Publications

the complete nucleotide sequence of pepper mottle virus genomic rna: comparison of the encoded polyprotein with those of other sequenced potyviruses.	the complete nucleotide sequence of a pepper mottle virus isolate from california (pepmov c) has been determined from cloned viral cdnas. the pepmov c genomic rna is 9640 nucleotides excluding the poly(a) tail and contains a long open reading frame starting at nucleotide 168 and potentially encoding a polyprotein of 3068 amino acids. comparison of the pepmov c presumptive polyprotein with those of other sequenced members of the potyvirus group, including tobacco etch virus (tev), tobacco vein mo ...	1992	1413501
construction of a chimeric viral gene expressing plum pox virus coat protein.	the capsid-encoding gene of plum pox virus (ppv) was fused with the leader sequence of the coat protein mrna (cp) of tobacco mosaic virus by a novel mutagenesis technique which involves reverse transcription of minus-strand rna [synthesized by in vitro transcription of a double-stranded (ds) cdna clone], using an ad hoc synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide as primer. the resulting cdna was rendered ds and cloned into the plasmid, pbluescribe m13+. transcription of this chimeric construction produced r ...	1992	1398133
restriction of porcine parvovirus replication in nonpermissive cells.	swine testicle (st) cells and madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells differ in their ability to support replication of porcine parvovirus (ppv). viral replication events in st cells, a permissive cell type, and mdck cells, a nonpermissive cell type, were compared in an attempt to elucidate putative mechanisms of restrictive virus replication. radiolabeled ppv bound to the cell surface of both cell types equally well and the binding was shown to be ppv specific, indicating that the restriction wa ...	1992	1370555
the response of pregnant gilts previously given an inactivated preparation of porcine parvovirus (ppv) to challenge infection with a fully virulent ppv.	eight 40-day pregnant gilts, previously treated with an adjuvanted-inactivated viral preparation (aivp) obtained with a field strain of porcine parvovirus (ppv) together with 4 pregnant untreated controls, were subjected to challenge infection with a virulent strain of ppv at the 40th day of gestation. after challenge, all controls became febrile for 2 to 8 days, whereas only one gilt among those which had been treated with the aivp experienced fever which lasted 4 days. virus was consistently r ...	1992	1331715
immunohistological diagnosis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease (rhd).	in the present study the diagnostic use of a biotinylated serum from an immune rabbit was investigated by means of an avidin-biotin-complex (abc)-peroxidase method on paraffin sections. 15 cases of rhd which had been verified histologically and/or by haemagglutination test (ha), 4 suspected cases and 3 cases without history of rhd were included (cases 1 to 22). from 5 prospective cases a wider tissue range was examined (cases 23 to 25 and 29 to 30). furthermore lungs, liver and placenta of 3 fet ...	1992	1325718
coat protein mediated resistance to plum pox virus in nicotiana clevelandii and n. benthamiana.	transgenic nicotiana benthamiana and n. clevelandii plants expressing the coat protein of plum pox virus under the control of the 35s promoter from cauliflower mosaic virus were engineered by agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. the phenomenon of virus resistance was observed at different levels when transgenic plants, expressing the coat protein and control plants were compared after challenge infection with plum pox virus. n. clevelandii coat protein transgenic plants circumvent ...	1992	24213033
regeneration of transgenic plants of prunus armeniaca containing the coat protein gene of plum pox virus.	a system was developed which allows the transfer of foreign genes into apricot cultivars. we report the transformation and regeneration of prunus armeniaca plants with agrobacterium tumefaciens strain lba 4404 containing various binary plasmids, pbingusint, carrying the marker gene ß-glucuronidase (gus) and pbinppvm, carrying the coat protein gene of plum pox virus (ppv). the marker gene gus was used for optical evaluation of the efficiency of the transformation system. the coat protein gene of ...	1992	24213032
role of the tk+ phenotype in the stability of pigeonpox virus recombinant.	insertion of foreign dna containing the e. coli gpt marker by homologous recombination in the pigeonpox virus (ppv) thymidine kinase (tk) gene and selection for the presence of this dna in the viral genome produced unstable recombinants after 3 plaque purifications. we highlight the persistence of duplicated tk dna sequences arising from single crossing over, due to the growth advantage of tk+ virus. restoration of the tk function by coinsertion of the vaccinia virus tk gene led to stable tk+ re ...	1993	8394070
[suppression of replication of swine parvoviral antisense rna against the ns ppv gene in swine thyroid gland cells].	the possibility of suppression of porcine parvovirus (ppv) reproduction in the culture of thyroid gland cells of a swine that contain the integrated genes for asrna against the nonstructural proteins of the virus has been studied. 10 cell lines with the asrna genes have been obtained. the line with the maximal number of integrated gene copies was used to inflict with the parvovirus. the expression of asrna in this cell line was shown to lead to 95% suppression of ppv replication as compared with ...	1993	8510680
monoclonal antibodies suitable for plum pox virus determination.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to plum pox virus (ppv) were obtained after immunization of balb/c mice with purified ppv-w isolate. spleen cells from a mouse showing a high serum titer were used for fusion with sp2/0-ag14 myeloma cells. culture supernatants were screened for specific antibody production against ppv-w isolate using indirect elisa. a total of six stable hybridoma lines producing mabs of igg class were obtained. all four ppv isolates tested (w, a, d and m) can be distinguished by the ...	1993	8314598
inhibitory effects of human cystatin c on plum pox potyvirus proteases.	the effect of different protease inhibitors on the proteolytic processing of the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) polyprotein has been analyzed. human cystatin c, an inhibitor of cysteine proteases, interfered with the autoprocessing of the viral papain-like cysteine protease hcpro. unexpectedly, it also had an inhibitory effect on the autocatalytic cleavage of the nla protease which, although it has a cys residue in its active center, has been described as structurally related to serine proteases. othe ...	1993	8343605
tissue tropisms of porcine parvovirus in swine.	late-term gestation swine fetuses, similar to adult animals, are able to effectively mount immune response and survive porcine parvovirus (ppv) infection. an exception to this is the kresse strain of ppv, which causes fetal death in late-term gestation swine fetuses. in an effort to understand the basis for this profound difference in pathogenicity between kresse strain and the prototype strain of ppv, nadl-8, studies were designed to examine potential difference in sites of replication and quan ...	1993	8390826
