| characterization of a murine cytomegalovirus-induced immunosuppressive factor. | murine cytomegalovirus infection in spleen cultures resulted in the production of a soluble factor, visf (virus-induced suppressive factor), which inhibited concanavalin a mitogenesis in fresh spleen cells. its production was specific for mcmv, since infection of spleen cultures by sindbis virus, or bacteriophages pm 2 and t 4, and the phagocytosis of latex beads, all failed to elicit visf. maximum appearance of the factor occurred within 24 hours p.i. in spleen cultures, and its source was iden ... | 1987 | 2821959 |
| isolation and preliminary characterization of temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus of differing virulence for 1-week-old mice. | to study the pathogenicity of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and to identify virulence determinants, we have isolated and phenotypically characterized a set of temperature-sensitive mutants. one mutant, pp269/38, was avirulent for 1-week-old balb/c mice and restricted in its plaque formation and replication at 39 degrees c. mutants pp242/68 and pp268/38 were 100-fold less virulent than salivary gland-grown virus (sgv), even after two passages in the salivary glands of 1-week-old mice. the former ... | 1989 | 2550573 |
| inflammatory and immunological responses to murine cytomegalovirus in resistant cba mice. | the resistance of cba mice to mcmv is associated with the resistance of h-2k cells to infection in vitro, high nk and virus-specific dth responses, and minimal accumulation of cytostatic peritoneal macrophages. this study investigates the functional capacity of lymphoid cells from infected cba mice, using this strain as a model for successful control of cmv. splenic viral replication was high 1-3 days p.i. and cell numbers were depressed, but t and b cells frequencies were maintained. the remain ... | 1989 | 2538112 |
| suppression of humoral antibody formation against sheep red blood cells by infections with hsv-2 and the influence of mouse cytomegalovirus. brief report. | hsv-2 infections suppress the antibody response to hsv-1 but do not impair the mouse cytomegalo virus (mcmv) antibody generating system. in contrast, the sheep red blood cell (srbc) igm response is impaired by preinfections with hsv-2 but not with hsv-1. from the time kinetics of this suppression it can be concluded that only a certain submechanism "spills over" to the srbc system. mcmv suppresses the antibody formation induced by hsv-1. | 1987 | 2825620 |
| evaluation of continuous cell lines in antiviral studies with murine cytomegalovirus. | cell culture systems were developed for rapid antiviral drug screening, using murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) as an alternative to the slower growing human cmv. since previous assay methods with mcmv employed mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef cells), which are labor intensive to prepare and die off after 3-4 passages from primary culture, identification of virus-susceptible continuous cell lines was desirable. three cell lines were found useful for assaying mcmv: c127i, sc-1, and 3t3. the antiviral ag ... | 1989 | 2554856 |
| immunotoxic effects of hexachlorobenzene on the pathogenesis of systemic, pneumonic and hepatic virus infections in the mouse. | a quantitative histopathological method has been developed for the evaluation of the effects of hexachlorobenzene (hcb) on the pathogenesis of three virus infections in the mouse. hexachlorobenzene was selected because a substantial amount of immunotoxicological data already exists with which we could compare our results. to establish the validity of the method a systemic virus infection (mouse cytomegalovirus, mcmv), a pneumonia causing virus (pneumonia virus of mice, pvm) and a hepatitis virus ... | 1990 | 2176797 |
| antiviral activity and pharmacokinetics of hoe 602, an acyclic nucleoside, in animal models. | the acyclic nucleoside derivative hoe 602 (2-amino-9-[1,3-bis(isopropoxy)-2-propoxymethyl]purine) was evaluated for its antiviral activity in cell culture and for its therapeutic efficacy in mice infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) and type 2 (hsv-2) or with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). hoe 602 was inactive in vitro against a variety of dna- and rna-viruses. however it prevented symptoms and mortality in mice systemically infected with hsv-1, hsv-2 or mcmv when administered intra ... | 1990 | 2177317 |
| genome structure of tobacco necrosis virus strain a. | an almost complete sequence of the rna genome of tobacco necrosis virus (tnv) strain a has been determined. the genome organization is very similar to that of carnation mottle virus (carmv) and turnip crinkle virus (tcv). the 5'-proximal open reading frame (orf) encodes a 23-kda protein and read-through of its amber codon into the second orf is presumably used for the translation of a 82-kda protein. the third large orf encodes the 30-kda coat protein. two small orfs are located upstream and one ... | 1990 | 2371773 |
| reduced mortality in murine cytomegalovirus infected mice following prophylactic murine interferon-gamma treatment. | efficacy of recombinant dna-derived murine ifn-gamma was investigated in a murine model of cytomegalovirus infection. treatment of 3-week-old swiss webster mice with murine ifn-gamma prior to infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) significantly reduced mortality due to mcmv infection. efficacy was dose-dependent and was observed using either intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection as the route of administration. two doses, one at 24 h and one at 4 h prior to mcmv infection, were require ... | 1988 | 2852918 |
| during recovery from cytomegalovirus infection t-lymphocyte subsets become selectively responsive to activation and have depressed interleukin 2 (il2) secretion and il2 receptor expression. | the ability to induce lymphocyte activation with concanavalin a (con a) was suppressed in spleen cell cultures derived from balb/c mice acutely infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) when compared to cultures derived from control, uninfected mice. this immunosuppression was observed as a reduced incorporation of 3h-thymidine in the lymphocyte proliferative response to con a, was highly correlated with reduced secretion of interleukin 2 (il2), and could not be augmented by addition of exogen ... | 1987 | 2853271 |
| the cytotoxic response to murine cytomegalovirus. iii. lymphokine release and cytotoxicity are dependent upon phenotypically similar immune cell populations. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-immune lymph node (ln) cells were generated following 4 days culture of draining popliteal ln cells removed after bilateral hind footpad inoculation of mice with 4 x 10(2) p.f.u. mcmv. this cell population expressed both cytotoxic activity against mcmv-infected mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef) and the capacity to release lymphokine upon stimulation with mcmv-infected mef. cytotoxicity and lymphokine release were class i, h-2-restricted, virus-specific and dependent up ... | 1985 | 2866228 |
| distribution of mouse cytomegalovirus in organs of white mice experimentally infected by natural route. | one, 10, 21-day-old and adult mice were inoculated by peroral and/or intranasal routes with mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv). in animals surviving generalized infection, the virus could be demonstrated in salivary glands up to 123 days postinfection (p.i.). in mouse females which had eaten their infected and diseased offspring, the virus was detectable in salivary glands up to day 121, p.i. on day 16 p.i., the virus was present in salivary glands, lungs and kidneys of mice of different age groups, b ... | 1986 | 2881473 |
