| cd8+ t lymphocytes control murine cytomegalovirus replication in the central nervous system of newborn animals. | human cmv infection of the neonatal cns results in long-term neurologic sequelae. to define the pathogenesis of fetal human cmv cns infections, we investigated mechanisms of virus clearance from the cns of neonatal balb/c mice infected with murine cmv (mcmv). virus titers peaked in the cns between postnatal days 10-14 and infectious virus was undetectable by postnatal day 21. congruent with virus clearance was the recruitment of cd8(+) t cells into the cns. depletion of cd8(+) t cells resulted i ... | 2008 | 18641350 |
| epitope-specific in vivo protection against cytomegalovirus disease by cd8 t cells in the murine model of preemptive immunotherapy. | preclinical research in murine models as well as subsequent clinical trials have concordantly revealed a high protective potential of antiviral cd8 t cells, of donor-derived ex vivo memory cd8 t cells in particular, in the immunotherapy of cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in immunocompromised recipients. although it is generally held view that the observed beneficial effect of the transferred cells is viral epitope-specific, involving the recognition of mhc class-i presented peptides by cognate t ... | 2008 | 18340461 |
| ly49h is necessary for genetic resistance to murine cytomegalovirus. | natural killer (nk) cells play critical roles in antiviral immunity. while the importance of effector mechanisms such as interferons has been demonstrated through knockout mice, specific mechanisms of how viruses are recognized and controlled by nk cells are less well defined. previous genetic studies have mapped the resistance genes for murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), herpes simplex virus-1 (hsv-1), and ectromelia virus to the nk gene complex on murine chromosome 6, a region containing the polym ... | 2008 | 18668236 |
| transactivation of cellular genes involved in nucleotide metabolism by the regulatory ie1 protein of murine cytomegalovirus is not critical for viral replicative fitness in quiescent cells and host tissues. | despite its high coding capacity, murine cmv (mcmv) does not encode functional enzymes for nucleotide biosynthesis. it thus depends on cellular enzymes, such as ribonucleotide reductase (rnr) and thymidylate synthase (ts), to be supplied with deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dntps) for its dna replication. viral transactivation of these cellular genes in quiescent cells of host tissues is therefore a parameter of viral fitness relevant to pathogenicity. previous work has shown that the ie1, but no ... | 2008 | 18684825 |
| passive immunization reduces murine cytomegalovirus-induced brain pathology in newborn mice. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the most frequent cause of congenital viral infections in humans and frequently leads to long-term central nervous system (cns) abnormalities that include learning disabilities, microcephaly, and hearing loss. the pathogenesis of the cns infection has not been fully elucidated and may arise as a result of direct damage of cmv-infected neurons or indirectly secondary to inflammatory response to infection. we used a recently established model of mouse cmv (mcmv) inf ... | 2008 | 18842707 |
| persistent virus infection inhibits type i interferon production by plasmacytoid dendritic cells to facilitate opportunistic infections. | emerging studies indicate an association between virus-induced impairment in type i interferon (ifn-i) production and enhanced susceptibility to opportunistic infections, which represent a major health problem. here, we provide in vivo evidence that lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) infection of its natural murine host dramatically diminishes the unique capacity of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) to secrete high levels of systemic ifn-i. while both acute and persistent lcmv infection ... | 2008 | 18854241 |
| mutagenesis of the murine cytomegalovirus m56 terminase gene. | the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) m56 is one of three proteins that combine to form the mcmv terminase, required for cleavage and packaging of viral dna into capsids. deletion of m56 from a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone of the mcmv genome was considered lethal, as the mutant bac failed to reconstitute infectious virus. reintroduction of m56 at an ectopic locus complemented the deletion, allowing reconstitution of a virus that replicated with wild-type efficiency. however, neither t ... | 2008 | 18931084 |
| ly49h-deficient c57bl/6 mice: a new mouse cytomegalovirus-susceptible model remains resistant to unrelated pathogens controlled by the nk gene complex. | cmv1 was the first mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resistance locus identified in c57bl/6 mice. it encodes ly49h, a nk cell-activating receptor that specifically recognizes the m157 viral protein at the surface of mcmv-infected cells. to dissect the effect of the ly49h gene in host-pathogen interactions, we generated c57bl/6 mice lacking the ly49h region. we found that 36 h after mcmv infection, the lack of ly49h resulted in high viral replication in the spleen and dramatically enhanced proinflamma ... | 2008 | 18941230 |
| wheat streak mosaic virus lacking helper component-proteinase is competent to produce disease synergism in double infections with maize chlorotic mottle virus. | abstract the tritimovirus wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) and the machlomovirus maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) each cause systemic chlorosis in infected maize plants. infection of maize with both viruses produces corn lethal necrosis disease (clnd). here, we report that complete deletion of the wsmv helper component-proteinase (hc-pro) coding region had no effect on induction of clnd symptoms following coinoculation of maize with wsmv and mcmv. we further demonstrated that elevation of vir ... | 2007 | 18943679 |
| virally mediated inhibition of bax in leukocytes promotes dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus. | the evolutionary survival of viruses relies on their ability to disseminate infectious progeny to sites of transmission. the capacity to subvert apoptosis is thought to be crucial for ensuring efficient viral replication in permissive cells, but its role in viral dissemination in vivo has not been considered. we show here that the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) m38.5 protein specifically counters the action of bax. as predicted from our biochemical data, the capacity of m38.5 to inhibit apoptosis ... | 2009 | 18949000 |
| disruption of murine cardiac allograft acceptance by latent cytomegalovirus. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) reactivation is a well-described complication of solid organ transplantation. these studies were performed to (1) determine if cardiac allograft transplantation of latently infected recipients results in reactivation of cmv and (2) determine what impact cmv might have on development of graft acceptance/tolerance. balb/c cardiac allografts were transplanted into c57bl/6 mice with/without latent murine cmv (mcmv). recipients were treated with gallium nitrate induction and mon ... | 2009 | 18976295 |
| structure and function of murine cytomegalovirus mhc-i-like molecules: how the virus turned the host defense to its advantage. | the mouse cytomegalovirus (cmv), a beta-herpesvirus, exploits its large (~230 kb) double-stranded dna genome for both essential and non-essential functions. among the non-essential functions are those that offer the virus a selective advantage in eluding both the innate and adaptive immune responses of the host. several non-essential genes of mcmv are thought to encode mhc-i-like genes and to function as immunoevasins. to understand further the evolution and function of these viral mhc-i (mhc-iv ... | 2009 | 19011767 |
