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[clinical value of a rapid respiratory syncytial virus antigen detection in point-of-care testing].objective: to evaluate the clinical value of a rapid respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) antigen detection in point-of-care testing (poct). method: a total of 209 specimens, including 78 throat swabs (ts) and 131 nasopharyngeal aspirates (npas), were collected from inpatients who visited the children's hospital affiliated to the capital institute of pediatrics and were diagnosed as acute respiratory infection from 5 january to 7 february, 2015. these specimens were tested for rsv by a rapid antige ...201728173654
a narrowing diagnosis: a rare cause of adult croup and literature review.croup or laryngotracheitis is rare in adults. we present a case of an otherwise healthy young woman that presented in the winter with 3 days of increasing dyspnea, cough, and fever. she was hemodynamically stable but was found to have a barking cough, paradoxical abdominal breathing, and stridor. chest radiograph revealed subglottic narrowing. respiratory viral nucleic acid amplification testing was positive for respiratory syncytial virus. the patient was treated with nebulized epinephrine, dex ...201728163937
respiratory syncytial virus hospitalizations in infants of 28 weeks gestational age and less in the palivizumab era.to obtain data on respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) associated hospitalization rates in preterm infants of 28 weeks gestational age and less in the era of palivizumab prophylaxis.201728163166
immune and inflammatory response in bronchiolitis due to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus infections in infants.bronchiolitis is a common disease in infancy, mostly due to respiratory syncytial virus and rhinovirus. in addition to acute infection, viral bronchiolitis is responsible for sequelae including recurrent wheezing and asthma. the analysis of the viral characteristics and of the pathogenesis of the infection shows differences between the two viruses that may be helpful for the development of therapies and preventive strategies.201728159510
vaccines in the prevention of viral pneumonia.pneumonia is of great global public health importance. viral infections play both direct and indirect parts in its cause across the globe. influenza is a leading cause of viral pneumonia in both children and adults, and respiratory syncytial virus is increasingly recognized as causing disease at both extremes of age. vaccination offers the best prospect for prevention but current influenza vaccines do not provide universal and durable protection, and require yearly reformulation. in the future, ...201728159157
respiratory syncytial virus infection induces a subset of types i and iii interferons in human dendritic cells.whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces severe infantile pulmonary disease may depend on viral strain and expression of types i and iii interferons (ifns). these ifns impact disease severity by inducing expression of many anti-viral ifn-stimulated genes (isgs). to investigate the impact of rsv strain on ifn and isg expression, we stimulated human monocyte-derived dcs (mddcs) with either rsv a2 or line 19 and measured expression of types i and iii ifns and isgs. at 24h, a2 elicited high ...201728157546
caveolae provide a specialized membrane environment for respiratory syncytial virus assembly.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is an enveloped virus that assembles into filamentous virus particles on the surface of infected cells. morphogenesis of rsv is dependent upon cholesterol-rich (lipid raft) membrane microdomains, but the specific role of individual raft molecules in rsv assembly is not well defined. here, we show that rsv morphogenesis occurs within caveolar membranes and that both caveolin-1 and cavin-1 (also known as ptrf), the two major structural and functional components of ...201728154158
palivizumab prophylaxis in preterm infants and subsequent recurrent wheezing. six-year follow-up study.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) induces not only infantile recurrent wheezing but also potentially atopic asthma.201728152315
a short double-stapled peptide inhibits respiratory syncytial virus entry and spreading.synthetic peptides derived from the heptad repeat (hr) of fusion (f) proteins can be used as dominant negative inhibitors to inhibit the fusion mechanism of class i viral f proteins. here, we have performed a stapled-peptide scan across the hr2 domain of the respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) f protein with the aim to identify a minimal domain capable of disrupting the formation of the postfusion six-helix bundle required for viral cell entry. constraining the peptides with a single staple was no ...201728137809
characteristics of rsv-specific maternal antibodies in plasma of hospitalized, acute rsv patients under three months of age.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause for respiratory illness that requires hospitalization in infancy. high levels of maternal antibodies can protect against rsv infection. however, rsv-infected infants can suffer from severe disease symptoms even in the presence of high levels of rsv-specific antibodies. this study analyzes several serological characteristics to explore potential deficiencies or surpluses of antibodies that could relate to severe disease symptoms. we compare s ...201728135305
recent sequence variation in probe binding site affected detection of respiratory syncytial virus group b by real-time rt-pcr.direct immuno-fluorescence test (ifat) and multiplex real-time rt-pcr have been central to rsv diagnosis in kilifi, kenya. recently, these two methods showed discrepancies with an increasing number of pcr undetectable rsv-b viruses.201728107671
respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in children.bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the most common cause of this infection. rsv is transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets either directly from an infected person or self-inoculation by contaminated secretions on surfaces. patients with rsv bronchiolitis usually present with two to four days of upper respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, rhinorrhea, and congestion, followed by lower ...201728084708
hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus and vaccine-preventable infections in the first 2 years after pediatric liver transplant.to examine in liver transplant recipients at centers participating in the pediatric health information system dataset the number of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and vaccine-preventable infections (vpis) in the first 2 years after transplantation, morbidity and mortality associated with these hospitalizations, and costs associated with these hospitalizations.201728088400