| comparative polypeptide analysis of human, murine and strigis herpesviruses with murine cytomegalovirus by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | the polypeptide composition of five purified murine herpesvirus (mhv) strains grown in a stable line of rabbit embryo fibroblasts (ref) was analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) and compared with herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1). about 24 structural polypeptides of molecular mass ranging from 275,000 to 25,000 were identified in mhv and hsv-1. the polypeptide profiles of mhv and hsv-1, showed a close similarity. the polypeptides of mhv were further ... | 1987 | 2883851 |
| latency of mouse cytomegalovirus in sciatic nerve. | this report describes a mammalian model for exploring the role of virus in peripheral neuropathy. schwann cells in culture were permissive for mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) replication. intraperitoneal inoculation rarely led to sciatic nerve infection. sciatic nerves infected by direct intraneural injection produced infectious virus and contained viral antigen at 4 days postinfection (pi). nerves taken later, at 4 to 8 weeks pi, contained no infectious virus, but mcmv was present in a latent stat ... | 1987 | 2823183 |
| the cytotoxic response to murine cytomegalovirus. ii. in vitro requirements for generation of cytotoxic t cells. | a cytotoxic response to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was obtained by the culture of lymph node cells from mice inoculated with mcmv into both hind footpads 7 days previously. the cytotoxicity was mediated by thy1.2+, lyt2+, h-2-restricted effector cells and was virus-specific. investigation of the in vitro conditions established that t cell proliferation was necessary for optimal generation of cytotoxicity, that proliferation was dependent upon thy1.2+, lyt2+ cell populations and that supernata ... | 1985 | 2984318 |
| the relation of viral replication to interstitial pneumonitis in murine cytomegalovirus lung infection. | using a murine model of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) interstitial pneumonitis, we examined the relation between the virus content of the lung and lung disease. while mcmv alone does not cause lung disease, interstitial pneumonitis was present in all mice receiving both mcmv and a single dose of cyclophosphamide. in this case the severity of disease, judged by increases in wet weight of the lung, was proportional to the virus content of the lung. although both acyclovir (50 mg/kg per day) and pa ... | 1985 | 2982963 |
| genetic analysis of the susceptibility of mouse cytomegalovirus to acyclovir. | eight independently derived mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) mutants resistant to acyclovir (acv) were obtained by the sequential plating of wild-type virus in increasing concentrations of acv. results of complementation studies among these eight mutants suggest that all had mutations within the same or closely associated genes. a ninth mcmv mutant resistant to phosphonoacetate (paa) derived by plating wild-type virus in the presence of 100 micrograms of paa per ml displayed coresistance to acv and ... | 1985 | 2983107 |
| transmission of latent cytomegalovirus in a murine kidney tissue transplantation model. | this paper examines the hypothesis that latent murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) may be transmitted in kidney tissue to transplant recipients. balb/c mice were infected with mcmv, and at intervals of less than 1 week to greater than 1 year, transmission of the virus from infected donors was attempted by transplantation of kidney sections or transfusion of blood into uninfected recipients. graft recipients were killed from 2-4 weeks later, and cultured for mcmv. restriction endonuclease digestion pro ... | 1985 | 2983462 |
| murine cytomegalovirus adrenalitis in athymic nude mice. | during studies of the pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in athymic nude mice, we noted striking virus involvement of the adrenal glands. because patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) have recently been reported to have adrenal necrosis and evidence of infection of the adrenal gland with human cytomegalovirus (hcmv), we have further evaluated adrenal gland involvement during mcmv infection. following virus inoculation, mcmv replicated to high titer in t ... | 1986 | 3006642 |
| murine cytomegalovirus binds reversibly to mouse embryo fibroblasts: implications for quantitation and explanation of centrifugal enhancement. | in a study of the infection of mouse embryo fibroblasts with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), we found that plaque number is directly related to virus concentration and not to the total amount of virus contained in the inoculum. these results suggested that virus binding was reversible and that during infection a binding equilibrium is established which limits the amount of bound virus. further analysis revealed three categories of plaque based on reversibility after virus adsorption. one group wa ... | 1988 | 2851601 |
| pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection: identification of infected cells in the spleen during acute and latent infections. | spleen cells which replicate murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) during acute infection in vivo were identified by electron microscopy and combined immunocytochemical staining and in situ cytohybridization. most infected cells, as defined by in situ hybridization for viral rna with mcmv-specific probes, were shown to be positive for factor viii-related antigen and negative for ia, thy-1, and f4/80 antigens. electron microscopic ultrastructural observations indicated that the infected cells in the sple ... | 1988 | 2828694 |
| transmission of cytomegalovirus infection in mice by skin graft. | transmission of infectious disease, including virus, by allogeneic tissue transplants is a major clinical concern. the present study provided evidence for the transfer of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) by syngeneic and allogeneic skin grafts transplanted immediately after harvest from acutely infected donor mice. transfer of mcmv also occurred following skin grafting with cryopreserved syngeneic skin. recipients of infected skin were first positive for mcmv between 9 and 15 days post transplant, ... | 1988 | 2831371 |
| molecular analysis of herpesviral gene products recognized by protective cytolytic t lymphocytes. | the infection of the mouse with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) served as a model system to understand the biology of human cmv infection. the contribution of cytolytic t lymphocytes (ctl) to the recovery from infection was studied. protection against lethal mcmv disease could be conferred on immunodepleted hosts by adoptive transfer of lymphocytes. the antiviral effect was mediated by specifically sensitized t lymphocytes of the cd8+ subset. these cells limited viral spread, prevented tissue dest ... | 1987 | 2832318 |
| the pathophysiology of enhanced susceptibility to murine cytomegalovirus respiratory infection during short-term exposure to 5 ppm nitrogen dioxide. | to determine whether exposure to nitrogen dioxide (no2) affects respiratory tract susceptibility to viral infection, cd-1 mice were inoculated intratracheally with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) during exposure to varying concentrations of no2. exposure lasted for 6 h per day; it began 2 consecutive days prior to instillation of mcmv and continued for 4 days after virus inoculation. exposure to 5 ppm no2 resulted in mcmv proliferation and a mild bronchopneumonia in some animals inoculated with 10 ... | 1988 | 2833142 |
| modification of acute murine cytomegalovirus adrenal gland infection by adoptive spleen cell transfer. | homozygous (nu/nu), athymic nude mice, infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), develop unremitting and ablative virus infection involving both the adrenal cortex and medulla. during acute infection, adoptive transfer of mcmv-immune, but not naive, spleen cells suppressed virus replication in the adrenal glands, but not the lungs or salivary gland. t lymphocytes, not macrophages or b cells, were responsible for limiting viral replication. the effect by donor cells was restricted by compatibi ... | 1987 | 3023703 |
