| activation of an endogenous mouse type c virus by uv-irradiated murine cytomegalovirus. | infection of kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed non-producer balb-3t3 mouse cells with uv-irradiated mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resulted in activation of a xenotropic type c virus detected by infectious center formation in permissive rat or mink cells. the levels of type c virus activated by mcmv were related to the uv dose applied. under optimal conditions the frequencies of activation varied from 3.0 to 8.0 x 10(-4). the capacity of mcmv to activate type c virus was abolished by heat inactiva ... | 1982 | 6282767 |
| effects of antiviral agents on murine cytomegalovirus-induced macrophage dysfunction. | infection of murine peritoneal macrophages with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) led to disruption of phagocytosis. this alteration of cellular behavior appeared to be an early event in viral replication appearing 24 to 36 h before virus production and 84 to 108 h before cell death. the effects of a variety of antiviral agents on both mcmv replication and mcmv-induced depression of phagocytosis were evaluated in vitro. although all compounds thought to act by preventing viral dna replication inhibi ... | 1982 | 6284645 |
| acyclovir in mouse cytomegalovirus infections. | a virus-specified thymidine kinase appears to be a general requirement for herpes virus susceptibility to the antiviral effect of acyclovir. surprisingly, mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv), which does not encode for a thymidine kinase, is exquisitely sensitive to the drug both in vitro and in vivo. the drug is active against the virus in the absence of a cellular thymidine kinase and the antiviral activity is not diminished in the presence of excess thymidine or a variety of nucleosides and deoxynucl ... | 1982 | 6285701 |
| effect of acyclovir treatment on acute and chronic murine cytomegalovirus infection. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is inhibited in vitro by 1 to 2 microm acyclovir. therapy of a systemic mcmv infection in weanling mice with acyclovir was only minimally effective when drug was administered intraperitoneally, while oral administration by addition of acyclovir to the drinking water was highly efficacious in mice with disseminated mcmv. effective therapy was characterized by reduction of virus titers in lung, liver, spleen, and kidney. in mice chronically infected with mcmv, treatme ... | 1982 | 6285702 |
| the pathogenesis of pneumonitis due to murine cytomegalovirus. | virus replication and interstitial pneumonia were studied in balb/c mice inoculated intranasally with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). in normal mice mcmv replicated in lung tissue but did not produce any consistent histologic abnormalities through day 21. the addition of a single dose of cyclophosphamide (0.20 mg/g) 24 hr after virus inoculation resulted in a slight increase in lung virus titers on day 10. no histologic abnormalities were noted before day 10. however, 22 or 32 virus-infected mice ... | 1982 | 6286796 |
| long-term mouse cytomegalovirus infection of tracheal organ culture: relation to host cell replication. | tracheal organ cultures infected with mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were shown to produce virus for up to 180 days with virus replication primarily in epithelial cells. persistent virus infections were established in tracheal organ cultures from both mcmv-susceptible and mcmv-resistant strains of mice. in acutely infected tracheal organ cultures, cellular dna synthesis appeared to precede the production of significant amounts of virus antigens and the release of virus into culture fluids. since p ... | 1982 | 6286851 |
| the effect of the beige mutation on infection with murine cytomegalovirus: histopathologic studies. | the tissue damage induced by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in mice with the beige mutation (bg/bg) and in their normal littermates (bg/ +) was investigated. the beige mutation in mice is a homolog of the chédiak-higashi syndrome in man, and various dysfunctions of phagocytes and decreased activity of natural killer cells have been demonstrated in these animals. tissue damage, especially in the liver and spleen, was more conspicuous in bg/bg than in bg/ + mice and was associated with frequent int ... | 1982 | 6287845 |
| spontaneous activation of latent cytomegalovirus from murine spleen explants. role of lymphocytes and macrophages in release and replication of virus. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) is a major pathogen in the compromised host where many infections result from activation of latent virus. because latent cmv infection has been difficult to study in humans, murine models have been developed and investigated. here, we describe the events involved in activation of latent murine cmv (mcmv) from spleen explants in vitro. infectious virus was no longer detectable in murine organs 4 mo after inoculation of 10(5) plaque-forming units of mcmv. 8-10 d after establi ... | 1982 | 6288769 |
| variation in murine cytomegalovirus replication in fibroblasts from different mouse strains in vitro: correlation with in vivo resistance. | the in vitro growth of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef) from balb/c, c57bl, c3h and cba mouse strains has been shown to correlate with the genetically determined in vivo susceptibility of these strains to mcmv infection. mef from balb/c and c57bl mice were more susceptible to mcmv than those from c3h and cba mice. this was evident regardless of whether replication was measured by cytopathic effect (c.p.e.) score, virus yield, plaque count, plaque size or time of on ... | 1982 | 6290595 |
| involvement of natural killer cells in the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis and the immune response to infection. | the significance of the natural killer (nk) cell response to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection was evaluated in c3h/hen mice. this strain was selected for study after preliminary demonstration that the nk cell response, occurring between 3 and 6 days post-infection was relatively high in comparison to other mouse strains studied. a dose-response effect of hydrocortisone treatment on suppression of this response was found. a dose of hydrocortisone, given subcutaneously on two successive day ... | 1982 | 6292342 |
| isolation of a cytomegalovirus-like agent from wild rats. | in 8 of 10 wild rats trapped in the netherlands, an infectious viruslike agent was isolated predominantly from the salivary glands and could be serially passed in laboratory rats. in rat embryo cells a typical cytomegalo-like cytopathic effect was produced. the morphologic and cultural characteristics of the isolated agent were comparable with those of the mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the virus-nucleocapsid had a size of 92 nm and was not ether-resistant. the extracellular nucleocapsids were of ... | 1982 | 6293414 |
| ultraviolet irradiation of murine cytomegalovirus. | ultraviolet irradiation of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) caused a rapid dose-related decline in virus infectivity, manifested by virus antigen induction, and in virus production as measured by plaque formation and infectious centre assay. the virus survival curve was multi-component, suggesting host cell-assisted reactivation. multiplicity reactivation and photoreactivation of mcmv were not observed in these experiments. productive infection was more sensitive to u.v. irradiation than was virus ... | 1982 | 6294231 |
| effects of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide on acute murine cytomegalovirus infection and virus-augmented natural killer cell activity. | the effects of cyclophosphamide (cy) treatment on acute murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection were studied to explore the potential usefulness of mcmv as a means of detecting immune dysfunction and to identify host defense mechanisms important for protection against mcmv. conditions found optimal for enhancing mcmv infection with cy included infecting adult mice with 2 x 10(5) pfu or more of virus and administering 80 mg or more of cy per kg 1 to 3 days later. in addition to enhanced mortality ... | 1982 | 6295940 |
