Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
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| in-cell shape uncovers dynamic interactions between the untranslated regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus rna. | the genome of rna viruses folds into 3d structures that include long-range rna-rna interactions relevant to control critical steps of the viral cycle. in particular, initiation of translation driven by the ires element of foot-and-mouth disease virus is stimulated by the 3'utr. here we sought to investigate the rna local flexibility of the ires element and the 3'utr in living cells. the shape reactivity observed in vivo showed statistically significant differences compared to the free rna, revea ... | 2016 | 27608725 |
| dna vaccine (p1-2a-3c-pcdna) co-administered with bovine il-18 gives protective immune response against foot and mouth disease in cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals causing considerable economic loss in the affected countries. presently used tissue culture inactivated vaccine protects the vaccinated animals for a short duration. dna vaccines along with appropriate adjutants is one of the approach for the development of alternative vaccine. in the present study, we constructed p1-2a-3cpcdna (containing p1-2a-3c coding sequences of fmdv asia-1 ind 63/72) and bovine il-18 pcdn ... | 2016 | 27599937 |
| rapid and specific detection of porcine parvovirus by isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assays. | porcine parvovirus (ppv) is a major cause of swine reproductive failure and reported in many countries worldwide. recombinase polymerase amplification (rpa) assays using a real-time fluorescent detection (ppv real-time rpa assay) and a lateral flow dipstick (ppv rpa lfd assay) were developed targeting ppv ns1 gene. the detection limit of ppv real-time rpa assay was 300 copies per reaction within 9 min at 38 °c, while the rpa lfd assay has a detection limit of 400 copies per reaction in less than ... | 2016 | 27593155 |
| field-deployable reverse transcription-insulated isothermal pcr (rt-iipcr) assay for rapid and sensitive detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals, which can decimate the livestock industry and economy of countries previously free of this disease. rapid detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is critical to containing an fmd outbreak. availability of a rapid, highly sensitive and specific, yet simple and field-deployable assay would support local decision-making during an fmdv outbreak. here we report validation of a novel reverse transcript ... | 2016 | 27589902 |
| the serological response against foot and mouth disease virus elicited by repeated vaccination of dairy cattle. | in israel, cattle are annually vaccinated against foot and mouth disease (fmd). if infections with fmd virus occur in dairy farms it mainly involves heifers and calves, while older dairy cows seldom become infected. we hypothesized that this difference in susceptibility between adult cows and the young heifers and calves is due to stronger and more stable immune response elicited by multiple vaccinations. in order to test this hypothesis, 99 dairy cattle, divided into six groups according to num ... | 2016 | 27576078 |
| development and evaluation of tailored specific real-time rt-pcr assays for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotypes circulating in east africa. | rapid, reliable and accurate diagnostic methods provide essential support to programmes that monitor and control foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). while pan-specific molecular tests for fmd virus (fmdv) detection are well established and widely used in endemic and fmd-free countries, current serotyping methods mainly rely either on antigen detection elisas or nucleotide sequencing approaches. this report describes the development of a panel of serotype-specific real-time rt-pcr assays (rrt-pcr) tail ... | 2016 | 27575682 |
| protection of a novel epitope-rna vlp double-effective vlp vaccine for foot-and-mouth disease. | foot and mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. previously, we found that the epitope peptide ep141-160 displayed on virus-like particles (vlp) for use as a vaccine showed high immunoreactivity and conferred partially effective protection to animals. in this study, we first combined antisense rna with vlp as a vaccine against the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) by using a prokaryotic co-expression system. the antisense rna against the 3d genes of f ... | 2016 | 27565990 |
| complete genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype sat3 zimbabwe/4/81. | the complete genome sequence of a foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) serotype sat3 virus zim/4/81, which belongs to a topotype 1 (sez), is reported here. | 2016 | 27563037 |
| efficient production of a bioactive bevacizumab monoclonal antibody using the 2a self-cleavage peptide in transgenic rice callus. | bevacizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody (mab) targeting to the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf), has been widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of multiple cancers. bevacizumab was mostly produced by the mammalian cell expression system. we here reported the first plant-derived bevacizumab by using transgenic rice callus as an alternative gene expression system. codon-optimized bevacizumab light chain (blc) and bevacizumab heavy chain (bhc) genes were designed, synthes ... | 2016 | 27555853 |
| the first identification and complete genome of senecavirus a affecting pig with idiopathic vesicular disease in china. | senecavirus a (sva) infection was recently confirmed in pigs in brazil. in march, 2015, an outbreak of vesicular disease occurred in guangdong, china, characterized by vesicular lesions in sows and acute death of neonatal piglets. cumulative incidence of porcine idiopathic vesicular disease in farm a was 258, which had a total number of 5500 sows. sows in farm b displayed typical vesicular symptoms by may, 2015, which also had 5500 sows. a total of 278 and 142 of 5500 sows in farm b demonstrated ... | 2016 | 27539949 |
| equine rhinitis a virus mutants with altered acid resistance unveil a key role of vp3 and intrasubunit interactions in the control of the ph stability of the aphthovirus capsid. | equine rhinitis a virus (erav) is a picornavirus associated with respiratory disease in horses and is genetically closely related to foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), the prototype aphthovirus. erav has recently gained interest as an fmdv alternative for the study of aphthovirus biology, including cell entry and uncoating or antiviral testing. as described for fmdv, current data support that acidic ph inside cellular endosomes triggers erav uncoating. in order to provide further insights into ... | 2016 | 27535044 |
| rapid detection of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus by a fluorescent probe-based isothermal recombinase polymerase amplification assay. | a novel fluorescent probe-based real-time reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification (real-time rt-rpa) assay was developed for rapid detection of highly pathogenic type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (hp-prrsv). the sensitivity analysis showed that the detection limit of rpa was 70 copies of hp-prrsv rna/reaction. the real-time rt-rpa highly specific amplified hp-prrsv with no cross-reaction with classic prrsv, classic swine fever virus, pseudorabies virus ... | 2016 | 27534870 |
