Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year(sorted descending) Filter | PMID Filter |
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| serological survey of foot-and-mouth disease virus in buffaloes (syncerus caffer) in zambia. | a study was conducted to determine the serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdv) circulating in african buffaloes (syncerus caffer) from selected areas in zambia. sera and probang samples were collected between 2011 and 2012 and analysed for presence of antibodies against fmdv while probang samples were used to isolate the fmdv by observing cytopathic effect (cpe). samples with cpe were further analysed using antigen elisa. high fmd seroprevalence was observed and antibodies to all the ... | 2015 | 26347208 |
| complete genome sequence analysis of a vaccine strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o from pakistan. | sequencing and subsequent analysis of a vaccine strain of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o is reported here. genomic heterogeneity in the protective epitopes (vp1 protein) of the reported strain, compared to characterized strains and available sequences from pakistan, warrants further studies to determine vaccine-induced immunity and disease protection. | 2015 | 26337880 |
| serotype-specific transmission and waning immunity of endemic foot-and-mouth disease virus in cameroon. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes morbidity and mortality in a range of animals and threatens local economies by acting as a barrier to international trade. the outbreak in the united kingdom in 2001 that cost billions to control highlighted the risk that the pathogen poses to agriculture. in response, several mathematical models have been developed to parameterize and predict both transmission dynamics and optimal disease control. however, a lack of understanding of the multi-strain et ... | 2015 | 26327324 |
| translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna: factors influencing alternative aug selection. | the mechanism of alternative aug usage in foot-and-mouth disease virus is not completely understood. using simple computational approaches, we evaluated the contributions of overall codon bias, quantitative codon bias, and %gc of the region between the two alternative augs, region-la, as well as the nucleotide bias of the sequence context flanking each aug with respect to translation initiation efficiency. for all serotypes of this virus, we found that only a small component of the effect of rna ... | 2015 | 26681026 |
| tongue epithelium cells from shrna mediated transgenic goat show high resistance to foot and mouth disease virus. | foot and mouth disease induced by foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) is severe threat to cloven-hoofed domestic animals. the gene 3dpol in fmdv genome encodes the viral rna polymerase, a vital element for fmdv replication. in this study, a conserved 3d-7414shrna targeting fmdv-3dpol gene was designed and injected into pronuclear embryos to produce the transgenic goats. sixty-one goats were produced, of which, seven goats positively integrated 3d-7414shrna. loss of function assay demonstrated th ... | 2015 | 26671568 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid antigen detection and serotyping lateral flow antigen detection system for foot-and-mouth disease virus. | we developed a lateral flow strip using monoclonal antibodies (mabs) which allows for rapid antigen detection and serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). this fmdv serotyping strip was able to detect all 7 serotypes and distinguish serotypes o, a, c and asia1. its sensitivities ranged from 10(3) to 10(4) of a 50% tissue culture infectious dose of each fmdv stain; this is equal to those of the commercial product svanodip (boehringer ingelheim svanova, uppsala, sweden), which can detect ... | 2015 | 26270053 |
| marker vaccine potential of foot-and-mouth disease virus with large deletion in the non-structural proteins 3a and 3b. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious, economically important disease of transboundary importance. regular vaccination with chemically inactivated fmd vaccine is the major means of controlling the disease in endemic countries like india. however, the traditional inactivated vaccines may sometimes contain traces of fmd viral (fmdv) non-structural protein (nsp), therefore, interfering with the nsp-based serological discrimination between infected and vaccinated animals. the availabil ... | 2015 | 26260689 |
| virus-resistant pigs might help to stem next outbreak. | by genetically engineering pigs to degrade a crucial viral protein, livestock can be made less susceptible to foot and mouth disease virus. | 2015 | 26222499 |
| megaprimer-mediated capsid swapping for the construction of custom-engineered chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious, economically important disease of transboundary importance. regular vaccination with chemically inactivated fmd vaccine is the major means of controlling the disease in endemic countries like india. however, the selection of appropriate candidate vaccine strain and its adaptation in cell culture to yield high titer of virus is a cumbersome process. an attractive approach to circumvent this tedious process is to replace the capsid coding sequen ... | 2015 | 26303897 |
| synthesis and in-vitro evaluation of 2-amino-4-arylthiazole as inhibitor of 3d polymerase against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious vesicular disease of livestock caused by a highly variable rna virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). one of the targets to suppress expansion of and to control fmd is 3d polymerase (fmdv 3dpol). in this study, 2-amino-4-arylthiazole derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity against fmdv 3dpol. among them, compound 20i exhibited the most potent functional inhibition (ic50 = 0.39 μm) of fmdv 3d polymerase and ... | 2015 | 26301555 |
| xylaria hypoxylon lectin as adjuvant elicited tfh cell responses. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) caused by fmd virus (fmdv) is a major health and economic problem in the farming industry. vaccination of livestock against this highly infectious viral disease is crucial, and inactivated fmd vaccine has been effective at controlling infection. however, accumulated data show that the inactivated vaccine generates weak immune responses and that the oil formulation results in undesirable side effects. mushroom lectins have recently been shown to display adjuvant effec ... | 2015 | 26289530 |
| development and characterization of probe-based real time quantitative rt-pcr assays for detection and serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease viruses circulating in west eurasia. | rapid and accurate diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and virus serotyping are of paramount importance for control of this disease in endemic areas where vaccination is practiced. ideally this virus characterization should be achieved without the need for virus amplification in cell culture. due to the heterogeneity of fmd viruses (fmdvs) in different parts of the world, region specific diagnostic tests are required. in this study, hydrolysable probe-based real time reverse transcription ... | 2015 | 26270532 |
| influence of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/chn/mya98/33-p strain leader protein on viral replication and host innate immunity. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) o/chn/mya98/33-p strain was isolated from the esophageal-pharyngeal fluid sample of cattle, and was shown to cause persistent infection. its leader protein contains 200 amino acids with one amino acid deletion, which is upstream and next to the second initiation codon compared with the majority of fmdv mya98 strains. the fmdv genome includes two initiation codons that can produce two different leader proteins, lab (from the first aug) and lb (from the second a ... | 2015 | 26186028 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of bhk-21 cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia 1. | stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (silac) was used to quantitatively study the host cell gene expression profile, in order to achieve an unbiased overview of the protein expression changes in bhk-21 cells infected with fmdv serotype asia 1. the silac-based approach identified overall 2,141 proteins, 153 of which showed significant alteration in the expression level 6 h post fmdv infection (57 up-regulated and 96 down-regulated). among these proteins, six cellular proteins, ... | 2015 | 26161868 |