3'-terminal sequence of the plum pox virus ps and ŏ6 isolates: evidence for rna recombination within the potyvirus group.	the sequence of the 3'-terminal 1768 nucleotides of the ps and ŏ6 isolates of plum pox virus (ppv) has been determined and compared with that of the equivalent regions of other ppv isolates sequenced previously. the sequenced region is part of the ppv open reading frame encoding the last 186 amino acids of the nib protein and the coat protein (cp, 330 amino acids), followed by a non-coding region of 220 nucleotides and a poly(a) tail. ppv-ps and ppv(-)ŏ6, just like ppv-el amar, show rather high ...	1993	8445362
evaluation of testing algorithms following the use of combination hiv-1/hiv-2 eia for screening purposes.	the licensure of combination human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and type 2 (hiv-1/hiv-2) enzyme immunoassays (eias) by the food and drug administration has been accompanied by a recommendation that u.s. blood banks begin testing the nation's blood supply for hiv-2 by june 1, 1992. the performance of a recently licensed combination hiv-1/hiv-2 eia (genetic systems) was evaluated using 3100 sera collected in the united states. a total of 2,049 sera were obtained from populations with low risk for ...	1993	8457381
immunodetection of the plum pox virus helper component in infected plants and expression of its gene in transgenic plants.	tobacco plants (nicotiana tabacum cv. xanthi) have been transformed via agrobacterium tumefaciens vectors, with cdnas corresponding to the plum pox virus (ppv) cistron 2 encoding helper component (hc-pro) and with the first two and half cistrons of the ppv genome. presence of the hc-pro in ppv-infected plants and transgenic plants transformed with the gene coding for this protein was investigated using specific polyclonal antibodies produced against the ppv hc-pro. the results suggest that two p ...	1993	8517789
comparative sequence analysis of four complete primary structures of plum pox virus strains.	the complete nucleotide sequence of plum pox virus (ppv) strain sk 68 was determined from a series of overlapping cdna clones. the exact 5' terminus was determined by direct rna sequencing. the rna sequence was 9786 nucleotides in length, excluding a 3' terminal poly(a) sequence. the large open reading frame starts at nucleotide position 147 and is terminated at position 9568. comparison of cistrons from other plum pox virus strains with those predicted for the sk 68 strain indicated the same ge ...	1993	8122394
use of polymerase chain reaction to detect porcine parvovirus associated with swine embryos.	the role of porcine parvovirus (ppv) in inducing reproductive failure in swine has been extensively documented. however, information is not available as to the risk of ppv transmission by embryo transfer. using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique, ppv-specific dna was detected in association with 4-day-old porcine embryos incubated in vitro in the presence of nadl-8 strain of ppv, despite attempts to rid the embryos of virus by either washing or treatment with pronase or trypsin. the p ...	1994	8192255
simple and rapid preparation of infected plant tissue extracts for pcr amplification of virus, viroid, and mlo nucleic acids.	a rapid, simple method for preparing plant tissues infected with viruses, viroids, or mlos using a commercial product known as gene releaser is described. the gene releaser polymeric matrix method produced plant extracts suitable for pcr amplification without the use of organic solvents, ethanol precipitation, or additional nucleic acid purification techniques. modification of maceration methods and/or extraction buffers resulted in the pcr amplification of potato spindle tuber, apple scar skin, ...	1994	7868647
nucleotide sequence of the coat protein gene of the skierniewice isolate of plum pox virus (ppv).	the coat protein (cp) gene of the skierniewice isolate of plum pox virus (ppv-s) has been amplified using the reverse transcription--polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr), cloned and sequenced. the nucleotide sequence of the gene and the deduced amino-acid sequence of ppv-s cp were compared with those of other ppv strains. the nucleotide sequence showed very high homology to most of the published sequences. the motif: asp-ala-gly (dag), important for the aphid transmissibility, was present in the a ...	1994	7913278
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to plum pox virus and their use in differentiation of mediterranean isolates.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific to plum pox virus (ppv) were prepared by fusing myeloma cell lines to spleen cells of mice immunized with purified virus, including virus prepared with protease inhibitors to preserve the integrity of the coat protein (cp). the characterized mabs could be used in elisa to differentiate several mediterranean ppv isolates differing in their geographical origin and cp size. at least seven antigenic sites could be established based on the recognition pattern and ...	1994	7526822
sensitive non-radioactive nucleic acid hybridization assay for plum pox virus detection.	a new non-radioactive sandwich hybridization assay was designed to simplify the analysis of a large number of plant samples. plant material was homogenized in 0.5% sds and added directly to the hybridization reaction, in which a pair of identifying probes were used. one of the probes was biotinylated capture rna specific for plum pox virus (ppv) strain sk-68; the other rna probe was synthesized from a plasmid bearing the adjacent sequence of this strain and was labelled with digoxigenin (dig). b ...	1994	7709075
[recent developments in the diagnosis of parapoxviruses].	neutralizing and non-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against parapoxviruses (ppv) were generated by immunizing balb/c-mice with gradient-purified ppv orf d-1701 or purified envelopes. epitope specificity studies identified three distinct epitopes localized in the virus envelope. these antigenic sites allowed a differentiation between orf and stomatitis papulosa viruses. for a rapid diagnosis of parapoxviruses transmission-electron microscopy, immunofluorescence- or immunoperoxidase-staining, ...	1994	7519370
rapid immunoassay for the detection of genital herpes infection.	we evaluated a new affinity membrane strip test for the diagnosis of herpetic genital infections. test strip results, which are available by immunoassay in 30 min without the need for special equipment, were compared with the results of viral culture.	1994	18475363
transgenic plums (prunus domestica l.) express the plum pox virus coat protein gene.	plum hypocotyl slices were transformed with the coat protein (cp) gene of plum pox virus (ppv-cp) following cocultivation with agrobacterium tumefaciens containing the plasmid pga482gg/ppvcp-33. this binary vector carries the ppv-cp gene construct, as well as the chimeric neomycin phosphotransferase and β-glucuronidase genes. integration and expression of the transferred genes into regenerated plum plants was verified through kan resistance, gus assays, and pcr amplification of the ppv-cp gene. ...	1994	24194220
interferon induction in peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes of man and farm animals by poxvirus vector candidates and some poxvirus constructs.	prototypes of three poxvirus genera--orthopoxvirus (opv), parapoxvirus (ppv), avipoxvirus (apv)--and newcastle disease virus (ndv) as a control, as well as three recombinant opv strains and one recombinant apv strain, were incubated in vitro with peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes (pbml) of man, sheep and swine. antiviral activity was determined in pbml culture supernatants at different time intervals after virus cell interaction using a cytopathic effect inhibition bioassay. additionally, ...	1995	7502485