respiratory syncytial virus infection. 201728084715
correlation of symptomatic enterovirus infection and later risk of allergic diseases via a population-based cohort study.infants who are exposed to the rhinovirus or respiratory syncytial virus are at a higher risk of subsequently developing wheezing or asthma. this study aims to determine whether preschoolers with a history of symptomatic enterovirus infection are at an increased risk of developing allergic diseases or not.we used data from the taiwan national health insurance research database from 1999 to 2006 for this nationwide population-based cohort study. the subsequent risks for allergic diseases, which i ...201728121929
lower respiratory tract diseases caused by common respiratory viruses among stem cell transplantation recipients: a single center experience in korea.to describe the incidence, clinical courses, and risk factors for mortality of lower respiratory tract diseases (lrds) caused by common respiratory viruses (crvs) in stem cell transplantation (sct) recipients.201728120567
use of an automated nested multiplex respiratory pathogen pcr panel postmortem in the pediatric forensic setting.respiratory pathogens have been detected in forensic investigations using multiple techniques; however, no study has examined the use of automated, nested, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (anm-pcr), commonly used in living patients, in the forensic setting. this retrospective study assessed the utility of anm-pcr in detecting respiratory pathogens in the pediatric forensic setting. respiratory samples from 35 cases were tested for up to 20 respiratory pathogens. 51.4% of these cases yielded ...201728120330
in vitro screening for antiviral activity of turkish plants revealing methanolic extract of rindera lanata var. lanata active against human rotavirus.human rotavirus (hrov) is the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis in infants and children under the age of five years. no specific antiviral drug is available for hrov infections and the treatment of viral diarrhea is mainly based on rehydration and zinc treatment. in this study, we explored medicinal plants endemic to turkey flora as a source of anti-hrov compunds.201728118832
impact of viral respiratory pathogens on outcomes after pediatric cardiac surgery.viral respiratory infection is commonly considered a relative contraindication to elective cardiac surgery. we aimed to determine the frequency and outcomes of symptomatic viral respiratory infection in pediatric cardiac surgical patients.201728114162
age-specific profiles of antibody responses against respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is one of the most prevalent causative agents of lower respiratory tract infections worldwide, especially in infants around 3 to 4months old. infants at such a young age have maternally-transferred passive antibodies against rsv but do not have active immune systems efficient enough for the control of rsv infection. in order to elucidate age-specific profiles of immune responses against rsv protection, antibody responses were examined by using blood samples in b ...201728111238
neutrophil subset responses in infants with severe viral respiratory infection.neutrophils are the predominant inflammatory cells recruited to the respiratory tract as part of the innate immune response to viral infections. recent reports indicate the existence of distinct functional neutrophil subsets in the circulatory compartment of adults, following severe inflammatory conditions. here, we evaluated the occurrence of neutrophil subsets in blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid during severe viral respiratory infection in infants based on cd16/cd62l expression. we show ...201728108365
respiratory syncytial virus associated hospitalizations in preterm infants of 29 to 32 weeks gestational age using a risk score tool for palivizumab prophylaxis.to evaluate the efficacy of palivizumab in infants of 29 to 32 weeks of gestational age (ga) based on a risk score tool developed for austria. retrospective single-center cohort study including all preterm infants of 29 (+0) to 32 (+6) weeks of ga born between 2004 and 2012 at a tertiary care university hospital. data on rsv-related hospitalizations over the first 2 years of life were analyzed and compared between those having received palivizumab and those without. the study population was comp ...201728078558
reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid detection of respiratory syncytial virus directly from nasopharyngeal swabs.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young infants and a major cause of nosocomial infection in pediatric care. currently available rsv point-of-care tests are of limited sensitivity and relatively expensive. we developed and evaluated a novel rsv rapid test for use at point-of-care, based on reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for direct testing of nasopharyngeal swab specimens. rt-lamp can detect rsv with ...201728093275
rsv associated hospitalizations in children in karachi, pakistan: implications for vaccine prevention strategies.major progress is being made in vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), with multiple vaccine candidates currently in the clinical phase of development. making an investment case for public sector financing of rsv vaccine will require estimation of burden, cost-effectiveness, and impact. the aim of this study is to determine the proportion, age distribution and clinical spectrum of rsv associated hospitalizations in children in karachi, pakistan. a three years prospective study was c ...201728092107
a neonatal murine model of mrsa pneumonia.pneumonia due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants particularly following lower respiratory tract viral infections such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). however, the mechanisms by which co-infection of infants by mrsa and rsv cause increased lung pathology are unknown. because the infant immune system is qualitatively and quantitatively different from adults we developed a model of infant mrsa pneumonia which will ...201728060871
etiology of acute respiratory infections in infants: a prospective birth cohort study.there is paucity of studies on etiology of acute respiratory infections (ari) in infants. the objective of this study is to document incidence and etiology of ari in infants, their seasonal variability and association of clinical profile with etiology.201727753796
an isothermal, label-free, and rapid one-step rna amplification/detection assay for diagnosis of respiratory viral infections.recently, rna viral infections caused by respiratory viruses, such as influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, coronavirus, and middle east respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (mers-cov), and zika virus, are a major public health threats in the world. although myriads of diagnostic methods based on rna amplification have been developed in the last decades, they continue to lack speed, sensitivity, and specificity for clinical use. a rapid and accurate diagnostic method is needed for a ...201727894035