| efficacy of a high potency o1 manisa monovalent vaccine against heterologous challenge with a fmdv o mya98 lineage virus in pigs 4 and 7 days post vaccination. | early protection with a high potency (>6pd50) foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) o1 manisa (middle-east south asia lineage) vaccine against challenge with o/vit/2010 (o mya98 lineage) was tested in pigs. only two pigs that were vaccinated seven days prior to challenge had any demonstrable antibodies as a result of vaccination at the time of challenge. however, 80% and 60% of pigs that were vaccinated seven and four days prior to coronary band challenge were protected. vaccination significantly reduced ... | 2015 | 25917677 |
| viral bimolecular fluorescence complementation: a novel tool to study intracellular vesicular trafficking pathways. | the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) accessory protein nef interacts with a multitude of cellular proteins, manipulating the host membrane trafficking machinery to evade immune surveillance. nef interactions have been analyzed using various in vitro assays, co-immunoprecipitation studies, and more recently mass spectrometry. however, these methods do not evaluate nef interactions in the context of viral infection nor do they define the sub-cellular location of these interactions. in t ... | 2015 | 25915798 |
| expression of porcine mx1 with fmdv ires enhances the antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus in pk-15 cells. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the most contagious pathogen in cloven-hoofed (two-toed) animals. due to the rapid replication and spread of fmdv, novel therapeutic strategies are greatly needed to reduce or block fmdv shedding in cases of disease outbreak. here, we generated an ires-mx1 construct in which the internal ribosome entry site (ires) of fmdv was inserted between the promoter and open reading frame (orf) of porcine myxovirus resistance protein 1 (pomx1). this construct provides ... | 2015 | 26047650 |
| robust protection against highly virulent foot-and-mouth disease virus in swine by combination treatment with recombinant adenoviruses expressing porcine alpha and gamma interferons and multiple small interfering rnas. | because the currently available vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) provide no protection until 4 to 7 days postvaccination, the only alternative method to halt the spread of the fmd virus (fmdv) during outbreaks is the application of antiviral agents. combination treatment strategies have been used to enhance the efficacy of antiviral agents, and such strategies may be advantageous in overcoming viral mechanisms of resistance to antiviral treatments. we have developed recombinant aden ... | 2015 | 26041279 |
| chuanminshen violaceum polysaccharides improve the immune responses of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in mice. | water-soluble polysaccharides from chuanminshen violaceum (cvps) were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, monosaccharide composition, and adjuvant potential to specific cellular and humoral immune responses in a mouse model of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vaccination. the average molecular weight (mw) of the cvps was 968.31 kda. the monosaccharide components of the cvps was rhamnose, arabinose, fucose, mannose, glucose, and galactose with a relative mass of 6.29%, 21.87%, 16.5 ... | 2015 | 25934108 |
| intra-serotype sat2 chimeric foot-and-mouth disease vaccine protects cattle against fmdv challenge. | the genetic diversity of the three southern african territories (sat) types of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) reflects high antigenic variation, and indications are that vaccines targeting each sat-specific topotype may be needed. this has serious implications for control of fmd using vaccines as well as the choice of strains to include in regional antigen banks. here, we investigated an intra-serotype chimeric virus, vsat2(zim14)-sat2, which was engineered by replacing the surface-exposed ... | 2015 | 25930116 |
| establishment of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection in mdbk cells. | in addition to acute infection and disease, foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) can cause persistent infection in ruminants. such "carrier" animals represent a potential risk for fmdv transmission to susceptible animals. however, the mechanisms and the factors that determine fmdv persistence remain unknown. we describe here the establishment of fmdv type o persistent infection in a bovine epithelial cell line (madin-darby bovine kidney; mdbk). preliminary experiments to assess the permissivity o ... | 2015 | 26215440 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus infection of dendritic cells triggers phosphorylation of erk1/2 inducing class i presentation and apoptosis. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. this pathology is caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). over time, the development of vaccines to prevent the spread of this illness became essential. vaccines currently used contain the inactivated form of the virus. however, vaccination generates an immune response different to that induced by the infection. we investigated whether these differences are related to intracellular mechanisms on de ... | 2015 | 26212005 |
| development of protective immunity against inactivated iranian isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o/irn/2007 using gamma ray-irradiated vaccine on balb/c mice and guinea pigs. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a highly contagious disease in cloven-hoofed animals and is the most damaging disease of livestock worldwide, leading to great economic losses. the aim of this research was the inactivation of fmdv type o/irn/1/2007 to produce a gamma ray-irradiated (gri) vaccine in order to immunize mice and guinea pigs. | 2015 | 26202581 |
| quantification of transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus caused by an environment contaminated with secretions and excretions from infected calves. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infected animals can contaminate the environment with their secretions and excretions. to quantify the contribution of a contaminated environment to the transmission of fmdv, this study used calves that were not vaccinated and calves that were vaccinated 1 week prior to inoculation with the virus in direct and indirect contact experiments. in direct contact experiments, contact calves were exposed to inoculated calves in the same room. in indirect contact expe ... | 2015 | 25928658 |
| a computational study of the interaction of the foot and mouth disease virus vp1 with monoclonal antibodies. | foot and mouth disease is caused by a non-enveloped virus (fmdv), which disposes several antigenic sites at the surface of their capsid proteins. the most relevant and immunodominant antigenic site of fmdv (site a or ansa) includes a key virus-cell interaction element (rgd motif) located in the viral protein 1 (vp1), more precisely at the gh loop. ansa includes a set of overlapped and mainly linear epitopes, which are the main targets of the humoral immune response. taking advantage over specifi ... | 2015 | 26093030 |
