Publications

TitleAbstractYear(sorted ascending)
Filter
PMID
Filter
recombinant bivalent vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o/a infection in guinea pig.in this study, two dna fragments encoding amino acid (141-160)-(21-140)-(141-160) of the vp1 of fmdv (foot-and-mouth disease virus) serotype o and (138-160)-(21-40)-(138-160) of the serotype a fmdv were chemically synthesized. these two tandem-repeat fragments were ligated and transfected into prokaryotic expression vector ptrchis a to construct pth-o-a. the other vector called pth-o-scigg-a was constructed similarly only that the two tandem-repeat dna fragments were linked by the bovine-igg hea ...200415346195
foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase: specificity at the p2 and p3 positions and comparison with other papain-like enzymes.the foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase (l(pro)) frees itself from the growing viral polyprotein by self-processing between its own c-terminus and the n-terminus of the subsequent protein vp4. the arglysleulys*glyalaglygln sequence is recognized. the proteinase subsequently cleaves the two isoforms of host cell protein eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4g at the alaasnleugly*argthrthrleu (eif4gi) and leuasnvalgly*serargargser (eif4gii) sequences. the enzyme does not, however, recogni ...200415350134
genome comparison of a novel foot-and-mouth disease virus with other fmdv strains.the genome of a novel foot-and-mouth disease virus, hkn/2002, was 8104 nucleotides (nt) in length (excluding the poly(c) tract and poly(a) tail) and was composed of a 1042-nt 5'-untranslated region (utr), a 6966-nt open reading frame, and a 93-nt 3'-utr. genome sequences of hkn/2002 and other known fmdv strains were compared. the vp1, vp2, and vp3-based neighbor-joining (nj) trees were divided into distinct clusters according to different serotypes, while other region-based nj trees exhibited so ...200415351730
implementation in australia of molecular diagnostic techniques for the rapid detection of foot and mouth disease virus.to evaluate and implement rapid molecular diagnostic techniques for the detection of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) suitable for use in australia.200415354851
skipping the co-expression problem: the new 2a "chysel" technology.the rapid progress in the field of genomics is increasing our knowledge of multi-gene diseases. however, any realistic hope of gene therapy treatment for those diseases needs first to address the problem of co-ordinately co-expressing several transgenes. currently, the use of internal ribosomal entry sites (iress) is the strategy chosen by many researchers to ensure co-expression. the large sizes of the iress (~0.5 kb), and the difficulties of ensuring a well-balanced co-expression, have prompte ...200415363111
[expression of fmdv vp1 protein in pichia pastoris and its immunological activity in mice].to express and identify bovine o type foot and mouth disease virus protein 1 (fmdv vp1) in yeast pichia pastoris.200415367336
molecular epidemiology of serotype o foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from cattle in ethiopia between 1979-2001.partial 1d gene characterization was used to study phylogenetic relationships between 17 serotype o foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) viruses in ethiopia as well as with other o-type isolates from eritrea, kenya, south and west africa, the middle east, asia and south america. a homologous region of 495 bp corresponding to the c-terminus end of the 1d gene was used for phylogenetic analysis. this study described three lineages, viz. african/middle east-asia, cathay and south american. within lineage i ...200415373335
preserved antigenicity of hiv-1 p24 produced and purified in high yields from plants inoculated with a tobacco mosaic virus (tmv)-derived vector.production of structural proteins from foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and bovine herpes virus (bhv-1) in nicotiana benthamiana through the use of a tobacco mosaic virus-based vector (tmv-30b) has been reported previously. the development of the tmv-30b-hisc vector, a new version that adds a c-terminal histidine (his) sequence to the foreign protein expressed is described. coding sequences from the fmdv vpl protein and the core protein, p24, from a clade c hiv-1 isolate from zambia were clon ...200415381357
sequencing and analysis for the full-length genome rna of foot-and-mouth disease virus china/99.the complete nucleotide sequence of genomic rna of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) strain china/99 from infected bovine tongue epithelium is presented. the nucleotide sequence extending from the 5' end of the genomic rna to the 5' end of poly (a) tail contains 8173 nucleotides (nt). its open reading frame, which encodes a single polypeptide of 2332 amino acids, encompasses 6999 nt starting from the initiation codon aug and terminating at the uaa codon 93 bases upstream from the 5' end of pol ...200415382679
molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad)integrins belong to the seven transmembrane protein receptor families, and the receptor is composed of an α (24 forms) and a β (8 forms) subunit that can associate in different combinations to produce at least 24 types of heterodimeric molecules as described by bandyopadhyay and raghvan (1). the integrin receptor activity is influenced by the type of constitutive α and β subunit combination, and, depending on the combination, the receptor can promote cell adhesion to fibronectin, laminins, or co ...200420641219
molecular imaging and contrast agent database (micad)integrins are a family of heterodimeric glycoproteins on cell surfaces that mediate diverse biological events involving cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions (1). integrins consist of an α and a β subunit and are important for cell adhesion and signal transduction. the αvβ3 integrin is the most prominent receptor affecting tumor growth, tumor invasiveness, metastasis, tumor-induced angiogenesis, inflammation, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis (2-7). expression of the αvβ3 integrin is stron ...200420641575
cross-inhibition to heterologous foot-and-mouth disease virus infection induced by rna interference targeting the conserved regions of viral genome.rna interference (rnai) is the process by which double-stranded rna (dsrna) directs sequence-specific degradation of messenger rna in animal and plant cells. in mammalian cells, rnai can be triggered by 21-23 nucleotide duplexes of small interfering rna (sirna). strategies to inhibit rna virus multiplication based on the use of sirnas have to consider the high genetic polymorphism exhibited by this group of virus. here we described a significant cross-inhibition of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) v ...200515866070
linear hoof defects in sheep infected with foot-and-mouth disease.during the epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in the netherlands in 2001, a sheep farm was identified that had been subclinically infected with the disease. the fmd virus genome was detected in 12 of 16 probang samples collected from the sheep and the virus was isolated from four of these samples. linear defects were observed, 1 to 3 cm from the coronary band, in the hooves of several of the sheep. the defects were thought to have been caused by the fmd infection. it was thought that the d ...200515866901