properties of the active plum pox potyvirus rna polymerase complex in defined glycerol gradient fractions.	as a first step in the study of the replication of plum pox virus (ppv) rna, an in vitro virus-specific rna polymerase activity was characterized in a crude membrane extract (martin and garcia, 1991). in this study, we report the fractionation of the crude membrane extract by centrifugation in glycerol gradients. the sedimentation properties after different treatments of the crude extract and its insensitivity to micrococcal nuclease treatment suggest that the rna polymerase activity was localiz ...	1995	7483826
rna helicase activity of the plum pox potyvirus ci protein expressed in escherichia coli. mapping of an rna binding domain.	the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) cylindrical inclusion (ci) protein fused to the maltose binding protein (mbp) has been synthesized in escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography in amylose resin. in the absence of any other viral factors, the fusion product had ntpase, rna binding and rna helicase activities. these in vitro activities were not affected by removal of the last 103 amino acids of the ci protein. however, other deletions in the c-terminal part of the protein, although leav ...	1995	7538661
transmission by aphids of a naturally non-transmissible plum pox virus isolate with the aid of potato virus y helper component.	two spanish plum pox virus (ppv) isolates, 5.15 and 3.3, were used in transmission experiments involving the aphid vector myzus persicae, with woody and herbaceous host plants. these isolates differ in the size of their coat protein (cp) and sequence analysis revealed that isolate 3.3 has a 15 amino acid deletion near the n terminus of the cp, affecting the same positions as in a previously reported non-aphid-transmissible ppv isolate from germany. aphid transmission experiments showed that isol ...	1995	7561767
expression of the plum pox coat protein gene in transgenic nicotiana tabacum plants.	plant expression vector pbi 121 containing the gene encoding coat protein of plum pox virus of the skierniewice isolate (cp ppv-s) was prepared (clone pcm1). the construct was used for transformation of nicotiana tabacum plants using an agrobacterium tumefaciens based system. about 82% of kanamycin resistant plant lines contained a transgene (the sequence of cp ppv-s) but only 81% of them actively expressed the ppv-s coat protein gene as measured by rt-pcr.	1995	7653168
localization of fruit tree viruses by immuno-tissue printing in infected shoots of malus sp. and prunus sp.	immuno-tissue printing protocols for the localization of apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (aclsv), stem grooving virus (sgv) and plum pox virus (ppv) in shoots of prunus and malus in vitro have been established for routine diagnosis in a virus elimination program. since these viruses belong to different virus genera, the protocols were adapted according to the properties of the virus under investigation. accumulation of aclsv was highest in the base of the stem and decreased towards the apex of t ...	1995	8537455
detection of respiratory syncytial virus by reverse transcription-pcr and hybridization with a dna enzyme immunoassay.	nasal aspirates from 238 infants hospitalized with acute respiratory infections during the winter of 1994 and 1995 were tested for respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) by immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and the viral isolation technique (vit) and by two pcr and hybridization methods: reverse transcription pcr 1 (rt-pcr1), which amplifies the rnas of all rsv strains, and rt-pcr-2, which allows subgroup classification of rsv. rt-pcr-1 and rt-pcr-2 detected viral sequences in 56.7% (135 of 238) and 48. ...	1995	8586738
processing of the plum pox virus polyprotein at the p3-6k1 junction is not required for virus viability.	proteolytic processing of the potyvirus polyprotein is mainly performed by the virus-encoded nia protease, whose cleavage sites are characterized by conserved heptapeptide sequences. partial processing at the cleavage site present between the p3 and 6k1 cistrons by the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) nia protease has been previously shown to occur in vitro. we have now studied the role of polyprotein processing at the p3-6k1 junction in vivo, using a full-length ppv cdna clone. ppv mutant transcripts c ...	1995	9049341
the use of respiratory-tract cultures in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.	to define the role of lower-respiratory-tract cultures in the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (ipa) in immunocompromised hosts.	1996	8629651
print-capture pcr: a simple and highly sensitive method for the detection of plum pox virus (ppv) in plant tissues.		1996	8668554
the rna helicase ci from plum pox potyvirus has two regions involved in binding to rna.	the plum pox virus (ppv) protein ci is an rna helicase, whose function in the virus replication is still unknown. recently, an rna binding domain was mapped to a region of the ci protein that includes the arginine-rich motif vi typical of rna helicases of the superfamily sf2. in the present study, a second region involved in rna binding activity of the ci protein has been identified. northwestern assays with a series of maltose-binding protein fusions that contain different ci fragments showed t ...	1996	8690088
comparison of the safety and immunogenicity of a pneumococcal conjugate with a licensed polysaccharide vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus and non-human immunodeficiency virus-infected children.	to compare the safety and immunogenicity of a 5-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine to a licensed 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine in hiv-infected and non-hiv-infected children > or = 2 years old.	1996	8852905
first findings of plum pox virus in walnut trees (juglans regia l.)	plum pox virus (ppv) was transmitted from infected buds and leaves of walnut tree (juglans regia l.) on the following herbaceous indicators: chenopodium foetidum schrad., nicotiana bigelovii var. quadrivalvis fuchs., n. clevelandii x n. glutinosa. a positive elisa reaction with antisera against ppv was obtained from infected buds and leaves of juglans regia l. and from attacked leaves of indicator plants.	1996	8886101
frequent occurrence of recombinant potyvirus isolates.	we have performed a systematic search for recombination in the region encoding coat protein and the 3' non-translated region in natural isolates of potyviruses, the largest group of plant rna viruses. the presence of recombination, and the localization of the cross-over points, were confirmed statistically, by three different methods. recombination was detected or suspected in 18 out of 109 potyvirus isolates tested, belonging to four out of eight virus species, and was most prevalent in potato ...	1996	8760448