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine vectored by a stable chimeric and replication-deficient sendai virus protects mice without inducing enhanced disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of severe respiratory infections in children and elderly people and no marketed vaccine exists. in this study, we generated and analyzed a subunit vaccine against rsv based on a novel genome replication-deficient sendai virus (sev) vector. we inserted the rsv f protein, known as a genetically stable antigen, into our vector in a specific way to optimize the vaccine features. exchanging the ectodomain of the sev f protein with its counterpart fro ...201728250126
strategies to develop vaccines of pediatric interest.the success of the vaccines available on the market has significantly increased interest in vaccine development. areas covered: the main aim of this paper is to discuss the most important vaccines of pediatric interest that are currently being developed. new pneumococcal vaccines and vaccines against group b streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus and respiratory syncytial virus are analyzed in detail. expert commentary: advances in understanding human immunology, including human monoclonal antibod ...201727653455
macromolecular prodrugs of ribavirin: structure-function correlation as inhibitors of influenza infectivity.the requirement for new antiviral therapeutics is an ever present need. particularly lacking are broad spectrum antivirals that have low toxicity. we develop such agents based on macromolecular prodrugs whereby both the polymer chain and the drug released from the polymer upon cell entry have antiviral effects. specifically, macromolecular prodrugs were designed herein based on poly(methacrylic acid) and ribavirin. structure-function parameter space was analyzed via the synthesis of 10 polymer c ...201728043136
cholesterol is required for stability and infectivity of influenza a and respiratory syncytial viruses.cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains in the plasma membrane are considered to play a major role in the enveloped virus lifecycle. however, the functional role of cholesterol in assembly, infectivity and stability of respiratory rna viruses is not fully understood. we previously reported that depletion of cellular cholesterol by cholesterol-reducing agents decreased production of human parainfluenza virus type 1 (hpiv1) particles by inhibiting virus assembly. in this study, we analyzed the ro ...201728750327
mammalian diaphanous-related formin-1 restricts early phases of influenza a/nws/33 virus (h1n1) infection in llc-mk2 cells by affecting cytoskeleton dynamics.viruses depend on cellular machinery to efficiently replicate. the host cytoskeleton is one of the first cellular systems hijacked by viruses in order to ensure their intracellular transport and promote the development of infection. our previous results demonstrated that stable microfilaments and microtubules interfered with human influenza a/nws/33 virus (h1n1) infection in semi-permissive llc-mk2 cells. although formins play a key role in cytoskeletal remodelling, few studies addressed a possi ...201728744815
mirna-200c-3p is crucial in acute respiratory distress syndrome.influenza infection and pneumonia are known to cause much of their mortality by inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards), which is the most severe form of acute lung injury (ali). angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2), which is a negative regulator of angiotensin ii in the renin-angiotensin system, has been reported to have a crucial role in ali. downregulation of ace2 is always associated with the ali or ards induced by avian influenza virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona ...201728690868
inhibition of highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai) virus by a peptide derived from vflip through its direct destabilization of viruses.the antiviral activities of synthesized kα2-helix peptide, which was derived from the viral flice-like inhibitor protein (vflip) of kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (kshv), against influenza a virus (iav) were investigated in vitro and in vivo, and mechanisms of action were suggested. in addition to the robust autophagy activity of the kα2-helix peptide, the present study showed that treatment with the kα2 peptide fused with the tat peptide significantly inhibited iav replication and tran ...201728687749
broad-spectrum inhibition of common respiratory rna viruses by a pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor with involvement of the host antiviral response.our previous screening of 50 240 structurally diverse compounds led to the identification of 39 influenza a virus infection inhibitors (kao r.y., yang d., lau l.s., tsui w.h., hu l. et al. nat biotechnol 2010;28:600-605). further screening of these compounds against common respiratory viruses led to the discovery of compound fa-613. this inhibitor exhibited low micromolar antiviral activity against various influenza a and b virus strains, including the highly pathogenic influenza a strains h5n1 ...201728555543
multicenter clinical evaluation of the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay for pediatric and adult respiratory tract specimens.influenza a and b viruses and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) are three common viruses implicated in seasonal respiratory tract infections and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in adults and children worldwide. in recent years, an increasing number of commercial molecular tests have become available to diagnose respiratory viral infections. the luminex aries flu a/b & rsv assay is a fully automated sample-to-answer molecular diagnostic assay for the detection of influenza a, influen ...201728539342
respiratory viral infections are underdiagnosed in patients with suspected sepsis.the study aim was to investigate the prevalence and clinical relevance of viral findings by multiplex pcr from the nasopharynx of clinically septic patients during a winter season. during 11 weeks of the influenza epidemic period in january-march 2012, consecutive adult patients suspected to be septic (n = 432) were analyzed with cultures from blood and nasopharynx plus multiplex pcr for respiratory viruses on the nasopharyngeal specimen. the results were compared with those from microbiology an ...201728516200