effects of multiple copies of cpg on dna vaccination.it has previously been demonstrated that a dose-dependent enhancement of immune response is derived from immunization with several copies of the cpg motif. following that lead, we sought to incorporate a higher copy number of cpg motifs into an expression construct to evaluate the augmentation of immune responses. by multiple insertions, 30 copies of the cpg motif were cloned into the backbone of an expression construct encoding the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein vp1. after i ...200515869406
transgenic plants for the production of veterinary vaccines.the expression of antigens in transgenic plants has been increasingly used in the development of experimental vaccines, particularly oriented to the development of edible vaccines. hence, this technology becomes highly suitable to express immunogenic proteins from pathogens. foot and mouth disease virus, bovine rotavirus and bovine viral diarrhoea virus are considered to be the most important causative agents of economic loss of cattle production in argentina, and they are thus optimal candidate ...200515877600
the binding of foot-and-mouth disease virus leader proteinase to eif4gi involves conserved ionic interactions.the leader proteinase (l(pro)) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) initially cleaves itself from the polyprotein. subsequently, l(pro) cleaves the host proteins eukaryotic initiation factor (eif) 4gi and 4gii. this prevents protein synthesis from capped cellular mrnas; the viral rna is still translated, initiating from an internal ribosome entry site. l(pro) cleaves eif4gi between residues g674 and r675. we showed previously, however, that l(pro) binds to residues 640-669 of eif4gi. binding w ...200515885108
rapid protection of cattle from direct challenge with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) by a single inoculation with an adenovirus-vectored fmdv subunit vaccine.we have previously demonstrated that swine vaccinated with one dose of a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (ad5) vector containing the capsid and 3c proteinase coding regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were protected when challenged 7 days later with homologous virus. in the current study, we have extended this approach to cattle, the most economically important animals susceptible to fmd. five cattle were vaccinated with the ad5-fmdv subunit vaccine and these animals and ...200515893355
utility of recombinant integrin alpha v beta6 as a capture reagent in immunoassays for the diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease.recombinant integrin alpha v beta6 was evaluated as a capture ligand in a sandwich elisa for the detection and serotyping of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus. our routinely applied method employs seven serotype-specific rabbit polyclonal antibodies as capture ligands and seven serotype-specific guinea pig polyclonal antibodies as detecting reagents. the recombinant integrin bound fmd virus of all seven serotypes but not that of another vesicular disease, swine vesicular disease (svd). consider ...200515893568
inhibition of cellular protein secretion by picornaviral 3a proteins.during poliovirus infection, anterograde traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum and the golgi is inhibited due to the action of 3a, an 87 amino acid viral protein. the ability of poliovirus protein 3a to inhibit er-to-golgi traffic is not required for virus growth. instead, we have suggested that the inhibition of host protein secretion, shown to reduce the secretion of interferon-beta, il-6, and il-8 and the expression of both newly synthesized mhc class i and tnf receptor in the plasma memb ...200515914217
induction of active immune suppression by co-immunization with dna- and protein-based vaccines.although immunization has been used for eliciting immune response, here we show that it can also induce immune suppression. when a dna vaccine encoding a viral antigen such as the vp1 protein from the foot and mouth disease virus is administered together with its recombinant protein antigen or a viral preparation containing the same antigen, the immunized animals developed significantly reduced antigen-specific t cell-mediated responses and became impaired to subsequent rechallenge with the same ...200515914231
factors required for the uridylylation of the foot-and-mouth disease virus 3b1, 3b2, and 3b3 peptides by the rna-dependent rna polymerase (3dpol) in vitro.the 5' terminus of picornavirus genomic rna is covalently linked to the virus-encoded peptide 3b (vpg). foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is unique in encoding and using 3 distinct forms of this peptide. these peptides each act as primers for rna synthesis by the virus-encoded rna polymerase 3d(pol). to act as the primer for positive-strand rna synthesis, the 3b peptides have to be uridylylated to form vpgpu(pu). for certain picornaviruses, it has been shown that this reaction is achieved by t ...200515919922
immune responses to foot-and-mouth disease dna vaccines can be enhanced by coinjection with the isatis indigotica extract.the isatis indigotica extract is widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of influenza, epidemic hepatitis, epidemic encephalitis b etc. the goal of this study was to investigate whether coinjection of the isatis indigotica extract with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) dna vaccine could increase the protective immune response. mice were vaccinated twice with either fmdv dna vaccine plus the isatis indigotica extract or dna vaccine alone. compared with the group of dna vaccine alone, ...200515920343
identification and antigenic site analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus from pigs and cattle in korea.from may to june 2002, a total of 16 foot-and mouth disease (fmd) outbreaks due to the serotype o virus, pan asia strain, were recorded in korea. the viruses were identified by antigen elisa, rt-pcr and sequence analysis. the overall nucleotide sequence divergence of the vp1 region among the 4 isolates in 2002 was 0 to 1.4%, but between o/skr/2002 and o/skr/2000 isolates was 1.9-4.9%. phylogenetic analysis with the some known strains from east asian countries showed that the 4 korean isolates in ...200515933431
several recombinant capsid proteins of equine rhinitis a virus show potential as diagnostic antigens.equine rhinitis a virus (erav) is a significant pathogen of horses and is also closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). despite these facts, knowledge of the prevalence and importance of erav infections remains limited, largely due to the absence of a simple, robust diagnostic assay. in this study, we compared the antigenicities of recombinant full-length and fragmented erav capsid proteins expressed in escherichia coli by using sera from experimentally infected and naturally expo ...200515939754
novel purification method for recombinant 3ab1 nonstructural protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus for use in differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals.an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed for differentiation of animals infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) from vaccinated animals. the test was based on a highly pure and concentrated preparation of recombinant 3ab1 protein obtained by expression in a prokaryotic system, protein separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and electro elution. experimental- and field-serum samples from naive, vaccinated, and infected cattle w ...200515945381