| specific inhibition of the pkr-mediated antiviral response by the murine cytomegalovirus proteins m142 and m143. | double-stranded rna (dsrna) produced during viral infection activates several cellular antiviral responses. among the best characterized is the shutoff of protein synthesis mediated by the dsrna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) and the oligoadenylate synthetase (oas)/rnase l system. as viral replication depends on protein synthesis, many viruses have evolved mechanisms for counteracting the pkr and oas/rnase l pathways. the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) proteins m142 and m143 have been characteriz ... | 2009 | 19019949 |
| murine cytomegalovirus displays selective infection of cells within hours after systemic administration. | a distinctive feature of the cytomegaloviruses is their wide tissue tropism, demonstrated by the infection of many organs and cell types in an active infection. however, in experimental models of systemic infection, the earliest stages of infection are not well characterized, and it is unclear whether only certain cells are initially infected. using a recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) expressing green fluorescent protein (gfp), we tracked viral infection after systemic administration via ... | 2009 | 19088270 |
| gamma-herpesvirus-induced protection against bacterial infection is transient. | herpesviruses are widely disseminated in the population and establish lifelong latency, which is associated with a variety of pathological consequences. a recent report showed that mice latently infected with either murine gamma-herpesvirus-68 (gammahv68) or murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), mouse pathogens genetically similar to the human herpesviruses, epstein-barr virus, kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, and cytomegalovirus, had enhanced resistance to subsequent bacterial infection, sugge ... | 2009 | 19210230 |
| the mouse cytomegalovirus immediate-early 1 gene is not required for establishment of latency or for reactivation in the lungs. | the immediate-early protein ie1 of human and mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is one of the first proteins expressed during the productive infection cycle and upon reactivation from latency. the cmv ie1 proteins have been found to inhibit histone deacetylases, suggesting a role in the epigenetic regulation of viral gene expression. consequently, the ie1 protein is considered to have a profound effect on reactivation, because small amounts of ie1 may be decisive for the switch to lytic replication. h ... | 2009 | 19211741 |
| in vivo characterization of cytokine profiles and viral load during murine cytomegalovirus-induced acute myocarditis. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is an etiologic agent of acute and chronic myocarditis in balb/c mice. immunologic host responses appear to play a key role in pathogenesis but have been incompletely defined. | 2010 | 19217318 |
| ly49p recognition of cytomegalovirus-infected cells expressing h2-dk and cmv-encoded m04 correlates with the nk cell antiviral response. | natural killer (nk) cells are crucial in resistance to certain viral infections, but the mechanisms used to recognize infected cells remain largely unknown. here, we show that the activating ly49p receptor recognizes cells infected with mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) by a process that requires the presence of h2-d(k) and the mcmv m04 protein. using h2 chimeras between h2-d(b) and -d(k), we demonstrate that the h2-d(k) peptide-binding platform is required for ly49p recognition. we identified m04 as ... | 2009 | 19255146 |
| a mouse model for cytomegalovirus infection. | this unit describes procedures for infecting newborn and adult mice with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). methods are included for propagating mcmv in cell cultures and for preparing a more virulent form of mcmv from salivary glands of infected mice. a plaque-forming cell (pfc) assay is provided for measuring mcmv titers of infected tissues or virus stocks. in addition, a method is described for preparing the murine embryonic fibroblasts used for propagating mcmv and for the pfc assay. | 2001 | 18432758 |
| intranasal immunization with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein b induces humoral and cellular immunity. | cytomegalovirus is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among neonatal and immunocompromised patients. the use of vaccine prophylaxis continues to be an effective approach to reducing viral infections and their associated diseases. murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) has proven to be a valuable animal model in determining the efficacy of newly developed vaccine strategies in vivo. live recombinant vesicular stomatitis viruses (rvsv) have successfully been used as vaccine vectors for several viru ... | 2008 | 18524170 |
| phosphonate analogues of cyclopropavir phosphates and their e-isomers. synthesis and antiviral activity. | z- and e-phosphonate analogues 12 and 13 derived from cyclopropavir and the corresponding cyclic phosphonates 14 and 15 were synthesized and their antiviral activity was investigated. the 2,2-bis(hydroxymethylmethylenecyclopropane acetate (17) was transformed to tetrahydropyranyl acetate 18. deacetylation gave intermediate 19 which was converted to bromide 20. alkylation with diisopropyl methylphosphonate afforded after protecting group exchange (21 to 22) acetylated phosphonate intermediate 22. ... | 2009 | 19410465 |
| cytomegalovirus infection causes an increase of arterial blood pressure. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is a common infection in adults (seropositive 60-99% globally), and is associated with cardiovascular diseases, in line with risk factors such as hypertension and atherosclerosis. several viral infections are linked to hypertension, including human herpes virus 8 (hhv-8) and hiv-1. the mechanisms of how viral infection contributes to hypertension or increased blood pressure are not defined. in this report, the role of cmv infection as a cause of increased blood pr ... | 2009 | 19436702 |
| identification of a 1.6 kb genome locus of guinea pig cytomegalovirus required for efficient viral growth in animals but not in cell culture. | guinea pig cytomegalovirus (gpcmv) provides a useful model for studies of congenital cmv infection. during characterization of the gpcmv genome sequence, we identified two types of strains in a virus stock purchased from atcc. one of them, gpcmv/del, lacks a 1.6 kb locus that positionally corresponds to murine cmv (mcmv) m129-m133. growth of gpcmv/del in cell culture was marginally better than that of the other strain, gpcmv/full, which harbors the 1.6 kb locus. however, in animals infected intr ... | 2008 | 18656220 |
| (z)- and (e)-2-(1,2-dihydroxyethyl)methylenecyclopropane analogues of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine. synthesis of all stereoisomers, absolute configuration, and antiviral activity. | chiral z- and e-stereoisomers of (1,2-dihydroxyethyl)methylenecyclopropane analogues of 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2'-deoxyguanosine were synthesized, and their antiviral activity was investigated. (s)-methylenecyclopropylcarbinol (16) was converted in seven steps to reagents 26 and 27, which were used for alkylation-elimination of adenine and 2-amino-6-chloropurine to get ultimately analogues 12a, 12b, 13a, 13b, 14a, 14b, 15a, and 15b. the enantiomeric series ent-12a, ent-12b, ent-13a, ent-13b, ent- ... | 2009 | 19397271 |