| a nonstructural viral protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus protects against lethal cytomegalovirus infection. | the nonstructural immediate-early protein pp89 of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is the first viral protein synthesized after infection and has a regulatory function in viral gene expression. despite its localization in the nucleus of infected cells, pp89 is also the dominant antigen recognized by mcmv-specific cytolytic t lymphocytes. the recombinant vaccinia virus mcmv-iei-vac, which expresses pp89, was used to study the capacity of this protein to induce protective immunity in balb/c mice. vac ... | 1988 | 2833615 |
| antibody responses to murine cytomegalovirus in genetically resistant and susceptible strains of mice. | the role of antibodies as mediators of genetically determined resistance to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in mice has not been elucidated. the ability of mice with different mcmv resistance phenotypes to produce an antibody response to mcmv was investigated in order to assess whether the host genotypes that control resistance also influence antibody production. antibodies to mcmv in the sera of resistant (balb.k, cba/cah, b10.br) and susceptible [balb/c, balb.b, c57bl/10scsn (b10), b10.d2, b10.a ... | 1988 | 2841411 |
| adoptive transfer studies demonstrating the antiviral effect of natural killer cells in vivo. | we carried out adoptive transfer studies to determine the role of natural killer (nk) cells in resistance to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv). we transferred leukocytes from adult mice into suckling mice 1 d before injecting them with virus. resistance was measured by enhancement of survival and reduction of virus multiplication in the spleens of recipient mice. the phenotype of the cell population capable of mediating resistance to mcmv was that of a n ... | 1985 | 2981954 |
| accumulation and chemotaxis of natural killer/large granular lymphocytes at sites of virus replication. | a model for monitoring the accumulation of natural killer cell/large granular lymphocytes (nk/lgl) at a site of virus replication was studied by using mice infected i.p. with either lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), mouse hepatitis virus (mhv), pichinde virus, or vaccinia virus. an i.p. but not i.v. infection resulted in a localized increase in nk/lgl cell number (a fourfold to greater than 20-fold increase) and augmentation (a 10- to 20-fold increase) of ... | 1987 | 3027167 |
| multiple autoantibodies following cytomegalovirus infection: virus distribution and specificity of autoantibodies. | multiple autoantibodies were found in the sera of balb/c, c57bl/10 and c3h mice following mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. the complex pattern of intra-organ, intratissue and intracellular reactivity observed by immunoperoxidase histochemistry suggested that many autoantibodies of varying specificities were elicited. this evidence from immunoperoxidase histochemistry was confirmed by immunoblot, where autoantibodies binding to polypeptides of a variety of sizes and tissues of origin were ... | 1988 | 2842252 |
| the cytotoxic response to murine cytomegalovirus. i. parameters in vivo. | combined in vivo and in vitro protocols for the generation of anti-murine cytomegalovirus (anti-mcmv) cytotoxic responses were investigated using balb/c mice and syngeneic mouse embryo fibroblast target cells. injections of doses of mcmv from 10(2.6) up to 10(6.1) p.f.u. into the hind footpad, harvest of draining popliteal lymph node cells after 6 to 8 days, followed by 4 days culture of these cells gave similar and optimal cytotoxic activity against mcmv-infected target cells. after injection o ... | 1985 | 2984317 |
| dna sequences which regulate the expression of the pseudorabies virus major immediate early gene. | it has been shown previously that the transcription of herpes simplex virus (hsv) immediate early (ie) genes is transactivated by a component of the virus particle. the trans-inducing factor (tif) is known to be polypeptide vmw65. infection with pseudorabies virus (prv), a related herpesvirus, does not increase expression from hsv ie regulatory sequences (w. batterson and b. roizman, 1983, j. virol. 46, 371-377). to examine the control of the prv ie gene and possible sequence specificity of a ti ... | 1987 | 3029974 |
| use of temperature-sensitive mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus as vaccines. | three temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were compared with parent virus for their ability to produce acute infection, to stimulate protection against a lethal challenge with salivary gland mcmv, and to become latent and then be reactivated. during the acute phase of infection, ts mutant virus demonstrated very limited replication. during the later phase of infection (seven to 14 days after challenge), titers of virus in the pancreas and salivary glands in mice in ... | 1988 | 2842407 |
| murine cytomegalovirus-pseudomonas synergistic infections: comparison of virulent and attenuated virus. | the synergistic interactions between pseudomonas aeruginosa and virulent or attenuated murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were compared in vivo. virulent mcmv challenge at a dose of 5 x 10(5) pfu/mouse intraperitoneally, followed by intranasal superinfection with 5 x 10(6) cfu/mouse of pseudomonas aeruginosa after 48 h resulted in greater than 80% mortality, apparently owing to a failure of pulmonary clearance mechanisms. single infections, or the use of attenuated mcmv in synergistic infections, did ... | 1987 | 2825950 |
| insertional mutagenesis of the murine cytomegalovirus genome: one prominent alpha gene (ie2) is dispensable for growth. | we have utilized insertional mutagenesis to investigate the functional importance of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) immediate early (ie or alpha) region 2 (ie2) in replication. we constructed a recombinant virus, rm408, that carries the escherichia coli lacz gene under transcriptional control of the mcmv alpha promoter/enhancer inserted within the ie2 transcription unit. rm408 carries the first defined genetic mutation in a specific cmv gene. after infection of nih3t3 cells, rm408 expressed beta- ... | 1988 | 2849236 |
| association of virulence of murine cytomegalovirus with macrophage susceptibility and with virion-bound non-neutralizing antibody. | a comparison was made of the virulence in vivo and the infectivity in vitro for macrophages of (i) tissue culture-passed mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv), (ii) salivary gland virus taken 3 weeks after infection (sgv 3w), and (iii) salivary gland virus taken 1 week after infection (sgv 1w). salivary gland virus (3w) is known to be coated with non-neutralizing antibody, and is more virulent for newborn suckling mice and less infectious for macrophages than tissue culture-passed virus (tcv). properties ... | 1985 | 2984322 |
| alteration of bronchoalveolar cells during murine cytomegalovirus interstitial pneumonitis. | in balb/c mice, murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in conjunction with a single dose of cyclophosphamide (cp) induces a diffuse interstitial pneumonitis not seen with either virus or cp alone. to gain insight into the host immune mechanisms operating in the lung during interstitial pneumonitis, we examined the cells recovered in bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) fluids of mice with mcmv with and without cp. during mcmv interstitial pneumonitis, there was a significant increase in the total bal cells recov ... | 1985 | 2990272 |
