatory and immune responses to the virus, as well as may directly protect respiratory epithelial cells against spread of infection. within 1 h after interaction with rsv, increased mrna ...19911753101
the pneumographic and medical investigation of infants suffering apparent life threatening episodes.investigation of 340 babies who suffered from apparent life threatening episodes (alte) was performed using pneumographic studies and a variety of medical investigations. a number of medical abnormalities were demonstrated by history or investigation, including gastro-oesophageal reflux (211), airways pathology (17), evidence of fits (25), brain-stem tumour (2), hypoglycaemia (2), respiratory syncytial virus (8) and possible munchausen by proxy (5). pneumographic abnormalities were detected in 2 ...19911756076
evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunomembrane filter assay for detection of respiratory syncytial virus in clinical specimens.a commercial enzyme immunomembrane filter assay (eifa) for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was compared prospectively with isolation in cell culture and an enzyme immunoassay. a total of 595 respiratory specimens, mostly from pediatric patients, were examined. the eifa was 70.96% sensitive and 72.40% specific in comparison with cell culture. results for 40 specimens (6.72%) were uninterpretable, mainly due to filtration difficulties. twenty-one (25%) of 84 specimens whose results were initiall ...19911802701
high dose-short duration ribavirin aerosol treatment--a review.a high-dose, short-duration treatment with ribavirin aerosol consisting of a three-fold increase in concentration of drug (60 mg versus 20 mg of ribavirin per ml in the liquid reservoir of the generator administered for about one-third the time of the standard treatment) was as effective as the standard dosage in the treatment of experimental influenza a and b infections in mice and in the treatment of experimental respiratory syncytial virus infection in cotton rats. despite some minor pulmonar ...19911756300
failure to detect paramyxovirus sequences in paget's disease of bone using the polymerase chain reaction.it is widely believed that paget's disease of bone is due to a "slow virus" infection of osteoclasts with one of the paramyxovirus group. controversy continues to surround the identity of the virus involved, however, since at different times evidence has been presented implicating measles virus (mv), respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), and canine distemper virus (cdv) as putative infective agents. in this study we used the technique of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to ...19911805546
comparative study of respiratory syncytial virus in nasopharyngeal aspirates using conventional cell culture, shell viral centrifugation culture, immunofluorescence and biotin-avidin enzyme linked immunosorbent assays.133 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npa) were simultaneously tested for the presence of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by conventional cell culture (ccc), shell vial centrifugation culture (svc), immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and biotin-avidin enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (b-a elisa). these yielded positive results in 32(24%), 45(33.8%), 36(27%) and 40(30%) of specimens, respectively. specimens positive by ifa and b-a elisa were all also positive by svc. the sensitivity of ccc, ifa, and b-a e ...19911807259
a chimeric glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus termed fg induces t-cell mediated immunity in mice.popliteal lymph node cells taken from mice vaccinated with the fg glycoprotein were exposed in vitro to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigens. proliferation to fg or rsv antigens was blocked with anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody treatment. fg-vaccinated mice developed classical late delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions when exposed to fg antigen in vivo.19911811371
[detection of rs viral sequences in otitis media effusion from children].the role of respiratory syncytial virus (rs virus) in otitis media with effusion was studied. reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nested pcr) were used to provide accurate methods for detection of rs viral sequences in the otitis media effusion from children. we could find rs viral sequences in 10/12 samples tested which had been collected during and even after natural outbreak of rsv in the community. these observations suggest rs virus ...19911757848
spontaneous pasteurellosis in captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis): clinical, laboratory, and epizootiological observations.we observed clinical signs, compared adrenal responses, and performed diagnostic tests on 12 captive rocky mountain bighorn sheep (ovis canadensis canadensis) during a spontaneous outbreak of pasteurellosis. cortisol in urine and feces was measured for bighorns sampled three times between 20 october and 1 november 1986. by 6 november, four of these had developed pneumonia, four showed only mild rhinitis, and four remained clinically normal. bighorns that ultimately developed pneumonia showed ele ...19911758018
occurrence of respiratory syncytial virus subtypes in hospitalized children in cleveland, ohio from 1985 to 1988.in order to determine the frequency of occurrence of the two respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) subtypes in hospitalized children in cleveland, ohio, we analyzed clinical isolates obtained during three consecutive winter epidemic seasons between 1985 and 1988. rsv was recovered from the frozen clinical specimens of 197 patients: 176 subtype a, and 21 subtype b. subtype a predominated during all three epidemic seasons, ranging from 83 to 94% of isolates. we surveyed the clinical records of 16 chil ...19911758737
synthetic oligonucleotide probes differentiate respiratory syncytial virus subgroups in a nucleic acid hybridization assay.a new approach to respiratory syncytial virus subgroup differentiation has been developed on the basis of the hybridization of subgroup-specific synthetic oligonucleotides with viral mrna. two oligonucleotide probes were designed from the nucleotide sequences of an a and a b subgroup respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein g gene. all 28 virus isolates tested were correctly classified by subgroup with these probes.19911864945
"management of the infant with respiratory syncytial virus". 19911762047
Refresh
firstprev
...11121314151617181920...
nextlast
Displaying items 1601 - 1700 of 11972