| sat2 foot and mouth disease (fmd) outbreak in a mixed farm in egypt. | a dairy farm keeping holstein cattle and buffaloes in the menoufia governorate was investigated during and after the last foot and mouth disease (fmd) outbreak in egypt (starting february 2012) to determine the impact of the outbreak on animals as well as to assess some factors that might have helped to spread the disease in the investigated farm. all animals were vaccinated against fmd with the locally produced bivalent vaccine containing o1 and a/egy/2006 strains two months before the onset of ... | 2015 | 26054223 |
| evolutionary dynamics of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/me-sa/ind2001 lineage. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus serotype o ind2001 lineage within the middle east-south asia topotype is the major cause of recent fmd incidences in india. a sub-lineage of ind2001 caused severe outbreaks in the southern region of the country during 2013 and also reported for the first time from libya. in this study, we conducted a detailed evolutionary analysis of ind2001 lineage. phylogenetic analysis of ind2001 lineage based on maximum likelihood method revealed two major splits and three ... | 2015 | 26049591 |
| the longevity of anti nsp antibodies and the sensitivity of a 3abc elisa - a 3 years follow up of repeatedly vaccinated dairy cattle infected by foot and mouth disease virus. | elisa tests for detection of anti nsp antibodies are extensively used in surveys estimating exposure of livestock to foot and mouth disease virus as a part of endemic and post epidemic surveillance programs. yet, estimation of the longevity of anti nsp antibodies in naturally infected cattle and the sensitivity of elisa tests based on them were rarely studied to date. our research aim was to estimate the long term (up to 1118 days after exposure) change in levels of anti nsp antibodies in dairy ... | 2015 | 25937314 |
| a positively charged lysine residue at vp2 131 position allows for the enhanced adaptability of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a in bhk-21 cells. | field outbreak strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infect host cells through certain arg-gly-asp (rgd) dependent integrin family of cellular receptors. in contrast, fmdv adapted in non-host cell cultures are reported to acquire the ability to infect cells via heparin sulphate (hs) or other unidentified cell surface molecules. it has been reported that during the serial passage of fmdv serotype a in bhk-21 cell culture, vp2 e131k (e2131k) substitution was fixed within the heparin sulph ... | 2015 | 25439090 |
| establishment and evaluation of a murine ανβ3-integrin-expressing cell line with increased susceptibility to foot-and-mouth disease virus. | integrin ανβ3 plays a major role in various signaling pathways, cell apoptosis, and tumor angiogenesis. to examine the functions and roles of ανβ3 integrin, a stable cho-677 cell line expressing the murine ανβ3 heterodimer (designated as "cho-677-mανβ3" cells) was established using a highly efficient lentiviral-mediated gene transfer technique. integrin subunits αν and β3 were detected at the gene and protein levels by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa), r ... | 2015 | 25643796 |
| bovine genome-wide association study for genetic elements to resist the infection of foot-and-mouth disease in the field. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and causes severe economic loss and devastating effect on international trade of animal or animal products. since fmd outbreaks have recently occurred in some asian countries, it is important to understand the relationship between diverse immunogenomic structures of host animals and the immunity to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). we performed genome wide association study based on high-density bovine ... | 2015 | 25557811 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype sat 3 in long-horned ankole calf, uganda. | after a 16-year interval, foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype sat 3 was isolated in 2013 from an apparently healthy long-horned ankole calf that grazed close to buffalo in uganda. the emergent virus strain is ≈20% different in nucleotide sequence (encoding vp1 [viral protein 1]) from its closest relatives isolated previously from buffalo in uganda. | 2015 | 25531186 |
| protective immune response to liposome adjuvanted high potency foot-and-mouth disease vaccine in indian cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccines applied for prophylactic use in endemic areas provide short-lived immunity requiring regular boosters. indian fmd control program recommends twice a year vaccination. development of high potency vaccines that provide better immune response can singificantly contribute to control programme by reducing the frequency of vaccination. the present study explores new adjuvants to enhance the protective efficacy of inactivated trivalent fmd vaccines. | 2015 | 25528522 |
| genetic and immunologic relationships between vaccine and field strains for vaccine selection of type a foot-and-mouth disease virus circulating in east asia. | of the seven known serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), type a has the most diverse variations. genetic variations also occur frequently at vp1, vp2, vp3, and vp4 because these proteins constitute the viral capsid. the structural proteins of fmdv, which are closely related to immunologic correlations, are the most easily analyzed because they have highly accessible information. in this study we analyzed the type a vaccine viruses by alignment of available sequences in order to find ... | 2015 | 25528521 |
| local rna flexibility perturbation of the ires element induced by a novel ligand inhibits viral rna translation. | the internal ribosome entry site (ires) element located at the 5'untranslated genomic region of various rna viruses mediates cap-independent initiation of translation. picornavirus ires activity is highly dependent on both its structural organization and its interaction with host factors. small molecules able to interfere with rna function are valuable candidates for antiviral agents. here we show that a small molecule based on benzimidazole (irab) inhibited foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) i ... | 2015 | 25775053 |
| the ph stability of foot-and-mouth disease virus particles is modulated by residues located at the pentameric interface and in the n terminus of vp1. | the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the etiological agent of a highly contagious disease that affects important livestock species. the fmdv capsid is highly acid labile, and viral particles lose infectivity due to their disassembly at ph values slightly below neutrality. this acid sensitivity is related to the mechanism of viral uncoating and genome penetration from endosomes. in this study, we have analyzed the molecular basis of fmdv acid-induced disassembly by isolating an ... | 2015 | 25762735 |
| immunoreactivity and trypsin sensitivity of recombinant virus-like particles of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is an important infection affecting the health and productivity of cloven-hoofed livestock. development of improved vaccines and diagnostic reagents is being explored to facilitate the disease control. there is an emerging interest in virus-like particles (vlps), as their constituent structural proteins are the major immunogens. the vlps are similar to natural virus particles but lack viral nucleic acid. the objective of the present study was to express the vlps of f ... | 2015 | 25790055 |
| characterization of foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdvs) from ugandan cattle outbreaks during 2012-2013: evidence for circulation of multiple serotypes. | to investigate the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotypes circulating in uganda's cattle population, both serological and virological analyses of samples from outbreaks that occurred during 2012-2013 were performed. altogether, 79 sera and 60 oropharyngeal fluid (op)/tissue/oral swab samples were collected from herds with reported fmd outbreaks in seven different ugandan districts. overall, 61/79 (77%) of the cattle sera were positive for antibodies against fmdv by priocheck fmdv ns elisa ... | 2015 | 25664876 |