detection of antibodies against porcine parvovirus nonstructural protein ns1 may distinguish between vaccinated and infected pigs.	the humoral antibody response against the nonstructural protein ns1 and the structural protein vp2 of porcine parvovirus (ppv) was evaluated by immuno-peroxidase test (ipt) and enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay (elisa) using recombinant ppv antigens. the coding sequence for ns1 and vp2 was inserted into the baculovirus. autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (acnpv) genome resulting in two recombinant baculoviruses acnpv-ns1 and acnpv-vp2, respectively. sf9 cells (spodoptora frugidip ...	1997	9050166
identification of three distinct antigenic sites in parapoxviruses.	monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were generated in balb/c mice immunized with gradient-purified particles, envelopes and cores of intracellular mature orf virus d-1701. three distinct antigenic sites were identified in this virus strain. their topographical relationships was determined by pairwise epitope specificity studies in competition elisas. one mab (class igm) neutralized virus infectivity. four micrograms/ml purified igm gave a 50% reduction of 100 pfu of orf virus d-1701. as shown by immuno ...	1997	9170506
comparison of two different methods for inactivation of viruses in serum.	in order to compare protocols for inactivation of viruses potentially present in biological specimens, three different model viruses were treated in bovine serum by two different inactivation methods: samples were subjected either to chemical inactivation with ethylenimine (el) at concentrations of 5 and 10 mm at 37 degrees c for periods up to 72 h or to electron-beam irradiation in frozen and liquid form with doses varying between 11 and 46 kgy. the chemical inactivation resulted in nonlinear t ...	1997	9302195
production of strain specific antibodies against a synthetic polypeptide corresponding to the n-terminal region of the plum pox potyvirus coat protein.	comparison of the predicted coat protein amino acid sequence of the 'sweet cherry' strain of plum pox potyvirus (ppv-swc) with the corresponding regions of several other ppv strains indicated that the main differences are in the n-terminal region. polyclonal antibodies were produced against a synthetic peptide corresponding to the 1-14 sequence of the n-terminal region of ppv-swc coat protein. they specifically detected ppv-swc in different immunochemical tests.	1997	9504763
virucidal treatment of blood protein products with uvc radiation.	the virus safety of blood derivatives continues to be of concern, especially with respect to nonenveloped and/or heat-stable viruses. previously, we demonstrated that treatment of whole plasma, ahf concentrate or fibrinogen with short wavelength ultraviolet light (uvc) results in the inactivation of > or = 10(6) infectious doses (id) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), hepatitis a virus (hav) and porcine parvovirus (ppv), each of which is nonenveloped. protein recovery was enhanced greatly by ...	1997	9077126
analysis of the sequence diversity of the p1, hc, p3, nib and cp genomic regions of several yam mosaic potyvirus isolates: implications for the intraspecies molecular diversity of potyviruses.	partial sequences from serologically characterized yam mosaic potyvirus (ymv) isolates were determined in conserved (helper-component proteinase, hc; nuclear inclusion b, nib) and variable (first protein, p1; third protein, p3; and coat protein, cp) regions of the potyviral genome in order to investigate the intraspecies molecular diversity of ymv. multiple sequence alignments and pairwise comparisons were used to quantify the sequence polymorphism in these regions. two levels of diversity were ...	1997	9191916
long sequences in the 5' noncoding region of plum pox virus are not necessary for viral infectivity but contribute to viral competitiveness and pathogenesis.	the 5'-terminal 31 nucleotides of the 146-nucleotides-long 5' noncoding region of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) are highly conserved in all the members of the potyvirus genus. to map the sequences of the 5' noncoding region that are necessary in vivo for infectivity, we have constructed a nested set of substitution and deletion mutants. while we were not able to infect nicotiana clevelandii plants with full-length ppv transcripts bearing mutations in the 5'-terminal 35 nucleotides of the viral genome ...	1997	9201225
serological characterization of hungarian plum pox virus isolates.	three hungarian (no. 2, 4 and 9), and a moldavian (k) plum pox virus isolates were compared with a characterized spanish isolate (5.15) by rt-pcr, elisa, dot-blot and western blot analysis. monoclonal antibodies prepared against the external, intermediate and internal sequences of the coat protein of the spanish isolate were able to differentiate the four isolates. hungarian isolate no. 2 proved to be serologically identical to the spanish isolate, while no. 4 showed appreciable differences and ...	1997	9232895
design of a solubilization pathway for recombinant polypeptides in vivo through processing of a bi-protein with a viral protease.	an artificial maturation pathway for increasing the solubility in vivo of recombinant proteins overproduced in escherichia coli is reported, which is based on the proteolytic processing of viral polyproteins. the gene product of interest is expressed as a fusion to a heterologous moiety (i.e. the maltose binding protein, male) in order to increase the overall solubility of the hybrid. the hinge region between the two fusion partners contains a cleavage site for the nia protein, a very specific p ...	1997	9278287
specific detection of d- and m-isolates of plum pox virus by immunoenzymatic determination of pcr products.	molecular techniques based on the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) can provide rapid and sensitive diagnosis of plum pox virus (ppv), the causal agent of the devastating 'sharka' disease of stone fruit trees. the present study compared routine polymerase chain reaction (pcr) procedures against a new system, pcr-elisa (boehringer mannheim), which enables immunoenzymatic detection of pcr products. the results show that this hybridisation system ensures fast and more sensitive detection of ppv assoc ...	1997	9300377
cap-independent leaky scanning as the mechanism of translation initiation of a plant viral genomic rna.	the genome of plum pox virus contains a single open reading frame that is translated into a large polyprotein. although the open reading frame starts at nucleotide 36 (36aug), it is translated from the second, 147aug, which is in a more favourable context for translation initiation. we have carried out in vitro translation and transient expression analysis in protoplasts of a nested set of substitution and deletion mutants, and the results show that no internal structure in the 5' noncoding regi ...	1997	9349492
validation of the heat treatment step used in the production of diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (dclhb) for viral inactivation--effect of crosslinking.	two experiments were performed to assess viral inactivation during the crosslinking and heat treatment steps of the dclhb manufacturing process. stroma free hemoglobin (sfhb) collected from a large scale manufacturing lot was tested in a 1:680 scaled down system in which the key parameters used in the manufacturing process were replicated. in the first study porcine parvovirus (ppv), a non-enveloped virus, was used to assess inactivation, while in the second study bovine viral diarrhea virus (bv ...	1997	9352057