| foot-and-mouth disease in a small sample of experimentally infected pronghorn (antilocapra americana). | there is limited information on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in north american wildlife and none concerning pronghorn ( antilocapra americana ). in an experimental study of 13 pronghorn and six steers ( bos taurus ), we compared the susceptibility of pronghorn to fmd virus (fmdv) strain o, with that of cattle ( bos taurus ). we also determined the potential for intra- and interspecies transmission of fmdv strain o in pronghorn and cattle, assessed the applica ... | 2016 | 27525593 |
| companion animals as a source of viruses for human beings and food production animals. | companion animals comprise a wide variety of species, including dogs, cats, horses, ferrets, guinea pigs, reptiles, birds and ornamental fish, as well as food production animal species, such as domestic pigs, kept as companion animals. despite their prominent place in human society, little is known about the role of companion animals as sources of viruses for people and food production animals. therefore, we reviewed the literature for accounts of infections of companion animals by zoonotic viru ... | 2016 | 27522300 |
| expanding specificity of class i restricted cd8(+) t cells for viral epitopes following multiple inoculations of swine with a human adenovirus vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) vaccine. | the immune response to the highly acute foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is routinely reported as a measure of serum antibody. however, a critical effector function of immune responses combating viral infection of mammals is the cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) response mediated by virus specific cd8 expressing t cells. this immune mechanism arrests viral spread by killing virus infected cells before new, mature virus can develop. we have previously shown that infection of swine by fmdv results i ... | 2016 | 27498407 |
| truncated bovine integrin alpha-v/beta-6 as a universal capture ligand for fmd diagnosis. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is endemic in many regions of the world and is one of the most prevalent epizootic animal diseases. fmd affects livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats and pigs, and causes enormous economic losses due to reduced productivity and trade restrictions. preparedness and early diagnosis are essential for effective control of fmd. many diagnostic assays are dependent on raising high-affinity, anti-fmd virus (fmdv) serotype-specific antibodies in small animals (rabbits and ... | 2016 | 27494135 |
| genetic characterization of serotypes a and asia-1 foot-and-mouth disease viruses in balochistan, pakistan, in 2011. | this study reports characterization of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in samples collected from balochistan, pakistan. fmdv was detected by pan-fmdv real-time rt-pcr in 31 samples (epithelial and oral swabs) collected in 2011 from clinical suspect cases. of these, 29 samples were serotyped by serotype-specific real-time rt-pcr assays and were confirmed by sequencing the vp1 coding region. sixteen samples were found positive for serotype a and eight for serotype asia-1, whereas five samples ... | 2016 | 27484792 |
| a recombinant adenovirus expressing p12a and 3c protein of the type o foot-and-mouth disease virus stimulates systemic and mucosal immune responses in mice. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious livestock disease of cloven-hoofed animals which causes severe economic losses. the replication-deficient, human adenovirus-vectored fmd vaccine has been proven effective against fmd. however, the role of t-cell-mediated antiviral responses and the mucosae-mediated antiviral responses induced by the adenovirus-vectored fmd vaccine was rarely examined. here, the capsid protein precursor p1-2a and viral protease 3c of the type o fmdv were express ... | 2016 | 27478836 |
| constitutively active irf7/irf3 fusion protein completely protects swine against foot-and-mouth disease. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) remains one of the most devastating livestock diseases around the world. several serotype-specific vaccine formulations exist, but they require about 5 to 7 days to induce protective immunity. our previous studies have shown that a constitutively active fusion protein of porcine interferon (ifn) regulatory factors (irf) 7 and 3 [irf7/3(5d)] strongly induced type i ifn and antiviral genes in vitro and prevented mortality in an fmd mouse model when delivered with a rep ... | 2016 | 27466421 |
| tracking the antigenic evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | quantifying and predicting the antigenic characteristics of a virus is something of a holy grail for infectious disease research because of its central importance to the emergence of new strains, the severity of outbreaks, and vaccine selection. however, these characteristics are defined by a complex interplay of viral and host factors so that phylogenetic measures of viral similarity are often poorly correlated to antigenic relationships. here, we generate antigenic phylogenies that track the p ... | 2016 | 27448206 |
| proper timing of foot-and-mouth disease vaccination of piglets with maternally derived antibodies will maximize expected protection levels. | we investigated to what extent maternally derived antibodies interfere with foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccination in order to determine the factors that influence the correct vaccination for piglets. groups of piglets with maternally derived antibodies were vaccinated at different time points following birth, and the antibody titers to fmd virus (fmdv) were measured using virus neutralization tests (vnt). we used 50 piglets from 5 sows that had been vaccinated 3 times intramuscularly in the n ... | 2016 | 27446940 |
| identification of a conserved linear neutralizing epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody 9a9 against serotype a foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), is a highly contagious infectious disease that affects domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals worldwide. in recent years, a series of outbreaks of serotype a fmd have occurred in many countries. high-affinity neutralizing antibodies against a conserved epitope have the potential to provide protective immunity against diverse subtypes of fmdv serotype a and to protect against future pandemics. in this study, we produced ... | 2016 | 27422396 |
| investigating intra-host and intra-herd sequence diversity of foot-and-mouth disease virus. | due to the poor-fidelity of the enzymes involved in rna genome replication, foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus samples comprise of unique polymorphic populations. in this study, deep sequencing was utilised to characterise the diversity of fmd virus (fmdv) populations in 6 infected cattle present on a single farm during the series of outbreaks in the uk in 2007. a novel rt-pcr method was developed to amplify a 7.6kb nucleotide fragment encompassing the polyprotein coding region of the fmdv genom ... | 2016 | 27421209 |
| evaluation of antiviral activity of plant extracts against foot and mouth disease virus in vitro. | the aim of this study was to evaluate antiviral activity of chloroformic leaves extracts of three plants: azadirachta indica, moringa oleifera and morus alba against foot and mouth disease virus using mtt assay (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). antiviral and cytotoxic activity of each extract was evaluated as cell survival percentage and results were expressed as means ± s.d. the concentrations which resulted in cell survival percentages of greater than 50% are co ... | 2016 | 27393440 |