inflammatory responses regulating alveolar ion transport during pulmonary infections.the respiratory epithelium is lined by a tightly balanced fluid layer that allows normal o2 and co2 exchange and maintains surface tension and host defense. to maintain alveolar fluid homeostasis, both the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier and the expression of epithelial ion channels and pumps are necessary to establish a vectorial ion gradient. however, during pulmonary infection, auto- and/or paracrine-acting mediators induce pathophysiological changes of the alveolar-capillary barr ...201728458673
a metagenomics study for the identification of respiratory viruses in mixed clinical specimens: an application of the iterative mapping approach.metagenomic approaches to detect viral genomes and variants in clinical samples have various challenges, including low viral titers and bacterial and human genome contamination. to address these limitations, we examined a next-generation sequencing (ngs) and iterative mapping approach for virus detection in clinical samples. we analyzed 40 clinical specimens from hospitalized children diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis, croup, or respiratory tract infections in which virus identification by vira ...201728424887
antiviral activity of chlorogenic acid against influenza a (h1n1/h3n2) virus and its inhibition of neuraminidase.lonicera japonica thunb, rich in chlorogenic acid (cha), is used for viral upper respiratory tract infection treatment caused by influenza virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus, ect in china. it was reported that cha reduced serum hepatitis b virus level and death rate of influenza virus-infected mice. however, the underlying mechanisms of cha against the influenza a virus have not been fully elucidated. here, the antiviral effects and potential mechanisms of cha against in ...201728393840
the genetic stability of piv5-vectored rsv vaccine candidates after in vitro and in vivo passage.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading etiologic agent of lower respiratory tract infections in children, but no licensed vaccine exists. previously, our laboratory developed two parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5)-based rsv vaccine candidates that protect mice against rsv challenge. piv5 was engineered to express either the rsv fusion protein (f) or the rsv major attachment glycoprotein (g) between the hn and l genes of the piv5 genome [piv5-rsv-f (hn-l) or piv5-rsv-g (hn-l)]. to inves ...201728747497
human metapneumovirus and other respiratory viral infections during pregnancy and birth, nepal.human metapneumovirus (hmpv) is a respiratory virus that can cause severe lower respiratory tract disease and even death, primarily in young children. the incidence and characteristics of hmpv have not been well described in pregnant women. as part of a trial of maternal influenza immunization in rural southern nepal, we conducted prospective, longitudinal, home-based active surveillance for febrile respiratory illness during pregnancy through 6 months postpartum. during 2011-2014, hmpv was dete ...201728726613
prolonged viral replication and longitudinal viral dynamic differences among respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infected infants.longitudinal rsv dynamics have not been well-studied despite existence of factors favoring prolonged rsv replication including: high mutation rates allowing rapid evolution and potential escape from immune control. we therefore measured viral load in previously rsv-naïve infants over prolonged time-spans.201728723886
a critical role of gas6/axl signal in allergic airway responses during rsv vaccine-enhanced disease.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a common virus that causes lower respiratory infections across a wide range of ages. a licensed rsv vaccine is not available because vaccination with formalin-inactivated rsv (fi-rsv) and the subsequent rsv infection cause not only insufficient induction of neutralizing antibodies but also severe allergic airway responses, termed fi-rsv vaccine enhanced disease (fi-rsv ved). however, the underlying mechanism has not been identified, although a th2-biased immu ...201728722020
parainfluenza virus 5 (piv5) expressing wild-type or pre-fusion respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) fusion protein protect mice and cotton rats from rsv challenge.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of pediatric bronchiolitis and hospitalizations. rsv can also cause severe complications in elderly and immunocompromised individuals. there is no licensed vaccine. we previously generated a piv5-vectored vaccine candidate expressing the rsv fusion protein (f) that was immunogenic and protective in mice. in this work, our goal was to improve the original vaccine candidate by modifying the piv5 vector or by modifying the rsv-f antigen. ...201728747496
circadian transcription factor bmal1 regulates innate immunity against select rna viruses.bmal1 (brain and muscle arnt-like protein 1, also known as mop3 or arnt3) belongs to the family of the basic helix-loop-helix (bhlh)-pas domain-containing transcription factors, and is a key component of the molecular oscillator that generates circadian rhythms. here, we report that bmal1-deficient cells are significantly more susceptible to infection by two major respiratory viruses of the paramyxoviridae family, namely rsv and piv3. embryonic fibroblasts from bmal1(-/-) mice produced nearly 10 ...201727913791
respiratory virus infection up-regulates trpv1, trpa1 and asics3 receptors on airway cells.receptors implicated in cough hypersensitivity are transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (trpv1), transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily a, member 1 (trpa1) and acid sensing ion channel receptor 3 (asic3). respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) and measles virus (mv) may interact directly and/or indirectly with these receptors on sensory nerves and epithelial cells in the airways. we used in vitro models of sensory neurones (shsy5y or differentiated imr ...201728187208
dose selection for an adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus f protein vaccine for older adults based on humoral and cellular immune responses.this is the second phase 1 study of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) vaccine containing rsv fusion protein (sf) adjuvanted with glucopyranosyl lipid a in 2% stable emulsion (gla-se). in this randomized, double-blind study (nct02289820, clinicaltrials.gov), 261 subjects aged ≥60 years received inactivated influenza vaccine (iiv) or a vaccine containing 120 μg sf with escalating doses of gla (1, 2.5, or 5 μg) in se or a vaccine containing 80 μg sf with 2.5 μg gla in se. subjects receiving 120 μ ...201728679495
severity of pneumonia in under 5-year-old children from developing countries: a multicenter, prospective, observational study.pneumonia is the leading cause of death in children. the objectives were to evaluate the microbiological agents linked with hypoxemia in hospitalized children with pneumonia from developing countries, to identify predictors of hypoxemia, and to characterize factors associated with in-hospital mortality. a multicenter, observational study was conducted in five hospitals, from india (lucknow, vadu), madagascar (antananarivo), mali (bamako), and paraguay (san lorenzo). children aged 2-60 months wit ...201728719310