| murine peritoneal macrophages support murine cytomegalovirus replication. | because there have been different conclusions regarding the susceptibility of murine macrophages to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection and replication, we have undertaken a detailed comparison of mcmv infection of macrophages with that of a permissive cell line, mouse embryo cells. although both cell lines undergo productive infections with mcmv, there are marked differences in certain aspects of the viral replication which may account for some of the different conclusions regarding the mcm ... | 1983 | 6309668 |
| natural killer cell depletion enhances virus synthesis and virus-induced hepatitis in vivo. | the role of natural killer (nk) cells in the natural resistance of mice to infections by several viruses was examined. mice were specifically depleted of nk cells by i.v. injection of rabbit antiserum to asialo gm1, a neutral glycosphingolipid present at high concentrations on the surface of nk cells. control mice were left untreated or were injected with normal rabbit serum. four to 6 hr later, these mice were infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), ... | 1983 | 6309965 |
| pathogenicity and immunogenicity of temperature-sensitive mutants of murine cytomegalovirus. | two temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants (ts 21 and ts 24), which could complement each other, were isolated from cell culture-passaged murine cytomegalovirus (cc-mcmv). characterization in vivo revealed that ts 21 lacked pathogenicity for suckling mice, neurovirulence for weanling mice and productive chronic infection in the salivary gland, whereas ts 24 was positive only for the first two parameters; both mutants retained immunogenicity comparable to that of the wild-type cc-mcmv. the immunogeni ... | 1983 | 6310038 |
| progressive cytomegalovirus glomerulonephritis - an experimental model. | although acute infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resulted in a transient focal glomerulonephritis characterized by mesangial inclusions, infection of ha/icr mice given antilymphocyte globulin (alg) led to progressive glomerulonephritis and renal failure. alg alone without virus failed to produce progressive renal disease. mice given both mcmv and alg developed severe proteinuria and azotemia with glomerular crescents by 30 days. by immunofluorescence, viral antigen was limited to mesa ... | 1983 | 6311018 |
| lethal infection with murine cytomegalovirus after early viral replication in the spleen. | in acute lethal murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection the spleen and liver are the principal sites of early viral replication. mcmv titers increase rapidly in the spleen and liver, exceeding 10(6) and 10(5) plaque-forming units (pfu)/g of tissue, respectively, within 96 hr of viral inoculation. experiments were performed to determine the impact of early splenic viral replication on disease pathogenesis. splenectomized mice survived acute infection in significantly greater numbers (25 of 34 vs ... | 1983 | 6311909 |
| molecular cloning and physical mapping of murine cytomegalovirus dna. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) smith strain dna is cleaved by restriction endonuclease hindiii into 16 fragments, ranging in size from 0.64 to 22.25 megadaltons. of the 16 hindiii fragments, 15 were cloned in plasmid pacyc177 in escherichia coli hb101 (reca). the recombinant plasmid clones were characterized by cleavage with the enzymes xbai and ecori. in addition, fragments generated by double digestion of cloned fragments with hindiii and xbai were inserted into the plasmid vector pacyc184. the ... | 1983 | 6312075 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-induced congenital defects and fetal maldevelopment. | the effects of congenital infection with cytomegalovirus on fetal development were studied by injection of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) into the endometrial lumina of mice in the early stages of pregnancy. the mice were later killed, and the sites of embryonic implantation were examined. litter size was reduced and the incidence of abnormal fetuses was significantly increased among mcmv-infected animals. morbid, moribund, severely growth-retarded, asynchronously developed, and malformed fetuses ... | 1983 | 6313819 |
| humoral antibody response to individual viral proteins after murine cytomegalovirus infection. | the purpose of this study was to identify viral proteins that played an important role in the humoral immune response to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). viral proteins were separated from a purified virus preparation on polyacrylamide gels, were blotted onto nitrocellulose strips, and were reacted with antisera collected from mice on various days post infection. no antibody response was detected in serum obtained 5 days post infection, but by 10 days there was a faint response to five different p ... | 1983 | 6315823 |
| antigen-specific suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity to murine cytomegalovirus in mcmv-infected mice. | when primary infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was by the intravenous route, the resulting delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) to mcmv was reduced compared with subcutaneous or intraperitoneal infection. intravenous injection of 10(3) or more p.f.u. of mcmv also reduced the dth response to virus injected at the same time subcutaneously. when spleen cells from mice injected intravenously with mcmv 1 to 3 weeks earlier were transferred to subcutaneously infected mice, the resulting dth ... | 1983 | 6315864 |
| the cytolytic t lymphocyte response to the murine cytomegalovirus. i. distinct maturation stages of cytolytic t lymphocytes constitute the cellular immune response during acute infection of mice with the murine cytomegalovirus. | limiting dilution (ld) analysis with two modifications, the expansion and the restimulation ld assay, led to the detection and quantification of two distinct in vivo maturation stages within the lineage of virus-specific self-restricted ctl after infection of mice with the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). a low frequency set, representing an average of 15% of the specifically activated ctl-p in a draining lymph node, generated virus-specific lytic activity in the absence of antigen, solely under e ... | 1984 | 6317749 |
| comparison of the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus in lung and liver following intraperitoneal or intratracheal infection. | this study compares the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infections following intraperitoneal (i.p.) and intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation. no deaths were seen in mice given 10(6) p.f.u. mcmv i.t., whereas 52% mortality occurred among animals given this dose i.p. this difference in mortality was not due to different effects on the lung, since virus titres in this organ on progressive days post-infection were similar for the two routes of inoculation and similar, minor histopathologic ... | 1984 | 6321639 |
| in-vivo effect of novobiocin on primary cytomegalovirus infection. | .5 mm of novobiocin completely suppresses the replication of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in vitro. based on the evidence that murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) titres were reduced in vitro by 60% with the same concentration of the drug, the in vivo antiviral activity of novobiocin has been tested in the murine model. the results showed that if treatment started before the infection virus was not isolated from parenchymal organs during treatment. virus could be isolated 24 h after stopping treatment ... | 1983 | 6323371 |