| abnormal glucose metabolism in murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-infected mice. | five strains of male and female mice were infected with salivary gland-passaged murine cytomegalovirus (sg-mcmv) intraperitoneally. although none of them became hyperglycemic, 13-30% of balb/c male and female, icr/slc male and female and c57bl/6j male mice had abnormal values in glucose tolerance tests (gtt) 14 to 30 day post infection. serum insulin levels in balb/c male mice were low and infective virus was detected in the pancreas during the acute phase of infection. histopathology showed mil ... | 1985 | 2993829 |
| in vivo model for the acute, latent and reactivated phases of cytomegalovirus infection. | tissue samples from the salivary gland, lung spleen, liver and kidney of balb/c mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) contained infective mcmv and virus-specific antigens for 6-7 weeks following the infection. after the 8th week no infective virus could be detected in any organ and antigens were found only in the spleen and the mesangial cells of the renal glomerules. as a result of cyclophosphamide treatment applied in the 22nd-24th weeks, the latent viral infection was reactivated i ... | 1985 | 2994350 |
| the interaction of murine cytomegalovirus with murine neutrophils: effect on migratory and phagocytic activities. | to investigate the interaction of cytomegalovirus (cmv) with neutrophils, we studied the effects of in vitro incubation of murine neutrophils with murine cmv (mcmv). neutrophils incubated with mcmv for 4 h had depressed chemotactic activity, mean chemotactic index of 1.34 +/- 1.43 for mcmv-treated neutrophils vs 3.22 +/- 2.11 for controls. engulfment of latex spheres by mcmv-treated neutrophils was also reduced. these differences were not attributable to loss of cell viability. uv-inactivation o ... | 1985 | 2999278 |
| alopecia in mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). | when mouse cytomegalovirus was injected subcutaneously into 4-12 day old cdi mice there was infection of dermal cells and the dermal papillae of hair follicles. infected cells were never seen in the epidermis nor in the epithelium of hair follicles. when larger doses of virus (5 x 10(4) pfu) were given, dermal infection led to gross necrosis of the skin, ulceration, scabbing and healing with alopecia. smaller doses (10(4) pfu) did not cause gross necrosis but damage to follicles resulted in alop ... | 1985 | 3002414 |
| pathogenesis of acute murine cytomegalovirus infection in resistant and susceptible strains of mice. | we have characterized the progress of acute murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection in the spleen, liver, and salivary gland of susceptible (balb/c) and resistant (c3h) strains of mice after intraperitoneal inoculation. viral replication was analyzed by virus titration, infectious-center assays, and in situ cytohybridization with cloned subgenomic fragments of the mcmv genome. the most striking differences between strains were observed in the spleen. at 24 h postinfection (p.i.), both strains ha ... | 1986 | 3003382 |
| studies of latent cytomegalovirus infection: the macrophage as a virus-harboring cell. | during chronic infection of mice with mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv), the virus was isolated from various tissues by cocultivation with allogeneic mouse embryonic fibroblasts (mef). infectious virus was recovered from over 15% of the pancreases, salivary glands, kidneys, lacrimal glands, and spleens. when activated macrophages were obtained by intraperitoneal injection of peptone into mice infected 3 months earlier, they harbored mcmv. macrophages or lymphocytes were infected with mcmv in vitro an ... | 1985 | 3003544 |
| the 89,000-mr murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early protein activates gene transcription. | to study trans-activation of gene expression by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) immediate-early (ie) proteins, the ie coding region 1 (ie1), which encodes the 89,000-mr ie phosphoprotein (pp89), was stably introduced into l cells. a cell line was selected and characterized that efficiently expressed the authentic viral protein. the pp89 that was constitutively expressed in l cells stimulated the expression of transfected recombinant constructs containing the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransfe ... | 1986 | 3005659 |
| inhibition of murine cytomegalovirus lung infection and interstitial pneumonitis by acyclovir and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine. | we compared the effects of acyclovir (acv) and 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (dhpg) on murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) replication in lung and salivary gland tissues, the evolution of interstitial pneumonitis in vivo, and mcmv replication in mouse embryo cells in vitro. as measured by plaque reduction, acv was more active than dhpg in vitro. in vivo, whether administered orally by gastric intubation or in the drinking water, or subcutaneously, dhpg was more effective than acv in reducin ... | 1985 | 3010835 |
| surveillance of mice for antibodies to murine cytomegalovirus. | the sera of 256 mice from nine commercial sources were screened for antibodies to murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) because a surveillance of this virus has not been reported in the literature for over a decade. although no evidence of antibodies to mcmv were detected by complement fixation or nuclear anticomplement immunofluorescence, 54.7% of these sera did have antibodies that were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. these data emphasize the need for proper containment of laboratory mi ... | 1986 | 3011855 |
| mouse cytomegalovirus is infectious for rats and alters lymphocyte subsets and spleen cell proliferation. | the smith strain of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was infectious for infant and mature da strain laboratory rats as judged by development of neutralizing antibodies and specific spleen cell proliferation on stimulation with mcmv antigen. an i.p. inoculum of 10(6) pfu of mcmv was fatal for more than two-thirds of infant mice (1-7 days of age), and disseminated viral infection was documented by isolation of virus from body organs. in contrast, weanling and adult rats did not become ill as a result ... | 1986 | 3015085 |
| successful treatment of murine cytomegalovirus disease does not prevent latent virus infection. | 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (dhpg), a nucleoside analogue, inhibits the replication of human and murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in cell culture. we studied the effects of treatment with dhpg on acute mcmv infection in mice and assessed the impact of drug therapy on the eventual development of latent viral infection. in virus-susceptible balb/c mice, dhpg treatment limited dissemination of virus infection and prevented death. in sublethal infection of both balb/c and virus-resistant c ... | 1986 | 3016127 |
| effects of oral ciclosporin on acute and chronic murine cytomegalovirus infection. | mice fed a basal diet which contained 0.018% ciclosporin (csa) achieved immunosuppressive blood levels of 1,400-2,200 ng/ml. observations for 84 days of mice placed on this diet and infected at the same time with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) showed elevated virus titers and more widespread infection of various organs. an enhancing effect on acute mcmv infection measured by virus titers in the spleen 5 days after infection was evident only after 14 days of prior csa ingestion. in groups of mice ... | 1987 | 2822603 |