the motif v of plum pox potyvirus ci rna helicase is involved in ntp hydrolysis and is essential for virus rna replication.	the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) protein ci is an rna helicase whose function in the viral life cycle is still unknown. the ci protein contains seven conserved sequence motifs typical of rna helicases of the superfamily sf2. we have introduced several individual point mutations into the region coding for motif v of the ppv ci protein and expressed these proteins in escherichia coli as maltose binding protein fusions. mutations that abolished rna helicase activity also disturbed ntp hydrolysis. no mu ...	1997	9358154
simultaneous detection and typing of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates by heminested-pcr and pcr-elisa.	two techniques for simultaneous detection and typing of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates belonging to the d or m serotypes, heminested pcr (h-pcr) and pcr-elisa, have been developed. ten ppv isolates typed using ppv-d and ppv-m specific monoclonal antibodies by elisa-dasi were used to validate these two methods. the results obtained show a complete coincidence of the nucleic acid-based techniques with the serological data. when serial dilutions of infected plant extracts were assayed, h-pcr and ...	1997	9389402
susceptibility of peach gf 305 seedlings and selected herbaceous plants to plum pox virus isolates from western slovakia.	the susceptibility of peach gf 305 seedlings and herbaceous plants to five plum pox virus (ppv) isolates from orchards of western slovakia was investigated. ppv was isolated from diseased plum, apricot and peach trees, and transmitted by chip-budding to peach gf 305. the herbaceous plants were infected by mechanical inoculation. the transmission was analysed by symptomatology and double sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). infected peaches developed leaf distortion, tissue cle ...	1997	9607094
development of an antigen presentation system based on plum pox potyvirus.	the development of an antigen presentation system based on the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) is here described. the amino-terminal part of ppv capsid protein was chosen as the site for expression of foreign antigenic peptides. modifications in this site were engineered to avoid the capability of natural transmission by aphids of this ppv vector. as a first practical attempt, different forms of an antigenic peptide (single and tandem repetition) from the vp2 capsid protein of canine parvovirus (cpv) w ...	1998	9607317
nicotiana benthamiana plants transformed with the plum pox virus helicase gene are resistant to virus infection.	nicotiana benthamiana domin. plants were transformed with the cytoplasmic inclusion protein (ci) gene of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) to investigate, whether this non-structural protein would be able to confer resistance. the ci protein is an rna helicase, which contains a conserved nucleotide binding motif (ntbm) and plays an important role in viral replication. two gene constructions were developed for plant transformation. the first contains the original coding sequence of the ci gene under the c ...	1998	9617773
mapping the antigenic structure of porcine parvovirus at the level of peptides.	the antigenic structure of the capsid proteins of porcine parvovirus (ppv) was investigated. a total of nine linear epitopes were identified by pepscan using porcine or rabbit anti-ppv antisera. no sites were identified with a panel of neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mabs). all epitopes were located in the region corresponding to the major capsid protein vp2. based on this information, and on analogy to other autonomous parvoviruses, 24 different peptides were synthesised, coupled to keyhole ...	1998	9620208
use of modified plum pox virus coat protein genes developed to limit heteroencapsidation-associated risks in transgenic plants.	aphid transmission of a non-aphid-transmissible strain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv-nat) occurs in transgenic plants expressing the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) coat protein (cp) gene. heteroencapsidation has been shown to be responsible for this modification in the epidemiological characteristics of the infecting virus. in order to prevent this biological risk, several modified ppv cp constructs were produced that were designed to interfere with heteroencapsidation itself or to block aphid ...	1998	9634095
evidence for incomplete replication of a penguin poxvirus in cells of mammalian origin.	the recent discovery of a novel poxvirus [penguin-pox virus (ppv)] from jackass penguins offers the potential of a unique candidate vaccine vector for use in mammals. infectivity studies were therefore undertaken using a number of mammalian cell lines and chick embryo fibroblasts (cef). it was shown that the simian cv-1 cell line was able to support replication of the ppv dna, but no infectious progeny virus could be recovered from the infected cells. electron microscopy was used to establish th ...	1998	9680125
changing disease patterns in focal brain lesion-causing disorders in aids.	to assess temporal trends of the different disorders causing focal brain lesions (fbl) in hiv-infected patients and to examine the reliability of the u.s. centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) criteria for presumptive diagnosis of toxoplasmic encephalitis (te) for the years 1991 to 1996.	1998	9704942
inactivation of viruses by beta-propiolactone in human cryo poor plasma and igg concentrates.	virus inactivation by cold treatment with beta-propiolactone (bpl) was investigated in human cryo poor plasma and purified igg concentrates spiked with relevant human viruses or appropriate animal model viruses. the samples were treated with 0.1 or 0.25% bpl for 300 or 480 min, respectively. residual infectivity was determined by standard microtitration assays on tissue culture cells. the inactivation of all viruses tested was more effective in igg than in plasma. igg: r1=4-5.5 log10 for vesicul ...	1998	9811521
prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection.	we report here the results of a study on the prenatal diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection. the study was carried out by both pcr and virus isolation from amniotic fluid (af) for 82 pregnant women at risk of transmitting cmv for the detection of (i) seroconversion to cmv immunoglobulin g (igg) positivity during the first trimester of pregnancy, (ii) symptomatic cmv infection in the mother during the first trimester of pregnancy or intrauterine growth retardation detected by ul ...	1998	9817869
properties of a virus causing mosaic and leaf curl disease of celosia argentea l. in nigeria.	a sap transmissible virus, causing mosaic and leaf curl disease of celosia argentea, was isolated at vegetable farms in amuwo odofin, tejuoso, and abule ado, lagos, nigeria. the virus had a restricted host range confined to a few species of the amaranthaceae, chenopodiaceae and solanaceae families. it failed to infect several other species of the aizoaceae, brassicaceae, cucurbitaceae, fabaceae, lamiaceae, malvaceae, poaceae and tiliaceae families. the virus was transmitted in a non-persistent m ...	1998	9842442