| synergism between the components of the bipartite major immediate-early transcriptional enhancer of murine cytomegalovirus does not accelerate virus replication in cell culture and host tissues. | major immediate-early (mie) transcriptional enhancers of cytomegaloviruses are key regulators that are regarded as determinants of virus replicative fitness and pathogenicity. the mie locus of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) shows bidirectional gene-pair architecture, with a bipartite enhancer flanked by divergent core promoters. here, we have constructed recombinant viruses mcmv-deltaenh1 and mcmv-deltaenh2 to study the impact of either enhancer component on bidirectional mie gene transcription a ... | 2009 | 19553390 |
| regulation of inflammatory monocyte/macrophage recruitment from the bone marrow during murine cytomegalovirus infection: role for type i interferons in localized induction of ccr2 ligands. | monocytes/macrophages are critical early innate immune responders during murine cmv (mcmv) infection. it has been established that inflammatory monocyte/macrophages are released from the bone marrow and into the peripheral blood before entry into infected tissue sites. we previously reported a role for ifn-alpha/beta in promotion of ccr2-mediated recruitment of monocyte/macrophages into the liver in response to mcmv infection. however, the mechanisms that support the migration of monocyte/macrop ... | 2009 | 19620305 |
| cd4+ t cell help has an epitope-dependent impact on cd8+ t cell memory inflation during murine cytomegalovirus infection. | murine cmv (mcmv) establishes a systemic, low-level persistent infection resulting in the accumulation of cd8(+) t cells specific for a subset of viral epitopes, a process called memory inflation. although replicating virus is rarely detected in chronically infected c57bl/6 mice, these inflationary cells display a phenotype suggestive of repeated ag stimulation, and they remain functional. cd4(+) t cells have been implicated in maintaining the function and/or number of cd8(+) t cells in other ch ... | 2009 | 19692644 |
| recombinant murine cytomegalovirus vector activates human monocyte-derived dendritic cells in a nf-kappab dependent pathway. | to evaluate the potential use of recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) as an antigen delivery vector, we examined the cytokine and cd80 and cd86 expression profiles of mcmv encoding either enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (mcmv-egfp) or human immunodeficiency virus-1 glycoprotein gp120 gene (mcmv-gp120) infected monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mo-dc) and investigated the role of nuclear factor kappa b (nf-kappab) in mo-dc activation. results showed that mcmv triggered the induction ... | 2009 | 19716178 |
| nk gene complex and chromosome 19 loci enhance mhc resistance to murine cytomegalovirus infection. | an h-2(k) mhc locus is critical for murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resistance in ma/my mice and virus control is abolished if h-2(k) is replaced with h-2(b) mhc genes from mcmv-susceptible c57l mice. yet, h-2(k) resistance varies with genetic background; thus, modifiers of virus resistance must exist. to identify non-mhc resistance loci, spleen and liver mcmv levels and genome-wide genotypes were assessed in (c57l x ma/my) and (ma/my x c57l) f(2) offspring (representing 550 meioses). significantl ... | 2010 | 19820922 |
| amphipathic dna polymers exhibit antiviral activity against systemic murine cytomegalovirus infection. | phosphorothioated oligonucleotides (ps-ons) have a sequence-independent, broad spectrum antiviral activity as amphipathic polymers (aps) and exhibit potent in vitro antiviral activity against a broad spectrum of herpesviruses: hsv-1, hsv-2, hcmv, vzv, ebv, and hhv-6a/b, and in vivo activity in a murine microbiocide model of genital hsv-2 infection. the activity of these agents against animal cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections in vitro and in vivo was therefore investigated. | 2009 | 19954538 |
| post-transcriptional regulation of mir-27 in murine cytomegalovirus infection. | in mammals, micrornas (mirnas) can play diverse roles in viral infection through their capacity to regulate both host and viral genes. recent reports have demonstrated that specific mirnas change in expression level upon infection and can impact viral production and infectivity. it is clear that mirnas are an integral component of viral-host interactions, and it is likely that both host and virus contain mechanisms to regulate mirna expression and/or activity. to date, little is known about the ... | 2010 | 20047990 |
| the m74 gene product of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is a functional homolog of human cmv go and determines the entry pathway of mcmv. | the glycoprotein go (ul74) of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) forms a complex with gh/gl. virus mutants with a deletion of go show a defect in secondary envelopment with the consequence that virus spread is restricted to a cell-associated pathway. here we report that the positional homolog of hcmv go, m74 of mouse cmv (mcmv), codes for a glycosylated protein which also forms a complex with gh (m75). m74 knockout mutants of mcmv show the same spread phenotype as go knockout mutants of hcmv, namely, ... | 2010 | 20181688 |
| rapamycin-resistant mtorc1 kinase activity is required for herpesvirus replication. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) infection has been shown to activate the mtorc1 signaling pathway. however, the phosphorylation of mtorc1 targets is differentially sensitive to the mtorc1 inhibitor rapamycin, and the drug inhibits hcmv replication to a modest extent. using torin1, a newly developed inhibitor that targets the catalytic site of mtor kinase, we show that hcmv replication requires both rapamycin-sensitive and rapamycin-resistant mtor activity. the treatment of infected cells with torin ... | 2010 | 20181700 |
| cross-presentation of a spread-defective mcmv is sufficient to prime the majority of virus-specific cd8+ t cells. | cd8+ t cells can be primed by peptides derived from endogenous proteins (direct presentation), or exogenously acquired protein (cross-presentation). however, the relative ability of these two pathways to prime cd8+ t cells during a viral infection remains controversial. cytomegaloviruses (cmvs) can infect professional antigen presenting cells (apcs), including dendritic cells, thus providing peptides for direct presentation. however, the viral immune evasion genes profoundly impair recognition o ... | 2010 | 20300633 |
| occult cytomegalovirus in vivarium-housed mice may influence transplant allograft acceptance. | we have recently shown that latent murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) can influence murine transplant allograft acceptance. during these studies we became aware that vivarium-housed control mice can acquire occult mcmv infection. the purpose of this investigation was to confirm occult mcmv transmission and determine the timing, vehicle, and possible consequences of transmission. mice arriving from a commercial vendor were negative for mcmv both by commercial serologic testing and by our nested pcr. m ... | 2010 | 20307665 |
| promoter control over foreign antigen expression in a murine cytomegalovirus vaccine vector. | previous studies have reported on the development of a recombinant murine cytomegalovirus (rmcmv) containing the mouse zona pellucida 3 (mzp3) gene for use as a virally vectored immunocontraceptive (vvic). this study aimed to alter promoter control over foreign antigen expression and cellular localisation of the antigen expressed in order to overcome virus attenuation previously encountered. early studies reported on the mzp3 gene expressed by a strong constitutive human cytomegalovirus immediat ... | 2010 | 20338212 |