| a disposable, continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction device: design, fabrication and evaluation. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is used to amplify a specific segment of dna through a thermal cycling protocol. the pcr industry is shifting its focus away from macro-scale systems and towards micro-scale devices because: micro-scale sample sizes require less blood from patients, total reaction times are on the order of minutes opposed to hours, and there are cost advantages as many microfluidic devices are manufactured from inexpensive polymers. some of the fastest pcr devices use continuous f ... | 2016 | 27393216 |
| redefining the "carrier" state for foot-and-mouth disease from the dynamics of virus persistence in endemically affected cattle populations. | the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) "carrier" state was defined by van bekkum in 1959. it was based on the recovery of infectious virus 28 days or more post infection and has been a useful construct for experimental studies. using historic data from 1,107 cattle, collected as part of a population based study of endemic fmd in 2000, we developed a mixed effects logistic regression model to predict the probability of recovering viable fmdv by probang and culture, conditional on the animal's ag ... | 2016 | 27381947 |
| induction of systemic ifitm3 expression does not effectively control foot-and-mouth disease viral infection in transgenic pigs. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, and can cause severe economic loss. interferon-induced transmembrane (ifitm) proteins constitute a family of viral restriction factors that can inhibit the replication of several types of viruses. our previous study showed that overexpression of swine ifitm3 (sifitm3) impeded replication of the fmd virus (fmdv) in bhk-21 cells and mice. in this study, sifitm3-transgenic (tg) pigs were produced by handmade cloni ... | 2016 | 27374903 |
| large-scale production of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype asia1) vlp vaccine in escherichia coli and protection potency evaluation in cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is an acute, highly contagious disease that infects cloven-hoofed animals. vaccination is an effective means of preventing and controlling fmd. compared to conventional inactivated fmdv vaccines, the format of fmdv virus-like particles (vlps) as a non-replicating particulate vaccine candidate is a promising alternative. | 2016 | 27371162 |
| application of mouse model for effective evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. | efficacy evaluation of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccines has been conducted in target animals such as cows and pigs. in particular, handling fmd virus requires a high level of biosafety management and facilities to contain the virulent viruses. the lack of a laboratory animal model has resulted in inconvenience when it comes to using target animals for vaccine evaluation, bringing about increased cost, time and labor for the experiments. the fmd mouse model has been studied, but most fmd vir ... | 2016 | 27340094 |
| biological function of foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural proteins and non-coding elements. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) represses host translation machinery, blocks protein secretion, and cleaves cellular proteins associated with signal transduction and the innate immune response to infection. non-structural proteins (nsps) and non-coding elements (nces) of fmdv play a critical role in these biological processes. the fmdv virion consists of capsid and nucleic acid. the virus genome is a positive single stranded rna and encodes a single long open reading frame (orf) flanked by a ... | 2016 | 27334704 |
| recombinant aav vectors for enhanced expression of authentic igg. | adeno-associated virus (aav) has become a vector of choice for the treatment of a variety of genetic diseases that require safe and long-term delivery of a missing protein. muscle-directed gene transfer for delivery of protective antibodies against aids viruses and other pathogens has been used experimentally in mice and monkeys. here we examined a number of variations to aav vector design for the ability to produce authentic immunoglobulin g (igg) molecules. expression of rhesus igg from a sing ... | 2016 | 27332822 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus genome replication is unaffected by inhibition of type iii phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes economically damaging infections of cloven-hooved animals, with outbreaks resulting in large financial losses to the agricultural industry. due to the highly contagious nature of fmdv, research with infectious virus is restricted to a limited number of key facilities worldwide. fmdv sub-genomic replicons are therefore important tools for the study of viral translation and genome replication. the type iii phosphatidylinositol-4-kinases (pi4ks) are a fami ... | 2016 | 27323707 |
| construction of a stable w/o nano-emulsion as a potential adjuvant for foot and mouth disease virus vaccine. | a stable and bio-compatible w/o nano-emulsion was developed as adjuvant for foot and mouth disease (fmd) vaccine with isopropyl myristate as oil phase, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, and tween 80 as surfactants. dissolving tween 80 in aqueous phase decreased the droplet size and improved stability of the emulsion through narrowing size distribution, increasing viscosity, and reducing the interfacial tension between oil and water. the nano-emulsion was then formulated with inactivated fmd virus an ... | 2016 | 27322345 |
| evaluation of fta(®) card for the rescue of infectious foot-and-mouth disease virus by chemical transfection of extracted rna in cultured cells. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious epidemic disease of transboundary importance. inadequate storage and shipment of suspected clinical samples can compromise the ability to detect and characterise fmd virus (fmdv) in endemic countries, thereby, leading to the loss of valuable virological and epidemiological data. this study, investigates the potential of using fta(®) cards for dry transportation of clinical samples and subsequent recovery of infectious fmdv by chemical transfect ... | 2016 | 27321701 |
| global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 7 - pathogenesis and molecular biology. | we assessed research knowledge gaps in the fields of fmdv (foot-and-mouth disease virus) pathogenesis and molecular biology by performing a literature review (2011-15) and collecting research updates (2014) from 33 institutes from across the world. findings were used to identify priority areas for future research. there have been important advances in fmdv pathogenesis; fmdv remains in lymph nodes of many recovered animals that otherwise do not appear persistently infected, even in species previ ... | 2016 | 27320168 |
| global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 6 - immunology. | this study assessed gaps and priorities for fmdv (foot-and-mouth disease virus) research in the field of immunology. the study took the form of a literature review (2011-15) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from across the world. findings were used to identify priority areas for future fmd research. improved understanding of fmdv immunology facilitates the development of vaccines, adjuvants and diagnostic tests, and will allow better assessment and prediction o ... | 2016 | 27320167 |