| in vitro mouse cytomegalovirus infection of mouse tracheal epithelial cells requires the presence of other cell types. | recently, methods have been developed to culture dissociated tracheal epithelial (te) cells. attempts were made to infect these epithelial cells with mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) to see if the dissociated epithelial cells share characteristics of infection with mcmv-infected tracheal organ cultures. when isolated te cells were incubated with mcmv at multiplicities between 0.10 and 2.0, no infection or minimal infection resulted. centrifugation of virus onto the te cell sheets also resulted in on ... | 1984 | 6323617 |
| the effect of cytomegalovirus infection on the host response to foreign and hapten-modified self histocompatibility antigens. | the effect of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection on the host's ability to respond to allogeneic or hapten-modified syngeneic histocompatibility antigens was characterized by an early suppressive phase followed by a phase of enhancement. suppression of the potential to respond to allogeneic h-2 antigens, as measured by an in vitro cell-mediated lympholysis assay, was seen on days 2-4 postinfection with mcmv, and was greatest at larger doses of virus and in mice with h-2 haplotypes associated ... | 1984 | 6328702 |
| genetic control of murine cytomegalovirus infection: virus titres in resistant and susceptible strains of mice. | the course of mcmv infection was studied in a number of inbred strains of mice which differ in their resistance to the development of fatal disease induced by mcmv. both h-2 and non-h-2 associated genes control this form of resistance and were found to influence the extent of virus replication during sublethal and severe infection. however, for a given strain the summated virus titre of the 5 organs studied was not always proportional to resistance strains. peak titres of virus were found in the ... | 1984 | 6331345 |
| mhc proteins and heparan sulphate proteoglycans regulate murine cytomegalovirus infection. | factors influencing mcmv infection mediated by mhc class 1 molecules were analysed further as previous studies showed that the effects of the mhc genotype on sensitivity to this virus are important in vivo. here we show that h-2d, h-2b, h-2r and h-2v macrophages are highly sensitive to mcmv. moreover, transfection of h-2k l-cells with kb or dd conferred sensitivity to mcmv. this was not affected by amino acid substitutions in kb alpha 1 or alpha 2, although previous studies demonstrated that exc ... | 1995 | 7493766 |
| prolonged infection of mouse brain neurons with murine cytomegalovirus after pre- and perinatal infection. | the susceptibility of mice at different developmental stages to a relatively low titer of cell culture-passaged murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection was compared in terms of the urinary excretion of mcmv examined by plaque assay and in terms of the distribution of viral infection, determined by immunohistochemistry, using antibodies specific to the early nuclear antigen of mcmv. viral infection on day 8.5 of gestation (e8.5) into the conceptus and intraperitoneal infection on day 15.5 of gest ... | 1995 | 7503674 |
| nk cell response to viral infections in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. | because class i mhc ags have been implicated as modulators of target cell sensitivity to nk cell-mediated lysis, the regulation of virus infections and the fate of nk cells and their natural targets was examined in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice, which have defective class i mhc expression. infections with either the nk cell-sensitive murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or the nk cell-resistant lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) significantly augmented nk cell activity in either c57bl/6 (+ ... | 1995 | 7529286 |
| intraocular viral replication after systemic murine cytomegalovirus infection requires immunosuppression. | human cytomegalovirus retinitis is the most common blinding complication of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. however, the pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood. the authors sought to characterize intraocular viral replication after systemic murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in the normal and immunosuppressed balb/c mouse. | 1995 | 7558728 |
| requirement for natural killer cell-produced interferon gamma in defense against murine cytomegalovirus infection and enhancement of this defense pathway by interleukin 12 administration. | the presence of natural killer (nk) cells contributes to early defense against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. although nk cells can mediate in vivo protection against mcmv, the mechanism by which they do so has not been defined. the studies presented here evaluate cytokine production by nk cells activated during mcmv infection and the role of nk cell-produced cytokines in early in vivo antiviral defenses. experiments with normal c57bl/6, t cell-deficient c57bl/6 nude, and severe combin ... | 1995 | 7561678 |
| antiviral activity of an immunomodulatory lipophilic desmuramyl dipeptide analog. | bch-527, the lipophilic hydrochloride salt of octadecyl d-alanyl l-glutamine, was evaluated for efficacy against experimentally induced murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), influenza a (h1n1) (iv-a), and punta toro virus (ptv) infections in mice. the compound was administered i.p. every other day for a total of 4 injections commencing 24 h previrus exposure. doses ranged from 12.5 to 200 mg/kg per injection in the various experiments. the mcmv infection was significantly inhibited in two experiments b ... | 1995 | 7605113 |
| mouse cytomegalovirus reactivation in severe combined immune deficient mice after implantation of latently infected salivary gland. | the hypothesis that replication-competent mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is detectable in severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice after implantation of latently infected tissue was examined. sections of latently infected salivary gland from 5 balb/c mice were implanted into 20 c.b-17 scid mice. recipient scid mice were sacrificed weekly for 5 weeks, and mcmv infection was detected in target organs using culture and dna polymerase chain reaction (pcr). all donors were negative by standard cultu ... | 1995 | 7622898 |
| interferon-alpha inhibits the murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene expression by down-regulating nf-kappa b activity. | transcription of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) immediate-early (ie) genes is regulated by the interaction of cellular transcription factors with a strong viral enhancer controlling promoters flanking both sides of the regulatory sequence. we have previously demonstrated that interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) inhibits mcmv replication by impairing the transcription of ie genes. to define the cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors involved in this inhibition, permissive murine fibroblasts were tr ... | 1995 | 7645218 |
| identification of the mouse cytomegalovirus genomic region affecting major histocompatibility complex class i molecule transport. | mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) functions expressed at the beginning of the early phase of the viral replication cycle interfere with the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i-restricted pathway of antigen presentation (m. j. reddehase, m. r. fibi, g. m. keil, and u. h. koszinowski, j. virol. 60:1125-1129, 1986; m. del val, k. münch, m. j. reddehase, and u. h. koszinowski, cell 58:305-315, 1989). nascent mhc class i heavy chains associate with beta 2-microglobulin and peptide, but the asse ... | 1995 | 7666513 |
| b-cell activation following murine cytomegalovirus infection: implications for autoimmunity. | infection of susceptible mice with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) induces persistent inflammation, and the production of autoantibodies reactive with large numbers of proteins from all major organs. however the roles of polyclonal b-cell activation, autoreactive t-helper cells and host-virus cross-reactions in these phenomena have not been evaluated. the present study reveals six- to 20-fold increases in serum immunoglobulin levels in mcmv-infected balb/c and cba mice, with igg3 and igg2b most af ... | 1993 | 7679660 |