| mhc class i d(k) expression in hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells confers natural killer cell resistance to murine cytomegalovirus. | nk cell-mediated murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resistance (cmv(r)) is under h-2(k) control in ma/my mice, but the underlying gene(s) is unclear. prior genetic analysis mapped cmv(r) to the mhc class i (mhc-i) d(k) gene interval. because nk cell receptors are licensed by and responsive to mhc class i molecules, d(k) itself is a candidate gene. a 10-kb genomic d(k) fragment was subcloned and microinjected into mcmv-susceptible (cmv(s)) (ma/my.l-h2(b) x c57l)f(1) or (b6 x dba/2)f(2) embryos. transg ... | 2010 | 20421478 |
| mutations in the m112/m113-coding region facilitate murine cytomegalovirus replication in human cells. | cytomegaloviruses, representatives of the betaherpesvirinae, cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts. they infect various cells and tissues in their natural host but are highly species specific. for instance, human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) does not replicate in mouse cells, and human cells are not permissive for murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are so far poorly understood. in the present study we isolated and characterized a s ... | 2010 | 20519391 |
| dominant negative mutants of the murine cytomegalovirus m53 gene block nuclear egress and inhibit capsid maturation. | the alphaherpesvirus proteins ul31 and ul34 and their homologues in other herpesvirus subfamilies cooperate at the nuclear membrane in the export of nascent herpesvirus capsids. we studied the respective betaherpesvirus proteins m53 and m50 in mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv). recently, we established a random approach to identify dominant negative (dn) mutants of essential viral genes and isolated dn mutants of m50 (b. rupp, z. ruzsics, c. buser, b. adler, p. walther and u. h. koszinowski, j. virol ... | 2010 | 20610730 |
| in vivo imaging assay for the convenient evaluation of antiviral compounds against cytomegalovirus in mice. | evaluation of newly identified antiviral compounds against cytomegalovirus (cmv) in vivo still requires laborious and time-consuming experiments using a large number of animals. in this study, we examined an in vivo imaging assay for the evaluation of antiviral compounds using a recombinant murine cmv expressing egfp (mcmv-gfp). we found the followings: (1) fluorescent signals were detectable from 1 day after subcutaneous inoculation of the viruses into the backs of mice, and reached to the peak ... | 2010 | 20633578 |
| murine cytomegalovirus perturbs endosomal trafficking of major histocompatibility complex class i molecules in the early phase of infection. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) functions interfere with protein trafficking in the secretory pathway. in this report we used δm138-mcmv, a recombinant virus with a deleted viral fc receptor, to demonstrate that mcmv also perturbs endosomal trafficking in the early phase of infection. this perturbation had a striking impact on cell surface-resident major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc-i) molecules due to the complementary effect of mcmv immunoevasins, which block their egress from the sec ... | 2010 | 20719942 |
| real-time taqman rt-pcr for detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus in maize seeds. | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) causes corn lethal necrosis disease, and can be transmitted through infected maize seeds. it remains a challenge to detect this virus in the seeds to prevent its introduction and infection. for this purpose, a real-time taqman rt-pcr procedure for efficient detection of mcmv was developed. the sensitivity of the method was 4 fg of total rna or 25 copies of rna transcripts, which was approximately ten-fold higher than conventional rt-pcr gel electrophoresis met ... | 2010 | 21073900 |
| cytomegalovirus immunoevasin reveals the physiological role of "missing self" recognition in natural killer cell dependent virus control in vivo. | cytomegaloviruses (cmvs) are renowned for interfering with the immune system of their hosts. to sidestep antigen presentation and destruction by cd8(+) t cells, these viruses reduce expression of major histocompatibility complex class i (mhc i) molecules. however, this process sensitizes the virus-infected cells to natural killer (nk) cell-mediated killing via the "missing self" axis. mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) uses m152 and m06 encoded proteins to inhibit surface expression of mhc i molecules ... | 2010 | 21078887 |
| can we build it better? using bac genetics to engineer more effective cytomegalovirus vaccines. | the magnitude and durability of immunity to human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) following natural infection is compromised by the presence of immune modulation genes that appear to promote evasion of host clearance mechanisms. since immunity to hcmv offers limited protection, rational design of effective vaccines has been challenging. in this issue of the jci, slavuljica and colleagues employ techniques to genetically modify the highly related mouse cmv (mcmv), in the process generating a virus that wa ... | 2010 | 21099107 |
| recombinant mouse cytomegalovirus expressing a ligand for the nkg2d receptor is attenuated and has improved vaccine properties. | human cmv (hcmv) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both congenitally infected and immunocompromised individuals. development of an effective hcmv vaccine would help protect these vulnerable groups. nk group 2, member d (nkg2d) is a potent activating receptor expressed by cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. its importance in hcmv immune surveillance is indicated by the elaborative evasion mechanisms evolved by the virus to avoid nkg2d. in order to study this signaling pa ... | 2010 | 21099111 |
| [role of cd4-cd8- t cells in the murine hepatitis virus type 3 induced chronic viral hepatitis]. | to investigate role of cd4-cd8- t cells in murine hepatitis virus type 3 (mhv-3) induced chronic viral hepatitis in c3h/hej mice and to identify their surface markers. | 2009 | 19335979 |
| the role of decay accelerating factor in the immunopathogenesis of cytomegalovirus infection. | a wide variety of the host immune elements play an influential role in the defence against cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection. however, the role of complement in the clearance of cmv infection is less well studied. decay accelerating factor (daf/cd55) is a membrane-bound complement regulatory protein that inhibits the formation and accelerates the decay of c3-convertase. here we hypothesize that murine cmv (mcmv) utilizes daf as an immunoevasive strategy through down-regulation of host adaptive res ... | 2010 | 21166665 |
| functional consequences of natural sequence variation of murine cytomegalovirus m157 for ly49 receptor specificity and nk cell activation. | the ly49h activating receptor on c57bl/6 (b6) nk cells plays a key role in early resistance to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection through specific recognition of the mcmv-encoded mhc class i-like molecule m157 expressed on infected cells. the m157 molecule is also recognized by the ly49i inhibitory receptor from the 129/j mouse strain. the m157 gene is highly sequence variable among mcmv isolates, with many m157 variants unable to bind ly49h(b6). in this study, we have sought to define if m ... | 2010 | 21187440 |
| plasmacytoid dendritic cell ablation impacts early interferon responses and antiviral nk and cd8(+) t cell accrual. | plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdcs) mediate type i interferon (ifn-i) responses to viruses that are recognized through the toll-like receptor 7 (tlr7) or tlr9 signaling pathway. however, it is unclear how pdcs regulate the antiviral responses via innate and adaptive immune cells. we generated diphtheria toxin receptor transgenic mice to selectively deplete pdcs by administration of diphtheria toxin. pdc-depleted mice were challenged with viruses known to activate pdcs. in murine cytomegalovirus ... | 2010 | 21130004 |