fmdv-2a sequence and protein arrangement contribute to functionality of cyp2b1-reporter fusion protein.two optimized forms of green fluorescence proteins (gfp), enhanced gfp (egfp) and humanized renilla gfp (hrgfp), were used to track expression of cytochrome p450 2b1 (cyp2b1), an endoplasmic reticulum membrane-bound protein. in transiently expressing hek293 cells we show that cyp2b1-gfp fusion proteins are stable and functional, whereas the vice-versa-arranged gfp-cyp2b1 fusions are not. the cyp2b1-hrgfp fusion protein is characterized by reduction in mean fluorescence intensity (mfi) to less th ...200515955524
analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus internalization events in cultured cells.it has been demonstrated that foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) can utilize at least four members of the alpha(v) subgroup of the integrin family of receptors in vitro. the virus interacts with these receptors via a highly conserved arginine-glycine-aspartic acid amino acid sequence motif located within the betag-betah loop of vp1. while there have been extensive studies of virus-receptor interactions at the cell surface, our understanding of the events during viral entry into the infected cel ...200515956593
early events in integrin alphavbeta6-mediated cell entry of foot-and-mouth disease virus.we have shown that foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection mediated by the integrin alphavbeta6 takes place through clathrin-dependent endocytosis but not caveolae or other endocytic pathways that depend on lipid rafts. inhibition of clathrin-dependent endocytosis by sucrose treatment or expression of a dominant-negative version of ap180 inhibited virus entry and infection. similarly, inhibition of endosomal acidification inhibited an early step in infection. blocking endosomal acidificati ...200515956594
structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a10 61 alone and complexed with oligosaccharide receptor: receptor conservation in the face of antigenic variation.foot-and-mouth disease viruses (fmdvs) target epithelial cells via integrin receptors, but can acquire the capacity to bind cell-surface heparan sulphate (or alternative receptors) on passage in cell culture. vaccine viruses must be propagated in cell culture and, hence, some rationale for the selection of variants in this process is important. crystal structures are available for type o, a and c viruses and also for a complex of type o strain o(1)bfs with heparin. the structure of fmdv a10(61) ...200515958669
infectious diseases. turf war halts spain's foot-and-mouth disease studies. 200515961639
patterns of spread and persistence of foot-and-mouth disease types a, o and asia-1 in turkey: a meta-population approach.despite significant control efforts, foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) persists in turkey, and new strains of serotypes a, o and asia-1 are periodically reported to enter the country from the east. the status of fmd in turkey is important regionally because the country forms a natural bridge between asia where the disease is endemic, and europe which has disease-free status. this study analysed spatial and temporal patterns of fmd occurrence in turkey to explore factors associated with the disease's ...200515962561
genetic comparison of large fragment of the 5'untranslated region among foot-and-mouth disease viruses with special reference to serotype asia1.foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), the most economically important disease of cloven-hoofed animals, is endemic in india. sequence analysis revealed that phylogenetic grouping of type asia1 field isolates on the basis of the large fragment of the 5'untranslated region (5'lf-utr) was quite similar to that based on the sequences of the capsid-coding (vp1) region of the same viruses. the existence of two distinct lineages of type asia1 suggested by the study on the vp1 region was further supported by th ...200515968474
dna fragment encoding human il-1beta 163-171 peptide enhances the immune responses elicited in mice by dna vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease.dna vaccine has been tested for protection against foot-and-mouth disease. however, the relatively low efficacy of dna vaccine in inducing immune responses in large animals has restricted its practical use. interleukin-1 plays an essential role in amplifying both the cellular and humoral immune responses to foreign antigens, and may therefore represent a good candidate as an adjuvant of dna vaccines. since the inflammatory activity of il-i may restrict its application in dna vaccine treatment, w ...200515727290
development of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the foot and mouth disease virus structural polyprotein gene p1 and its utilization as an experimental immunogen.the use of transgenic plants as vectors for the expression of viral and bacterial antigens has been increasingly tested as an alternative methodology for the production of experimental vaccines. here, we report the production of transgenic alfalfa plants containing the genes encoding the polyprotein p1 and the protease 3c of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv). the immunogenicity of the expressed products was tested using a mouse experimental model. parenterally immunized mice developed a strong ...200515734052
a peptide vaccine administered transcutaneously together with cholera toxin elicits potent neutralising anti-fmdv antibody responses.in this study a synthetic peptide representing residues 141-159 from the gh loop of vp1 protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus was tested for its capacity to elicit virus neutralising antibodies in mice after transcutaneous immunisation. topical application of the peptide conjugated to bovine serum albumin together with cholera toxin as an adjuvant elicited anti-peptide antibody responses with strong virus neutralising activity. the combination of cholera toxin with an immunostimulatory cpg mot ...200515734548
analysis of the epidemiological dynamics during the 1982-1983 epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease in denmark based on molecular high-resolution strain identification.an epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) causing a total of 23 cases in 1982-1983, primarily on the island of funen, denmark, was subjected to molecular epidemiological investigations. in an attempt to exploit the quasi-species nature of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains for molecular high-resolution strain identification in order to analyse the dynamics of this epidemic, full-length vp1 coding regions were sequenced for 17 isolates collected at different farms during the epidemic. the seq ...200516099917
[expression of foot and mouth disease virus antigens in transgenic plants].owing to its geographical distribution and its highly contagious character, the foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus is responsible for one of the most dreaded of all livestock diseases. the currently-used vaccine is polyvalent and is based on an inactivated virus. current research on fmd vaccines focuses on the creation of vaccines that are easier and cheaper to produce, and that avoid manipulation of large quantities of virus. the use of transgenic plants to express relevant antigens has been ev ...200516110887
recent spread of fmd virus serotype asia 1. 200515995241
vaccination against foot and mouth disease reduces virus transmission in groups of calves.the aim of vaccination during an epidemic of foot and mouth disease (fmd) is not to induce clinical protection, but to reduce virus transmission. since no quantitative data were available on the effectiveness of vaccination in cattle, we investigated whether a single vaccination against fmd could reduce virus transmission in groups of calves by estimating the reproduction ratio r, i.e. the average number of secondary cases caused by one infectious animal in a susceptible population. we performed ...200516002192