| biological response modifier-mediated resistance to herpesvirus infections requires induction of alpha/beta interferon. | the role of interferon alpha/beta (ifn) induction by the immunomodulators piclc and cl246,738 was investigated in cd-1 mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). mice were treated with either normal sheep serum or anti-alpha/beta ifn antiserum, inoculated with the immunomodulators, and infected with virus. because anti-ifn treatment also decreased natural resistance to hsv-2 and mcmv, two viral challenge doses were used to ensure that the mice with c ... | 1993 | 7687839 |
| characterization of thymic involution induced by murine cytomegalovirus infection. | infection of balb/c mice with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) decreased the numbers of cells recovered from the thymus by 80-90% after 4-7 days, although less than 10 thymocytes per million were productively infected with the virus. a loss of cortical thymocytes was evident in histologic sections and correlated with depletion of cd4+ cd8+ cells. thymic involution was minimal in c57bl/6 mice. this resistance was not h-2b-associated, as balb.b (h-2b) mice were severely affected. in cxb recombinant i ... | 1993 | 7688711 |
| restoration of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) induced myelosuppression by as101. | infection with cytomegalovirus (cmv) continues to be one of the most common complications following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. the gravest danger for the host occurs when the virus is reactivated as a result of immunosuppression. in this report we studied the effects of sublethal murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection on the hemopoietic system including bone marrow (bm) cellularity, production of colony stimulating factor (csf) and interleukin-6 (il-6) and the development of granul ... | 1994 | 7721328 |
| peptides control the gain and loss of allele specificity by mutated mhc class i molecules. | to analyze the molecular basis of mhc class i allele-restricted peptide recognition, a set of eight ld/lq mutants was constructed and tested for peptide recognition by allele-restricted and peptide-specific ctl. the mhc molecules h-2ld and h-2lq differ at six amino acid positions (95, 97, 107, 116, 155, 157) located within the alpha 2 domain of the molecule. both molecules present the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) nucleoprotein-derived peptide rpqasgvym and the murine cytomegalovirus ... | 1995 | 7722309 |
| antiviral activities of nucleosides and nucleotides against wild-type and drug-resistant strains of murine cytomegalovirus. | resistance of human cytomegalovirus to approved antiviral drugs is becoming a problem of increasing concern. in order to further study drug resistance in a related virus, strains of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) have been prepared in vitro by extensive adaptation of the virus to increasingly higher concentrations of either ganciclovir, foscarnet, or (s)-9-(3-hydroxy-2-[phosphonylmethoxy]propyl)cytosine (hpmpc). plaque reduction 50% effective concentrations (ec50) for the above inhibitors increas ... | 1995 | 7741517 |
| developmental disorders of the mouse brain induced by murine cytomegalovirus: animal models for congenital cytomegalovirus infection. | developmental disorders induced by congenital cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection mainly involve the central nervous system. the type and degree of the brain disorders seems to depend on infection time during gestation, virulence, route of infection and viral susceptible cells in each embryonal stage. since transplacental transmission has been reported not to occur with murine cmv (mcmv), we developed mouse models for congenital cmv infection by surgical injection of mcmv into the mouse conceptus or ... | 1995 | 7742931 |
| effects of monoclonal antibody combined with ganciclovir or (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-(2-phosphonylmethoxy)-propyl]cytosine against murine cytomegalovirus infections in cell culture and in severe combined immunodeficient mice. | the effects of monoclonal antibody used in combination with ganciclovir (gcv) or (s)-1-[3-hydroxy-(2-phosphonylmethoxy)propyl]cytosine (hpmpc) against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were determined in vitro and in vivo, in mice. the antibody and drug were added to cell cultures 24 h after mcmv adsorption so as not to affect the initial infection rate. the antibody (at 1.25-20 micrograms/ml) combined with gcv (0.3-5 microm) or hpmpc (0.008-0.125 microm) caused synergistic inhibition of virus yield ... | 1995 | 7758358 |
| transgenic corn plants expressing mdmv strain b coat protein are resistant to mixed infections of maize dwarf mosaic virus and maize chlorotic mottle virus. | the maize dwarf mosaic virus strain b (mdmv-b) coat protein (cp) gene was cloned into a monocot expression cassette and introduced into sweet corn cell suspension cultures via particle bombardment or electroporation. transformed cells were selected on culture media containing 300 mg/l kanamycin, and plants were regenerated. cells from all transformed lines expressed the cp gene; and one transgenic line synthesized approximately 100-200 micrograms mdmv-cp per gram fresh weight. plants regenerated ... | 1993 | 7764246 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-associated arteritis. | unique inflammatory lesions affecting the ascending aorta and pulmonary artery of balb/c and c57bl/6 mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were identified in a pilot and two subsequent experiments to characterize the potential effect of mcmv infection on diet-induced atherosclerotic lesions. suckling balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were inoculated with mcmv and subsequently fed either a commercial mouse diet or a synthetic atherogenic diet from weaning. the three experiments varied with respe ... | 1995 | 7771052 |
| the t-cell-independent role of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha in macrophage activation during murine cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus infections. | we defined the normal and innate (without functional b or t cells) inflammatory response to infection with mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) or herpes simplex virus (hsv). intraperitoneal infection with mcmv or hsv induced an inflammatory infiltrate consisting largely of macrophages (m phi) in both normal cb17 and severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice (lacking functional b or t cells). m phi from infected mice were activated as shown by (i) spread morphology, (ii) increased expression of major ... | 1995 | 7815559 |
| the potential of murine cytomegalovirus as a viral vector for immunocontraception. | wild populations of house mice (mus domesticus) regularly undergo population eruptions in the cereal growing regions of s.e. australia, causing significant damage to crops. rodenticides are costly and are of limited usefulness, and the need for a biological control agent is widely recognized. the options for the use of an infectious agent to control mouse populations are considered. the three main types are: infectious agents which establish lethal infection; those which directly interfere with ... | 1994 | 7831489 |
| antiviral activity of nk 1.1+ natural killer cells in c57bl/6 scid mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus. | the activation, proliferation, and antiviral effects of natural killer (nk) cells were examined in a newly developed stock of mice, c57bl/6jsz mice homozygous for the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mutation. these mice lack functional t and b cells and express the nk 1.1 alloantigen. such nk 1.1 expression facilitates the analysis of nk cells and their depletion in vivo with a monoclonal anti-nk 1.1 antibody. these mice, therefore, provide an excellent model to examine unambiguously the ... | 1994 | 7833623 |