severe viral respiratory infections in children with ifih1 loss-of-function mutations.viral respiratory infections are usually mild and self-limiting; still they exceptionally result in life-threatening infections in previously healthy children. to investigate a potential genetic cause, we recruited 120 previously healthy children requiring support in intensive care because of a severe illness caused by a respiratory virus. using exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified and characterized three rare loss-of-function variants in ifih1, which encodes an rig-i-like receptor ...201728716935
modulation of the transcription factor nf-κb in antigen-presenting cells by bovine respiratory syncytial virus small hydrophobic protein.bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) is an important cause of respiratory disease in young cattle and is closely related to human rsv (hrsv), which causes severe respiratory disease in infants and the elderly. the rsv genome encodes a small hydrophobic (sh) protein with viroporin activity. previous studies have shown that recombinant brsv lacking the sh gene (rbrsvδsh) is attenuated in the lungs, but not in the upper respiratory tract, of calves and mucosal vaccination with rbrsvδsh induced ...201728714847
emergence of on1 genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup a in china between 2011 and 2015.a molecular epidemiological study of human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) was conducted to examine the distribution of its subgroups and genotypes, as well as to identify its transmission pattern in china. a total of 705 samples collected from 9 provinces in china between january 2008 and february 2015 were identified as hrsv-positive and were subsequently sequenced. of these, 336 samples were hrsv subgroup a (hrsva), 368 samples were hrsv subgroup b (hrsvb), and 1 sample contained both hrsv ...201728710393
advances in asthma 2016: designing individualized approaches to management.in this years advances in asthma review we discuss viral infections in asthma and potential therapeutic agents, the microbiome, novel genetic associations with asthma, air quality and climate effects on asthma, exposures during development and long term sequelae of childhood asthma, patient centered outcome research, and precision medicine. in addition, we discuss application of biomarkers to precision medicine, and new information on asthma medications. new evidence indicates that rhinovirus-tr ...201728709967
effectiveness of palivizumab in high-risk infants and children: a propensity score weighted regression analysis.infants with premature birth ≤35 weeks gestational age, chronic lung disease of prematurity and congenital heart disease are at an increased risk for lower respiratory tract infections and hospitalization from respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), which has been shown in randomized trials to be prevented by palivizumab. however, palivizumab effectiveness (pe) has not been studied in a large clinical setting.201728709160
identification of two novel functional trna-derived fragments induced in response to respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children from infancy up to early childhood. recently, we demonstrated that rsv infection alters cellular small non-coding rna (sncrna) expression, most notably the trna-derived rna fragments (trfs). however, the functions of the trfs in virus-host interaction are largely unknown. herein, we examined the role of three rsv-induced trfs derived from the 5-end of mature trnas decoding glyccc, lysct ...201728708049
viral etiology, seasonality and severity of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory infections in the eastern mediterranean region, 2007-2014.little is known about the role of viral respiratory pathogens in the etiology, seasonality or severity of severe acute respiratory infections (sari) in the eastern mediterranean region.201728704440
costs of hospitalization with respiratory syncytial virus illness among children aged <5 years and the financial impact on households in bangladesh, 2010.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute respiratory illness in young children and results in significant economic burden. there is no vaccine to prevent rsv illness but a number of vaccines are in development. we conducted this study to estimate the costs of severe rsv illness requiring hospitalization among children <5 years and associated financial impact on households in bangladesh. data of this study could be useful for rsv vaccine development and also the value of va ...201728702175
a novel host factor for human respiratory syncytial virus.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading viral cause of severe lower respiratory disease in young children worldwide. as part of a genome-wide sirna screen, we recently discovered that actin-related protein 2 (arp2) is a host factor in the rsv replication cycle. arp2 is a major constituent of the arp2/3 complex, which catalyzes actin polymerization involved in cell morphology and motility. in the course of investigating this finding, we also found that rsv infection of human lung e ...201728702128
molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus in iranian ≥60 years old hospitalized patients with acute respiratory symptoms.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is an important cause of acute respiratory infection (ari) and mortality in ≥60 years old population around the world. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency and circulating genotypes of hrsv in iranian patients ≥ 60 years old.201728646846
roles of non-coding rnas in respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection.analysis of host gene expression profiles following viral infections of target cells/tissues can reveal crucial insights into the host: virus interaction and enables the development of novel therapeutics and prophylactics. regions of the host genome that do not code for protein, encode structural, and functional non-coding rnas that are important not only in regulation of host gene expression but also may impact viral replication. this review summarizes the role of host non-coding rnas during re ...201728646339
national high-flow nasal cannula and bronchiolitis survey highlights need for further research and evidence-based guidelines.high-flow nasal cannula (hfnc) therapy provides noninvasive respiratory support for infant bronchiolitis and its use has increased following good clinical experiences. this national study describes hfnc use in finland during a severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) epidemic.201728643443