invariant aphthovirus consensus nucleotide sequence in the transition to error catastrophe.rna viruses replicate as complex distributions of non-identical but closely related variant genomes termed viral quasispecies. when the error rate during genome replication exceeds a threshold value, the genetic information cannot be maintained and the system enters error catastrophe. this violation of the error threshold results in virus extinction and it is currently being investigated as a new antiviral strategy, based on antiviral activity of some mutagenic agents. previous studies with the ...200516002345
antigenic and genetic analyses of foot-and-mouth disease virus type a isolates for selection of candidate vaccine strain reveals emergence of a variant virus that is responsible for most recent outbreaks in india.recent reports indicated presence of two antigenic and genetic groups (genotypes vi and vii) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type a in india and are divergent from the vaccine strains. in order to choose suitable field isolate as candidate vaccine strain, anti-sera against representative isolates from both the genotypes and two in-use vaccine strains are tested in neutralization assay. two candidate vaccine strains from both the genotypes are selected with close antigenic match to the fie ...200516022900
the application of new techniques to the improved detection of persistently infected cattle after vaccination and contact exposure to foot-and-mouth disease.detection of antibodies to the non-structural proteins (nsp) of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) was compared with conventional serological and virological methods and with rt-pcr for the identification of fmdv carrier animals obtained after experimental contact challenge of vaccinated cattle. transmission from carriers to sentinels was also monitored. twenty fmdv vaccinated and five unvaccinated cattle were challenged by direct contact with five donor cattle excreting fmdv and monitored unti ...200516039761
a survey to investigate movements off sheep and cattle farms in new zealand, with reference to the potential transmission of foot-and-mouth disease.to quantify the numbers and extent of movements off sheep and cattle farms in new zealand, in order to construct more realistic simulation models to investigate how infectious diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) might spread.200516044181
development of monoclonal antibody-linked elisa for sero-diagnosis of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv-in) using baculovirus expressed glycoprotein.the gene encoding the envelope glycoprotein (gp) of vesicular stomatitis virus serotype, indiana (vsv-in), was expressed under the polyhedron promoter of baculovirus. the recombinant gp was applied as a diagnostic antigen for the detection of cattle and horse antibodies to vsv. in addition, the neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mab) to gp of vsv-in was used as trapping antibody in a mab-linked indirect elisa (mli-elisa) or detecting antibody in a mab-linked competitive elisa (mlc-elisa). the dia ...200516076499
the adjuvant effect of levamisole on killed viral vaccines.to explore adjuvants that are capable of promoting th1-biased immune response, we investigated the usefulness of levamisole (lms) as one such adjuvant for two different preparations of killed viral vaccines, derived from the foot mouth disease virus (fmdv) or the porcine respiratory reproductive syndrome virus (prrsv) and tested respectively in balb/c or c57 bl/6 mice. the results showed that lms induced different types of immune responses in the host, depending on its dosage. while a high level ...200516095767
evidence for an rna chaperone function of polypyrimidine tract-binding protein in picornavirus translation.the cellular polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (ptb) is recruited by the genomic rnas of picornaviruses to stimulate translation initiation at their internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements. we investigated the contribution of the individual rna recognition motif (rrm) domains of ptb to its interaction with the ires of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). using a native gel system, we found that ptb is a monomer, confirming recent reports that challenged the previous view that ptb is a di ...200516314455
role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of asian and south american foot-and-mouth disease viruses in swine.in this study, we performed experiments to evaluate the extend of the process of apoptotic cell death by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). apoptosis can also occur in some virus-infected cells, and ability of viruses to either inhibit or promote apoptosis may influence the pathologic outcome of infection. in this study, to determine if apoptosis plays a role in the outcome of fmdv infection in swine, we evaluated apoptosis in diseased tissues collected from pigs inoculated with two different ...200516327217
specific interference between two unrelated internal ribosome entry site elements impairs translation efficiency.internal ribosome entry site (ires) elements allow simultaneous synthesis of multiple proteins in eukaryotic cells. here, two unrelated iress that perform efficiently in bicistronic constructs, the picornavirus foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) and the cellular immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (bip) ires, were used to generate a tricistronic vector. functional analysis of the tricistronic rna evidenced that the efficiency of protein synthesis under the control of bip ires was lower t ...200516330032
absence of antibodies to foot-and-mouth disease virus in free-ranging roe deer from selected areas of germany (2001-2002).blood samples (n = 223) of free-ranging roe deer (capreolus capreolus) were collected from selected hunting grounds in germany between october 2001 and october 2002. samples originated from lower saxony (n = 43) and north-rhine westphalia (n = 108) within a 20-km area ("cordon") cordoned off along the border of the netherlands. this is adjacent to the area of a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak that occurred between 21 march and 22 april 2001 in the netherlands. negative control samples were taken ...200516244071
a novel mucosal vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus induces protection in mice and swine.epitopes of a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein vp1 complex and a chimera of 6xhis-tagged cholera toxin b subunit (hctb) were expressed in hansenula polymorpha and used together as a mucosal vaccine. antibody and cytokine responses to vp1-hctb vaccine and protection against fmdv were evaluated by elisa and a virus challenge test in mice, respectively. vp1-hctb directly enhanced the expression of interleukin-5 (il-5) both in serum and supernatants of cultured spleen cells. after ...200516247672
non-capsid proteins to identify foot-and-mouth disease viral circulation in cattle irrespective of vaccination.the ability of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to establish subclinical and even persistent infection, the so called carrier state, imposes the need to reliably demonstrate absence of viral circulation, to monitor the progress of control measures, either during eradication programs or after reintroduction of virus in free areas. this demonstration becomes critical in immunized populations, because of the concern that silent viral circulation could be hidden by immunization. this concern orig ...200516257539