| early protection in sheep against intratypic heterologous challenge with serotype o foot-and-mouth disease virus using high-potency, emergency vaccine. | in 2009-2011, spread of a serotype o foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) belonging to the south east asia topotype led to the culling of over 3.5 million cattle and pigs in japan and korea. the o1 manisa vaccine (belonging to the middle east-south asian topotype) was used at high potency in korea to limit the expansion of the outbreak. however, no data are available on the spread of this virus or the efficacy of the o1 manisa vaccine against this virus in sheep. in this study, the early protecti ... | 2015 | 25483241 |
| vaccination of cattle only is sufficient to stop fmdv transmission in mixed populations of sheep and cattle. | we quantified the transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mixed cattle-sheep populations and the effect of different vaccination strategies. the (partial) reproduction ratios (r) in groups of non-vaccinated and vaccinated cattle and/or sheep were estimated from (published) transmission experiments. a 4 × 4 next-generation matrix (ngm) was constructed using these estimates. the dominant eigenvalue of the ngm, the r for a mixed population, was determined for populations with different prop ... | 2015 | 25464822 |
| pan-serotype diagnostic for foot-and-mouth disease using the consensus antigen of nonstructural protein 3b. | an amino acid consensus sequence for the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) nonstructural protein 3b, including all three contiguous repeats, and its use in the development of a pan-serotype diagnostic test for all seven fmdv serotypes are described. the amino acid consensus sequence of the 3b protein was determined from a multiple-sequence alignment of 125 sequences of 3b. the consensus 3b (c3b) protein was expressed as a soluble recombinant fusion protein with maltose-bindi ... | 2015 | 25788546 |
| robust expression of heterologous genes by selection marker fusion system in improved chlamydomonas strains. | chlamydomonas is a very attractive candidate plant cell factory. however, its main drawback is the difficulty to find the transformants that robustly express heterologous genes randomly inserted in the nuclear genome. we previously showed that domestic squalene synthase (sqs) gene of chlamydomonas was much more efficiently overexpressed in a mutant strain [uv-mediated mutant (uvm) 4] than in wild type. in this study, we evaluated the possibility of a new mutant strain, met1, which contains a tag ... | 2015 | 25660568 |
| construction and characterization of yeast two-hybrid cdna library derived from lfbk cell line. | the cdna libraries are indispensable and critical tools for performing protein-protein interaction studies. in this study, a high quality yeast two-hybrid cdna library from the lfbk cell line was constructed and characterized. lfbk cell line was originally derived from the swine kidney cells and is highly susceptible to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection. the total rna was extracted from the lfbk cells and the switching mechanism at the 5' end of rna template (smart) technique was emp ... | 2015 | 25787111 |
| antigenic and genetic comparison of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o indian vaccine strain, o/ind/r2/75 against currently circulating viruses. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus serotype o is the most common cause of fmd outbreaks in india and three of the six lineages that have been described are most frequently detected, namely ind2001, panasia and panasia 2. we report the full capsid sequence of 21 serotype o viruses isolated from india between 2002 and 2012. all these viruses belong to the middle east-south asia (me-sa) topotype. the serological cross-reactivity of a bovine post-vaccination serum pool raised against the current ind ... | 2015 | 25500306 |
| evolutionary non-linear modelling for selecting vaccines against antigenically variable viruses. | in vitro and in vivo selection of vaccines is time consuming, expensive and the selected vaccines may not be able to provide protection against broad-spectrum viruses because of emerging antigenically novel disease strains. a powerful computational model that incorporates these protein/dna or rna level fluctuations can effectively predict antigenically variant strains, and can minimize the amount of resources spent on exclusive serological testing of vaccines and make wide spectrum vaccines poss ... | 2015 | 25414361 |
| viquas: an improved reconstruction pipeline for viral quasispecies spectra generated by next-generation sequencing. | the combined effect of a high replication rate and the low fidelity of the viral polymerase in most rna viruses and some dna viruses results in the formation of a viral quasispecies. uncovering information about quasispecies populations significantly benefits the study of disease progression, antiviral drug design, vaccine design and viral pathogenesis. we present a new analysis pipeline called viquas for viral quasispecies spectrum reconstruction using short next-generation sequencing reads. vi ... | 2015 | 25398613 |
| modification of a salmonid alphavirus replicon vector for enhanced expression of heterologous antigens. | a salmonid alphavirus (sav) replicon has been developed to express heterologous antigens but protein production was low to modest compared with terrestrial alphavirus replicons. in this study, we have compared several modifications to a sav replicon construct and analysed their influence on foreign gene expression. we found that an insertion of a translational enhancer consisting of the n-terminal 102 nt of the capsid gene, together with a nucleotide sequence encoding the foot-and-mouth disease ... | 2015 | 25395591 |
| foot-and-mouth disease vaccination induces cross-reactive ifn-γ responses in cattle that are dependent on the integrity of the 140s particles. | interferon-γ (ifn-γ) recall responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in fmd vaccinated cattle are utilized to study t-lymphocyte immunity against this virus. here, a recall ifn-γ assay based on a commercial elisa was set up using 308 samples from naïve and vaccinated cattle. the assay was used to study cross-reactive responses between different fmdv vaccine strains. blood samples from cattle immunized with monovalent vaccines containing a24/cruzeiro/brazil/55, a/argentina/2001 or o1 ... | 2015 | 25496826 |
| [construction and characterization of an epitope-mutated asia 1 type foot-and-mouth disease virus]. | to generate an epitope-mutated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) as a marker vaccine, the infectious clone pasia 1-fmdv containing the complete genomic cdna of asia 1 type fmdv was used as backbone, the residues at positions 27 and 31 in the 3d gene were mutated (h27y and n31r). the resulting plasmid pasia 1-fmdv-3dm encoding a mutated epitope was transfected into bhk-21 cells and the recombinant virus rasia 1-3dm was rescued. the recombinant virus showed similar biological characteristics com ... | 2015 | 26021083 |
| impact of foot-and-mouth disease on mastitis and culling on a large-scale dairy farm in kenya. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is a highly transmissible viral infection of cloven hooved animals associated with severe economic losses when introduced into fmd-free countries. information on the impact of the disease in fmdv-endemic countries is poorly characterised yet essential for the prioritisation of scarce resources for disease control programmes. a fmd (virus serotype sat2) outbreak on a large-scale dairy farm in nakuru county, kenya provided an opportunity to evaluate the impact of fmd o ... | 2015 | 25889460 |