| the m33 chemokine receptor homolog of murine cytomegalovirus exhibits a differential tissue-specific role during in vivo replication and latency. | m33, encoded by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), is a member of the ul33 homolog g-protein-coupled receptor (gpcr) family and is conserved across all the betaherpesviruses. infection of mice with recombinant viruses lacking m33 or containing specific signaling domain mutations in m33 results in significantly diminished mcmv infection of the salivary glands. to determine the role of m33 in viral dissemination and/or infection in other tissues, viral infection with wild-type k181 virus and an m33 mu ... | 2009 | 19439478 |
| murine model for congenital cmv infection and hearing impairment. | congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (snhl), and snhl is the most frequent sequela of congenital cmv infection. but the pathogenic mechanism remains unknown, and there is no ideal cmv intrauterine infection animal model to study the mechanisms by which snhl develops. | 2011 | 21320351 |
| single cell detection of latent cytomegalovirus reactivation in host tissue. | the molecular mechanisms leading to reactivation of latent cytomegalovirus are not well understood. to study reactivation, the few cells in an organ tissue that give rise to reactivated virus need to be identified, ideally at the earliest possible time point in the process. to this end, mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) reporter mutants were designed to simultaneously express the red fluorescent protein mcherry and the secreted gaussia luciferase (gluc). whereas gluc can serve to assess infection at ... | 2011 | 21325477 |
| transmission of murine cytomegalovirus in breast milk: a model of natural infection in neonates. | vertical transmission of viruses in breast milk can expose neonates to infectious pathogens at a time when the capacity of their immune system to control infections is limited. we developed a mouse model to study the outcomes of acquisition of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) when neonates are breastfed by mothers with acute or latent infection. breast milk leukocytes collected from lactating mice were examined for the presence of mcmv ie-1 mrna by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr) with southern a ... | 2011 | 21367905 |
| the mouse cytomegalovirus glycoprotein m155 inhibits cd40 expression and restricts cd4 t cell responses. | cytomegaloviruses (cmv) utilize a variety of immunomodulatory strategies to facilitate the establishment of lifelong persistence in their infected hosts. we show that the mouse cmv (mcmv) m155 open reading frame (orf) is required for the posttranscriptional inhibition of cd40 expression in infected antigen-presenting cells. consistent with the known importance of cd40-mediated costimulation of t cells, a m155-deficient virus induces enhanced mcmv epitope-specific cd4 t cell responses. | 2011 | 21411536 |
| cytomegalovirus-induced sensorineural hearing loss with persistent cochlear inflammation in neonatal mice. | congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection is the leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss (snhl) in children. during murine (m)cmv-induced encephalitis, the immune response is important for both the control of viral dissemination and the clearance of virus from the brain. while the importance of cmv-induced snhl has been described, the mechanisms surrounding its pathogenesis and the role of inflammatory responses remain unclear. this study presents a neonatal mouse model of profound snhl in ... | 2011 | 21416394 |
| murine cytomegalovirus capsid assembly is dependent on us22 family gene m140 in infected macrophages. | macrophages are an important target cell for infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv). a number of viral genes that either are expressed specifically in this cell type or function to optimize cmv replication in this host cell have now been identified. among these is the murine cmv (mcmv) us22 gene family member m140, a nonessential early gene whose deletion (rvdelta140) leads to significant impairment in virus replication in differentiated macrophages. we have now determined that the defect in repli ... | 2009 | 19458005 |
| [a murine model with murine cytomegalovirus infection resulting in colon inflammation after allogenetic skin transplantation]. | to provide a reliable animal model for study of human cmv disease in gastrointestinal track, we tried to infect with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in mice that were received allogenetic skin transplantation under immunosuppression. (1) skin transplantation was performed between 18 donor c57bl/6 mice and 72 recipient balb/c mice. (2) all recipient mice were then given cyclosporine at 12 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks by intraperitoneal injection. mice were randomly divided into 3 groups. two experimenta ... | 2011 | 21462500 |
| lack of tnf-alpha promotes caspase-3-independent apoptosis during murine cytomegalovirus retinitis. | both caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis contribute to retinal damage during murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) retinitis, and tnf-a is among the inducers of apoptosis. the aim of this study was to determine the contribution of tnf-a by studying virus replication and apoptosis in immunosuppressed (is) tnf-a(-/-) mice. | 2011 | 21310911 |
| self mhc class i-licensed nk cells enhance adaptive cd8 t-cell viral immunity. | mhc class i (mhc i) is essential to nk- and t-cell effector and surveillance functions. however, it is unknown whether mhc i polymorphism influences adaptive immunity through nk cells. previously, we found that mhc i d(k), a cognate ligand for the ly49g2 inhibitory receptor, was essential to nk control of murine (m)cmv infection. here we assessed the significance of nk inhibitory receptor recognition of mcmv on cd8 t cells in genetically defined mhc i d(k) disparate mice. we observed that d(k)-l ... | 2011 | 21436069 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection of neural stem cells alters neurogenesis in the developing brain. | congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) brain infection causes serious neuro-developmental sequelae including: mental retardation, cerebral palsy, and sensorineural hearing loss. but, the mechanisms of injury and pathogenesis to the fetal brain are not completely understood. the present study addresses potential pathogenic mechanisms by which this virus injures the cns using a neonatal mouse model that mirrors congenital brain infection. this investigation focused on, analysis of cell types infected wi ... | 2011 | 21249143 |
| [construction and expression of the eukaryotic expression vector carrying hsv-1 gc glycoprotein gene.] | aim: to stably express herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) glycoprotein c (gc) in chinese hamster ovary cells (cho-k1). methods: the eukaryotic expression vector pci-mcmv-gc-1-ires-dhfr-l22r was constructed and transfected into cho-k1 cells by lipofectamine(tm); 2000. the transfected cells were selected by g418 and methotrexate (mtx). the expression of hsv-1 gc was analyzed by slot blot. hsv-1 gc proteins were purified with his-ni sepharose and then detected by western blot. results: the eukaryo ... | 2011 | 21557903 |