| modification of susceptibility to klebsiella pneumoniae during murine cytomegalovirus infection. | the effect of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection on susceptibility to bacterial infection was studied in mice by a combination of intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of a sublethal dose of mcmv with subsequent ip challenge of 2 x 10(3) cfu of a strain of klebsiella pneumoniae (kp). when given alone, kp produced a mortality of 30-40%. mortality was increased when kp was given 1 to 7 days after mcmv injection with the peak increase at the 4th to 5th day when 100% mortality occurred. virus levels ... | 1986 | 3023797 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection of reaggregate cultures of fetal mouse brain. | we used cultures of reaggregate embryonic mouse brain cells to study murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of neural tissues. after 21 to 28 days in culture, aggregates were infected with mcmv and studied sequentially for 14 days using virus assay, electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence. infectious virus could be recovered from aggregate cultures beginning three days after infection, and peak virus titers were observed on day 7 in aggregate tissues and on day 14 in culture fluids. ... | 1987 | 3025379 |
| analysis of immediate-early and early proteins of murine cytomegalovirus in permissive and nonpermissive cells. | the immediate-early (ie) and early proteins induced by murine cytomegalovirus (smith strain) in permissively infected 3t3-l1 murine fibroblasts were identified by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ten proteins were classified as ie by their time of synthesis and by their synthesis in the presence of actinomycin d following reversal of a cycloheximide mediated protein synthesis block. by exclusion, seven proteins were classified as early class. eleven of these proteins were precipitated by ... | 1987 | 3026286 |
| murine cytomegalovirus genomic material in marrow cells: relation to altered leukocyte counts during sublethal infection of mice. | to investigate infection of hematopoietic cells by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), we used in situ hybridization to detect mcmv genomic material in marrow cells during sublethal infection of three-week-old mice. mcmv genomic material was present in femoral marrow cells on days 3, 5, 7, and 14, and detection of mcmv genomes correlated strongly with recovery of infectious virus. peak infection occurred on day 5, when 0.003%-0.185% of the marrow cells contained mcmv genomic material. at peak infecti ... | 1987 | 3027192 |
| early-stage developmental abnormalities induced by murine cytomegalovirus. | the onset of the effects of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection on an early stage of embryonic development (nine days) in a mouse model was studied with the aid of scanning electron microscopy. mcmv was injected into the endometrial lumina of pregnant mice at the time of implantation. the mice were later killed, and sites of embryonic implantation were examined. compared with uninfected mice and mice inoculated with heat-inactivated virus, litter sizes were reduced, and the incidence of abno ... | 1987 | 3029242 |
| further characterization of the murine cytomegalovirus induced early proteins in permissive and nonpermissive cells. | some of the properties of the immediate-early (ie) and early proteins induced by the murine cytomegalovirus (smith strain) were examined in permissively infected 3 t 3-l 1 cells, and in non-permissively infected j 774a.1 (mouse macrophage) and human fibroblast cells, in order to determine differences that could account for the restriction in virus replication in the latter two cell lines. the different virus induced proteins had distinctive partitioning characteristics between nuclear and cytopl ... | 1988 | 2845888 |
| enhancing antibodies, macrophages and virulence in mouse cytomegalovirus infection. | the infectivity of tissue culture-passed mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) for resident mouse peritoneal macrophages in the presence of serial dilutions of antiviral antibody was studied by fluorescent antibody staining and virus yields. although mcmv was neutralized by high concentrations of antiserum, there was a twofold enhancement of infectivity by subneutralizing antibody concentrations. on further dilution of antiserum, significant neutralization appeared again. when f(ab')2 fragments of anti-m ... | 1985 | 2984321 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of phosphate derivatives of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine against cytomegaloviruses. | the anti-cytomegalovirus activities of four phosphate derivatives of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine (dhpg) were evaluated against human, monkey and murine viruses. the 5'-mono-, 3'5'-bis(mono-), and 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and 5'-homophosphonate forms of dhpg inhibited virus plaque formation at 1-15 microm. the cyclic phosphate and homophosphonate were more active than the other compounds against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in vitro. in an in vivo mcmv infection model, dhpg homoph ... | 1986 | 3021055 |
| altered threshold for the induction of graft-versus-host immunodeficiency following murine cytomegalovirus infection. host and donor contributions. | acute murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection enhances the ability of parental spleen cells to induce graft-vs.-host immunodeficiency (gvhid) in f1 hybrid mice when the two processes occur simultaneously in the recipient. the present study assessed gvhid as the ability of spleen cells to generate in vitro cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to trinitrophenyl-modified syngeneic cells. the results indicate that mcmv infection not only reduces the number of parental spleen cells required to induce gvh ... | 1988 | 2841780 |
| role of specific cytotoxic lymphocytes in cellular immunity against murine cytomegalovirus. | cytotoxic lymphocytes were generated in vitro against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-infected cells by incubation with ultraviolet light-irradiated, infected fibroblasts. when passively transferred, they reduced virus titers in spleens of mice 1 day after infection with mcmv. protection was abrogated by anti-theta serum and complement. spleen cells from mice infected for 6 to 14 days protected mice better than cells from mice after infection for 1, 3, or 30 days. protection by in vitro- and in vi ... | 1980 | 6247279 |
| the cytotoxic response to murine cytomegalovirus: requirements for the generation of mcmv-specific target cells. | the preparation of target cells susceptible to lysis by murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-immune t cells in vitro was investigated and found to be dependent upon target cell type, culture conditions, virus adsorption protocol and virus preparation. optimally sensitive mcmv-infected targets were obtained by preculture of mouse embryo fibroblasts (mef) in 3% vol/vol concanavalin-a-stimulated spleen cell supernatant (css)-supplemented medium, adsorption of salivary gland stock mcmv under 800 g centrifu ... | 1987 | 3038737 |
| t-lymphocyte subpopulations and function during murine cytomegalovirus infection. | to study the effects of cytomegalovirus infection on t-lymphocyte subpopulations, we determined helper (lyt 1.2) and suppressor (lyt 2.2) t-lymphocyte subset numbers using monoclonal antibodies and measured lymphocyte responsiveness to mitogen during sublethal murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection of 3-wk-old balb/c mice. mcmv-infected mice had reduced lyt 1.2 to lyt 2.2 t-lymphocyte ratios on days 1, 3, 5, and 9 of infection. alterations in t-lymphocyte subsets were accompanied by diminished ... | 1985 | 2989760 |
| cytolytic t lymphocyte recognition of the murine cytomegalovirus nonstructural immediate-early protein pp89 expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. | the murine immediate-early (ie) protein pp89 is a nonstructural virus-encoded phosphoprotein residing in the nucleus of infected cells, where it acts as transcriptional activator. frequency analysis has shown that in balb/c mice the majority of virus-specific ctl recognize ie antigens. the present study was performed to assess whether pp89 causes membrane antigen expression detected by ie-specific ctl. site-directed mutagenesis has been used to delete the introns from gene iei, encoding pp89, fo ... | 1987 | 3040884 |