a new antiviral pregnane from a gorgonian-derived cladosporium sp. fungus.a new pregnane, 3α-hydroxy-7-ene-6,20-dione (1), and five known steroids (2-6), along with one known steroidal glycoside (7) were obtained from the fungus cladosporium sp. wz-2008-0042 cultured from a gorgonian dichotella gemmacea collected from the south china sea. the structure and absolute configuration of the new compound (1) were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data and x-ray diffraction data. the compound has a rare configuration of 3α-oh that is different from most of pregnanes. ...201728641456
viral aetiology of wheezing in children under five.wheezing is a common problem in children under five with acute respiratory infections (aris). viruses are known to be responsible for a considerable proportion of aris in children. this study was undertaken to know the viral aetiology of wheezing among the children less than five years of age, admitted to a tertiary care hospital in eastern india.201728639594
does atopy affect the course of viral pneumonia?the presence of atopy is considered as a risk factor for severe respiratory symptoms in children. the objective of this study was to examine the effect of atopy on the course of disease in children hospitalised with viral pneumonia.201728634031
respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in adult emergency department patients: do emergency providers consider rsv as an admission diagnosis?: a retrospective, observational study carried out at massachusetts general hospital, boston, ma.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) has been recognized for over half a century as a cause of morbidity in infants and children. over the past 20years, data has emerged linking rsv as a cause of illness in adults resulting in 177,000 annual hospitalizations and up to 14,000 deaths among older adults.201728633906
severe viral pneumonia in adults: what is important for the icu physician? 201728633583
a functional genomics approach to henipavirus research: the role of nuclear proteins, micrornas and immune regulators in infection and disease.hendra and nipah viruses (family paramyxoviridae, genus henipavirus) are zoonotic rna viruses that cause lethal disease in humans and are designated as biosafety level 4 (bsl4) agents. moreover, henipaviruses belong to the same group of viruses that cause disease more commonly in humans such as measles, mumps and respiratory syncytial virus. due to the relatively recent emergence of the henipaviruses and the practical constraints of performing functional genomics studies at high levels of contai ...201728674944
respiratory viruses detected in mexican children younger than 5 years old with community-acquired pneumonia: a national multicenter study.acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of mortality in children worldwide, especially in developing countries. pneumonia accounts for 16% of all deaths of children under 5 years of age and was the cause of death of 935000 children in 2015. despite its frequency and severity, information regarding its etiology is limited. the aim of this study was to identify respiratory viruses associated with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) in children younger than 5 years old.201728673837
the central conserved region (ccr) of respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) g protein modulates host mirna expression and alters the cellular response to infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infects respiratory epithelial cells and deregulates host gene expression by many mechanisms including expression of rsv g protein (rsv g). rsv g protein encodes a central conserved region (ccr) containing a cx3c motif that functions as a fractalkine mimic. disruption of the cx3c motif (a.a. 182-186) located in the ccr of the g protein has been shown to affect g protein function in vitro and the severity of rsv disease pathogenesis in vivo. we show that infectio ...201728671606
effects of icariin on asthma mouse model are associated with regulation of prostaglandin d2 level.we aimed to observe the effect of icariin on an asthma mouse model and explore the potential underlying mechanisms.201728669561
burden and seasonality of viral acute respiratory tract infections among outpatients in southern sri lanka.in tropical and subtropical settings, the epidemiology of viral acute respiratory tract infections varies widely between countries. we determined the etiology, seasonality, and clinical presentation of viral acute respiratory tract infections among outpatients in southern sri lanka. from march 2013 to january 2015, we enrolled outpatients presenting with influenza-like illness (ili). nasal/nasopharyngeal samples were tested in duplicate using antigen-based rapid influenza testing and multiplex p ...201728719323
an interaction of lps and rsv infection in augmenting the ahr and airway inflammation in mice.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (lrti) in children under 5 years of age, especially infants with severe bronchiolitis. our preliminary clinical experiments showed that bacterial colonization was commonly observed in children with virus-induced wheezing, particularly in those with recurrent wheezing, suggesting that bacterial colonization with an accompanying viral infection may contribute to disease severity. in most cases, rsv-in ...201728695368
systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of combined epinephrine and corticosteroid therapy for acute bronchiolitis in infants.objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of combined epinephrine and corticosteroid therapy for acute bronchiolitis in infants. methods: four electronic databases (medline, embase, cinahl, and central) were searched from their inception to february 28, 2017 for studies involving infants aged less than 24 months with bronchiolitis which assessed the use of epinephrine and corticosteroid combination therapy. the methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the cochrane collabo ...201728690542
recurrent rhinovirus infections in a child with inherited mda5 deficiency.mda5 is a cytosolic sensor of double-stranded rna (ds)rna including viral byproducts and intermediates. we studied a child with life-threatening, recurrent respiratory tract infections, caused by viruses including human rhinovirus (hrv), influenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). we identified in her a homozygous missense mutation in ifih1 that encodes mda5. mutant mda5 was expressed but did not recognize the synthetic mda5 agonist/(ds)rna mimic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid. when ...201728606988