| kinetics of ocular and systemic antigen-specific t-cell responses elicited during murine cytomegalovirus retinitis. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) reactivation in the retina of immunocompromized patients is a cause of significant morbidity as it can lead to blindness. the adaptive immune response is critical in controlling murine cmv (mcmv) infection in mcmv-susceptible mouse strains. cd8(+) t cells limit systemic viral replication in the acute phase of infection and are essential to contain latent virus. in this study, we provide the first evaluation of the kinetics of anti-viral t-cell responses after subretinal inf ... | 2011 | 21577228 |
| t cell responses in experimental viral retinitis: mechanisms, peculiarities and implications for gene therapy with viral vectors. | t lymphocytes play a decisive role in the course and clinical outcome of viral retinal infection. this review focuses on aspects of the adaptive cellular immune response against viral pathogens in the retina. two distinct models to study adaptive cell mediated immune responses in viral retinitis are presented: (i) experimental retinitis induced by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), where the immune system prevents necrotizing damage to the retina and (ii) retinitis induced by the non-cytopathic lymp ... | 2011 | 21550416 |
| molecular basis of persistence and latency | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)
is an ubiquitous β-herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong infection within the
host. although hcmv is generally asymptomatic within the normal individual, the
virus causes severe and incapacitating disease in immune compromised patients (pass,
2001). a critical component for
hcmv persistence in the non-immune compromised host is the ability of the virus to
establish cellular sites of latency as well as persistent infection. during latency,
... | 2007 | 21348100 |
| the role of cell types in cytomegalovirus infection in vivo. | human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) is the major viral cause of morbidity in immune compromised patients and of pre- and perinatal pathology in newborns. the clinical manifestations are highly variable and the principles which govern these differences cannot be understood without detailed knowledge on tissue specific aspects of hcmv infection. for decades the role of individual cell types during cytomegalovirus infection and disease has been discussed. the pathogenesis of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) m ... | 2011 | 21492952 |
| long-term impact of intrauterine mcmv infection on development of offspring nervous system. | this study examined the impacts of intrauterine murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection on the long-term learning and memory of offspring. sexually matured male and female balb/c mice without mcmv infection were identified by elisa and then mated. seventy pregnant mice were randomly divided into the virus group (n=40) and the control group (n=30), in which the pregnant mice were subjected to placenta inoculation of mcmv suspension (1 μl, 1×106 pfu) or the same amount of cell culture medium, re ... | 2011 | 21671180 |
| virus-induced differential expression of nuclear receptors and coregulators in dendritic cells: implication to interferon production. | we investigated mrna expression of 49 nuclear hormone receptors (nrs) and 35 transcriptional coregulators in mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (dcs) upon infection with newcastle disease virus (ndv) or murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). these viruses regulated mrna expression of some nrs among which nor1 and lxrα were highly induced at mrna and protein levels. exogenous expression of the latter nrs repressed irf3- or irf7-induced transactivation of the interferon β promoter and ndv infection ... | 2011 | 21492741 |
| [fluvastatin's effect on atherogenesis in apolipoprotein-e knockout mice infected by cytomegalovirus]. | the goal of this study was to investigate whether murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is able to exacerbate the atherosclerotic process in apolipoprotein e knockout (apoe -/-) mice, and the effect of fluvastatin on the atherogenesis. | 2010 | 21604568 |
| adenovirus-mediated hypoxia-targeted gene therapy using hsv thymidine kinase and bacterial nitroreductase prodrug-activating genes in vitro and in vivo. | hypoxia is an important factor in tumor growth. it is associated with resistance to conventional anticancer treatments. gene therapy targeting hypoxic tumor cells therefore has the potential to enhance the efficacy of treatment of solid tumors. transfection of a panel of tumor cell lines with plasmid constructs containing hypoxia-responsive promoter elements from the genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and erythropoietin, linked to the minimal cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or minimal inter ... | 2011 | 21836632 |
| identification of dna-damage dna-binding protein 1 as a conditional essential factor for cytomegalovirus replication in interferon-+¦-stimulated cells. | the mouse cytomegaloviral (mcmv) protein pm27 represents an indispensable factor for viral fitness in vivo selectively, antagonizing signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 (stat2)-mediated interferon signal transduction. we wished to explore by which molecular mechanism pm27 accomplishes this effect. we demonstrate that pm27 is essential and sufficient to curtail the protein half-life of stat2 molecules. pharmacologic inhibition of the proteasome restored stat2 amounts, leading to po ... | 2011 | 21698215 |
| t cell help permits memory cd8(+) t cell inflation during cytomegalovirus latency. | cd4(+) t cells are implied to sustain cd8(+) t cell responses during persistent infections. as cd4(+) t cells are often themselves antiviral effectors, they might shape cd8(+) t cell responses via help or via controlling antigen load. we used persistent mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection to dissect the impact of cd4(+) t cells on virus-specific cd8(+) t cells, distinguishing between increased viral load in absence of cd4(+) t cells and cd4(+) t cell-mediated helper mechanisms. absence of t h ... | 2011 | 21590767 |
| m94 is essential for the secondary envelopment of murine cytomegalovirus. | the gene m94 of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) as well as its homologues ul16 in alphaherpesviruses is involved in viral morphogenesis. for a better understanding of its role in the viral life cycle, a library of random m94 mutants was generated by modified transposon-based linker scanning mutagenesis. a comprehensive set of m94 mutants was reinserted into the mcmv genome and tested for their capacity to complement the m94 null mutant. thereby, 34 loss-of-function mutants of m94 were identified, ... | 2011 | 21715482 |
| Natural killer cells act as rheostats modulating antiviral T cells. | Antiviral T cells are thought to regulate whether hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections result in viral control, asymptomatic persistence or severe disease, although the reasons for these different outcomes remain unclear. Recent genetic evidence, however, has indicated a correlation between certain natural killer (NK)-cell receptors and progression of both HIV and HCV infection, implying that NK cells have a role in these T-cell-associated diseases. Although ... | 2011 | 22101430 |
| absence of vasoactive intestinal peptide expression in hematopoietic cells enhances th1 polarization and antiviral immunity in mice. | vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) induces regulatory dendritic cells (dc) in vitro that inhibit cellular immune responses. we tested the role of physiological levels of vip on immune responses to murine cmv (mcmv) using vip-knockout (vip-ko) mice and radiation chimeras engrafted with syngenic vip-ko hematopoietic cells. vip-ko mice had less weight loss and better survival following mcmv infection compared with wild-type (wt) littermates. mcmv-infected vip-ko mice had lower viral loads, faster ... | 2011 | 21677142 |