mutant viral polymerase in the transition of virus to error catastrophe identifies a critical site for rna binding.a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) polymerase (3d) with amino acid replacements g118d, v239m and g373d (triple dmd mutant) was obtained from a molecular clone derived from a virus population treated with ribavirin, in the transition to error catastrophe (virus extinction through lethal mutagenesis). dmd 3d was expressed in escherichia coli, purified, and its activity compared with that of wild-type enzyme and mutant enzymes with either replacement g118d, g118a or d338a (the latter affecting t ...200516216271
development of novel strategies to control foot-and-mouth disease: marker vaccines and antivirals.foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is economically the most important viral-induced livestock disease worldwide. the disease is highly contagious and fmd virus (fmdv) replicates and spreads extremely rapidly. outbreaks in previously fmd-free countries, including taiwan, the united kingdom, and uruguay, and the potential use of fmdv by terrorist groups have demonstrated the vulnerability of countries and the need to develop control strategies that can rapidly inhibit or limit disease spread. the curren ...200516289996
regulation of immunologicals in the european union: current and emerging issues. 200516289997
development of synthetic peptide elisa based on nonstructural protein 2c of foot and mouth disease virus.it was reported that the sera of convalescent animals contain antibodies to foot and mouth disease (fmd) virus (fmdv) 2c, highly conserved nonstructural protein (nsp), whereas the sera of vaccinated animals do not. but elisa methods using this protein were not reported and developed until recently. in this study, nsp 2c peptides were synthesized within the amino acid sequence of the conserved 2c nonstructural region of fmdv according to the sequences from genbank database and used for identifyin ...200516293996
[foot-and-mouth disease:: an old disease--new solutions].the recent outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease in united kingdom provoked a crisis in the european union with deleterious consequences not only for livestock industry. public opinion is more and more concerned about stamping out measures used to control the disease even with previously vaccinated animals. presently the trend is to "vaccinate for life". this policy change requires to improve vaccines and diagnostic tools. it is not foreseen nevertheless to come back to a generalized vaccination of ...200516116814
tissue distribution of a plasmid dna containing epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus in mice.it is known that only the minority of plasmid dnas effect a cure or prevention after intramuscular injection into host. but what is the fate of the majority? and indeed how many of the injected dnas work? till now, little is known about it. to answer these questions, two methods including pcr and autoradiography were used in distribution study in mice that had received a single muscular inoculation of plasmid dna containing antigenic epitopes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. the results showed t ...200516125283
development of a lightcycler-based reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus.one step taqman real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (r/t rt-pcr) using a set of primers/probes was developed for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus. the gene-specific probes labeled fluorogen for the internal ribosomal entry site, leader sequence and 2b regions were used to detect fmd virus (fmdv). this assay specifically detected fmdv both in cell culture preparations and clinical samples, and was capable of distinguishing fmd from other viral diseases sim ...200516131823
impairment of thymus-dependent responses by murine dendritic cells infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a cytopathic virus that experimentally infects mice, inducing a thymus-independent neutralizing ab response that rapidly clears the virus. in contrast, vaccination with uv-inactivated virus induces a typical thymus-dependent (td) response. in this study we show that dendritic cells (dcs) are susceptible to infection with fmdv in vitro, although viral replication is abortive. infected dcs down-regulate the expression of mhc class ii and cd40 molecules and up ...200516148145
vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus confers complete clinical protection in 7 days and partial protection in 4 days: use in emergency outbreak response.recent outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) demonstrate that this highly contagious viral infection of cloven hoofed animals continues to be a significant economic problem worldwide. debate about the most effective way to respond to outbreaks of fmdv in disease free countries continues to center on the use of vaccines. in this report, we present data showing that a commercially available, standard dose vaccine formulation can fully protect cattle against direct challenge with the vir ...200516153756
a preliminary investigation of tuberculosis and other diseases in african buffalo (syncerus caffer) in queen elizabeth national park, uganda.a survey to determine the prevalence of bovine tuberculosis caused by mycobacterium bovis and certain other infectious diseases was conducted on 42 free-ranging african buffaloes, (syncerus caffer) from may to june 1997 in the queen elizabeth national park, uganda. using the gamma interferon test, exposure to m. bovis was detected in 21.6% of the buffaloes. one dead buffalo and an emaciated warthog (phacochoerus aethiopicus) that was euthanased, were necropsied; both had miliary granulomas from ...200516137132
the alpha(v)beta6 integrin receptor for foot-and-mouth disease virus is expressed constitutively on the epithelial cells targeted in cattle.field strains of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) use a number of alpha(v)-integrins as receptors to initiate infection on cultured cells, and integrins are believed to be the receptors used to target epithelial cells in animals. in this study, immunofluorescence confocal microscopy and real-time rt-pcr were used to investigate expression of two of the integrin receptors of fmdv, alpha(v)beta6 and alpha(v)beta3, within various epithelia targeted by this virus in cattle. these studies show tha ...200516186231
analysis of a foot-and-mouth disease virus type a24 isolate containing an sgd receptor recognition site in vitro and its pathogenesis in cattle.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) initiates infection by binding to integrin receptors via an arg-gly-asp (rgd) sequence found in the g-h loop of the structural protein vp1. following serial passages of a type a(24) cruzeiro virus (a(24)cru) in bovine, via tongue inoculation, a virus was generated which contained an sgd sequence in the cell receptor-binding site and expressed a turbid plaque phenotype in bhk-21 cells. propagation of this virus in these cells resulted in the rapid selection of ...200516189001
host and virus determinants of picornavirus pathogenesis and tropism.the family picornaviridae contains some notable members, including rhinovirus, which infects humans more frequently than any other virus; poliovirus, which has paralysed or killed millions over the years; and foot-and-mouth-disease virus, which led to the creation of dedicated institutes throughout the world. despite their profound impact on human and animal health, the factors that regulate pathogenesis and tissue tropism are poorly understood. in this article, we review the clinical and econom ...200516205710