| development of a non-infectious encapsidated positive control rna for molecular assays to detect foot-and-mouth disease virus. | positive controls are an important component of the quality-control of molecular tests used for diagnosis of livestock diseases. for high consequence agents such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), the positive controls required to monitor template extraction, reverse transcription and amplification steps usually consist of material derived from infectious viruses. therefore, their production is dependent upon the use of high containment facilities and their deployment carries the risks asso ... | 2015 | 25864934 |
| quantitative single dilution liquid phase blocking elisa for sero-monitoring of foot-and-mouth disease in india. | three of the seven serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus are prevailing in india. a massive vaccination campaign is on to control and eradicate the disease from the country. however, fmd vaccines provide short term immunity, hence regular assessment of antibody level in the vaccinated herds is indispensible for the success of the control programme. the antibodies are quantitatively estimated, either by virus neutralization test or by end-point dilution liquid-phase-blocking elisa (lpbe ... | 2015 | 25911541 |
| capsid coding region diversity of re-emerging lineage c foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia1 from india. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia1 was first reported in india in 1951, where three major genetic lineages (b, c and d) of this serotype have been described until now. in this study, the capsid protein coding region of serotype asia1 viruses (n = 99) from india were analyzed, giving importance to the viruses circulating since 2007. all of the isolates (n = 50) recovered during 2007-2013 were found to group within the re-emerging cluster of lineage c (designated as sublineage c(r) ... | 2015 | 26008211 |
| risk factors for infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus in a cattle population vaccinated with a non-purified vaccine in iran. | in this study, we estimated the level of foot-and-mouth (fmd) virus infection in a cattle-dense north-western province of islamic republic of iran and analyzed putative risk factors for fmd infection. calves (6-24 months of age) from all 17 districts of west azerbaijan were tested for antibodies against non-structural proteins (nsp-ab) of fmd virus. a proportional stratification with a minimum of 30 epi-units was applied for 3 different husbandry systems: villages, dairy and mixed farms. within ... | 2015 | 25805320 |
| multifunctionality of a picornavirus polymerase domain: nuclear localization signal and nucleotide recognition. | the n-terminal region of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 3d polymerase contains the sequence mrktklapt (residues 16 to 24) that acts as a nuclear localization signal. a previous study showed that substitutions k18e and k20e diminished the transport to the nucleus of 3d and 3cd and severely impaired virus infectivity. these residues have also been implicated in template binding, as seen in the crystal structures of different 3d-rna elongation complexes. here, we report the biochemical and ... | 2015 | 25903341 |
| evolutionary analysis of structural protein gene vp1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype asia 1. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype asia 1 was mostly endemic in asia and then was responsible for economically important viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, but the study on its selection and evolutionary process is comparatively rare. in this study, we characterized 377 isolates from asia collected up until 2012, including four vaccine strains. maximum likelihood analysis suggested that the strains circulating in asia were classified into 8 different groups (groups i-viii) or were ... | 2015 | 25793223 |
| serotyping of foot and mouth disease virus and pasteurella multocida from indian gaurs (bos gaurus), concurrently infected with foot and mouth disease and haemorrhagic septicaemia. | we report the serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and pasteurella multocida from indian gaurs which were concurrently infected with foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) and haemorrhagic septicaemia. bannerghatta biological park (bbp), a national park located in the outskirts of bengaluru city, karnataka, india, is bordered by several villages. these villages witnessed massive outbreaks of fmd which spread rapidly to the herbivores at bbp. post-mortem was conducted on carcasses of two india ... | 2015 | 25894817 |
| transmission characteristics and optimal diagnostic samples to detect an fmdv infection in vaccinated and non-vaccinated sheep. | we wanted to quantify transmission of fmdv asia-1 in sheep and to evaluate which samples would be optimal for detection of an fmdv infection in sheep. for this, we used 6 groups of 4 non-vaccinated and 6 groups of 4 vaccinated sheep. in each group 2 sheep were inoculated and contact exposed to 2 pen-mates. viral excretion was detected for a long period (>21 days post-inoculation, dpi). transmission of fmdv occurred in the non-vaccinated groups (r0=1.14) but only in the first week after infection ... | 2015 | 25790732 |
| the impact of within-herd genetic variation upon inferred transmission trees for foot-and-mouth disease virus. | full-genome sequences have been used to monitor the fine-scale dynamics of epidemics caused by rna viruses. however, the ability of this approach to confidently reconstruct transmission trees is limited by the knowledge of the genetic diversity of viruses that exist within different epidemiological units. in order to address this question, this study investigated the variability of 45 foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome sequences (from 33 animals) that were collected during 2007 from eigh ... | 2015 | 25861750 |
| an appraisal on the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes in cattle and buffaloes, pakistan. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a livestock disease that has serious economic repercussions. here, we report the laboratory results for samples from suspected outbreaks that were sent for confirmation of fmd in pakistan. from january 2010 to december 2011, 132 suspected outbreaks were investigated, and samples from 58 out of the 76 outbreaks sent to the national veterinary laboratory (nvl) were positive. the highest proportion of positives were of serotype o (65.52 %), followed by serotype a (24 ... | 2015 | 25850759 |
| stabilizing effects of excipients on dissociation of intact (146s) foot-and-mouth disease virions into 12s particles during storage as oil-emulsion vaccine. | most conventional foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vaccines contain oil-adjuvant. their potency decreases upon prolonged storage. intact (146s) fmdv particles can dissociate into 12s degradation products with a concomitant decrease in immunogenicity. we therefore measured virion stability in vaccines using two previously developed elisas to separately quantify 12s and 146s particles. virions completely dissociated into 12s particles within 3 months after oil-emulsification. dissociation occur ... | 2015 | 25843267 |
| systemic foot-and-mouth disease vaccination in cattle promotes specific antibody-secreting cells at the respiratory tract and triggers local anamnestic responses upon aerosol infection. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting biungulate species. commercial vaccines, formulated with inactivated fmd virus (fmdv), are regularly used worldwide to control the disease. here, we studied the generation of antibody responses in local lymphoid tissues along the respiratory system in vaccinated and further aerosol-infected cattle. animals immunized with a high-payload monovalent fmd vaccine developed high titers of neutralizing antibodies at 7 days post ... | 2015 | 26157128 |