ultrastructural localization of nonstructural and coat proteins of 19 potyviruses using antisera to bacterially expressed proteins of plum pox potyvirus.	antisera to the bacterially expressed nonstructural proteins (nsp) hc-pro, ci, nia, and nib and the coat protein (cp) of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) were used for analysing the composition of virus-induced cytoplasmic and nuclear inclusions by electron microscopy. the antisera reacted with nsp and cp of ppv on immunogold-labelled ultrathin sections. antiserum to cp reacted with virions of seven out of 18 other potyviruses. cp was distributed throughout the cytoplasm of infected cells. antisera to p ...	1998	9856098
nucleotide sequence of the putative replicase gene of the sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus.	the complete nucleotide sequence of the nib coding region of the sour cherry strain of plum pox potyvirus (ppv-soc) has been determined. it consists of 1554 nucleotides and encodes a putative replicase protein of 518 amino acids. sequence identity scores between nib of ppv-soc and other isolates of ppv are significantly low (c. 78%). many of the nucleotide substitutions, however, are silent. ppv-soc differs from isolates of ppv-d, ppv-m and ppv-e1 amar at multiple amino acid positions that are c ...	1998	9856106
susceptibility to recombination rearrangements of a chimeric plum pox potyvirus genome after insertion of a foreign gene.	infectious rna transcripts were generated from a chimeric cdna clone of the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) genome containing the bacterial beta-glucuronidase (gus) gene inserted between the sequences coding for the p1 and hc proteins. an artificial cleavage site specific for the nia viral proteinase was engineered between the gus and hc sequences to produce free gus and hc proteins. the resulting virus ppvgus/ was stably maintained during the first round of infection, although plants remained symptoml ...	1998	9870586
strain variability of plum pox virus isolates from western slovakia.	leaf tissues of stone fruit trees (plum, apricot, peach and myrobalan) carrying symptoms of plum pox virus (ppv) infection and of peach gf 305 seedlings and nicotiana benthamiana infected experimentally with ppv were assayed for ppv by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the expected 243 bp pcr products were subjected to restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis with restriction endonucleases alui and rsai. all of the pcr products contained the alui site. the rsai restriction profile ...	1998	9770072
analysis of genomic rearrangement and subsequent gene deletion of the attenuated orf virus strain d1701.	the orf virus (ov) strain d1701 belongs to the genetically heterogenous parapoxvirus (ppv) genus of the family poxviridae. the attenuated ov d1701 has been licensed as a live vaccine against contagious ecthyma in sheep. detailed knowledge on the genetic structure and organization of this ppv vaccine strain is an important prerequisite to reveal possible genetic mechanisms of ppv attenuation. the present study demonstrates a genomic map of the approximately 158 kbp dna of ov d1701 established by ...	1998	9784065
reproductive tract infections in primary healthcare, family planning, and dermatovenereology clinics: evaluation of syndromic management in morocco.	to determine where and with what symptoms women seek care for reproductive tract infections (rti) in morocco and to guide allocation of resources for training and treatment for rtis.	1998	10023358
new methods for inactivation of lipid-enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.	two new methods are described for inactivating lipid-enveloped and non-enveloped viruses in plasma-derived products such as coagulation factors and intravenous immunoglobulin (igiv). iodine/sephadex delivers iodine to igiv solutions in a slow, controlled way and allows for inactivation of > or = 4 logs of porcine parvovirus (ppv), a hardy non-enveloped virus, under conditions which do not measurably damage the structural or functional properties of the igiv, and with essentially no iodination of ...	1998	9873761
detection of plum pox virus by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in some apricot and peach varieties and hybrids in romania.	plum pox virus (ppv) is a potyvirus widely spread in many species of the prunus genus such as plum, apricot, peach, sweet cherry and others. this potyvirus causes great damage to stone fruit trees in romania and other european countries as hungary, italy, czech republic, france, spain, greece, turkey, and slovak republic. the research station for fruit tree growing baneasa in bucharest has realized many studies on the epidemiology and spread of ppv and also on the disease symptomatology and dete ...	1998	10073239
some results of 50 years of research on the resistance to plum pox virus.	over 300 references on the resistance of stone fruit species to plum pox virus (ppv) have been utilized for the summarization of relevant information in this review. methods of testing ppv resistance, procedures of evaluation and characterization of ppv resistance as well as breeding of ppv-resistant cultivars are briefly discussed. altogether 370 cultivars, hybrids and clones of plum, peach, apricot, nectarine and wild prunus species are tabulated together with the authors who have reported on ...	1998	10073219
relationship between concentration of plum pox virus and content of pigments in virus-infected symptomatic apricot leaves.	besides other factors, occurrence of plum pox virus (ppv)-caused spots and mosaic symptoms on leaves of stone fruits are known to influence important physiological functions including production of assimilates. apricot (prunus armeniaca l.) seedlings were used as a test material for typical manifestation of symptoms of the disease on the foliage. the relations of the abovementioned visual symptoms to the virus and pigments concentrations in leaves have so far not been known sufficiently. we dete ...	1998	10073220
comparison of different methods of rna isolation for plum pox virus detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.	the diagnosis of plum pox virus (ppv) is still considered one of the most important aspects of the "sharka" problem. in fact, different studies demonstrated an uneven distribution of the virus in infected trees due to a high variability in virus concentration. these aspects complicate the ppv diagnosis. to date, biological, serological and molecular assays have been successively developed in order to obtain sensitive and efficient ppv detection techniques. in particular, the polymerase chain rea ...	1998	10073221
investigation on the plum pox virus resistance in different apricot genotypes.	in our three-year investigation, 164 apricot trees of different old german varieties cultivated in the mansfelder land region were tested for the plum pox virus (ppv) resistance by double grafting in greenhouse conditions using an isolate of ppv d strain from our region. we selected 25 genotypes with quantitative resistance and two with immunity. the first results of field trials are comparable with those from greenhouse. with cvs. virosia and brevira, two local quantitatively resistant varietie ...	1998	10073222
characterization of plum pox virus isolates from slovakia.	plum pox virus (ppv) isolates from stone-fruit trees (plums, myrobalans, apricots and peaches) from orchards and gardens were characterized. to characterize their biological properties, several ppv isolates were transmitted by chip budding to gf 305 seedlings and mechanically to selected herbaceous test plants. the isolates differed in severity of infection, host range and symptomatology. a subgroup differentiation of 43 isolates from 22 localities of western and middle slovakia was accomplished ...	1998	10073223