| latency, without persistence, of murine cytomegalovirus in the spleen and kidney. | it is not known if murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) establishes a state of molecular latency independent of low-level persistent infection. the presence of low levels of infectious mcmv distinguishes persistence from molecular latency. thus, the distinction between persistence and latency has depended on the sensitivity of plaque assays for detecting low levels of infectious virus in tissue of previously infected mice. to determine whether mcmv establishes molecular latency or remains persistent, w ... | 1995 | 7853515 |
| mice immunosuppressed by murine retrovirus infection (maids) are susceptible to cytomegalovirus retinitis. | although various methods of immunosuppression have been used to enhance susceptibility of mice to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) retinitis, none reproduce the unique complexity of immune deficiency experienced by patients during the progression of aids. c57bl/6 mice are susceptible to a retrovirus-induced murine acquired immune deficiency syndrome (maids), characterized by progressive immune dysfunction which shares many features with aids. we therefore evaluated the frequency and severity of mcm ... | 1994 | 7956311 |
| bone marrow atrophy induced by murine cytomegalovirus infection. | acute, sublethal infection of mice with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resulted in up to 80% decreases in the number of cells recoverable from the bone marrow, and a decrease in peripheral blood leucocyte counts during the first week of infection. depopulation of the leucopoietic areas of the marrow was evident from examination of histological sections. the severity of bone marrow atrophy in mcmv-infected mice of different strains correlated with previously described genetically determined sensit ... | 1994 | 7959876 |
| identification and expression of a murine cytomegalovirus early gene coding for an fc receptor. | several herpesviruses, including cytomegalovirus, induce receptors for the fc domain of murine immunoglobulin g (igg) molecules. viral genes coding for these receptors have been characterized only for alphaherpesviruses. in this report, we describe a new approach that led to the identification of an fc receptor (fcr) of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the fc fragment of igg precipitated glycoproteins (gp) of 86 to 88 and 105 kda from mcmv-infected cells. deglycosylation by endoglycosidase f resul ... | 1994 | 7966565 |
| cloning, characterization, and expression of the murine cytomegalovirus homologue of the human cytomegalovirus 28-kda matrix phosphoprotein (ul99). | we have identified, characterized, and expressed in bacteria and recombinant vaccinia viruses a protein which likely represents the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) homologue of the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) 28-kda matrix phosphoprotein, the product of the hcmv ul99 open reading frame (orf). this protein, referred to as the mcmv ul99, is encoded by a 336-nucleotide orf within the hindiii g fragment of mcmv strain smith (k181). using a dna probe that corresponded to the amino terminus of the orf, ... | 1994 | 7975245 |
| cytomegalovirus hepatitis: characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in resistant and susceptible mice. | mice susceptible and resistant to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were infected with this virus and livers were harvested after 2-231 days. cryostat sections were stained to visualize cells bearing cd4, cd8 or mac-1 antigens. mac-1+ cells were prevalent in inflammatory foci after 2 days. these cells persisted in susceptible balb/c and a/j mice, but disappeared from livers of resistant c57bl/6 and cba/cah mice by day 28. t cell inflammation peaked on days 7-11. this declined by day 56 in c57bl/6 an ... | 1994 | 7994901 |
| murine cytomegalovirus is present in both chronic active and latent states in persistently infected mice. | cytomegalovirus induces serious disease in immunosuppressed individuals, often from an "activated" persistent infection. whether the infection is chronically active or latent is unknown. using murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in mice as a model system, we examined persistent infections in spleen, lung, and bone marrow of infected animals. at 28 days after infection, no virus could be recovered from any organs tested except salivary glands, and here, virus was cleared by 48 days. virus could be retr ... | 1994 | 8009839 |
| association of ld-restricted peptides with the wild-derived mouse lw16 mhc class i molecule. | previous serological analysis of untreated splenocytes and l cell transfectants expressing the wild-derived mouse major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecule, lw16, demonstrated the presence of two forms of this molecule in the cell lysates, one reactive with both the alpha 2 domain-reactive monoclonal antibody (mab) 30-5-7 and the alpha 3 domain-reactive mab 28-14-8 (30-5-7+ 28-14-8+), and the other reactive with only the latter of the two (30-5-7- 28-14-8+). furthermore, the analys ... | 1994 | 8065377 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-associated pneumonitis in the lungs free of the virus. | at 4 wk after intraperitoneal inoculation of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in adult balb/c mice, mcmv remained detectable only in the salivary glands. when t cells of these mice were activated by a single injection of anti-cd3 epsilon monoclonal antibody, mice died of interstitial pneumonitis at 24-48 h after injection, accompanied by elevation of serum levels of tnf-alpha and ifn-gamma. however, mcmv remained undetectable in the lungs during the period. simultaneous injection of cyclosporin a r ... | 1994 | 8083343 |
| biphasic viremia and viral gene expression in leukocytes during acute cytomegalovirus infection of mice. | circulating leukocytes are important in dissemination of cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in humans. in the mouse model of murine cmv infection (mcmv), it has been shown that infection peaks on days 5 to 7 after experimental infection, when 0.01 to 0.1% of the circulating leukocytes contain viral dna. in our laboratory, mcmv dna was detected by in situ hybridization predominantly in the mononuclear cells on day 6 after acute infection. infectious virus was recovered from day 6 mononuclear fractio ... | 1994 | 8083970 |
| requirement of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 env gene sequence for tar-independent trans activation by tat from the major immediate-early promoter of murine cytomegalovirus. | previously it has been demonstrated that the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) tat protein mediates induction of the hiv-1 env expression through a tar-independent manner in heterologous and homologous promoter systems (kim and risser, 1993, j. virol. 67, 239; kim and panganiban, 1993, j. virol. 67, 3739). to further explore the transactivation of hiv-1 env gene, i examined expression of the env, the bacterial cat, and the firefly luciferase genes from a heterologous promoter, the majo ... | 1994 | 8093034 |
| participation of endogenous tumour necrosis factor alpha in host resistance to cytomegalovirus infection. | interferon gamma (ifn gamma) represents an essential cytokine involved in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) clearance from the salivary gland and the control of horizontal transmission. because ifn gamma cannot be responsible for all cytokine effects during recovery from mcmv infection we have now tested the potential participation of tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) in the antiviral defence. neutralization of endogenous tnf alpha abolished the antiviral activity of cd4 t cells in immunocomp ... | 1993 | 8105025 |
| down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class i synthesis by murine cytomegalovirus early gene expression. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of c57bl/6 (h-2b) mice prevents priming of antigen-specific helper and cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) (j. s. slater, w. s. futch, v. j. cavanaugh, and a. e. campbell, virology 185:132-139, 1991). in vitro, mcmv infection alters presentation of antigens to antigen-specific, mhc class i-restricted ctl (a. e. campbell, j. s. slater, v. j. cavanaugh, and r. m. stenberg, j. virol. 66:3011-3017, 1992). this is accompanied by a significant decrease in surface expr ... | 1994 | 8107242 |