| cd8-positive t lymphocytes specific for murine cytomegalovirus immediate-early antigens mediate protective immunity. | we have shown in a murine model system for acute, lethal cytomegalovirus (cmv) disease in the immunocompromised natural host that control of virus multiplication in tissues, protection from virus-caused tissue destruction, and survival are mediated by virus-specific cd8+ cd4-t lymphocytes. protection from a lethal course of disease did not result in a rapid establishment of virus latency, but led to a long-lasting, persistent state of infection. the cd8- cd4+ subset of t lymphocytes was not effe ... | 1987 | 3041033 |
| accumulation of natural killer and cytotoxic t large granular lymphocytes in the liver during virus infection. | the immunologic mechanisms involved in virus-induced hepatitis were examined by measuring the cytotoxic capabilities and the morphologic and antigenic phenotypes of leukocytes isolated from livers of virus-infected mice. large granular lymphocytes (lgl) of both natural killer (nk) cell and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) phenotypes were found to accumulate in livers of mice infected with either the nonhepatotropic armstrong strain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv-arm) or the hepatotropic ... | 1986 | 3490535 |
| abortive infection of human diploid cells by murine cytomegalovirus. | inoculation of human diploid cells (wi-38) with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) did not result in the synthesis of any infectious virions. however, morphological changes typical of the cytopathic effects (cpe) of mcmv were detectable within 12 hr of infection. the cpe included rounding, swelling, and detachment of cells. the nuclei of infected cells were enlarged, and intranuclear inclusions were visible by may grunwald-giemsa staining and by the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. all cells infec ... | 1972 | 4118017 |
| role of macrophages in resistance to murine cytomegalovirus. | the role of macrophages in protecting mice from murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was studied in swiss, cba/j, and c57bl/6j mice. cba/j mice were more resistant to virus than were c57bl/6j mice at all ages tested. prior treatment of adult swiss mice with 60 mg of silica, a dose selectively toxic to macrophages, increased mortality due to mcmv infection. transfer of syngeneic adult macrophages to suckling mice significantly increased their resistance to subsequent mcmv infection. transfer of syngenei ... | 1974 | 4140160 |
| growth of murine cytomegalovirus in various cell lines. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was capable of infecting and replicating in both primary and continuous cell lines obtained from various species. in african green monkey kidney (bsc-1) cells, primary rabbit kidney cells, and baby hamster kidney (bhk-21) cells, there were cytopathic effects (cpe) and virus replication upon initial exposure of cells to virus. in primary fetal sheep brain (fsb) cells, l cells, and rabbit kidney (rk-13) cells, it was necessary to subculture the infected cells one or m ... | 1971 | 4327583 |
| mouse cytomegalovirus. necrosis of infected and morphologically normal submaxillary gland acinar cells during termination of chronic infection. | the ultrastructural lesions in the submaxillary glands of c(3)h mice chronically infected with the murine cytomegalovirus are reported. virus was synthesized in the nucleus of acinar glandular cells. after passage into the cytoplasm, virus was located in large vesicles which were derived from the golgi apparatus. these vesicles, which were periodic acid-schiff positive, migrated to the apex of the cell and released virus into the acinar lumen or canaliculi. eventually, lymphocytes infiltrated th ... | 1972 | 4342992 |
| experimental murine cytomegalovirus infection of ocular structures. | to study experimental cytomegalovirus (cmv) infection of ocular structures, 3-week-old swiss-webster mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with a 0% to 20% lethal inoculum of murine cmv (mcmv). murine cytomegalovirus was recovered from homogenates of eye tissues on days 3, 5, and 7 after inoculation. peak virus titers, mean of 2.93 +/- 0.67 log plaque-forming units of mcmv per gram of ocular tissue occurred on day 5. urine cytomegalovirus was recovered from explant cultures of eye and optic ner ... | 1984 | 6087775 |
| increased susceptibility to parathion poisoning following murine cytomegalovirus infection. | in mice treated with ordinarily sublethal doses of parathion 2 to 5 days postinfection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) 50 to 100% mortality was observed. these mortalities appeared to be due to a decrease in the ability of infected mice to detoxify parathion. pentobarbital-induced sleeping time was also enhanced 3 and 6 days postinfection and cytochrome p-450 concentrations were markedly depressed in mice tested 3 days after infection. mcmv-induced effects on sensitivity to parathion and pent ... | 1984 | 6093289 |
| host genetic factors influence murine cytomegalovirus lung infection and interstitial pneumonitis. | we evaluated the influence of host genetic factors on the course of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) lung infection after intranasal inoculation and on the development of interstitial pneumonitis after virus and cyclophosphamide (cp) administration. susceptibility to virus replication in the lungs of various inbred murine strains was inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, which was associated with the h-2 locus. similarly, the development of mcmv interstitial pneumonitis was inherited as an auto ... | 1984 | 6096490 |
| evidence for a protective role of interferon in resistance to murine cytomegalovirus and its control by non-h-2-linked genes. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) induces rapid production of a partially ph 2-stable type 1 interferon, the serum level of which is controlled by non-h-2-linked host genes. the production of high, intermediate, and low levels of interferon was found in c3h/he, c57bl/10, and balb/c mice, respectively, and the use of h-2 congenic mice on the balb/c or c57bl/10 background showed that h-2-associated genes were not involved. administration of large (up to 200,000 u) daily doses of partially purified typ ... | 1982 | 6179875 |
| interferon as a defence mechanism in mouse cytomegalovirus infection. | mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) grew to higher titres in spleen, liver, kidney and salivary gland of mice, and caused more sickness and death in susceptible (cd1) mice following treatment with anti-interferon globulin (aig). in the resistant (c3h) strain of mice, organ titres were higher following aig treatment but there was no sickness or mortality. spleen necrosis was more severe in aig-treated mice, indicating that this necrosis was not caused by interferon-mediated activation of natural killer ... | 1983 | 6187894 |
| genetically determined resistance to lethal murine cytomegalovirus infection is mediated by interferon-dependent and -independent restriction of virus replication. | susceptibility of 4-week-old mice of different strains to lethal murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection was studied. strains homozygous for h-2k and c57bl strains were resistant to greater than or equal to 10(5.5) pfu. b10.br mice congenic for c57bl background genes and h-2k were about 10-fold more resistant than either c3h/hen or c57bl strains. balb/c mice (h-2d) were susceptible (50% lethal dose, 10(5.05) pfu). this susceptibility was dominant over resistance associated with h-2k but not that ... | 1987 | 3033318 |
| murine cytomegalovirus. | balb/c and c57bl/6 mice were infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). on day 4 or 12 of the infection, the animals were immunized with srbc (t-dependent), tnp-ficoll (t-independent) and standard poliovirus. the adverse effect of the virus infection on humoral immune responses was limited to animals immunized on day 4; while anti-srbc antibody formation was severely depressed in both mouse strains, reduced plaque forming cells to tnp-ficoll were registered only in balb/c mice. antibodies to p ... | 1987 | 3032777 |