| isolation of novel sequences targeting highly variable viral protein hemagglutinin. | rapid evolution is a hallmark of the viral kingdom and a major concern for developing universal vaccines. the isolation of substantial numbers of viral sequence variants at highly variable viral protein domains remains a major challenge. we previously developed a combinatorial method for the isolation of novel sequences to cope with rapid viral variations at the g-h loop of foot and mouth disease virus vp1 protein [1]. here we present a modification of that method in its application in the rando ... | 2015 | 26150973 |
| development of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against the 3b protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is one of the most highly contagious and economically devastating diseases, and it severely constrains the international trade of animals. vaccination against fmd is a key element in the control of fmd. however, vaccination of susceptible animals raises critical issues, such as the differentiation of infected animals from vaccinated animals. the current study developed a reliable and rapid test to detect antibodies against the conserved, nonstructural proteins (nsps) ... | 2015 | 25651918 |
| antigenic properties and virulence of foot-and-mouth disease virus rescued from full-length cdna clone of serotype o, typical vaccine strain. | we cloned the full-length cdna of o manisa, the virus for vaccinating against foot-and-mouth disease. the antigenic properties of the virus recovered from the cdna were similar to those of the parental virus. pathogenesis did not appear in the pigs, dairy goats or suckling mice, but neutralizing antibodies were raised 5-6 days after the virus challenge. the utilization of o manisa as a safe vaccine strain will increase if recombinant viruses can be manipulated by inserting or removing a marker g ... | 2015 | 25648340 |
| how foot-and-mouth disease virus receptor mediates foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | this study reviews the fmdv receptor-binding domain, integrin receptors, and heparan sulfate receptors to provide references for studies regarding the mechanisms underlying fmdv infection. | 2015 | 25645358 |
| characterisation of recent foot-and-mouth disease viruses from african buffalo (syncerus caffer) and cattle in kenya is consistent with independent virus populations. | understanding the epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), including roles played by different hosts, is essential for improving disease control. the african buffalo (syncerus caffer) is a reservoir for the sat serotypes of fmd virus (fmdv). large buffalo populations commonly intermingle with livestock in kenya, yet earlier studies have focused on fmd in the domestic livestock, hence the contribution of buffalo to disease in livestock is largely unknown. this study analysed 47 epithelia col ... | 2015 | 25644407 |
| a new lineage of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o in india. | the complete nucleotide sequence of a new lineage of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o was determined. the lineage designated as ind2011 first appeared during 2011 in the southern region of india. excluding the poly c tract and poly a tail, the genome of ind2011 ranged from 8,169 to 8,172 nucleotides. variation in the genome length was due to insertions/deletions in lf-utr. the lineage had a higher sequence identity with lineage panasia-1 at p1 and p2 regions, and with lineage panas ... | 2015 | 26129666 |
| engineering foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o ind r2/1975 for one-step purification by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. | immobilized metal affinity chromatography (imac) allows for the efficient protein purification via metal affinity tag such as hexa-histidine (his6) sequence. to develop a new chromatography strategy for the purification and concentration of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) particles, we inserted the his6-tag at the earlier reported site in the vp1 g-h loop of the fmd virus serotype o vaccine strain ind r2/1975. display of the his6-tag on the capsid surface, endowed the virus with an increased ... | 2015 | 26123433 |
| virus excretion from foot-and-mouth disease virus carrier cattle and their potential role in causing new outbreaks. | the role of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) carrier cattle in causing new outbreaks is still a matter of debate and it is important to find out these carrier animals by post-outbreak serosurveillance to declare freedom from fmdv infection. in this study we explore the differences in viral shedding between carrier and non-carrier animals, quantify the transmission rate of fmdv infection from carriers to susceptible animals and identify potential viral determinants of viral persistence. we col ... | 2015 | 26110772 |
| different functional sensitivity to mutation at intersubunit interfaces involved in consecutive stages of foot-and-mouth disease virus assembly. | small spherical viruses are paradigms of supramolecular self-assembly. identifying the specific structural determinants for virus assembly provides guidelines to develop new antiviral drugs or engineer modified viral particles for medical or technological applications. however, very few systematic studies have been carried out so far to identify those chemical groups at interfaces between virus capsid subunits that are important for viral assembly and function. foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv ... | 2015 | 25979732 |
| phylogenetic analysis of the leader proteinase (lpro) region of indian foot and mouth disease serotype o isolates. | in this study, the nucleotide sequences of the complete leader proteinase (lpro) region of 21 isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o collected during various outbreaks in india were sequenced and compared with vaccine strains. the phylogenetic analysis of these lpro sequences showed a difference in the clustering of the isolates based on the vp1 capsid coding region sequences. the comparison of amino acid sequences at the n terminus end of the lpro region showed very high var ... | 2015 | 25842211 |
| development of a multiplex lateral flow strip test for foot-and-mouth disease virus detection using monoclonal antibodies. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is one of the world's most highly contagious animal diseases with tremendous economic consequences. a rapid and specific test for fmd diagnosis at the site of a suspected outbreak is crucial for the implementation of control measures. this project developed a multiplex lateral flow immunochromatographic strip test (multiplex-lfi) for the rapid detection and serotyping of fmd viruses. the monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against serotypes o, a, and asia 1 were used as cap ... | 2015 | 25977185 |
| a hydrophobic interaction chromatography strategy for purification of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus. | a purification scheme based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography was developed to separate inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) from crude supernatant. about 92% recovery and 8.8-fold purification were achieved on butyl sepharose 4 ff. further purification on superdex 200 resulted in another 29-fold purification, with 92% recovery. the columns were coupled through an intermediate ultrafiltration unit to concentrate the virus. the entire process was completed in about 3.5h, with 7 ... | 2015 | 25957800 |
| risk factors for foot and mouth disease outbreaks in grazing beef cattle herds. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is considered one of the most important diseases of cattle. recurrence of fmd outbreaks in israel is common, even though routine vaccination of livestock is mandatory and control measures are applied during the outbreaks. grazing beef herds are occasionally involved in these outbreaks and play an important role in disseminating the disease, due to the large efflux of animals from these herds to feedlots. nevertheless, the risk factors for the occurrence of fmd among ... | 2015 | 25841998 |