breeding of plums and prunes resistant to plum pox virus.	at hohenheim we started a plum breeding programme to get new sharka-resistant cultivars with better fruit quality. in the last years we have recognized that the resistance of all cultivated plums is based on quantitative criteria and therefore relative. for this reason we changed our strategy for the resistance breeding. for the first breeding cycle we used special donors with quantitative resistance. today, the qualitative resistance is more integrated. we intend to combine both types of resist ...	1998	10073224
aphid species--vectors of plum pox virus.	plum pox virus (ppv) is widely spread by natural vectors present in plum orchards. the efficiency of transmission is dependent on the frequency of the occurrence of vectors and the cultivar susceptibility to this pathogen. having in view that ppv has a wide range of annual and multiannual host plants and vectors, there is great concern for obtaining ppv-resistant cultivars. this report deals with the following vectors: hyalopterus pruni, brachycaudus cardui, brachycaudus helichrysi. myzus persic ...	1998	10073225
high resistance and control of biological risks in transgenic plants expressing modified plum pox virus coat protein.	transgenic plums transformed with the plum pox virus coat protein (ppv cp) gene displayed a resistance to the sharka disease (ravelonandro et al., 1997). however, the expression of ppv cp in transgenic plants may lead to complementation of deficient characteristic of an incoming potyvirus. indeed, an aphid-intransmissible strain of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (zymv-nat) could be transmitted when encapsidated by the engineered ppv cp (lecoq et al., 1993). to control such a risk, new ppv cp const ...	1998	10073226
mineral nutrition of plum trees as an important factor of protection against plum pox virus disease.	the experimental results obtained from a fruit garden at krajné pointed out a different content of macrobiogenic elements in the leaves of plum trees infected with plum pox virus (ppv) as compared to healthy ones. mineral nutrition of diseased trees was characteristic by lower relational values of topical levels of macrobiogenic elements especially those of n/p, n/k, (ca + mg)/k, and (n/p)/(n/k).	1998	10073227
preliminary report on the apparent breaking of resistance of a transgenic plum by chip bud inoculation of plum pox virus ppv-s.	five transgenic clones of prunus domestica l. containing plum pox virus (ppv) coat protein (cp) gene and one non-transformed control clone were challenged with ppv-s in the field. symptoms developed on c2, c3, c4, c6 and b70146 but not c5 trees inoculated by chip budding (cbi) (2/2, 2/2, 1/1, 2/2 and 2/2, positive/inoculated) in the first summer after inoculation. however, in the second year, symptoms appeared on cbi c5 trees. the presence of the virus in the plants was confirmed by enzyme-linke ...	1998	10073228
new results concerning the plum pox virus epidemiology and resistance of plum cultivars, hybrids and rootstocks.	our recent results on the plum pox virus (ppv) epidemiology show that ppv spreads very rapidly in plum tree plantations in the contaminated areas. a clearing of the ppv-infected trees reduces significantly the spread of the virus but does not eliminate the disease. some plum tree cultivars, hybrids and rootstocks (scoldus, alina, cristi, bn 1/8fl, bn 2gr. etc) showing field resistance could not be infected with ppv by natural way. however, they could be infected with ppv by artificial inoculatio ...	1998	10073229
production of a monoclonal antibody specific to the el amar strain of plum pox virus.	plum pox virus (ppv) isolates are grouped into three clusters differentiated by biological, serological, molecular and epidemiological characteristics: marcus (m), dideron (d) and cherry (c). the el amar (ea) isolate that does not fit any of the above groups is also known. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) that specifically recognize m, d, and c strains of ppv are already available. to complete the set of ppv strain-specific serological reagents, mabs against the ea isolate were raised by immunizing ...	1998	10073230
detection and serotyping of mediterranean plum pox virus isolates by means of strain-specific monoclonal antibodies.	plum pox virus (ppv) is a major threat to the expanding mediterranean stone fruit industry. in order to control the plum pox disease it is of utmost importance to detect early ppv foci and to identify the ppv isolates involved. a survey was therefore carried out in albania, cyprus, egypt, greece, italy and turkey by a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa) with the following monoclonal antibodies (mabs): 5b (universal), 4dg5 (ppv-d-specific), al (ppv-m-specific), ...	1998	10073231
molecular variability of czech plum pox virus isolates.	seventy-two czech plum pox virus (ppv) isolates from different hosts were tested by double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (das-elisa). in addition, the coat protein mobility and the rsai restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) pattern of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-(rt-pcr) amplified coat protein (cp) gene fragment of the isolates were analysed. both ppv-d and ppv-m serotypes were found in the czech republic. the results obtained by these differen ...	1998	10073232
testing of plum germplasm for sensitivity to plum pox.	a long-term orchard experiment with a broad assortment of plum cultivars aimed to screen their sensitivity to plum pox virus (ppv) was established in 1991. for this purpose, 207 cultivars to be artificially infected with ppv at a permanent site were chosen. the serotype m of ppv from a tree of cv. domestic prune, which had not been contaminated by other viruses, was used as a source of the infection. three buds infected with ppv were budded on 1-year-old trees. in the course of experiment the fo ...	1998	10073233
detection of plum pox virus in apricot seeds.	twelve different apricot selection trees from a germplasm collection naturally infected with plum pox virus (ppv) were chosen to investigate the role of seeds in the epidemiology of this dangerous pathogen. all the considered plants showed typical symptoms on leaves and fruits and were positive in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the virus was characterized by immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (ic-rt-pcr) followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism ...	1998	10073234
relative concentration of plum pox virus in leaves and flowers of some prunus species and cultivars.	the relative concentration of plum pox virus (ppv) in leaves and flowers of plum, damson, myrobalan, blackthorn, apricot and peach trees was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) and expressed as the lowest dilution with positive reaction. significant differences in relative ppv concentration were found in leaves among individual prunus species naturally or artificially infected with the virus. the highest relative ppv concentration was found in blackthorns (7.81 x 10(-4)), com ...	1998	10073235
restriction fragment length polymorphism differentiation of plum pox virus isolates.	reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) technique and restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis were used to analyse six isolates of plum pox virus (ppv). whole coat protein (cp) gene was amplified in four isolates using the unipoty-polyt primer pari. ppv-d was identified by rflp analysis using sfui and drai enzymes in two of the isolates. two isolates of ppv-m strain yielded rt-pcr products which could not be digested by the two enzymes. other isolates were subje ...	1998	10073236