| the efficacy of biological response modifiers against murine cytomegalovirus infection in normal and immunodeficient mice. | the host-mediated antiviral effect of two biological response modifiers (brm), ok-432 and ps-k, against murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was evaluated in normal and immunologically deficient mice of the same litters. in normal littermate mice, balb/c (nu/+) or c57bl/6 (bg/+), the brm-induced resistance against mcmv infection was evidenced by increase in fifty percent lethal doses, decrease in titers of viruses replicated in the target organs and augmentation of natural killer (nk) cell activity of ... | 1987 | 3035349 |
| minor base sequence differences between the genomes of two strains of murine cytomegalovirus differing in virulence. | two strains of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv), differing in virulence towards mice, were compared for possible genetic differences. the two strains behaved identically in cell cultures, although the virulent strain gave higher yields of infectious virus in salivary glands. the viral dnas displayed identical reassociation kinetics, but minor differences in their base sequences were revealed by restriction endonuclease profiles. the endonuclease profile of the "virulent" strain was conserved during ... | 1980 | 6246852 |
| murine cytomegalovirus: detection of latent infection by nucleic acid hybridization technique. | the technique of nucleic acid hybridization was used to detect the presence of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-specific deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in cell cultures and salivary gland tissues. the presence of approximately 4.5 and 0.2 genome equivalents per cell of mcmv-specific dna was identified in cultures of salivary (isg2) and prostate gland (ip) cells, respectively. these cells, derived from animals with experimentally induced latent infections, were negative for virus-specific antigens by i ... | 1980 | 6247281 |
| genetic influences on the augmentation of natural killer (nk) cells during murine cytomegalovirus infection: correlation with patterns of resistance. | cytotoxic activity attributable to natural killer (nk) cells was augmented in the spleens of mice infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). stimulation was observed as early as 10 hr after virus administration but was dependent upon the dose used, and in particular, the host genotype. effector cells were capable of killing a range of tumor cell targets as well as normal syngeneic thymocytes, and were induced in nude (nu/nu) and heterozygous (nu/+) mice. a significant correlation existed betwe ... | 1981 | 6257788 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection model in balb/c mice--2. pericarditis with myocardial involvement during virus infection. | pericarditis with myocardial involvement was observed in mice infected with doses of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) designed to produce lethal, acute but non-lethal and asymptomatic infections. white spot was noted on the surface of the right ventricle from 4 to 6 days after mcmv infection. mcmv was isolated from the heart tissues as early as 2 days after infection. the virus titre reached a peak on day 6 and thereafter rapidly declined to undetectable level. histopathological changes appeared on ... | 1986 | 3039696 |
| acute cytomegalovirus infections in leukemic mice. | mice infected with 2 x 10(3) plaque-forming units of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) 3 days after receiving 300 to 400 spleen focus-forming units of friend leukemia virus developed a more severe mcmv infection than did normal animals. increased severity was demonstrated by the increased amounts of mcmv recoverable from the salivary glands of leukemic mice 1 to 5 weeks postinfection. in addition, the difference in the number of virus isolations from the kidneys, spleens, livers, and lungs of animals ... | 1980 | 6260649 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection of cultured mouse embryos. | isolated mouse whole embryos of 7.5 days' gestation were infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and cultured in pure rat serum. although the mcmv infection had little effect on the survival and development of the embryos during 3 days of cultivation, immunohistochemical analysis of their serial sections using monoclonal antibody showed mcmv-infected cells in various portions of the embryos. this monoclonal antibody, when tested with the use of infected cultured mouse fibroblasts, reacted wi ... | 1987 | 3034066 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection model in balb/c mice--1. virological and pathological profiles in mice inoculated with various virus doses. | by intraperitoneal injection of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) in balb/c mice at doses of 2 x 10(6), 2 x 10(5) and 2 x 10(4) pfu per mouse, lethal, acute but non-lethal and asymptomatic infection were produced respectively. 100% mortality was found in mice infected with the lethal dose, as well as high mcmv titres in liver and spleen, severe necrosis of the spleen and severe degeneration of the liver. in these mice leukocyte counts in blood was not raised and inflammatory responses in the periton ... | 1986 | 3039695 |
| murine cytomegalovirus: reactivation in pregnancy. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) may be rapidly and reproducibly attenuated by passage in tissue culture. a high proportion of cdi mice neonatally infected with the virulent strain of cmv can be shown to have replicating virus in the kidneys for up to 90 weeks p.i. and this high rate of isolation is not altered in pregnancy. a much lower rate of isolation from the kidneys is seen in cdi mice neonatally infected with the attenuated strain. however, this isolation rate was significantly increased dur ... | 1980 | 6262441 |
| adherent spleen cells from mice acutely infected with cytomegalovirus suppress the primary antibody response in vitro. | in the present study, we have demonstrated that the hemolytic plaque response of spleen cells from mice acutely infected with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) is suppressed in vitro. mishell-dutton cultures established with spleen cells from c57bl/6 mice infected 4 days earlier with 4.2 x 10(3) plaque-forming units of mcmv were found to produce significantly fewer direct plaques upon stimulation with sheep red blood cells than corresponding control cultures. suppression could not be attributed to a ... | 1981 | 6268705 |
| cytomegalovirus causes a latent infection in undifferentiated cells and is activated by induction of cell differentiation. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) does not productively infect ott6050af1 brdu, f9, or pcc4 undifferentiated murine teratocarcinoma cell lines, as shown by immunofluorescence assays for viral antigens and by plaque assays for infectious virus. however, these cells were infected by a variety of other viruses. mcmv does productively infect pys2 and ott f12 differentiated murine teratocarcinoma cell lines. the replication of mcmv in the pluripotent pcc4 cell line was examined in detail. undifferentiate ... | 1981 | 6271894 |
| increased susceptibility to cytomegalovirus infection in beige mutant mice. | mice homozygous for the beige gene (bg/bg) are a homologue of the chédiak-higashi syndrome of man and are known to be selectively defective in natural killer (nk) cells. we have compared the susceptibility of bg/bg and bg/+ c57bl/6j mice to infection with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv). beige mice are more susceptible to lethal infection and develop 33- to 43-fold higher virus titers in the liver, spleen, and kidney than do bg/+ mice after a sublethal infection, although virus replication is the ... | 1981 | 6272291 |