| apigenin restricts fmdv infection and inhibits viral ires driven translational activity. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by fmd virus (fmdv). fmd outbreaks have occurred in livestock-containing regions worldwide. apigenin, which is a flavonoid naturally existing in plant, possesses various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities. results show that apigenin can inhibit fmdv-mediated cytopathogenic effect and fmdv replication in vitro. further studie ... | 2015 | 25835532 |
| determination of common genetic variants within the non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease viruses isolated in sub-saharan africa. | the non-structural proteins of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) are responsible for rna replication, proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein precursor, folding and assembly of the structural proteins and modification of the cellular translation apparatus. investigation of the amino acid heterogeneity of the non-structural proteins of seventy-nine fmdv isolates of sat1, sat2, sat3, a and o serotypes revealed between 29 and 62% amino acid variability. the leader protease (l(pro)) and 3a ... | 2015 | 25818579 |
| clinical and virological dynamics of a serotype o 2010 south east asia lineage foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep using natural and simulated natural inoculation and exposure systems. | within-host infection dynamics of a recent field isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), serotype o, topotype south east asia, lineage myamar'98 were evaluated in sheep using four different systems for virus exposure. two novel, simulated natural, inoculation systems consisting of intra-nasopharyngeal (inp) deposition and aerosol inoculation were evaluated in comparison with two conventional systems: coronary band inoculation and direct contact exposure. all four exposure systems were ef ... | 2015 | 25937316 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus 3c protease relieves traf family member-associated nf-κb activator (tank) inhibitory effect on traf6-mediated nf-κb signaling through cleavage of tank. | traf family member-associated nf-κb activator (tank) is a negative regulator of canonical nf-κb signaling in the toll-like receptor- and b-cell receptor-mediated signaling pathways. however, functions of tank in viral infection-mediated nf-κb activation remain unclear. here, we reported that tank was cleaved by encephalomyocarditis virus 3c at the 197 and 291 glutamine residues, which depends on its cysteine protease activity. in addition, encephalomyocarditis virus 3c impaired the ability of ta ... | 2015 | 26363073 |
| synthetic rnas mimicking structural domains in the foot-and-mouth disease virus genome elicit a broad innate immune response in porcine cells triggered by rig-i and tlr activation. | the innate immune system is the first line of defense against viral infections. exploiting innate responses for antiviral, therapeutic and vaccine adjuvation strategies is being extensively explored. we have previously described, the ability of small in vitro rna transcripts, mimicking the sequence and structure of different domains in the non-coding regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome (ncrnas), to trigger a potent and rapid innate immune response. these synthetic non-infec ... | 2015 | 26193305 |
| detection of african swine fever, classical swine fever, and foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine oral fluids by multiplex reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction. | african swine fever (asf), classical swine fever (csf), and foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) are highly contagious animal diseases of significant economic importance. pigs infected with asf and csf viruses (asfv and csfv) develop clinical signs that may be indistinguishable from other diseases. likewise, various causes of vesicular disease can mimic clinical signs caused by the fmd virus (fmdv). early detection is critical to limiting the impact and spread of these disease outbreaks, and the ability ... | 2015 | 25776540 |
| robust real-time reverse transcription-pcr for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus neutralizing carryover contamination. | during an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), real-time reverse transcription-pcr (rrt-pcr) is the most commonly used diagnostic method to detect viral rna. however, while this assay is often conducted during the outbreak period, there is an inevitable risk of carryover contamination. this study shows that the carryover contamination can be prevented by the use of target-specific restriction endonuclease in that assay. | 2015 | 26560537 |
| feasibility of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus-like particles as scaffold for epitope presentations. | within the last decade virus-like particles (vlps) have increasingly received attention from scientists for their use as a carrier of (peptide) molecules or as scaffold to present epitopes for use in subunit vaccines. to test the feasibility of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (ccmv) particles as a scaffold for epitope presentation and identify sites for epitope fusion or insertion that would not interfere with virus-like-particle formation, chimeric ccmv coat protein (cp) gene constructs were engi ... | 2015 | 26311254 |
| evaluation of a fiber-modified adenovirus vector vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease in cattle. | novel vaccination approaches against foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) include the use of replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) vectors that contain the capsid-encoding regions of fmd virus (fmdv). ad5 containing serotype a24 capsid sequences (ad5.a24) has proved to be effective as a vaccine against fmd in livestock species. however, ad5-vectored fmdv serotype o1 campos vaccine (ad5.o1c.2b) provides only partial protection of cattle against homologous challenge. it has been reported tha ... | 2015 | 26607309 |
| heterozygosity at the snp (rs136500299) of itgb6 receptor gene possibly influences the susceptibility among crossbred bull to foot and mouth disease infection. | zebu (bos indicus) cattle are known to be resistant against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) compared to taurine (bos taurus). to understand the susceptibility of two cattle species to fmdv infection in terms of viral receptors, the present study reports the cloning, characterization and sequence analysis of zebu itgb6 gene. the complete cds of zebu itgb6 was 2367 basepair in length with 788 amino acid residues. the zebu integrin shares common structural and functional elements with taurine a ... | 2015 | 26436121 |
| structural analysis and immunogenicity of recombinant major envelope protein (ra27l) of buffalopox virus, a zoonotic indian vaccinia-like virus. | buffalopox virus (bpxv), an indian variant of vaccinia virus (vacv), is a zoonotic agent and affects buffaloes, cattle and humans. a27l is one of the conserved major immuno-dominant envelope proteins of orthopox viruses (opvs) involved in viral entry/maturation and elicits neutralizing antibodies. in this study, the a27l gene of bpxv-vij/96 strain encoding recombinant mature a27l (21s to e110) and c-terminal truncated a27l-lzd (21s to n84aa) proteins were cloned and over-expressed in escherichia ... | 2015 | 26319070 |
| both foot-and-mouth disease virus and bovine viral diarrhea virus replication are inhibited by mx1 protein originated from porcine. | mx1 protein is i type interferons (ifns)-induced 76-kda guanosine triphosphatases (gtpases) that belong to the dynamin superfamily of large gtpases. mx1 proteins have attracted attention because some display antiviral activity against pathogenic rna and dna viruses. meanwhile, mx1 gene generally exists in organisms or cells of mammalian, fish and chicken. blocking a wide range of rna virus replication by inhibiting nuclear viral mrna synthesis is a unique property of mx1 protein. in order to inv ... | 2015 | 25153459 |