the "friedrich-loeffler-institut": past, present and future of research in infectious diseases of animals.the friedrich-loeffler-institut, founded in 1910 by friedrich loeffler, the discoverer of the first animal virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, is the oldest virological research facility in the world. beyond viruses, its area of competence has significantly expanded since its foundation and now also covers bacterial, parasitic and prion diseases of livestock, poultry and aquatic animals. presently located at four sites within germany (insel riems, jena,tübingen,wusterhausen) the tasks of the in ...200516206922
dna prime followed by protein boost enhances neutralization and th1 type immunity against fmdv.prime-boost strategy has been exhibited its potency to enhance immune responses, which would be important to the success to develop a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). an eukaryotic expression construct encoding the fmdv capsid vp1 protein with a recombinant vp1 protein or a commercial fmdv vaccine were tested in the prime-boost strategy in mice and cattle trials. the levels of induced specific antibodies, t cell proliferations, and dth activities were significantly higher ...200516212533
immune response characteristics following emergency vaccination of pigs against foot-and-mouth disease.pigs were vaccinated with the emergency inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vaccine--water-in-oil-in-water emulsion with montanide isa206--known to protect after 3-5 days. peripheral blood leukocyte (pbl) sub-populations did not differ between vaccinates and controls post-vaccination. there was neither lymphopenia nor inflammatory reaction. fmdv-specific antibody and t lymphocyte activity developed in the vaccinates. virus-induced th1-like cytokine protein and mrna (ifngamma and il-2 ...200515620477
viruses in boar semen: detection and clinical as well as epidemiological consequences regarding disease transmission by artificial insemination.many viruses have been reported to be present in boar semen, particularly during the viremic phase of the diseases. some of them, such foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, swine vesicular disease virus, porcine parvovirus, picornaviruses, adenoviruses, enteroviruses, japanese encephalitis virus, pseudorabies virus, african swine fever virus and reoviruses are of particular importance and accurate monitoring prior to and during the presence of boars i ...200515626416
differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus infected animals from vaccinated animals using a blocking elisa based on baculovirus expressed fmdv 3abc antigen and a 3abc monoclonal antibody.a blocking elisa that differentiated foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infected animals from vaccinated animals was developed which uses baculovirus expressed fmdv 3abc non-structural protein as antigen and monoclonal antibody against fmdv 3abc non-structural protein as capture and detector antibody. sera from naive, vaccinated and infected cattle, sheep and pigs were examined. the specificity of the test was high. non-specific reactions observed in particular in sera of cattle and sheep could ...200515645377
introduction and history of foot-and-mouth disease virus.foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) has been recognized as a significant epidemic disease threatening the cattle industry since the sixteenth century, and in the late nineteenth century it was shown by loeffler and frosch to be caused by a submicroscopic, filterable transmissible agent, smaller than any known bacteria. the agent causing fmd was thus the first virus of vertebrates to be discovered, soon after the discovery of tobacco mosaic virus of plants. it was not until 1920 that a convenient animal ...200515648172
translation and replication of fmdv rna.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) rna is infectious. after delivery of the rna (about 8.3 kb) into the cytoplasm of a cell, the rna must initially be translated to produce the viral proteins required for rna replication and for the packaging of the rna into new virions. subsequently there has to be a switch in the function of the rna; translation has to be stopped to permit rna replication. the signals required for the control of the different roles of viral rna must be included within the vir ...200515648174
the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus.structural studies of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) have largely focused on the mature viral particle, providing atomic resolution images of the spherical protein capsid for a number of sero- and sub-types, structures of the highly immunogenic surface loop, fab and gag receptor complexes. additionally, structures are available for a few non-structural proteins. the chapter reviews our current structural knowledge and its impact on our understanding of the virus life cycle proceeding from t ...200515648175
natural and vaccine induced immunity to fmd.a brief overview of the foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) literature over the last 100 years will give the impression that a great deal is known about the immune response of livestock to infection and vaccination. at the practical level, this is indeed the case and our knowledge is more than adequate in relation to the production and supply of potent vaccines for the control of the disease. the deficiencies in our understanding of the immune response are at the fundamental level and, arguably, stand ...200515648176
global epidemiology and prospects for control of foot-and-mouth disease. 200515648177
foot-and-mouth disease virus evolution: exploring pathways towards virus extinction.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is genetically and phenotypically variable. as a typical rna virus, fmdv follows a quasispecies dynamics, with the many biological implications of such a dynamics. mutant spectra provide a reservoir of fmdv variants, and minority subpopulations may become dominant in response to environmental demands or as a result of statistical fluctuations in population size. accumulation of mutations in the fmdv genome occurs upon subjecting viral populations to repeated b ...200515648178
quasispecies dynamics and rna virus extinction.the extinction of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is strongly influenced by mutation rates, types of mutations, relative viral fitness and virus population regimens during infection. here we review experimental results and theoretical models that describe a contrast between the effective extinction of fmdv subjected to increased mutagenesis, and the remarkable resistance to extinction of the same and related fmdv clones subjected to serial bottleneck events. the results suggest procedures to ...200515649559
action of mutagenic agents and antiviral inhibitors on foot-and-mouth disease virus.our current knowledge on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) entry into error catastrophe is reviewed. fmdv can establish cytolytic and persistent infections in the field and in cell culture. both types of fmdv infection in cell culture can be treated with mutagens, with or without classical (non-mutagenic) antiviral inhibitors, to drive the virus to extinction. 5-fluorouracil (fu) and 5-azacytidine (azc) have been employed as mutagenic agents to treat cytolytic fmdv infections, and ribavirin (r ...200515649564