| global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 5 - biotherapeutics and disinfectants. | we assessed knowledge gaps in foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) research. findings are reported in a series of papers, and in this article, we consider biotherapeutics and disinfectants. the study took the form of a literature review (2011-2015) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from across the world. findings were used to identify priority areas for future fmd research. while vaccines will remain the key immunological intervention used against fmd virus (fmdv) for t ... | 2016 | 27320166 |
| global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 4 - diagnostics. | this study assessed knowledge gaps in foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) research in the field of diagnostics. the study took the form of a literature review (2011-15) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from around the world. findings were used to identify priority areas for future fmd research. molecular and genetic technologies, including sequencing, are developing at an increasing rate both in terms of capability and affordability. these advances potentiate progress ... | 2016 | 27320165 |
| global foot-and-mouth disease research update and gap analysis: 3 - vaccines. | this study assessed research knowledge gaps in the field of fmdv (foot-and-mouth disease virus) vaccines. the study took the form of a literature review (2011-15) combined with research updates collected in 2014 from 33 institutes from across the world. findings were used to identify priority areas for future fmd vaccine research. vaccines play a vital role in fmd control, used both to limit the spread of the virus during epidemics in fmd-free countries and as the mainstay of disease management ... | 2016 | 27320164 |
| establishment and validation of two duplex one-step real-time rt-pcr assays for diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. | two duplex one-step taqman-based rt-pcr protocols for detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) were established and validated. each rt-pcr test consists of a ready-to-use master mix for simultaneous detection of the well established 3d or ires fmdv targets and incorporates the host β-actin mrna as an internal control target, in a single-tube assay. the two real-time rt-pcr 3d/β-actin and ires/β-actin tests are highly sensitive and able to detect up to 7tcid50/ml of fmdv and 10 copies/1μl ... | 2016 | 27317973 |
| a prime-boost vaccination strategy in cattle to prevent foot-and-mouth disease using a "single-cycle" alphavirus vector and empty capsid particles. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) remains one of the most economically important infectious diseases of production animals globally. vaccination can successfully control this disease, however, current vaccines are imperfect. they are made using chemically inactivated fmd virus (fmdv) that is produced in large-scale mammalian cell culture under high containment conditions. here, we have expressed the fmdv capsid protein precursor (p1-2a) of strain o1 manisa alone or with the fmdv 3c protease (3cpro) u ... | 2016 | 27294397 |
| esterase d enhances type i interferon signal transduction to suppress foot-and-mouth disease virus replication. | the enzymatic activities of esterase d (esd) are involved in many human diseases. however, no antiviral property of esd has been described to date. foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the etiological agent of foot-and-mouth disease. in this study, we showed that fmdv infection triggered esd expression. overexpression of esd significantly suppressed fmdv replication and knockdown of esd expression enhanced virus replication, showing an essential antiviral role of esd. furthermore, we found tha ... | 2016 | 27267271 |
| effect of the nucleotides surrounding the start codon on the translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna. | as for the alternative augs in foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), nucleotide bias of the context flanking the aug(2nd) could be used as a strong signal to initiate translation. to determine the role of the specific nucleotide context, dicistronic reporter constructs were engineered to contain different versions of nucleotide context linking between internal ribosome entry site (ires) and downstream gene. the results indicate that under fmdv ires-dependent mechanism, the nucleotide contexts fla ... | 2016 | 27265464 |
| retraction notice to “sequence variability in the structural protein-encoding region of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a and o of ethiopian isolates” [res. vet. sci. volume 96, issue 3, june 2014, pages 558–566]. | 2016 | 27263135 | |
| computational predictions suggest that structural similarity in viral polymerases may lead to comparable allosteric binding sites. | the identification of ligand-binding sites is often the first step in drug targeting and design. to date there are numerous computational tools available to predict ligand binding sites. these tools can guide or mitigate the need for experimental methods to identify binding sites, which often require significant resources and time. here, we evaluate four ligand-binding site predictor (lbsp) tools for their ability to predict allosteric sites within the hepatitis c virus (hcv) polymerase. our res ... | 2016 | 27262620 |
| alkaline hydrolysis to remove potentially infectious viral rna contaminants from dna. | diagnostics and research of high-consequence animal disease agents is often limited to laboratories with a high level of biosecurity that restrict the transport of biological material. often, sharing of dna with external partners is needed to support diagnostics, forensics, or research. even in the absence of virus, rna from positive-sense single stranded rna (+ssrna) viruses that may contaminate otherwise purified dna preparations continues to pose a threat due to its potential to be infectious ... | 2016 | 27260412 |
| the b-cell response to foot-and-mouth-disease virus in cattle following vaccination and live-virus challenge. | antibodies play a pivotal role against viral infection, and maintenance of protection is dependent on plasma and memory b-cells. understanding antigen-specific b-cell responses in cattle is essential to inform future vaccine design. we have previously defined t-cell-dependent and -independent b-cell responses in cattle, as a prelude to investigating foot-and-mouth-disease-virus (fmdv)-specific b-cell responses. in this study, we have used an fmdv o-serotype vaccination (o1-manisa or o skr) and l ... | 2016 | 27260141 |
| aerosol transmission of foot-and-mouth disease virus asia-1 under experimental conditions. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) control measures rely on understanding of virus transmission mechanisms. direct contact between naïve and infected animals or spread by contaminated fomites is prevented by quarantines and rigorous decontamination procedures during outbreaks. transmission of fmdv by aerosol may not be prevented by these control measures and this route of transmission may allow infection of animals at distance from the infection source. understanding the potential for aerosol s ... | 2016 | 27259825 |
| the critical role of vp1 in forming the necessary cavities for receptor-mediated entry of fmdv to the host cell. | the antigenic inconsistency of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is very broad, such that a vaccine made from one isolate will not offer protection against infection with other isolates from the same serotype. viral particles (vps) or surface exposed capsid proteins, vp1-vp3, of fmdv determine both the antigenicity of the virus and its receptor-mediated entry into the host cell. therefore, modifications of these structural proteins may alter the properties of the virus. here we show putati ... | 2016 | 27249937 |