| shedding light on the elusive role of endothelial cells in cytomegalovirus dissemination. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is frequently transmitted by solid organ transplantation and is associated with graft failure. by forming the boundary between circulation and organ parenchyma, endothelial cells (ec) are suited for bidirectional virus spread from and to the transplant. we applied cre/loxp-mediated green-fluorescence-tagging of ec-derived murine cmv (mcmv) to quantify the role of infected ec in transplantation-associated cmv dissemination in the mouse model. both ec- and non-ec-derived viru ... | 2011 | 22114552 |
| the nk-cell response to mouse cytomegalovirus infection affects the level and kinetics of the early cd8+ t-cell response. | natural killer (nk) cells and cd8(+) t cells play a prominent role in the clearance of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. the role of nk cells in modulating the cd8(+) t-cell response to mcmv infection is still subject of intensive research. for analyzing the impact of nk cells on mounting of a cd8(+) t-cell response and the contribution of these cells to virus control during the first days post-infection (p.i.), we used c57bl/6 mice in which nk cells are specifically activated through the ... | 2011 | 22156533 |
| A replicating cytomegalovirus-based vaccine encoding a single Ebola virus nucleoprotein CTL epitope confers protection against Ebola virus. | Human outbreaks of Ebola virus (EBOV) are a serious human health concern in Central Africa. Great apes (gorillas/chimpanzees) are an important source of EBOV transmission to humans due to increased hunting of wildlife including the 'bush-meat' trade. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an highly immunogenic virus that has shown recent utility as a vaccine platform. CMV-based vaccines also have the unique potential to re-infect and disseminate through target populations regardless of prior CMV immunity, whi ... | 2011 | 21858240 |
| Increased susceptibility to DNA virus infection in mice with a GCN2 mutation. | Downregulation of translation through eIF2a phosphorylation is a cellular response to diverse stresses, including viral infection, and is mediated by the kinases GCN2, PKR, PERK, and HRI. Although PKR plays a major role in defense against viruses, other eIF2a kinases may also respond to viral infection and contribute to shutdown of protein synthesis. Here we describe the recessive, loss of function mutation atchoum (atc) in Eif2ak4, encoding GCN2, which increased susceptibility to infection by t ... | 2011 | 22114338 |
| murine cytomegalovirus encodes a mir-27 inhibitor disguised as a target. | individual micrornas (mirnas) are rapidly down-regulated during conditions of cellular activation and infection, but factors mediating mirna turnover are poorly understood. infection of mouse cells with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) induces the rapid down-regulation of an antiviral cellular mirna, mir-27. here, we identify a transcript produced by mcmv that binds to mir-27 and mediates its degradation. uv-crosslinking and high-throughput sequencing [crac (uv-crosslinking and analysis of cdna)] i ... | 2011 | 22184245 |
| All is fair in virus-host interactions: NK cells and cytomegalovirus. | The infection of mice with mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) as a model of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been particularly informative in elucidating the role of innate and adaptive immune response mechanisms during infection. Millions of years of co-evolution between cytomegaloviruses (CMV) and their hosts has resulted in numerous attempts to overwhelm each other. CMVs devote many genes to modulating the host natural killer (NK) cell response and NK cells employ many strategies to cope ... | 2011 | 21852192 |
| sustained cd8+ t cell memory inflation after infection with a single-cycle cytomegalovirus. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a β-herpesvirus that establishes a lifelong latent or persistent infection. a hallmark of chronic cmv infection is the lifelong persistence of large numbers of virus-specific cd8+ effector/effector memory t cells, a phenomenon called "memory inflation". how the virus continuously stimulates these t cells without being eradicated remains an enigma. the prevailing view is that cmv establishes a low grade "smoldering" infection characterized by tiny bursts of productive inf ... | 2011 | 21998590 |
| virus progeny of mcmv bacterial artificial chromosome psm3fr shows reduced growth in salivary glands due to a fixed mutation of mck-2. | mcmv (murine cytomegalovirus) smith strain has been cloned as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) named psm3fr and has since then been used for analysis of virus gene functions in vitro and in vivo. when sequencing the complete bac genome, we identified a frameshift mutation within the orf encoding mcmv chemokine homolog mck-2. this mutation would result in a truncated mck-2 protein. when mice were infected with psm3fr-derived virus, we observed a reduced virus production in salivary glands ... | 2011 | 21813614 |
| non-hematopoietic cells in lymph nodes drive memory cd8 t cell inflation during murine cytomegalovirus infection. | during human and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection an exceptionally large virus-specific cd8 t cell pool is maintained in the periphery lifelong. this anomalous response is only seen for specific subsets of mcmv-specific cd8 t cells which are referred to as 'inflationary t cells'. how memory cd8 t cell inflation is induced and maintained is unclear, though their activated phenotype strongly suggests an involvement of persistent antigen encounter during mcmv latency. to dissect the cellular ... | 2011 | 22046127 |
| The effect of murine cytomegalovirus IE-3 specific shRNA is dependent on intragenic target site due to multiple transcription initiation sites. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 21923934 |
| a mouse model of cmv transmission following kidney transplantation. | reactivation of latent cmv in transplant recipients remains a significant infectious complication of transplantation. investigation of the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which reactivation occurs has been hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models. here, we show that transplantation of kidneys latently infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) into nod.cg-prkdc(scid) il2rg(tm1wjl) /szj mice results in reactivation of latent virus in the kidney, resulting in a disseminated primary ... | 2012 | 22226173 |
| maize elongin c interacts with the viral genome-linked protein, vpg, of sugarcane mosaic virus and facilitates virus infection. | the viral genome-linked protein, vpg, of potyviruses is involved in viral genome replication and translation. to determine host proteins that interact with sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) vpg, a yeast two-hybrid screen was used and a maize (zea mays) elongin c (zmelc) protein was identified. zmelc transcript was observed in all maize organs, but most highly in leaves and pistil extracts, and zmelc was present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of maize cells in the presence or absence of scmv. zmelc exp ... | 2014 | 24954157 |
| further characterization of maize chlorotic mottle virus and its synergistic interaction with sugarcane mosaic virus in maize. | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) was first reported in maize in china in 2009. in this study we further analyzed the epidemiology of mcmv and corn lethal necrosis disease (clnd) in china. we determined that clnd observed in china was caused by co-infection of mcmv and sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv). phylogenetic analysis using four full-length mcmv cdna sequences obtained in this study and the available mcmv sequences retrieved from genbank indicated that chinese mcmv isolates were derived fro ... | 2017 | 28059116 |