a human challenge model for respiratory syncytial virus kinetics, the pharmacological effect of a novel fusion inhibitor, and the modelling of symptoms scores.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes acute lower respiratory tract infections, and is a major cause of hospital admissions and death in young children. limited treatments currently exist that can prevent or minimise exacerbation of the disease. the aims of this work were: 1) to develop a population pharmacodynamic model to describe rsv kinetics (rsvk) in nasal lavage, 2) evaluate the impact of an investigational fusion inhibitor, jnj-53718678, on rsvk, and 3) determine the relationship betwe ...201728606804
[expression of interferon-λ1 in respiratory epithelial cells of children with rsv infection and its relationship with rsv load].to investigate the expression of ifn-λ1 in respiratory epithelial cells of children with respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection and its relationship with rsv load.201728606236
microorganisms associated with pneumonia in children <5 years of age in developing and emerging countries: the gabriel pneumonia multicenter, prospective, case-control study.pneumonia, the leading infectious cause of child mortality globally, mainly afflicts developing countries. this prospective observational study aimed to assess the microorganisms associated with pneumonia in children aged <5 years in developing and emerging countries.201728605562
product review on the monoclonal antibody palivizumab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) accounts for about 20% of all respiratory infections in children below the age of 5 y. it is associated with up to 63% of all acute respiratory infections and up to 81% of all viral lower respiratory tract infections causing hospitalization in infants and young children. rsv leads to seasonal epidemics between november and april in the northern hemisphere. most severe infections (rsv accounts for 50 to 80% of all cause bronchiolitis) affect infants younger than ...201728605249
the importance of rsv f protein conformation in vlps in stimulation of neutralizing antibody titers in mice previously infected with rsv.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a significant respiratory pathogen but no vaccine is available. rsv infections present 2 major, unique problems. first, humans can experience repeated infections caused by the same virus sero-group indicating that protective memory responses to rsv infection are defective. second, most people have been infected with rsv by age 5. immune responses to these infections, while poorly protective, could impact the effectiveness of a vaccine. the goal of this study ...201728604155
usefulness of ct value in acute respiratory infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus a and b and influenza virus a (h1n1)pdm09, a (h3n2) and b.acute respiratory infections of viral cause are very frequent entities. the difficulty in evaluating the detection of a virus in these entities could be solved by determining the viral load.201728601216
determining the burden of respiratory syncytial virus disease: the known and the unknown. 201728689665
infections caused by hrsv a on1 are predominant among hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis in são paulo city.human respiratory syncytial virus is the main cause of respiratory infections in infants. several hrsv genotypes have been described. goals. to describe the main genotypes that caused infections in são paulo (2013-2015) and to analyze their clinical/epidemiological features. methods. 94 infants (0-6 months) with bronchiolitis were studied. clinical/epidemiological information was collected; a search for 16 viruses in nasopharyngeal secretion (pcr-real-time and conventional, sequencing, and phylo ...201728626754
intravenous palivizumab in respiratory syncytial virus infection after hematopoietic stem cell transplant in children.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection can cause lower respiratory tract disease and mortality in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (hsct) recipients. we report two children who underwent hsct and developed rsv infection simultaneously at the bone marrow transplant unit. the treatment with intravenous palivizumab was provided and sequential viral loads were measured in nasopharyngeal (np) and whole blood samples. to our knowledge, this is the first report where rsv loads were mea ...201728598593
epitope mapping and kinetics of cd4 t cell immunity to pneumonia virus of mice in the c57bl/6 strain.pneumonia virus of mice (pvm) infection has been widely used as a rodent model to study the closely related human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv). while t cells are indispensable for viral clearance, they also contribute to immunopathology. to gain more insight into mechanistic details, novel tools are needed that allow to study virus-specific t cells in c57bl/6 mice as the majority of transgenic mice are only available on this background. while pvm-specific cd8 t cell epitopes were recently ...201728615708
preclinical assessment of safety of maternal vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) in cotton rats.maternal immunization directed to control rsv infection in newborns and infants is an appealing vaccination strategy currently under development. in this work we have modeled maternal vaccination against rsv in cotton rats (cr) to answer two fundamental questions on maternal vaccine safety. we tested (i), whether a known, unsafe rsv vaccine (i.e., fi-rsv lot 100 vaccine) induces vaccine enhanced disease in the presence of passively transferred, rsv maternal immunity, and (ii) whether the same fi ...201728624306
respiratory syncytial virus infection compromises asthma tolerance by recruiting interleukin-17a-producing cells via ccr6-ccl20 signaling.asthma tolerance can be induced by breast-feeding or oral feeding with ovalbumin (ova). anergy or deletion of specific t cells and generation of t regulatory cells might contribute to this process. however, whether respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection would affect asthma tolerance is not very clear. here, we first established asthma and oral tolerance mouse models and then analyzed airway hypersensitivity and asthma-related genes in the lung, ccr6-expressing il-17a(+) cells in the lungs, ...201728599122
evaluation of the expression level of 12/15 lipoxygenase and the related inflammatory factors (ccl5, ccl3) in respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice model.human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a leading cause of acute respiratory infection during early childhood and imposes a great burden on patients, parents, and society. disease is thought to be caused, at least partially, by an excessive immune response. pulmonary leukocyte infiltration is the result of a coordinated expression of diverse chemokines with distinct cellular specificities. lipoxygenases (loxs), as a key enzyme catalyzing deoxygenation of poly unsaturated fatty acids, regulate ...201728579398