| the pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs. | the greatest proportion of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) clinical research has been dedicated to elucidating pathogenesis and enhancing vaccine protection in cattle with less efforts invested in studies specific to pigs. however, accumulated evidence from fmd outbreaks and experimental investigations suggest that critical components of fmd pathogenesis, immunology, and vaccinology cannot be extrapolated from investigations performed in cattle to explain or to predict outcomes of infection or vacc ... | 2016 | 27243028 |
| construction and characterization of a full-length infectious cdna clone of foot-and-mouth disease virus strain o/jpn/2010 isolated in japan in 2010. | a full-length infectious cdna clone of the genome of a foot-and-mouth disease virus isolated from the 2010 epidemic in japan was constructed and designated psvl-f02. transfection of cos-7 or ibrs-2 cells with this clone allowed the recovery of infectious virus. the recovered virus had the same in vitro characterization as the parental virus with regard to antigenicity in neutralization and indirect immunofluorescence tests, plaque size and one-step growth. pigs were experimentally infected with ... | 2016 | 27234555 |
| partial deletion of stem-loop 2 in the 3' untranslated region of foot-and-mouth disease virus identifies a region that is dispensable for virus replication. | the 3' untranslated region (3' utr) of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) genome plays an essential role in virus replication, but the properties of the 3' utr are not completely defined. in order to determine the role of different regions of the 3' utr in fmdv replication, we conducted site-directed mutagenesis of the 3' utr of fmdv serotype o ind r2/1975 using a cdna clone. through independent serial deletions in various regions of the 3' utr, we demonstrated that deletion of nucleotides ... | 2016 | 27233801 |
| complexities in isolation and purification of multiple viruses from mixed viral infections: viral interference, persistence and exclusion. | successful purification of multiple viruses from mixed infections remains a challenge. in this study, we investigated peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) mixed infection in goats. rather than in a single cell type, cytopathic effect (cpe) of the virus was observed in cocultured vero/bhk-21 cells at 6th blind passage (bp). pprv, but not fmdv could be purified from the virus mixture by plaque assay. viral rna (mixture) transfection in bhk-21 cells produc ... | 2016 | 27227480 |
| serological and molecular detection of senecavirus a associated with an outbreak of swine idiopathic vesicular disease and neonatal mortality. | we performed a longitudinal field study in a swine breeding herd that presented with an outbreak of vesicular disease (vd) that was associated with an increase in neonatal mortality. initially, a usda foreign animal disease (fad) investigation confirmed the presence of senecavirus a (sva) and ruled out the presence of exotic agents that produce vesicular lesions, e.g., foot-and-mouth disease virus and others. subsequently, serum samples, tonsil swabs, and feces were collected from sows (n = 22) ... | 2016 | 27225408 |
| genomics and outbreaks: foot and mouth disease. | foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) is an animal pathogen of global economic significance. identifying the sources of outbreaks plays an important role in disease control; however, this can be confounded by the ease with which fmdv can spread via movement of infected livestock and animal products, aerosols or fomites, e.g. contaminated persons and objects. as sequencing technologies have advanced, this review highlights the uses of viral genomic data in helping to understand the global distribut ... | 2016 | 27217177 |
| neonatal mortality, vesicular lesions and lameness associated with senecavirus a in a u.s. sow farm. | a 300-sow farrow-to-finish swine operation in the united states experienced a sudden and severe increase in mortality in neonatal piglets with high morbidity followed by vesicular lesions on the snout and feet of adult females and males. affected live piglets were submitted for diagnostic investigation. samples tested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) negative for foot-and-mouth disease virus, porcine delta coronavirus, porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus, porcine rotavirus types a, b and c, transmis ... | 2016 | 27213868 |
| novel 6xhis tagged foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine bound to nanolipoprotein adjuvant via metal ions provides antigenic distinction and effective protective immunity. | here, we engineered two fmd viruses with histidine residues inserted into or fused to the fmdv capsid. both 6xhis viruses exhibited growth kinetics, plaque morphologies and antigenic characteristics similar to wild-type virus. the 6xhis tag allowed one-step purification of the mutant virions by co(2+) affinity columns. electron microscopy and biochemical assays showed that the 6xhis fmdvs readily assembled into antigen: adjuvant complexes in solution, by conjugating with ni(2+)-chelated nanolipo ... | 2016 | 27209448 |
| both cis and trans activities of foot-and-mouth disease virus 3d polymerase are essential for viral rna replication. | the picornaviridae is a large family of positive-sense rna viruses that contains numerous human and animal pathogens, including foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). the picornavirus replication complex comprises a coordinated network of protein-protein and protein-rna interactions involving multiple viral and host-cellular factors. many of the proteins within the complex possess multiple roles in viral rna replication, some of which can be provided in trans (i.e., via expression from a separate ... | 2016 | 27194768 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp): a new approach for the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus and its sero-types in pakistan. | successful disease management requires a rapid and sensitive diagnosis method that can recognize early infection even before the manifestation of its clinical signs. the only available field diagnostic tests for foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) are lateral flow devices, commonly known as chromatographic strips. low sensitivity and inability to detect fmd virus (fmdv) at the serotype level are limitations of lateral flow devices. therefore, a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplificati ... | 2015 | 27175198 |
| genome sequencing of foot-and-mouth disease virus type o isolate gre/23/94. | the complete genome of a foot-and-mouth disease type o virus originating from an epidemic in greece in 1994 is reported. this virus belongs to the middle east-south asia topotype. | 2016 | 27174269 |
| crystal structure of the 3c protease from southern african territories type 2 foot-and-mouth disease virus. | the replication of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is dependent on the virus-encoded 3c protease (3c(pro)). as in other picornaviruses, 3c(pro) performs most of the proteolytic processing of the polyprotein expressed from the large open reading frame in the rna genome of the virus. previous work revealed that the 3c(pro) from serotype a-one of the seven serotypes of fmdv-adopts a trypsin-like fold. on the basis of capsid sequence comparisons the fmdv serotypes are grouped into two phylogenet ... | 2016 | 27168976 |
| chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o displaying a serotype asia1 antigenic epitope at the surface. | to determine whether the g-h loop of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype o can function as a target structure to harbour and display serotype asia1 antigenic epitope at the surface. | 2016 | 27160994 |
| detection of multiple viral infections in cattle and buffalo with suspected vesicular disease in brazil. | vesicular diseases are of high importance for livestock, primarily because of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd), which is a high-morbidity disease that generates direct losses caused by low milk production, weight loss, and indirect losses because of the need for sanitary barriers. other vesicular diseases are also of importance for livestock because of direct impacts or because their clinical signs may be confused with those of fmd. we report herein the detection of multiple infections in cattle wit ... | 2016 | 27154321 |
| complete genome sequences of three african foot-and-mouth disease viruses from clinical samples isolated in 2009 and 2010. | the complete genome sequences of three foot-and-mouth disease viruses (one virus of each serotype sat1, sat2 and o) were directly sequenced from rna extracted from clinical bovine samples, demonstrating the feasibility of full-genome sequencing from strong positive samples taken from symptomatic animals. | 2016 | 27151795 |
| transmission of foot-and-mouth disease sat2 viruses at the wildlife-livestock interface of two major transfrontier conservation areas in southern africa. | over a decade ago, foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) re-emerged in southern africa specifically in beef exporting countries that had successfully maintained disease-free areas in the past. fmd virus (fmdv) serotype sat2 has been responsible for a majority of these outbreaks. epidemiological studies have revealed the importance of the african buffalo as the major wildlife fmd reservoir in the region. we used phylogeographic analysis to study dynamics of fmd transmission between buffalo and domestic ca ... | 2016 | 27148217 |
| the foot-and-mouth disease carrier state divergence in cattle. | the pathogenesis of persistent foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection was investigated in 46 cattle that were either naive or had been vaccinated using a recombinant, adenovirus-vectored vaccine 2 weeks before challenge. the prevalence of fmdv persistence was similar in both groups (62% in vaccinated cattle, 67% in nonvaccinated cattle), despite vaccinated cattle having been protected from clinical disease. analysis of antemortem infection dynamics demonstrated that the subclinical diverg ... | 2016 | 27147736 |
| involvement of a joker mutation in a polymerase-independent lethal mutagenesis escape mechanism. | we previously characterized a foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) with three amino acid replacements in its polymerase (3d) that conferred resistance to the mutagenic nucleoside analogue ribavirin. here we show that passage of this mutant in the presence of high ribavirin concentrations resulted in selection of viruses with the additional replacement i248t in 2c. this 2c substitution alone (even in the absence of replacements in 3d) increased fmdv fitness mainly in the presence of ribavirin, pre ... | 2016 | 27136067 |
| development of a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the detection of vesicular stomatitis new jersey virus: use of rapid molecular assays to differentiate between vesicular disease viruses. | vesicular stomatitis (vs) is endemic in central america and northern regions of south america, where sporadic outbreaks in cattle and pigs can cause clinical signs that are similar to foot-and-mouth disease (fmd). there is therefore a pressing need for rapid, sensitive and specific differential diagnostic assays that are suitable for decision making in the field. rt-lamp assays have been developed for vesicular diseases such as fmd and swine vesicular disease (svd) but there is currently no rt-l ... | 2016 | 27118518 |
| genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o isolated from morocco in 2015. | the genome of a virus isolated from an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) in morocco in 2015 is described here. this virus is classified as lineage ind-2001d within serotype o, topotype me-sa (middle east-south asia). this lineage is endemic on the indian subcontinent but has caused outbreaks in the middle east and north africa since 2013. | 2016 | 27103736 |
| differential gene expression in porcine sk6 cells infected with wild-type and sap domain-mutant foot-and-mouth disease virus. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is the causative agent of a highly contagious disease in livestock. the viral proteinase l(pro) of fmdv is involved in pathogenicity, and mutation of the l(pro) sap domain reduces fmdv pathogenicity in pigs. to determine the gene expression profiles associated with decreased pathogenicity in porcine cells, we performed transcriptome analysis using next-generation sequencing technology and compared differentially expressed genes in sk6 cells infected with fmdv ... | 2016 | 27097918 |
| genome sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus outside the 3a region is also responsible for virus replication in bovine cells. | the deletion of residues 93-102 in non-structure protein 3a of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is associated with the inability of fmdv to grow in bovine cells and attenuated virulence in cattle.whereas, a previously reported fmdv strain o/hkn/21/70 harboring 93-102 deletion in 3a protein grew equally well in bovine and swine cells. this suggests that changes infmdv genome sequence, in addition to 93-102 deletion in 3a, may also affectthe viral growth phenotype in bovine cellsduring infectio ... | 2016 | 27094491 |
| foot-and-mouth disease virus replicates independently of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and type iii phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases. | picornaviruses form replication complexes in association with membranes in structures called replication organelles. common themes to emerge from studies of picornavirus replication are the need for cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (pi4p). in infected cells, type iii phosphatidylinositol 4-kinases (pi4kiiis) generate elevated levels of pi4p, which is then exchanged for cholesterol at replication organelles. for the enteroviruses, replication organelles form at golgi membranes in ... | 2016 | 27093462 |
| bioinformatics and molecular analysis of the evolutionary relationship between bovine rhinitis a viruses and foot-and-mouth disease virus. | bovine rhinitis viruses (brvs) cause mild respiratory disease of cattle. in this study, a near full-length genome sequence of a virus named rs3x (formerly classified as bovine rhinovirus type 1), isolated from infected cattle from the uk in the 1960s, was obtained and analyzed. compared to other closely related aphthoviruses, major differences were detected in the leader protease (l(pro)), p1, 2b, and 3a proteins. phylogenetic analysis revealed that rs3x was a member of the species bovine rhinit ... | 2015 | 27081310 |
| distance effects during polyprotein processing in the complementation between defective fmdv rnas. | passage of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in bhk-21 cells resulted in the segmentation of the viral genome into two defective rnas lacking part of either the l- or the capsid-coding region. the two rnas are infectious by complementation. electroporation of l-defective rna in bhk-21 cells resulted in the accumulation of the precursor p3 located away from the deleted sequence. expression of l in trans led to the processing of p3, indicating that there is a connection between l protease activi ... | 2016 | 27073008 |