| one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification for the detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus in maize. | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) is spreading in many regions worldwide, causing maize lethal necrosis when co-infected with a potyvirid. in this study, one-step reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay was developed to detect mcmv in maize. a set of four specific primers was designed based on the conserved coat protein gene sequences of mcmv. the rt-lamp could be completed within 60min under isothermal condition at 63°c. the sensitivity test showed that th ... | 2017 | 27899288 |
| analysis of gene functions in maize chlorotic mottle virus. | gene functions of strains of maize chlorotic mottle virus, which comprises the monotypic genus machlomovirus, have not been previously identified. in this study mutagenesis of the seven genes encoded in maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) showed that the genes with positional and sequence similarity to their homologs in viruses of related tombusvirid genera had similar functions. p50 and its readthrough protein p111 are the only proteins required for replication in maize protoplasts, and they fu ... | 2016 | 27242072 |
| synergistic infection of two viruses mcmv and scmv increases the accumulations of both mcmv and mcmv-derived sirnas in maize. | the co-infection of maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) and sugarcane mosaic virus (scmv) can cause maize lethal necrosis. however, the mechanism underlying the synergistic interaction between these two viruses remains elusive. in this study, we found that the co-infection of mcmv and scmv increased the accumulation of mcmv. moreover, the profiles of virus-derived sirnas (vsirnas) from mcmv and scmv in single- and co-infected maize plants were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. our data sho ... | 2016 | 26864602 |
| insight into the three-dimensional structure of maize chlorotic mottle virus revealed by cryo-em single particle analysis. | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) is the only member of the machlomovirus genus in the family tombusviridae. here, we obtained the cryo-em structure of mcmv by single particle analysis with most local resolution at approximately 4 å. the cα backbone was built based on residues with bulky side chains. the resolved c-terminus of the capsid protein subunit and obvious openings at the 2-fold axis demonstrated the compactness of the asymmetric unit, which indicates an important role in the stabilit ... | 2015 | 26275511 |
| genome-wide association and genomic prediction of resistance to maize lethal necrosis disease in tropical maize germplasm. | genome-wide association analysis in tropical and subtropical maize germplasm revealed that mlnd resistance is influenced by multiple genomic regions with small to medium effects. the maize lethal necrosis disease (mlnd) caused by synergistic interaction of maize chlorotic mottle virus and sugarcane mosaic virus, and has emerged as a serious threat to maize production in eastern africa since 2011. our objective was to gain insights into the genetic architecture underlying the resistance to mlnd b ... | 2015 | 26152570 |
| maize lethal necrosis (mln), an emerging threat to maize-based food security in sub-saharan africa. | in sub-saharan africa, maize is a staple food and key determinant of food security for smallholder farming communities. pest and disease outbreaks are key constraints to maize productivity. in september 2011, a serious disease outbreak, later diagnosed as maize lethal necrosis (mln), was reported on maize in kenya. the disease has since been confirmed in rwanda and the democratic republic of congo, and similar symptoms have been reported in tanzania, uganda, south sudan, and ethiopia. in 2012, y ... | 2015 | 25822185 |
| monoclonal antibody-based serological methods for maize chlorotic mottle virus detection in china. | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) infects maize plants and causes significant losses in corn production worldwide. in this study, purified mcmv particles were used as the immunogen to produce monoclonal antibodies (mabs) and polyclonal antibodies (pabs). four murine mabs (4b8, 8c11, 6f4, and 9g1) against mcmv were obtained through the hybridoma technology. the triple antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tas-elisa), dot-immunobinding assay (diba), and immunocapture reverse trans ... | 2013 | 23825140 |
| rapid and sensitive detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus using surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor. | we report a biosensor based on surface plasmon resonance (spr) for the selective detection of maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv). 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid was applied on a gold surface to form a self-assembled monolayer, and a layer of anti-mcmv antibody was crosslinked on the surface for specific recognition of mcmv. the effects of coupling reaction time and antibody concentration on detection sensitivity were studied. the coverage mass change is a function of the concentration of mcmv with ... | 2013 | 23660014 |
| dissecting the mode of maize chlorotic mottle virus transmission (tombusviridae: machlomovirus) by frankliniella williamsi (thysanoptera: thripidae). | maize chlorotic mottle virus (mcmv) (tombusviridae: machlomovirus) has been recorded in hawaii (kauai island) since the early 1990s and has since become one of the most widespread corn viruses in the hawaiian islands. in the united states mainland, mcmv has been reported to be transmitted by six different species of chrysomelid beetles, including the western corn rootworm, diabrotica virgifera virgifera leconte. however, none of these beetle species have been reported in hawaii where the corn th ... | 2013 | 23448010 |
| [infection of the mononuclear cell subpopulations in murine bone marrow with murine cytomegalovirus]. | this study was aimed to explore the infection characteristics of murine mononuclear cell subpopulations in bone marrow with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). subpopulations of mononuclear cells, including lin(+), lin(-), lin(-)cd117(+) and lin(-)cd117(-) cells, were infected with mcmv after being separated by macs, and induced to differentiation by adding cytokines or inducer, then nucleic acid and proteins were detected. the results indicated that the mcmv dna, ie transcrip and ie protein could be ... | 2011 | 22040975 |
| Natural Killer Cells Regulate Murine CMV-Induced Sialadenitis and Salivary Gland Disease. | Transmission of herpesviruses depends on viral shedding at mucosal surfaces. The salivary gland represents a major site of persistent viral replication for many viruses, including cytomegalovirus. We established a mouse model of salivary gland dysfunction after acute viral infection and investigated the cellular requirements for loss of secretion. MCMV infection severely impaired saliva secretion independently of salivary gland virus levels. Lymphocytes or circulating monocytes/macrophages were ... | 2011 | 22156514 |
| sex differences in murine susceptibility to systemic viral infections. | increased susceptibility to autoimmunity in females is often viewed as the consequence of enhanced immunoreactivity providing superior protection against infections. we paradoxically observed greater mortality in female compared to male mice during systemic viral infections with three large double-stranded dna viruses (herpes simplex virus type i [hsv], murine cytomegalovirus [mcmv], and vaccinia virus [vv]). indeed, female mice were 27-fold more susceptible to infection with hsv than male mice. ... | 2011 | 22209097 |