| plant-produced viral bovine vaccines: what happened during the last 10 years? | vaccination has proved to be an efficient strategy to deal with viral infections in both human and animal species. however, protection of cattle against viral infections is still a major concern in veterinary science. during the last two decades, the development of efficient plant-based expression strategies for recombinant proteins prompted the application of this methodology for veterinary vaccine purposes. the main goals of viral bovine vaccines are to improve the health and welfare of cattle ... | 2015 | 26250843 |
| simultaneous detection of five notifiable viral diseases of cattle by single-tube multiplex real-time rt-pcr. | multiplexed real-time pcr (qpcr) assays enable the detection of several target genes in a single reaction, which is applicable for simultaneous testing for the most important viral diseases in samples obtained from ruminants with unspecific clinical symptoms. here, reverse transcription qpcr (rt-qpcr) systems for the detection of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) and bluetongue virus (btv) were combined with an internal control system based on the beta-actin gene. additionally, a background sc ... | 2015 | 25746154 |
| prioritisation of wildlife pathogens to be targeted in european surveillance programmes: expert-based risk analysis focus on ruminants. | this study attempted to develop a list of priority pathogens. it is part of a european union (eu) project dedicated to the surveillance of emerging or re-emerging pathogens of wildlife. partners of the consortium established an initial list of 138 pathogens of concern, which was reduced to a smaller list of 65 pathogens likely to affect ruminants (i.e., the most costly animal group in the eu over the last 15 years). these 65 pathogens underwent a two-step, expert-based risk analysis: 92 experts ... | 2015 | 25496774 |
| occurrence of antibodies anti -toxoplasma gondii, neospora caninum and leptospira interrogans in a captive deer herd in southern brazil. | a large number of brazilian zoos keep many endangered species of deer, however, very few disease surveillance studies have been conducted among captive cervids. blood samples from 32 brazilian deer (blastocerus dichotomus, mazama nana and mazama americana) kept in captivity at bela vista biological sanctuary (foz do iguaçu, brazil) were investigated for 10 ruminant pathogens, with the aims of monitoring deer health status and evaluating any potential zoonotic risk. deer serum samples were tested ... | 2015 | 26689185 |
| nmr analysis of the interaction of picornaviral proteinases lb and 2a with their substrate eukaryotic initiation factor 4gii. | messenger rna is recruited to the eukaryotic ribosome by a complex including the eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4e (the cap-binding protein), the scaffold protein eif4g and the rna helicase eif4a. to shut-off host-cell protein synthesis, eif4g is cleaved during picornaviral infection by a virally encoded proteinase; the structural basis of this reaction and its stimulation by eif4e is unclear. we have structurally and biochemically investigated the interaction of purified foot-and-mouth dise ... | 2015 | 26384734 |
| bioinformatics and molecular analysis of the evolutionary relationship between bovine rhinitis a viruses and foot-and-mouth disease virus. | bovine rhinitis viruses (brvs) cause mild respiratory disease of cattle. in this study, a near full-length genome sequence of a virus named rs3x (formerly classified as bovine rhinovirus type 1), isolated from infected cattle from the uk in the 1960s, was obtained and analyzed. compared to other closely related aphthoviruses, major differences were detected in the leader protease (l(pro)), p1, 2b, and 3a proteins. phylogenetic analysis revealed that rs3x was a member of the species bovine rhinit ... | 2015 | 27081310 |
| promotion of viral ires-mediated translation initiation under mild hypothermia. | internal ribosome entry site (ires)-mediated translation is an essential replication step for certain viruses. as ires-mediated translation is regulated differently from cap-dependent translation under various cellular conditions, we sought to investigate whether temperature influences efficiency of viral ires-mediated translation initiation by using bicistronic reporter constructs containing an ires element of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), hepatitis c v ... | 2015 | 25951166 |
| cleavage efficient 2a peptides for high level monoclonal antibody expression in cho cells. | linking the heavy chain (hc) and light chain (lc) genes required for monoclonal antibodies (mab) production on a single cassette using 2a peptides allows control of lc and hc ratio and reduces non-expressing cells. four 2a peptides derived from the foot-and-mouth disease virus (f2a), equine rhinitis a virus (e2a), porcine teschovirus-1 (p2a) and thosea asigna virus (t2a), respectively, were compared for expression of 3 biosimilar igg1 mabs in chinese hamster ovary (cho) cell lines. hc and lc wer ... | 2015 | 25621616 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins of indian vaccine strain, o/ind/r2/75. | generation of recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein genes along with full-length 2b, 3b and 3c(pro) and its characterization. | 2015 | 27047064 |
| mgmt enrichment and second gene co-expression in hematopoietic progenitor cells using separate or dual-gene lentiviral vectors. | the dna repair gene o(6)-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (mgmt) allows efficient in vivo enrichment of transduced hematopoietic stem cells (hsc). thus, linking this selection strategy to therapeutic gene expression offers the potential to reconstitute diseased hematopoietic tissue with gene-corrected cells. however, different dual-gene expression vector strategies are limited by poor expression of one or both transgenes. to evaluate different co-expression strategies in the context of mgmt-m ... | 2015 | 25479595 |
| recovery of infectious type asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus from suckling mice directly inoculated with an rna polymerase i/ii-driven unidirectional transcription plasmid. | we developed an rna polymerase (pol) i- and ii-driven plasmid-based reverse genetics system to rescue infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) from cloned cdna. in this plasmid-based transfection, the full-length viral cdna was flanked by hammerhead ribozyme (hamrz) and hepatitis delta ribozyme (hdvrz) sequences, which were arranged downstream of the two promoters (cytomegalovirus (cmv) and pol i promoter) and upstream of the terminators and polyadenylation signal, respectively. the utilit ... | 2015 | 26091821 |
| characterization of single-domain antibodies against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o from a camelid and imaging of fmdv in baby hamster kidney-21 cells with single-domain antibody-quantum dots probes. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals and causes significant economic losses to husbandry worldwide. the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies (vhhs or single domain antibodies, sdabs) are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies. | 2015 | 26001568 |
| synonymous deoptimization of foot-and-mouth disease virus causes attenuation in vivo while inducing a strong neutralizing antibody response. | codon bias deoptimization has been previously used to successfully attenuate human pathogens, including poliovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus. we have applied a similar technology to deoptimize the capsid-coding region (p1) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). despite the introduction of 489 nucleotide changes (19%), synonymous deoptimization of the p1 region rendered a viable fmdv progeny. the resulting strain was stable and reached cell culture titers similar to those ... | 2015 | 26581977 |