| late phase inhibition of murine cytomegalovirus replication by synergistic action of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor. | we have shown previously that the antiviral function of cd4+ t lymphocytes against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is associated with the release of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma). we now demonstrate that ifn-gamma and tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) display synergism in their antiviral activity. as little as 2 ng/ml of ifn-gamma and tnf-alpha reduced the virus yield by about three orders of magnitude. there was no effect on immediate early (ie) and early (e) gene expression as far as the c ... | 1994 | 8113718 |
| inhibition by iota-carrageenan of the spread of murine cytomegalovirus from the peritoneal cavity to the blood plasma. | the mechanism of iota-carrageenan (i-car)-induced protection against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of mice was analysed. the virus titres in the target organs on the fourth day correlated with that in the plasma at 1 h after intraperitoneal inoculation of mcmv, irrespective of i-car treatment. pretreatment of mice with i-car induced infiltration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity and inhibition of viral spread from the peritoneal cavity to the plasma. although ... | 1994 | 8113719 |
| expression of the murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein h by recombinant vaccinia virus. | the sequence of the gene encoding glycoprotein h (gh) of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) strain smith was determined and compared with the sequence of the gh of mcmv strain k181. transcriptional analysis showed that gh is encoded by a large mrna of 5.0 kb, which is synthesized late in infection. a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the mcmv gh open reading frame was constructed (vac-gh). anti-mcmv serum precipitated a protein of 87k from vac-gh-infected cells. reactivity with a monoclonal antib ... | 1994 | 8113726 |
| dissemination and replication of mcmv after supraciliary inoculation in immunosuppressed balb/c mice. | to study replication and dissemination of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in immunosuppressed (is) and non-is balb/c mice after ocular inoculation via the supraciliary route. | 1994 | 8125723 |
| the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in acute murine cytomegalovirus infection in balb/c mice. | the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf alpha) in acute lethal and sublethal murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in balb/c mice was examined. during the course of acute infection, tnf alpha was not detectable in the serum or bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids, while tnf alpha was uniformly detected in both serum and bal following intravenous administration of lipopolysaccharide (lps). administration of recombinant murine (rmu) tnf alpha did not consistently alter the virus content of t ... | 1994 | 8169397 |
| cytomegalovirus replication in murine microglial cell cultures: suppression of permissive infection by interferon-gamma. | the pathogenesis of encephalitis due to cytomegalovirus (cmv), particularly the role of microglial cells in the spread or control of infection, remains incompletely defined. in this study, microglial cells were isolated from the brains of newborn mice and infected in vitro with murine cmv (mcmv). microglial cells supported productive mcmv replication, and the mcmv-infected microglia manifested a cytopathic effect (cpe) characteristic of cmv infection. exposure of microglia to interferon-gamma (i ... | 1994 | 8169398 |
| sequence analysis and expression of the murine cytomegalovirus phosphoprotein pp50, a homolog of the human cytomegalovirus ul44 gene product. | the coding sequence for the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) nonstructural phosphoprotein pp50 has previously been mapped to the ecori-l fragment of the viral genome. nucleotide sequencing of both genomic dna and cdna clones revealed an open reading frame of 411 amino acids that is homologous to both the human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) ul44 (icp36) and the human herpesvirus type 6 (hhv-6) p41 open reading frames. four of the five conserved cysteine residues are located within the highly conserved n-te ... | 1994 | 8178431 |
| priming of immature thymocytes to cd3-mediated apoptosis by infection with murine cytomegalovirus. | cytomegalovirus (cmv) causes severe clinical manifestations in immunocompromised hosts; however, it remains unclear whether the virus itself is a cause of immunosuppression or whether it is involved as an opportunistic bystander pathogen. this study was performed to elucidate the effect of cmv infection on the host's immune system. the double-positive thymocytes of balb/c mice inoculated with a sublethal dose of murine cmv (mcmv) were extensively depleted by a 10-micrograms amount of anti-cd3 mo ... | 1994 | 8207807 |
| interferons inhibit onset of murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene transcription. | treatment of nih 3t3 fibroblasts with interferon-alpha or interferon-gamma (ifn-alpha or ifn-gamma) significantly reduced murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) replication. determination of viral dna in the nuclei of the infected cells before onset of dna replication demonstrated that virus uptake, transport to the nucleus, and dna stability were not decreased. analysis of the virus specified mrnas soon after infection revealed that in the cells exposed to ifns expression of the immediate early (ie) gen ... | 1993 | 8212566 |
| effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment on mortality in murine cytomegalovirus-infected mice. | the effects of treatment with recombinant dna-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in a murine model of cytomegalovirus infection were investigated. treatment of 3-week-old swiss webster mice with murine tnf-alpha prior to infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) had no demonstrable effect on mortality. however, if mice were treated prior to infection with a combination of murine ifn-gamma and murine tnf-alpha, the dose of ifn-gamma required to achieve significant reduction in mor ... | 1993 | 8215304 |
| experimental murine cytomegalovirus infection in severe combined immunodeficient mice. | severe combined immunodeficient (scid) and balb/c mice were experimentally infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). scid mice infected by the intraperitoneal route died or were moribund at dose-dependent times ranging from 12 to 13 days after inoculation for > or = 3.00 x 10(4) plaque forming units (pfu) of virus to 25 days for 1.17 x 10(2) pfu. histologic lesions included severe adrenal necrosis at low doses and splenic necrosis at high doses. multinucleate hepatocytes with multiple inclusi ... | 1993 | 8231084 |
| selective inhibition of cytomegaloviruses by 9-(3'-ethylphosphono-1'-hydroxymethyl-1'-propyloxy-methyl)g uanine. | 9-(3'-ethylphosphono-1'-hydroxymethyl-1'-propyloxy-methyl)gu anine (sr 3727a) was significantly inhibitory to strain ad169 of human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) utilizing plaque reduction and inhibition of intra- and extracellular virus yield in mrc-5 cells. the 50% effective concentrations (ec50) ranged from 6-17 microm for three laboratory strains of hcmv, whereas the 50% cytotoxic doses were > 4200 microm as determined by viable cell assay and inhibition of radiolabeled precursors into dna, rna and ... | 1993 | 8250544 |