characterization of phenotype resistance to plum pox of transgenic plums expressing plum pox virus capsid gene.	resistance to plum pox virus (ppv) infection can be obtained in transgenic plants that express the virus capsid gene. an agrobacterium-mediated transformation was used to introduce the ppv capsid gene into prunus domestica plants. over 11 regenerated plants (clones) were observed for the development of the disease symptoms and analysed for the presence of ppv by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), western blot analysis, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) through ...	1998	10073237
agroclimatical analysis of plum pox virus spread in slovakia.	in this report, the plum pox virus (ppv) spread from the point of view of agroclimatical conditions on the territory of slovakia is analysed. the worst condition for the ppv spread was found in a warm macroregion. the air temperature sum in this macroregion during vegetative period ranged from 2400 to 3100 degrees c. the worst condition for the ppv spread was found in dry subregions of the macroregion. these were defined by differences between potential evapotranspiration and rainfall sums which ...	1998	10073238
removal of viruses from human intravenous immune globulin by 35 nm nanofiltration.	viral safety is an important prerequisite for clinical immunoglobulin preparations. a common manufacturing practice is to utilize several virus removal/inactivation process steps to ensure the safety of human intravenous immunoglobulin (ivig). in this regard, we examined the use of planova 35 nm filters to reduce potential loads of both non-enveloped and enveloped viruses prior to end-stage solvent detergent treatment. the nanofiltration process was validated for removal of a variety of envelope ...	1998	10403036
plum pox potyvirus resistance associated to transgene silencing that can be stabilized after different number of plant generations.	nicotiana benthamiana plants were transformed with a fragment of the plum pox potyvirus (ppv) genome that encodes the nuclear inclusion a (nia) and b (nib) proteins and the n-terminus of the capsid protein (nia-nib-cp). lines transformed with this ppv genomic fragment harboring mutations in the gdd replicase-motif were also obtained. plants of niadeltav lines that carry a gdd to vdd mutation in the ppv transgene, were immune to ppv infection. the resistance was highly specific, since it was only ...	1998	9469941
transport of viruses through fetal membranes: an in vitro model of perinatal transmission.	a model system for perinatal transmission of viral infections was developed and transport of infectious virus particles through fetal membranes was investigated. viruses of different families known to cause serious intrauterine infections were selected, including relevant and model viruses: the dna-viruses hsv-1 and -2 as well as the animal herpes viruses bhv-1 and shv-1, the rna-virus bvdv as a model for hepatitis c virus, hiv-1 and -2, and ppv as a model for parvovirus b19. migration of infect ...	1998	9557298
specific oligonucleotide primers for the direct detection of plum pox potyvirus-cherry subgroup.	a specific polymerase chain reaction assay was developed for direct identification of the distinct subgroup of plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates from cherry trees (ppv-cherry, ppv-c) and its differentiation from other known subgroups of ppv. the specificity of the assay is based on using a pair of primers whose nucleotide sequences are located on the coat protein gene of ppv-sour cherry (soc) at regions of high nucleotide divergence between ppv-soc and other isolates of ppv. the technique will b ...	1998	9562418
routine diagnosis of herpes simplex virus (hsv) encephalitis by an internal dna controlled hsv pcr and an igg-capture assay for intrathecal synthesis of hsv antibodies.	the development of antiviral therapy increases the need for rapid, sensitive and reliable methods or combination of methods for diagnosis and monitoring herpes simplex encephalitis, hse.	1998	9562858
detection of challenge virus in fetal tissues by nested pcr as a test of the potency of a porcine parvovirus vaccine.	to estimate the potency of a porcine parvovirus (ppv) vaccine, three vaccinated and three non-vaccinated pregnant gilts were infected with ppv and the distribution of the virus was studied in the tissues of their 51 fetuses. virus detection was attempted using haemagglutination (ha) and immunofluorescence (if) assays, as well as by standard (single) and nested polymerase chain reactions (pcr). none of the detection methods yielded positive results when used to test for the presence of virus in s ...	1998	9563172
a recombinant virus-like particle system derived from parvovirus as an efficient antigen carrier to elicit a polarized th1 immune response without adjuvant.	hybrid virus-like particles (vlp) were prepared by self-assembly of the modified porcine parvovirus (ppv) vp2 capsid protein carrying a cd8+ or cd4+ t cell epitope. immunization of mice with a single dose of these hybrid pseudo-particles, without adjuvant, induced strong cytotoxic t lymphocyte and t helper (th) responses against the reporter epitope. the th response was characterized by a th1 phenotype. we also analyzed in vitro the uptake mechanism of these parvovirus-like particles and the pro ...	1998	9565380
comparison of monoclonal antibodies and polymerase chain reaction assays for the typing of isolates belonging to the d and m serotypes of plum pox potyvirus.	abstract plum pox potyvirus (ppv) isolates may be divided into four groups separated by serological, molecular, and epidemiological differences. monoclonal antibodies specific for the two major groups of isolates, represented by the d and m serotypes of the virus, have been obtained. polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays allowing the direct detection and differentiation of ppv isolates have also been developed. we now report on a large-scale comparison of these two typing approaches. the ...	1998	18944965
parapoxviruses: potential alternative vectors for directing the immune response in permissive and non-permissive hosts.	parapoxvirus (ppv) represents a genus of the poxviridae, and particularly ppv ovis (orf virus, ov) seems to offer several potential advantages for the use of vector vaccine. therefore, we started to investigate the genome of the highly attenuated ov strain d1701, which was only poorly characterised until now. due to recombination of non-homologous sequences, part of the right hand end of the d1701 genome was duplicated and translocated to the opposite end of the genome. as a consequence gene del ...	1999	10486932
engineering parvovirus-like particles for the induction of b-cell, cd4(+) and ctl responses.	an antigen delivery system based on hybrid recombinant parvovirus-like particles (vlps) formed by the self-assembly of the capsid vp2 protein of porcine (ppv) or canine parvovirus (cpv) expressed in insect cells with the baculovirus system has been developed. ppv:vlps containing a cd8(+) epitope from the lcmv nucleoprotein evoked a potent ctl response and were able to protect mice against a lethal infection with the virus. also, ppv:vlps containing the c3:t epitope from poliovirus elicited a cd4 ...	1999	10506659