crystal structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus 3c protease. new insights into catalytic mechanism and cleavage specificity.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a widespread and economically devastating disease of domestic livestock. although fmdv vaccines are available, political and technical problems associated with their use are driving a renewed search for alternative methods of disease control. the viral rna genome is translated as a single polypeptide precursor that must be cleaved into functional proteins by virally encoded proteases. 10 of the 13 cleavages are performed by the highly conserved 3c prote ...200515654079
foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes an acute disease that can be lethal for adult laboratory mice.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a picornavirus that causes an acute vesicular disease of cloven-hoofed animals. this virus continues to be threat to livestock worldwide with outbreaks causing severe economic losses. however, very little is known about fmdv pathogenesis, partially due to the inconveniences of working with cattle and swine, the main natural hosts of the virus. here we demonstrate that c57bl/6 and balb/c adult mice are highly susceptible to fmdv infection when the virus is a ...200515661169
phylogeny, genome evolution, and antigenic variability among endemic foot-and-mouth disease virus type a isolates from india.the capsid-coding (p1) and 3a regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) type a field isolates including two vaccine strains collected during 1977-2000 were analyzed. in the phylogenies, the isolates were distributed into two previously identified genotypes vi and vii, with multiple sub-genotypes that are temporally clustered. comparison of the antigenic relationships of field isolates with the two vaccine strains (ind 17/77 and ind 490/97) and the reference strains of the genotypes vi (ind ...200515662482
protective immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus challenge in guinea pigs vaccinated with recombinant p1 polyprotein expressed in pichia pastoris.vaccination of the susceptible livestock with potent, safe and cost effective vaccine is the primary requirement to control foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in an endemic country. in this study, an alternative approach was used in which structural protein genes of all the four serotypes of fmdv (o, asia 1, a22 and c) were expressed separately in methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris. the recombinant polyproteins (p1) were characterized by sds-page and in western blot analysis. partially purified prot ...200515662485
evaluation of in vitro inhibitory potential of small interfering rnas directed against various regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus genome.india is endemic for foot-and-mouth disease and it continues to be a major threat to the livestock industry despite vaccination programmes. in the present study, the ability of specific small interfering (si)rnas directed against different genomic regions of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) to inhibit virus replication in bhk-21 cells was examined. for preliminary evaluation of possible sirna-mediated fmdv inhibition, a cocktail of several unique populations of 12-30bp sirnas were successfull ...200515752771
site-specific peptide vaccines for immunotherapy and immunization against chronic diseases, cancer, infectious diseases, and for veterinary applications.united biomedical, inc. (ubi) has developed a set of core technologies for the discovery and production of synthetic peptide-based immunotherapeutics and vaccines. these core technologies have led to products that stimulate functional site-directed antibody responses for therapeutic effects. ubi active immunotherapies can be used to modulate physiological processes effective for the control of cell entry by hiv virions, for control of prostate cancer and allergy, and for immunocastration in live ...200515755569
effects of foot-and-mouth disease virus nonstructural proteins on the structure and function of the early secretory pathway: 2bc but not 3a blocks endoplasmic reticulum-to-golgi transport.infection of cells by picornaviruses leads to the generation of intracellular membrane vesicles. the expression of poliovirus (pv) 3a protein causes swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum (er) and inhibition of protein trafficking between the er and the golgi apparatus. here, we report that the nonstructural proteins of a second picornavirus, foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), also perturb the secretory pathway. fmdv proteins 3a, 2b, 2c, and 2bc expressed alone in cells were recovered from crud ...200515767438
analysis of the immune response against mixotope peptide libraries from a main antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus.the design of vaccines for rna viral diseases is complicated by the high genetic variability of the viruses, which favors the selection of escape mutants. a case in point is foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), for which only limited protection has been observed in vaccination with single peptides. we have explored the potential of immunogens of higher sequence diversity, covering a broad range of field or culture-induced mutations at the immunodominant site a of fmdv, serotype c. four mixotope- ...200515780448
amyloid-like properties of bacterial inclusion bodies.bacterial inclusion bodies are major bottlenecks in protein production, narrowing the spectrum of relevant polypeptides obtained by recombinant dna. while regarded as amorphous deposits formed by passive and rather unspecific precipitation of unfolded chains, we prove here that they are instead organized aggregates sharing important structural and biological features with amyloids. by using an escherichia coli beta-galactosidase variant, we show that aggregation does not necessarily require unfo ...200515784261
quantitative risk assessment of fmd virus transmission via water.foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a viral disease of domesticated and wild cloven-hoofed animals. fmd virus is known to spread by direct contact between infected and susceptible animals, by animal products such as meat and milk, by the airborne route, and mechanical transfer on people, wild animals, birds, and by vehicles. during the outbreak of 2001 in the netherlands, milk from dairy cattle was illegally discharged into the sewerage as a consequence of transport prohibition. this may lead to con ...200515787753
detection of antibody to the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) non-structural polyprotein 3abc in sheep by elisa.the specificity and sensitivity of an elisa for detecting igg to the 3abc non-structural protein of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus was evaluated in fmd naive, aerosol-infected, aerosol plus direct contact infected and field-exposed sheep. all 12 sheep that were experimentally infected without prior vaccination seroconverted in the test, although fewer field sera from fmd-exposed sheep were scored seropositive compared to test results for structural protein antibodies. the 3abc test specifici ...200515794985
constitutive expression of alpha interferon by skin dendritic cells confers resistance to infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus.the role of dendritic cells (dc) in the initiation of immune responses against foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is poorly understood. we analyzed the innate response of freshly isolated swine skin dc to the virus and show a rapid induction of beta interferon (ifn-beta) mrna but not ifn-alpha mrna. however, these dc secreted both ifn-alpha and ifn-beta proteins in response to live virus but not killed virus. furthermore, the surface expression of swine major histocompatibility complex class ii ...200515795269