| isolation and preliminary characterisation of twenty-five temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus. | to study the pathogenicity of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and to identify virulence determinants, we have isolated and phenotypically characterised 25 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants. six of these (tsm9, tsm13, tsm20, tsm22, tsm28 and tsm30) failed to replicate in mice and were avirulent. five mutants (tsm14, tsm18, tsm19, tsm25 and tsm27) were of similar virulence to the parental wild-type (wt) virus, five (tsm7, tsm15, tsm24, tsm26 and tsm31) were 12-100 fold less virulent, five (tsm8, tsm ... | 1993 | 8270190 |
| tar-independent transactivation of the murine cytomegalovirus major immediate-early promoter by the tat protein. | tat is a transactivator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) that stimulates gene expression via an rna target sequence (tar) by augmenting transcriptional initiation and/or elongation from the hiv-1 long terminal repeat promoter. here we show that tat is able to transactivate the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) major immediate-early promoter (miep), which lacks sequence similarity with the hiv-1 long terminal repeat tar element. surprisingly, deletion of the upstream enhancer region (-6 ... | 1993 | 8380074 |
| acute murine cytomegalovirus infection induces lethal hepatitis. | events were examined that might contribute to mortality in acute murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection after intraperitoneal inoculation. specifically, viral replication in the liver, spleen, and pancreas and the concomitant biochemical abnormalities induced by mcmv during lethal and nonlethal acute viral infection were compared. mortality was limited to susceptible strains of mice infected by the intraperitoneal (ip) route. in addition, the virus content of the lung, liver, spleen, and pancre ... | 1993 | 8380608 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-inhibitory effects of imuvert. | imuvert, a sterile preparation composed primarily of serratia marcescens membrane vesicles and ribosomes, was significantly inhibitory to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infections in balb/c mice. antiviral activity was manifested as increased survivor number and decreased recoverable virus titers in spleens, lungs and salivary glands. treatments were intraperitoneal (i.p.) beginning 24 h pre, 4 h post- or 24 h post-virus inoculation and then repeated 4 days later. doses of 5, 16 or 50 micrograms/ ... | 1993 | 8387257 |
| efficacy of oral 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap) in the treatment of retrovirus and cytomegalovirus infections in mice. | 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap) is a broad-spectrum antiviral agent with potent activity against dna viruses and retroviruses. we now demonstrate that pmedap is highly efficacious when given orally to mice infected with either moloney murine sarcoma virus (msv), friend leukemia virus (flv), or murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). pmedap markedly delayed msv-induced tumor initiation when administered orally at 50, 100, or 250 mg/kg/day during 5 subsequent days. at the highest do ... | 1993 | 8387573 |
| effect of interferon-alpha on immediate early gene expression of murine cytomegalovirus. | interferon-alpha (ifn-alpha) significantly reduced the replication of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in mouse embryo fibroblasts derived from the susceptible mouse strain c3h/hej. when infectious virus production was measured, a strong decrease in virus titer was observed in ifn-treated cells at a multiplicity of infection (moi) of 1 and 0.5 pfu/cell. analysis of virus-specified mrnas by northern blot assay revealed that ifn-alpha had a significant effect on the expression of viral mrnas at 48h. ... | 1993 | 8389790 |
| efficacy of (s)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)-cytosine and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine in the treatment of intracerebral murine cytomegalovirus infections in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice. | the efficacy of hpmpc and dhpg against systemic and intracerebral murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infections was examined in immunocompetent nmri mice and in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (scid). hpmpc proved to be far superior to dhpg in preventing mortality and growth retardation in mcmv-infected nmri mice even when given as a single dose on the day of infection. in intraperitoneally infected scid mice, hpmpc administered as a single dose of 2, 10, 20 or 50 mg/kg per week increased ... | 1993 | 8390357 |
| accelerated rejection of murine cardiac allografts by murine cytomegalovirus-infected recipients. lack of haplotype specificity. | clinical studies have revealed a correlation between cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection and acute allograft rejection. likewise, for a murine model we observed that c3h (h-2k) recipients infected with murine cmv (mcmv) rejected balb/c (h-2d) cardiac allografts earlier than uninfected recipients (6.9 +/- 0.1 d compared with 8.1 +/- 0.6 d; p < 0.001). it has been hypothesized that mcmv epitopes crossreact with alloantigens and in this manner induce rejection. however, we also demonstrated that mcmv c ... | 1993 | 8390486 |
| alloreactive cytotoxic t lymphocytes generated in the presence of viral-derived peptides show exquisite peptide and mhc specificity. | the nature of alloreactivity to mhc molecules has been enigmatic, primarily because of the observation that allogeneic responses are considerably stronger than syngeneic responses. to better determine the specificity potential of allogeneic responses, we have generated alloreactive ctl specific for exogenous, viral-derived peptide ligands. this approach allowed us to critically evaluate both the peptide- and mhc-specificity of these alloreactive t cells. exploiting the accessibility of the h-2ld ... | 1993 | 8392095 |
| pathogenicity of murine cytomegalovirus for newborn mice: analysis with the attenuated mutants. | mutants (ts21, rev21, and rec21w) of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) with reduced ability to kill newborn mice have been isolated from the smith strain (wild type; wt). the postulated mutations for these mutants are as follows; a mutation(s) responsible for temperature sensitivity (ts); a mutation(s) responsible for attenuation (att); a mutation(s) which modifies temperature sensitivity (mts); and a mutation(s) responsible for modified growth characteristics (mgc). genotypes of the mutants have be ... | 1993 | 8392318 |
| activity of the anti-hiv agent 9-(2-phosphonyl-methoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine against cytomegalovirus in vitro and in vivo. | 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)-2,6-diaminopurine (pmedap), a potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) replication, was evaluated for its activity against human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in vitro, and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and rat cmv (rcmv) in vivo. pmedap strongly inhibited hcmv-induced cytopathicity in human embryonic lung (hel) cell cultures (ec50 11 microm) and caused a concentration-dependent suppression of viral dna synthesis (ic50 20 microm) [corrected]. pmedap had no eff ... | 1993 | 8395382 |
| enhanced mortality and liver damage in virus-infected mice exposed to p-xylene. | this study assessed effects of exposure to p-xylene, a ubiquitous air pollutant, on mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), a mouse model for a common human virus. it was postulated that adverse health effects could occur as a result of (1) enhanced infection due to xylene-induced immune suppression, (2) increased p-xylene toxicity due to viral suppression of cytochrome p-450 (p-450), and/or (3) additive or synergistic effects on liver function due to tissue injury by both p-xylene and ... | 1993 | 8395606 |
| transcripts of a maize chlorotic mottle virus cdna clone replicate in maize protoplasts and infect maize plants. | a full-length cdna clone (pmcm41) was constructed to contain the exact 5' end of mcmv behind a t7 rna polymerase promoter and a smal site at the 3' end. uncapped rna synthesized from pmcm41 has the exact 3' end of viral rna (vrna) but is missing the cap found on vrna. this rna was infectious in protoplasts from black mexican sweet (bms) maize (zea mays) suspension cultures. uncapped transcripts were also infectious when inoculated onto maize plants and produced an infection indistinguishable fro ... | 1993 | 8460472 |