| molecular infectious disease epidemiology: survival analysis and algorithms linking phylogenies to transmission trees. | recent work has attempted to use whole-genome sequence data from pathogens to reconstruct the transmission trees linking infectors and infectees in outbreaks. however, transmission trees from one outbreak do not generalize to future outbreaks. reconstruction of transmission trees is most useful to public health if it leads to generalizable scientific insights about disease transmission. in a survival analysis framework, estimation of transmission parameters is based on sums or averages over the ... | 2016 | 27070316 |
| immunoprotective mechanisms in swine within the "grey zone" in antibody response after immunization with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals caused by the fmd virus (fmdv). vaccination represents one approach for limiting the effects of fmd. the level of protection in vaccinated animals after challenge with foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) is closely related to the antibody titer, which can be classified into three zones: a "white zone", a "grey zone", and a "black zone". the aim of the present study was to clarify the immunoprotective mechanisms ... | 2016 | 27067203 |
| reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assays for rapid identification of eastern and western strains of bluetongue virus in india. | bluetongue virus (btv) infects all ruminants, including cattle, goats and camelids, causing bluetongue disease (bt) that is often severe in naïve deer and sheep. reverse-transcription-loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification (rt-lamp) assays were developed to detect eastern or western topotype of btv strains circulating in india. each assay uses four primers recognizing six distinct sequences of btv genome-segment 1 (seg-1). the eastern (e)rt-lamp and western (w)rt-lamp assay detected btv rna in a ... | 2016 | 27054888 |
| effect of different culture systems on the production of foot and mouth disease trivalent vaccine. | this study aims to determine the effect of the stationary rawx, roller, and the suspension cell culture systems on the total virus yield infectivity and antigenicity. | 2016 | 27051181 |
| validation of γ-radiation and ultraviolet as a new inactivators for foot and mouth disease virus in comparison with the traditional methods. | the present work deals with different methods for foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) inactivation for serotypes o/pan asia, a/iran05, and sat-2/2012 by heat, gamma radiation, and ultraviolet (uv) in comparison with the traditional methods and their effects on the antigenicity of viruses for production of inactivated vaccines. | 2015 | 27047204 |
| seroprevalence of foot and mouth disease virus infection in pigs from zuru, nigeria. | this study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and distribution of foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) infection in pigs from zuru, kebbi state, nigeria. | 2015 | 27047166 |
| construction and characterization of recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus capsid proteins of indian vaccine strain, o/ind/r2/75. | generation of recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) capsid protein genes along with full-length 2b, 3b and 3c(pro) and its characterization. | 2015 | 27047064 |
| evaluation of spirulina platensis extract as natural antivirus against foot and mouth disease virus strains (a, o, sat2). | this work was aimed to document the antiviral activates of spirulina platensis extract against foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) different types to evaluate its replication in baby hamster kidney (bhk) cell culture and in baby mice. | 2015 | 27047027 |
| importance of foot and mouth disease vaccine purity in interpreting serological surveys. | the aim of this study was to determine whether the degree of purity achieved in conventional vaccines against the foot and mouth disease virus in argentina interferes with the interpretation of seroepidemiological surveys for confirming the absence of viral activity, which are performed to support the recognition of free zones practising vaccination. the evaluation of 168 vaccine series due to be marketed in argentina (2006-2012) and subjected to official control testing in cattle, as well as re ... | 2015 | 27044149 |
| erratum to: the carboxy-terminal half of nonstructural protein 3a is not essential for foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in cultured cell lines. | 2016 | 27038829 | |
| ires-mediated translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in cultured cells derived from fmdv-susceptible and -insusceptible animals. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) possess a positive sense, single stranded rna genome. internal ribosomal entry site (ires) element exists within its 5' untranslated region (5'utr) of the viral rna. translation of the viral rna is initiated by internal entry of the 40s ribosome within the ires element. this process is facilitated by cellular factors known as ires trans-acting factors (itafs). foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) is host-restricted disease for cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle and ... | 2016 | 27036295 |
| low-dose oral interferon modulates expression of inflammatory and autoimmune genes in cattle. | while the safety and efficacy profiles of orally administered bovine interferon (ifn) alpha have been documented, the mechanism(s) that result in clinical benefits remain elusive. one approach to delineating the molecular pathways of ifn efficacy is through the use of gene expression profiling technologies. in this proof-of-concept study, different (0, 50, 200 and 800 units) oral doses of natural bovine ifn (type i) were tested in cattle to determine if oral ifn altered the expression of genes t ... | 2016 | 27032505 |
| evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a capsid coding (p1) region on a timescale of three decades in an endemic context. | three decades-long (1977-2013) evolutionary trend of the capsid coding (p1) region of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) serotype a isolated in india was analysed. the exclusive presence of genotype 18 since 2001 and the dominance of the vp3(59)-deletion group of genotype 18 was evident in the recent years. clade 18c was found to be currently the only active one among the three clades (18a, 18b and 18c) identified in the deletion group. the rate of evolution of the indian isolates at the capsid ... | 2016 | 27020544 |
| comparative transcriptome analyses indicate enhanced cellular protection against fmdv in pk15 cells pretreated with ifn-γ. | interferon gamma (ifn-γ) can induce a host antiviral response to foot and mouth disease virus (fmdv) in vivo and in vitro. to elucidate the mechanism of ifn-γ anti fmdv infection in host cells, high-throughput rna sequencing was analyzed for systemic changes in gene expression profiles in pk15 cells infected by fmdv with or without ifn-γ pretreatment. more than 25 million reads, covering 1.2-1.5 gb, were analyzed from each experiment panel. fmdv challenge altered the transcription of genes invol ... | 2016 | 27018244 |