| activity of trifluorothymidine against cytomegalovirus. | trifluorothymidine (tft) was tested for antiviral activity against mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) and human cytomegalovirus (hcmv) in one-step replication assays. the tft concentration required to reduce virus yield by 50% (id50) was 0.22 microm for mcmv and 0.012 microm for hcmv. the antiviral activity of tft against mcmv was reversed by addition of equimolar thymidine, and no antiviral activity was demonstrable in a host cell line lacking thymidine kinase. thus, tft's anti-mcmv activity is depen ... | 1981 | 6272627 |
| murine cytomegalovirus particle types in relation to sources of virus and pathogenicity. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) preparations from mouse embryo fibroblasts and from infected salivary glands were purified on potassium tartrate density gradients and examined by electron microscopy. the cell culture virus contained multicapsid enveloped virions which are ruptured easily and account for the excess number of free capsids in these preparations. salivary gland virus consisted of single-capsid enveloped virus and equal numbers of free capsids. particle types were imperfectly separated ... | 1981 | 6275029 |
| leukaemia reactivates mouse cytomegalovirus. | an established model for latency by mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was used to assess the effects of leukaemia on reactivation of mcmv. after inoculation of 400 spleen focus-forming units of friend leukaemia virus (flv), a significant number of mice yielded mcmv in salivary glands and kidneys 4 to 5 weeks later. administration of cyclophosphamide during flv infection increased the percentage of mcmv-positive animals. these results suggest that cytomegalovirus infections in leukaemic patients may r ... | 1980 | 6262442 |
| alteration of murine mammary tumor metastasis and growth by cytomegalovirus infection. | host resistance to the development of metastatic lesions is complex and involves both lymphocyte and macrophage functions. studies in both humans and animals have suggested that cytomegalovirus infection may alter these components of the defense mechanism of the host. in the present study, an experimental model was developed to determine whether cytomegalovirus infection would affect host resistance to the establishment of metastatic tumor nodules in the lungs of c3h mice after i.v. inoculation ... | 1980 | 6258788 |
| activation of latent murine cytomegalovirus in vivo and in vitro: a pathogenetic role for acute infection. | many cytomegalovirus (cmv) infections result from activation of virus previously latent in the host. murine models of latent cmv infection have been developed in which latent virus can be activated in vivo by immunosuppression or by coculture of splenic lymphocytes in vitro. in the present study, latent murine cmv (mcmv) could be activated from lymphocytes of mice regardless of genetic strain, age at time of virus inoculation, or use of syngeneic or allogeneic fibroblasts for coculture. after in ... | 1982 | 6281340 |
| activation of an endogenous mouse type c virus by uv-irradiated murine cytomegalovirus. | infection of kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed non-producer balb-3t3 mouse cells with uv-irradiated mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) resulted in activation of a xenotropic type c virus detected by infectious center formation in permissive rat or mink cells. the levels of type c virus activated by mcmv were related to the uv dose applied. under optimal conditions the frequencies of activation varied from 3.0 to 8.0 x 10(-4). the capacity of mcmv to activate type c virus was abolished by heat inactiva ... | 1982 | 6282767 |
| neutralization of different strains of murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-effect of in vitro passage. | two strains of mouse cytomegalovirus (mcmv) propagated in mouse salivary glands could be distinguished in neutralization tests. cell (mouse embryo fibroblast)-passaged virus of either strain was generally 10-20 times easier to neutralize than virus produced in mouse salivary glands. evidence was obtained that mouse immunoglobulin was attached to virus particles in salivary gland preparations. first, antibody to mouse immunoglobulin inactivated salivary gland virus but not cell culture-grown viru ... | 1981 | 6171240 |
| pathogenesis of murine cytomegalovirus infection in natural killer cell-depleted mice. | the effect of natural killer (nk) cells on the course of acute and persistent murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection was examined by selectively depleting nk cell activity by inoculation of mice with antibody to asialo gm1, a neutral glycosphingolipid present at high concentrations on nk cells. the dose of mcmv required to cause 50% mortality or morbidity in control c57bl/6 mice dropped 4- and greater than 11-fold, respectively, in mice first treated with anti-asialo gm1. nk cell-depleted mice ... | 1984 | 6207307 |
| replication of murine cytomegalovirus in reproductive tissues. | murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) was found in preproductive tissues of newborn mice acutely infected with this virus. using 3h-labeled complementary rna (crna) probe made from mcmv dna, viral genetic material clearly occupied ovarian stromal cells surrounding the follicular region but not cells of the follicle or cells in the outer tunic layers. in the testes, squamous epithelial cells external to the tunica albuginea harbored viral genetic material. the immaturity of germ line cells in testes of o ... | 1980 | 6243206 |
| effects of antiviral agents on murine cytomegalovirus-induced macrophage dysfunction. | infection of murine peritoneal macrophages with murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) led to disruption of phagocytosis. this alteration of cellular behavior appeared to be an early event in viral replication appearing 24 to 36 h before virus production and 84 to 108 h before cell death. the effects of a variety of antiviral agents on both mcmv replication and mcmv-induced depression of phagocytosis were evaluated in vitro. although all compounds thought to act by preventing viral dna replication inhibi ... | 1982 | 6284645 |
| adverse effects of cytomegalovirus vaccination in mice. | studies of live attenuated cytomegalovirus (cmv) vaccine have recently been initiated in man. the possibilities of latent infection and disease resulting from reactivation of vaccine virus are major concerns. because markers for attenuation of tissue culture-passaged mouse cmv (mcmv) exist, studies of potential adverse effects of vaccination were initiated in mice. plaque-purified mcmv was passed 12 times in cell culture ("vaccine virus") and shown to be attenuated by virtue of loss of lethality ... | 1980 | 6244333 |
| natural cytotoxicity of murine cytomegalovirus-infected cells mediated by mouse lymphoid cells: role of interferon in the endogenous natural cytotoxicity reaction. | lymphoid cells from unstimulated normal c57bl/6j mice were shown to lyse murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv)-infected syngeneic mouse embryo fibroblasts but not uninfected mouse embryo fibroblasts. this cytotoxicity by mouse effector cells was not restricted to mcmv-infected syngeneic cells since mcmv-infected xenogeneic rat heart fibroblasts were also lysed. characterization of the effector cells mediating this cytotoxicity against mcmv-infected cells indicated that the effector cells are similar to ... | 1982 | 6172385 |
| murine cytomegalovirus infection: hematological, morphological, and functional study of lymphoid cells. | mice were studied for 3 to 4 months after murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) infection. serial hematological parameters were evaluated. it was found that mcmv infection of mice were accompanied by the appearance of many atypical lymphocytes similar to those seen in association with the hematological features of mononucleosis associated with human cmv infection. certain functions of splenocytes were studied in infected and uninfected animals during the 4 months after mcmv infection. three periods were ... | 1981 | 6266966 |