| prevalence of viral antibodies and helminths in field populations of house mice (mus domesticus) in southeastern australia. | a 13-month study of wild mice (mus domesticus) in wheatlands in southeastern australia contrasted changes in the seroprevalence of antibody to 13 viruses and the occurrence of helminths with changes in their population dynamics. mice were seropositive for mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), rotavirus, minute virus of mice (mvm), mouse adenovirus (madv), reovirus (reo 3), and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). the seroprevalences of all but rotavirus varied significantly with time and increased with host de ... | 1993 | 8472782 |
| an absolute and restricted requirement for il-12 in natural killer cell ifn-gamma production and antiviral defense. studies of natural killer and t cell responses in contrasting viral infections. | il-12 is a potent induce of ifn-gamma and is associated with a wide variety of immunoregulatory activities. using murine cmv (mcmv) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) models of acute viral infection, we show here that il-12 is integrally involved in certain aspects of antiviral immunity. experiments evaluating the production and function of il-12 demonstrated the induction of biologically active factor early during smith strain mcmv, but not armstrong strain lcmv, infection. the mcmv- ... | 1996 | 8557990 |
| selective cytotoxicity towards cytomegalovirus-infected cells by immunotoxins consisting of gelonin linked to anti-cytomegalovirus antibody. | an immunotoxin specific for cells infected with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) was constructed by attaching the ribosome-inactivating enzyme, gelonin, through a disulfide linkage to polyclonal human immunoglobulin (igg). in uninfected cells, there was no difference between [35s]methionine incorporation in untreated cultures and those treated with immunotoxin at 100 micrograms/ml. in hcmv-infected cells, there was a significant decrease in [35s]methionine incorporation in the immunotoxin-treated cu ... | 1995 | 8585763 |
| spread of murine cytomegalovirus to inner ocular structures following disruption of the blood-retina barrier in immunosuppressed balb/c mice. | the aims of this study were to determine whether disruption of the blood-retina barrier (brb) increases spread of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) to the eye after intraperitoneal inoculation and whether systemic immunosuppression influences the location of mcmv in the ocular compartment. | 1996 | 8603879 |
| cure of fibroblast monolayers from murine cytomegalovirus infection: phenotypic assessment of rat lymphoid cell population developed on fibroblast monolayers. | rat and mouse fibroblast monolayers were infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) by 2 hr incubation to allow virus to penetrate the cells. then lymph node cells (lnc) from rats infected with mcmv and from untreated rats were added together with human recombinant interleukin-2 (hril-2). cytopathic plaques appeared within 2-3 days. in culture of fibroblasts only, 30-40 plaques per well progressed into confluent cytopathy within 6-8 days. in cultures with lnc syngeneic to fibroblasts, plaques a ... | 1996 | 8612291 |
| concurrent mcmv infection augments donor antihost-specific activity and alters clinical outcome following experimental allogenic bone marrow transplantation. | the present studies were undertaken to examine whether concurrent mcmv infection during allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (bmt) could alter the developing donor-host immune interactions and affect the overall outcome of the transplant. in order to determine the effect of mcmv on antihost activity arising following an allogeneic bmt, specific donor antihost cytotoxicity was examined. the results demonstrated that concurrent virus infection in mice receiving a bmt from donors either h2-matche ... | 1996 | 8623149 |
| lack of mhc class i complex expression has no effect on spread and control of cytomegalovirus infection in vivo. | it has been claimed that mhc class i proteins serve as receptors for murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and that this interaction is the most important mechanism for virus entry in most cells. this claim is based on the observation that the mhc haplotype contributes to the susceptibility to cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection in vivo. results from in vitro studies support the concept that stable expression of correctly folded mhc class i molecules contributes to infection, since the individual properties ... | 1996 | 8627225 |
| murine cytomegalovirus with a deletion of genes spanning hindiii-j and -i displays altered cell and tissue tropism. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) gene products dispensable for growth in cell culture are likely to have important functions within the infected host, influencing tissue tropism, dissemination, or immunological responses against the virus. to identify such genes, our strategy was to delete large regions of the mcmv genome likely to contain genes nonessential for virus replication in nih 3t3 cells. mutant virus rv7 contained a deletion of 7.7 kb spanning portions of mcmv hindiii-j and -i. this virus ... | 1996 | 8627652 |
| antiviral activity of 9-[[(ethoxyhydroxyphosphinyl)-methoxy]methoxy] guanine against cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. | an isosteric analog of 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]guanine (pmeg), 9-[[(ethoxyhydroxyphosphinyl)methoxy]methoxy]guanine (ski 1008), was evaluated for its in vitro antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2), murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), and its in vivo antiviral efficacy against mcmv in mice. the in vitro anti-hsv activity of ski 1008 was much lower than that of acyclovir, even though ski 1008 showed similar antiviral act ... | 1995 | 8629816 |
| pathogenesis of ocular cytomegalovirus infection in the immunocompromised host. | balb/c nude and c.b-17 scid mice were inoculated with salivary gland passaged cytomegalovirus (sg-mcmv) intraperitoneally. dissemination of the virus in the systemic and ocular tissues was studied by the direct immunofluorescence test, and the virus growth in each tissue was titrated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. the mode of viral spread was assessed by inhibiting macrophage function by silica and administering polyclonal murine anti-mcmv antibody in the circulation. the virus first reached th ... | 1995 | 8636704 |
| immunosuppression induces transcription of murine cytomegalovirus glycoprotein h in the eye and at non-ocular sites. | in these studies, dna pcr was used to identify sites of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) latency after inoculation of virus into the supraciliary space of the eye. reverse transcription (rt) pcr for an immediate early gene and a late gene was used to identify putative sites of virus reactivation after methylprednisolone (steroid)-induced immunosuppression. ten weeks after inoculation of 5 x 10(2) pfu of mcmv, balb/c mice were immunosuppressed by intramuscular injection of steroid. control mice were ... | 1996 | 8645084 |
| characterization of early il-12, ifn-alphabeta, and tnf effects on antiviral state and nk cell responses during murine cytomegalovirus infection. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of mice induces early cytokines. although certain of these can directly inhibit viral replication, they also can promote defense by activating nk cells. mcmv induces ifn-alphabeta-dependent nk cell cytotoxicity and il-12-dependent nk cell ifn-gamma production. studies were initiated to define cytokine-mediated nk and t cell-independent antiviral defense and specific cytokine-elicited nk cell responses during mcmv infections. ifn-alphabeta, tnf, il-12, and ... | 1996 | 8648121 |