| emergence of antigenic variants within serotype a fmdv in the middle east with antigenically critical amino acid substitutions. | a new immunologically distinct strain (a-iran-05) of foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype a emerged in the middle east in 2003 that replaced the previously circulating strains (a-iran-96 and a-iran-99) in the region. this resulted in introduction of a new vaccine of this strain (a/tur/2006) in 2006. though this vaccine strain has been predominantly used to control fmd in the region, recent viruses isolated in 2012 and 2013 have shown antigenic drift and a poor match with it. in this study, we r ... | 2016 | 27016651 |
| inability of fmdv replication in equine kidney epithelial cells is independent of integrin αvβ3 and αvβ6. | integrins can function as receptors for foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in epithelium. horses are believed to be insusceptible to this disease, but the mechanism of resistance remains unclear. to detect whether fmdv can use integrin to attach to equine epithelial, we compared the utilities of αvβ3 and αvβ6 between bovine and equine kidney epithelial cells (kecs). equine kecs showed almost equal efficiency to those of bovine. further, the integrin αv, β3, and β6 subunits from bovine and equin ... | 2016 | 27011223 |
| effect of foot-and-mouth disease virus infection on the frequency, phenotype and function of circulating dendritic cells in cattle. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) is a highly contagious virus that causes one of the most devastating diseases in cloven-hoofed animals. disease symptoms develop within 2 to 3 days of exposure and include fever and vesicular lesions on the tongue and hooves. dendritic cells (dc) play an essential role in protective immune responses against pathogens. therefore, investigating their role during fmdv infection would lead to a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions. in this study, fol ... | 2016 | 27008425 |
| application of the thermofluor pastry technique for improving foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine formulation. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) has a major economic impact throughout the world and is a considerable threat to food security. current fmd virus (fmdv) vaccines are made from chemically inactivated virus and need to contain intact viral capsids to maximize efficacy. fmdv exists as seven serotypes, each made up by a number of constantly evolving subtypes. a lack of immunological cross-reactivity between serotypes and between some strains within a serotype greatly complicates efforts to control fmd ... | 2016 | 27002540 |
| diagnostic application of recombinant non-structural protein 3a to detect antibodies induced by foot-and-mouth disease virus infection. | detection of antibodies to the non-structural proteins (nsps) of fmd virus (fmdv) is the preferred differential diagnostic method for identification of fmd-infected animals in the vaccinated population. nevertheless, due to the observed variability in the antibody response to nsps, the likelihood of screening or confirming the fmd infection status in animals is increased if an antibody profile to multiple nsps is considered for diagnosis. in order to develop and evaluate an additional nsp-based ... | 2016 | 26995490 |
| development of an isothermoal amplification-based assay for rapid visual detection of an orf virus. | orf virus (orfv) is the causative agent of a severe infectious skin disease (also known as contagious ecthyma) in goats, sheep and other small ruminants. importantly, orfv also infect humans which causes a public health concern in the context of changing environment and increase in human populations. the rapid detection is critical in effective control of the disease and urgently needed. | 2016 | 26993468 |
| bovine mx1 enables resistance against foot-and-mouth disease virus in naturally susceptible cells by inhibiting the replication of viral rna. | innate immunity, especially the anti-viral genes, exerts an important barrier function in preventing viral infections. myxovirus-resistant (mx) gene take an anti-viral role, whereas its effects on foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) in naturally susceptible cells are still unclear. the bovine primary fetal tracheal epithelial cell line bpte-simx1, in which bovine mx1 gene was silenced, was established and treated with ifn alpha for 6 hr before fmdv infection. the copy numbers of the negative and ... | 2016 | 26982472 |
| differential persistence of foot-and-mouth disease virus in african buffalo is related to virus virulence. | foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) virus (fmdv) circulates as multiple serotypes and strains in many regions of endemicity. in particular, the three southern african territories (sat) serotypes are maintained effectively in their wildlife reservoir, the african buffalo, and individuals may harbor multiple sat serotypes for extended periods in the pharyngeal region. however, the exact site and mechanism for persistence remain unclear. fmd in buffaloes offers a unique opportunity to study fmdv persisten ... | 2016 | 26962214 |
| full protection of swine against foot-and-mouth disease by a bivalent b-cell epitope dendrimer peptide. | foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) causes a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. we have reported (cubillos et al., 2008) that a synthetic dendrimeric peptide consisting of four copies of a b-cell epitope [vp1(136-154)] linked through thioether bonds to a t-cell epitope [3a(21-35)] of fmdv [b4t(thi)] elicits potent b- and t-cell specific responses and confers solid protection in pigs to type c fmdv challenge. herein we show that downsized versions of this peptide bearing two copi ... | 2016 | 26956030 |
| development of tobacco ringspot virus-based vectors for foreign gene expression and virus-induced gene silencing in a variety of plants. | we report here the development of tobacco ringspot virus (trsv)-based vectors for the transient expression of foreign genes and for the analysis of endogenous gene function in plants using virus-induced gene silencing. the jellyfish green fluorescent protein (gfp) gene was inserted between the trsv movement protein (mp) and coat protein (cp) regions, resulting in high in-frame expression of the rna2-encoded viral polyprotein. gfp was released from the polyprotein via an n-terminal homologous mp- ... | 2016 | 26950504 |
| the carboxy-terminal half of nonstructural protein 3a is not essential for foot-and-mouth disease virus replication in cultured cell lines. | in foot-and-mouth disease (fmd)-endemic parts of the globe, control is mainly implemented by preventive vaccination with an inactivated purified vaccine. elisas detecting antibodies to the viral nonstructural proteins (nsp) distinguish fmd virus (fmdv)-infected animals in the vaccinated population (diva). however, residual nsps present in the vaccines are suspected to be a cause of occasional false positive results, and therefore, an epitope-deleted negative marker vaccine strategy is considered ... | 2016 | 26935917 |
| quantitative detection of the foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype o 146s antigen for vaccine production using a double-antibody sandwich elisa and nonlinear standard curves. | the efficacy of an inactivated foot-and-mouth disease (fmd) vaccine is mainly dependent on the integrity of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv) particles. at present, the standard method to quantify the active component, the 146s antigen, of fmd vaccines is sucrose density gradient (sdg) analysis. however, this method is highly operator dependent and difficult to automate. in contrast, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) is a time-saving technique that provides greater simplicity a ... | 2016 | 26930597 |