modelled seasonal influenza mortality shows marked differences in risk by age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic position in new zealand.influenza is responsible for a large number of deaths which can only be estimated using modelling methods. such methods have rarely been applied to describe the major socio-demographic characteristics of this disease burden.201728579304
a phase 2 randomized, observer-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial of aluminum-adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus f particle vaccine formulations in healthy women of childbearing age.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) causes significant morbidity and mortality in infants. we are developing an rsv fusion (f) protein nanoparticle vaccine for immunization of third trimester pregnant women to passively protect infants through transfer of rsv-specific maternal antibodies. the present trial was performed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of several formulations of rsv f vaccine in 1-dose or 2-dose schedules.201728579233
low retinol-binding protein and vitamin d levels are associated with severe outcomes in children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection and respiratory syncytial virus or human metapneumovirus detection.retinol binding protein and vitamin d were measured in children aged <5 years hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infection and respiratory syncytial virus and/or human metapneumovirus detections. low vitamin levels were observed in 50% of the children and were associated with significantly elevated risk of the need for intensive care unit admission and invasive mechanical ventilation.201728578159
a safe and efficient bcg vectored vaccine to prevent the disease caused by the human respiratory syncytial virus.the human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) causes lower respiratory tract infections including pneumonia and bronchiolitis. such infections also cause a large number of hospitalizations and affects mainly newborns, young children and the elderly worldwide. symptoms associated with hrsv infection are due to an exacerbated immune response characterized by low levels of ifn-γ, recruitment of neutrophils and eosinophils to the site of infection and lung damage. although hrsv is a major health prob ...201728598702
broad-spectrum inhibition of respiratory virus infection by microrna mimics targeting p38 mapk signaling.the majority of antiviral therapeutics target conserved viral proteins, however, this approach confers selective pressure on the virus and increases the probability of antiviral drug resistance. an alternative therapeutic strategy is to target the host-encoded factors that are required for virus infection, thus minimizing the opportunity for viral mutations that escape drug activity. micrornas (mirnas) are small noncoding rnas that play diverse roles in normal and disease biology, and they gener ...201728624201
mitochondrial protein p32/hapb1/gc1qr/c1qbp is required for efficient respiratory syncytial virus production.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is a major cause of respiratory infections in infants and the elderly, leading to more deaths than influenza each year, but there is no antiviral or efficacious vaccine currently available. here we examine the role in infection of the host mitochondrial protein p32 (habp/gc1qr/c1qbp) for the first time. rsv replication as well as infectious virus production was significantly reduced by p32 sirna knockdown, consistent with an important role for p32 in rsv infecti ...201728576489
association of c-reactive protein with bacterial and respiratory syncytial virus-associated pneumonia among children aged <5 years in the perch study.lack of a gold standard for identifying bacterial and viral etiologies of pneumonia has limited evaluation of c-reactive protein (crp) for identifying bacterial pneumonia. we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of crp for identifying bacterial vs respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) pneumonia in the pneumonia etiology research for child health (perch) multicenter case-control study.201728575375
respiratory syncytial virus: prospects for new and emerging therapeutics.respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (lrti) in infants, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. although the development of a rsv vaccine has been a priority for >50 years, there is still no vaccine available. treatment of rsv lrti has remained mostly supportive, i.e. hydration and oxygenation. palivizumab and ribavirin are the only options currently available for prevention and treatment of rsv infection, but evidence suggests that they are ...201728574729
efficacy and safety of ban huang oral liquid for treating bovine respiratory diseases.ban huang oral liquid was developed as a veterinary compound preparation by the lanzhou institute of husbandry and pharmaceutical sciences of the chinese academy of agricultural sciences (caas). the purpose of this study was to determine whether the oral liquid preparation of traditional chinese medicine, ban huang, is safe and effective for treating respiratory diseases in cattle.201728573221
clinical course of community-acquired respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in newborns hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit. 201728621252
role of human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus in asthma exacerbations: where are we now?since its discovery in 2001, human metapneumovirus (hmpv) has been identified as an important cause of respiratory tract infection in young children, second only to the closely related respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). clinical evidence suggests that hmpv is associated with acute exacerbations of asthma in both children and adults, and may play a role in initiating asthma development in children. animal models have demonstrated that airway hyperresponsiveness (ahr) and inflammation are triggere ...201728667069
chd and respiratory syncytial virus: global expert exchange recommendations.palivizumab is the standard immunoprophylaxis against serious disease due to respiratory syncytial virus infection. current evidence-based prophylaxis guidelines may not address certain children with chd within specific high-risk groups or clinical/management settings.201728619123
structural basis for human respiratory syncytial virus ns1-mediated modulation of host responses.human respiratory syncytial virus (hrsv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the paediatric, elderly and immune-compromised populations(1,2). a gap in our understanding of hrsv disease pathology is the interplay between virally encoded immune antagonists and host components that limit hrsv replication. hrsv encodes for non-structural (ns) proteins that are important immune antagonists(3-6); however, the role of these proteins in viral pathogenesis is incompletely understood. here, we ...201728665409
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