interleukin-2 potentiates foot-and-mouth disease vaccinal immune responses in mice.the present study describes the role of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rh il-2) as immunomodulatory molecule in foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccinal immune response in a murine model. the humoral immune response was evaluated by examining the antibody titre against fmd virus type o, a(22) and asia 1 in serum samples obtained from different groups of mice inoculated with pbs, fmd vaccine alone; vaccine along with rh il-2 on 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days post vaccination (dpv) by indirect double an ...200515811646
serologic surveillance for selected viral agents in captive and free-ranging populations of arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) from saudi arabia and the united arab emirates.a total of 294 sera collected between 1999 and 2001 from eight captive and one free-ranging herds of arabian oryx (oryx leucoryx) distributed in saudi arabia (sa) and the united arab emirates (uae) were assayed for antibodies against 13 selected viral agents. arabian oryx have been exposed to bluetongue virus (btv), epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (ehdv), rinderpest virus (rpv), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv), bovine adenovirus 3 (bav-3), cervid herpesvirus-1, foot-and-mouth disea ...200515827212
stable antibody expression at therapeutic levels using the 2a peptide.therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are currently being developed for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. despite clinical success, widespread application of mab therapies may be limited by manufacturing capabilities. in this paper, we describe a mab delivery system that allows continuous production of a full-length antibody at high-concentrations in vivo after gene transfer. the mab is expressed from a single open reading frame by linking the heavy and light chains with a 2a self-p ...200515834403
immune response in guinea pigs vaccinated with dna vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease virus o/china99.in order to obtain the gene p12x3c of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv o/china99) that includes full length p1, 2a, 3c and part of 2b and 3b, the site mutation strategy was used. the recombinant plasmid pcdna3.1/p12x3c was transfected into bhk-21 cells. the capsid proteins of fmdv expressed in bhk-21 cells were confirmed by sandwich-elisa and indirect immunofluorescence test. then the plasmid pcdna3.1/p12x3c was administered to guinea pigs intramuscularly, and purified fmdv o/china993d protein ...200515837227
a segmented form of foot-and-mouth disease virus interferes with standard virus: a link between interference and competitive fitness.serial passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in bhk-21 cells at high multiplicity of infection resulted in dominance of particles containing defective rnas that were infectious by complementation in the absence of standard viral rna. in the present study, we show that the defective fmdv particles interfere with replication of the cognate standard virus. coinfections of defective fmdv with standard fmdv mutants that differ up to 151-fold in relative fitness have documented that the degre ...200515840515
short hairpin rna targeted to the highly conserved 2b nonstructural protein coding region inhibits replication of multiple serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is one of the most contagious agents of animals. recent disease outbreaks in fmd-free countries have prompted the development of new control strategies that could improve the levels of protection against this virus. we have delivered a plasmid expressing a short hairpin rna (shrna) directed against a highly conserved sequence in the 2b nonstructural protein coding region of fmdv rna to porcine cells. after virus infection, these cells showed a significant redu ...200515840521
development and evaluation of a multiplex pcr for differentiation of foot-and-mouth disease virus strains native to india.a multiplex pcr (mpcr) for the differentiation of indian fmdv serotypes, o, a, asia 1 and c was developed and evaluated on 142 clinical and 39 cell culture samples. on the latter samples both the tests worked well with 100% efficiency, whereas on clinical samples mpcr had better efficiency than elisa. the test was found to be specific for fmdv. the detection limit of the assay was varied among the serotypes; it was most sensitive on types a and asia 1 and least sensitive on type c. the mpcr clea ...200515847913
use of confocal immunofluorescence microscopy to localize viral nonstructural proteins and potential sites of replication in pigs experimentally infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus.replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus in infected pig epithelium has been studied by immunofluorescence labeling of the viral nonstructural protein 3abc and confocal microscopy. the results were correlated with viral rna copy numbers in tissue samples from adjacent sites determined by reverse transcription-pcr (rt-pcr). lesion formation was seen in the tongues and coronary band epithelia of infected pigs 2 days after infection. viral replication was observed in cells of the epithelium of t ...200515858024
comparative genomics of foot-and-mouth disease virus.here we present complete genome sequences, including a comparative analysis, of 103 isolates of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) representing all seven serotypes and including the first complete sequences of the sat1 and sat3 genomes. the data reveal novel highly conserved genomic regions, indicating functional constraints for variability as well as novel viral genomic motifs with likely biological relevance. previously undescribed invariant motifs were identified in the 5' and 3' untranslate ...200515858032
crystallization of foot-and-mouth disease virus 3c protease: surface mutagenesis and a novel crystal-optimization strategy.foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) 3c protease (3c(pro)) plays a vital role in virus replication by performing most of the cleavages required to divide the viral polyprotein precursor into its functional component proteins. to date, no structural information has been available for fmdv 3c(pro), which is an attractive target for antiviral drugs. targeted mutagenesis of surface amino acids identified two cys residues that were detrimental to solubility and contributed to the time-dependent format ...200515858279
[high expression of the foot-and-mouth disease's structural protein p1 in escherichia coli and analysis of its biology activity].foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the aetiological angent of a highly contagious viral disease. the complete gene encoding the structural protein of fmdv (p1) was subcloned into expression vector pgex-kg, resulting in the fusion expression plasmid pkg-p1. after transformed into e. coli bl21(de3) and induced by iptg, the results of sds-page showed that the gst-p1 fusion protein was expressed in high level. the molecular weight of the fusion protein wa 110kd and the expressed products were so ...200515859349
Refresh
firstprev
...21222324252627282930...
nextlast
Displaying items 2501 - 2600 of 4462